JP2015216777A - Method of magnet collection from rotor, and magnet collection facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of magnet collection from a rotor capable of easily collecting a magnet that is integrated so as to penetrate a plurality of disk-shaped metal plates, from the rotor in which the magnet is firmly fixed by an adhesive, and a magnet collection facility.SOLUTION: In the method for collecting a magnet 4 from a rotor 1, the rotor 1 is formed cylindrical as a whole by bonding a plurality of disk-shaped metal plates and the magnet 4 is integrated and fixed by an adhesive 5 in a hole penetrating end faces formed at a plurality of positions in a circumferential direction. The rotor 1 is heated to a higher temperature of either a Curie-point or an ashing temperature of the adhesive, the magnet 4 is demagnetized, and the adhesive 5 is weakened. The metal plate of the end face of the rotor 1 is vibrated so as to be resonated thereafter, such that the adhesive 5 and the magnet 4 are removed from the hole.

Description

  The present invention relates to a magnet recovery method and magnet recovery equipment suitable for use in recovering a permanent magnet from a rotor of a used automobile motor.

  In recent years, from the viewpoint of energy saving and environmental protection, the automobile industry has been developing and selling next-generation eco-friendly vehicles such as hybrid cars and electric cars one after another. The progress has been remarkable. In particular, motors and batteries, which are the heart of hybrid cars and electric cars, have been reduced in size and performance. Along with this, raw materials such as rare metals and rare earths are used as rare earth magnets in motor rotors and the like, and it may be difficult to procure them. Therefore, recovery from used motors is also required. .

  On the other hand, as a method for recovering a rare earth magnet used in a motor of a washing machine, for example, in Patent Document 1 below, a rare earth magnet having a first Curie temperature and a second Curie higher than the first Curie temperature are used. Heating a structure containing a ferromagnetic material having a temperature to an intermediate temperature between the first and second Curie temperatures, and selecting the ferromagnetic material from the heated structure by magnetic attraction. A structure including a rare earth magnet having a first Curie temperature in a first shooter with a ferromagnetic material having a second Curie temperature higher than the first Curie temperature. A method of separating a structure including a rare earth magnet and a ferromagnetic material that collects the slag into a second shooter has been proposed.

  By using this conventional separation method, after disassembling the motor into a rotor and a stator, the rotor is put into a heating furnace and heated to a temperature higher than the Curie temperature of the built-in rare earth magnet to cover the rotor. In addition to the ashing of the resin, the rare earth magnet can be demagnetized, and the rare earth magnet material can be efficiently recovered.

  However, motors for next-generation environment-friendly vehicles such as hybrid vehicles using rare earth magnets containing rare earths (rare earth elements) are used in air conditioners, refrigerator compressors, washing machine motors, etc. that use rare earth magnets. There are problems that it is several times larger and heavy, and that it is difficult to remove the rare earth magnet incorporated in the rotor because of its structure.

  FIG. 8 shows a rotor of a motor used in the hybrid vehicle. The rotor 1 has an annular plate-like metal plate 2 with a thickness of about 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The metal plate 2 is formed in a cylindrical shape having a length of about 70 to 100 mm by being laminated, and the rotor 1 is placed on the metal plate 2 at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction (16 locations in the figure). A hole 3 extending in parallel with the axis of the hole and opening at both end faces is formed, and a rare earth magnet (permanent magnet) 4 is inserted into the hole 3.

  Here, the rare-earth magnet 4 has a rectangular cross section and is formed in a columnar shape whose length is equal to the length of the rotor 1 in the axial direction. The hole 3 is formed with voids having a triangular cross section on both end sides in the width direction (longitudinal direction of the cross section) of the rare earth magnet 4, and the rare earth magnet 4 is bonded by the adhesive 5 filled in the void. It is fixed in the hole 3.

  Therefore, in the rotor having the above-described configuration, the long rare earth magnet 4 inserted into the hole 3 has a robust structure fixed by the adhesive 5 filled in a narrow gap, and the adhesion Since the agent 5 is not completely ashed after heating but remains brittle in a state of being brittle, it is difficult to take out the rare earth magnet 4. There was a point.

  In addition, since the rotor 1 is configured by laminating a large number of thin steel plates 2, if a strong blow is applied from the outer peripheral side or the end face side with a hammer or the like to extract the rare earth magnet 4, the blow is not performed. Only the added portion is locally deformed, and the hole 3 in the vicinity of the deformed portion is also deformed, so that the inserted rare earth magnet 4 is difficult to be removed and is also broken. It was.

JP 2001-219093 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the magnet is incorporated from a rotor in which a magnet incorporated so as to penetrate a plurality of annular plate-like metal plates is firmly fixed by an adhesive. It is an object of the present invention to provide a magnet recovery method and magnet recovery equipment from a rotor that can be easily recovered in the same shape.

  In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is formed in a cylindrical shape as a whole by joining a plurality of annular plate-like metal plates, and is formed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction. A method for recovering the magnet from a rotor in which a magnet is incorporated in a hole penetrating between end faces and fixed by an adhesive, wherein the rotor is either a Curie temperature or an ashing temperature of the adhesive. After heating to such a high temperature, the adhesive and the magnet are separated from the hole by applying a vibration that resonates the metal plate to the metal plate on the end face of the rotor.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the rotor is characterized in that the adjacent metal plates are joined by caulking.

  Furthermore, the invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal plate is subjected to vibration of an nth order (n is an integer of 1 or more) natural period of the metal plate. It is a feature.

  Next, the invention according to claim 4 is formed in a cylindrical shape as a whole by joining a plurality of annular plate-like metal plates, and penetrates between end faces formed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction. This is a facility for recovering the magnet from a rotor in which a magnet is incorporated and fixed with an adhesive, and the rotor is heated to the higher of the Curie temperature or the ashing temperature of the adhesive. It is characterized by comprising heating means and vibration means for applying vibrations that resonate the metal plate to the metal plate on the end face of the rotor heated by the heating means.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claim 4, wherein the rotor is cut between the metal plates in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction between the metal plates. It is characterized by comprising cutting means for dividing into a plurality of parts.

  According to the magnet recovery method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and the magnet recovery facility according to claims 4 and 5, the rotor is heated to a higher one of the Curie temperature or the ashing temperature of the adhesive. After the magnet is demagnetized and the adhesive is embrittled, a vibration that causes the metal plate to resonate is applied to the metal plate on the end face of the rotor. As a result, the metal plate is formed in a cylindrical shape as a whole, so that the individual metal plates are reciprocally displaced in the out-of-plane direction.

  The fine reciprocating displacement in the out-of-plane direction causes a phase difference in the stacking direction of the metal plates, so that the inner wall of the hole formed by the plurality of metal plates swings finely in the axial direction. Become. As a result, the adhesive that is embrittled in the hole is solved by the reciprocating displacement movement having the phase difference of each metal plate, and falls into a powder form and falls from the hole. Thereby, since the restriction | limiting of the magnet in a hole part is cancelled | released, the said magnet can be taken out from a hole part easily.

  In particular, as in the invention described in claim 2, when the rotor is configured by joining adjacent metal plates by caulking, due to a large displacement in the out-of-plane direction due to resonance of each metal plate. Since it becomes possible to remove the connection by the caulking, it is effective to give such vibration.

  Further, the vibration applied to the metal plate on the end face of the rotor is preferably a vibration having a period that causes so-called chatter vibration due to resonance in the metal plate. Further, as in the invention according to claim 3, the metal plate It is optimal that vibrations with a natural period of the nth order (where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1) are applied, since more intense resonance occurs.

  Furthermore, for example, a motor rotor in an electric vehicle has a longer axial dimension than a motor rotor in a hybrid vehicle. For this reason, even if the vibration which the said metal plate resonates is added to the metal plate of the end surface of a rotor, it becomes difficult to make it vibrate effectively to an internal metal plate.

  In this respect, in the invention described in claim 5, since the cutting means is provided between the heating means and the vibration means, the cutting means causes the rotor to move in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction between the metal plates. It is possible to cope with this by cutting and dividing into a plurality of pieces.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows the heating apparatus in one Embodiment of the magnet collection | recovery equipment from the rotor of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the cooling device provided in the back | latter stage of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the cutting device provided in the back | latter stage of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the magnet collection | recovery apparatus provided in the back | latter stage of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the selection apparatus provided in the back | latter stage of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating one Embodiment of the magnet collection | recovery method from the rotor of this invention, and is a perspective view which shows the state which adhesive powder falls, when the vibration which this resonates is added to the metal plate of the end surface of a rotor . FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state where the rare earth magnet falls from the rotor following FIG. 6. It is a top view which shows the rotor shape of the motor of the hybrid vehicle used as object in the said embodiment of this invention.

Based on FIGS. 1-7, the magnet recovery method and magnet recovery equipment from the rotor according to the present invention are applied to, for example, the one for recovering the rare earth magnet 4 from the rotor 1 having the structure shown in FIG. A form is demonstrated.
Incidentally, the target rotor 1 has a cylindrical shape with an axial length of about 70 mm by joining a plurality of silicon steel plates (metal plates) 2 having a thickness of about 0.35 mm by caulking. The rare earth magnet 4 is fixed in the hole 3 by an adhesive 5 using a phenol-based resin which is a thermosetting resin.

  1 to 5 show the magnet recovery facility. The magnet recovery facility includes a heating device (heating means) 11 including an electric heating furnace 10 for heating the rotor 1, a cooling device 13 for cooling the rotor 1 heated by the heating device 11 with a cooling fan 12, and A cutting device (cutting means) 14 for cutting and dividing the cooled rotor 1, a magnet recovery device (vibration means) 15 for applying vibration to the cut rotor 1, and the recovered rare earth magnet 4 and adhesive 3 This is composed roughly of a sorting device 16 for sorting powder.

Next, an embodiment of a magnet recovery method using the magnet recovery facility will be described with reference to FIGS.
First, the rotor 1 is disposed in the heating furnace 10 of the heating device 11 shown in FIG. 1, and in the heating furnace 10, the Curie temperature of the rare earth magnet 4 and the ashing temperature of the adhesive 5 made of phenolic resin are exceeded. Is heated to a temperature of (for example, about 700 ° C.) to demagnetize the rare earth magnet 4 and ash the adhesive 5, and then sent to the cooling device 13 shown in FIG. Cooling.

  Next, the rotor 1 is attached to the cylinder-type feeding jig 17 of the cutting device 14 shown in FIG. 3, and after positioning the cylinder 17a, the cylinder 18a of the cutter 18 is advanced to move the rotor 1 to a silicon steel plate. By cutting in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction together with the rare earth magnet 4 inserted between 2, it is divided into those having a thickness of about 35 mm.

  Then, the rotor 1 thus cut is attached to a turntable 20 provided on the mounting table 19 of the magnet recovery device 15 shown in FIG. 4 so that the end surface of the rotor 1 is substantially horizontal. The turntable 20 rotates the rotor 1 stepwise around the axis at a predetermined rotation angle. Next, vibration that causes the silicon steel plate 2 to resonate by the air hammer 21 (for example, vibration of 3000 to 4000 times / minute) is applied to a predetermined position of the silicon steel plate 2 on the end face of the rotor 1 attached to the turntable 20.

  Then, first, as shown in FIG. 6, the inner wall of the hole 3 sways finely in the axial direction due to the fine reciprocating displacement in the out-of-plane direction of each silicon steel plate 2, and as a result, ashed in the hole 3 The adhesive 5 is unwound and becomes powdery and falls from the hole. Thereby, since the restraint of the rare earth magnet 4 in the hole 3 is released, the rare earth magnet 4 is sent out from the hole 3 in the axial direction as shown in FIG. It automatically detaches and falls in its original shape.

  Then, when all the rare earth magnets 4 have not fallen due to vibration from one place on the end face of the rotor 1, the rotor 1 is rotated around the axis by a predetermined rotation angle by the turntable 20, and again the above-mentioned Perform the process.

  Thereby, the aggregate 1a of only the silicon steel plate 2 from which the rare earth magnet 4 and the adhesive 5 are separated is recovered, and a mixture of the rare earth magnet 4 and the powder of the adhesive 5 is present at the bottom of the magnet recovery device 15. To be recovered. Then, next, the said mixture is dropped toward the outer periphery of the downward magnet pulley 22 from the hopper-shaped insertion port 16a provided in the ceiling part of the sorting apparatus 16. FIG. The magnet pulley 22 is a general-purpose one that rotates around the axis while the right half region 22a in the figure becomes a magnet and the magnetism is released when the left half region 22b is reached.

  As a result, the powder of the adhesive 5 that is not magnetically attracted in the magnet region 22a falls directly into the adhesive recovery box 23 below, and the rare earth magnet 4 magnetically attracted to the magnet pulley 22 in the magnet region 22a Then, with the release of the magnetism in the region 22b, it falls into the lower magnet recovery box 24 as it is. Thereby, selection with the rare earth magnet 4 and the adhesive agent 5 is performed.

  As described above, according to the magnet recovery equipment from the rotor configured as described above and the magnet recovery method using the same, the rotor 1 is heated to demagnetize the rare earth magnet 4 and to ash the adhesive 5. Later, the silicon steel plate 2 on the end face of the rotor 1 is subjected to vibration that causes the silicon steel plate 2 to resonate, and the inner wall of the hole 3 formed by the silicon steel plate 2 is shaken finely. And can be dropped from the hole 3 as a powder.

  As a result, since the rare earth magnet 4 that has been released from the restriction by the adhesive 5 in the hole 3 can be extracted from the hole 3 in a substantially unchanged shape, the plurality of silicon steel plates 2 are penetrated. The rare earth magnet 4 can be easily recovered from the rotor 1 in which the rare earth magnet 4 is incorporated and firmly fixed by the adhesive 5 made of a thermosetting resin.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, a cutting device 14 is provided in front of the magnet recovery device (vibration means) 15, and the cutter 18 of the cutting device 14 moves the rotor 1 between the silicon steel plates 2 in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction. Since it can be cut and divided into a plurality of parts, it can also be applied to a motor rotor for an electric vehicle that has a larger length in the axial direction than a rotor of a motor of a hybrid vehicle.

1 rotor 2 silicon steel plate (metal plate)
3 Hole 4 Rare earth magnet 5 Adhesive 10 Heating furnace 11 Heating device (heating means)
14 Cutting device (cutting means)
15 magnet recovery device (vibration means)
21 Air Hammer

Claims (5)

A plurality of annular plate-shaped metal plates are joined to form a cylindrical shape as a whole, and magnets are incorporated into holes penetrating between end faces formed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction by an adhesive. A method for recovering the magnet from a fixed rotor, comprising:
After the rotor is heated to the higher of the Curie temperature or the ashing temperature of the adhesive, the adhesive and the magnet are applied by applying a vibration that resonates the metal plate to the metal plate on the end surface of the rotor. The magnet is recovered from the hole, and the magnet is recovered from the rotor.   The method for recovering a magnet from a rotor according to claim 1, wherein the adjacent metal plates are joined to each other by caulking.   The method of recovering a magnet from a rotor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein vibration of an n-th order (n is an integer of 1 or more) natural period of the metal plate is applied to the metal plate. A plurality of annular plate-shaped metal plates are joined to form a cylindrical shape as a whole, and magnets are incorporated into holes penetrating between end faces formed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction by an adhesive. A facility for recovering the magnet from a fixed rotor,
Heating means for heating the rotor to the higher of the Curie temperature or the ashing temperature of the adhesive, and vibration that resonates the metal plate is applied to the metal plate on the end face of the rotor heated by the heating means. A magnet recovery facility from a rotor, comprising a vibration means.   5. The cutting means for cutting the rotor in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction between the metal plates and dividing it into a plurality of portions between the heating means and the vibration means. Magnet recovery equipment from the described rotor.