JP2011166967A - Magnet recovery unit - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a magnet recovery unit having a simple and inexpensive configuration capable of easily recovering permanent magnets from a rotor core. <P>SOLUTION: The magnet recovery unit 1 is formed by laminating a plurality of rotor core plates 11, has a through hole 12 penetrating in the laminating direction of the rotor core plate 11, and recovers the permanent magnets 20 from the rotor core 10 having the permanent magnets 20 housed in the inside thereof. This device includes a shaft 2 to support the rotor core 10 by being passed through the through hole 12, and a pressing machine 4 to press an outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 10. The shaft 2 includes a holding part 2a to hold the rotor core 10 at a fixed position of the shaft 2, and a notch 2b notched so that an inclined surface is formed along an axial direction of the shaft 2. The pressing machine 4 includes the inclined surface coinciding with the inclined surface of the notch 2b, both inclined surfaces press the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 10 while being opposed to each other via the rotor core 10, so that the rotor core 10 is deformed along the inclined surface of the notch 2b and the inclined surface of the pressing machine 4. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a magnet recovery apparatus that recovers a magnet from a rotor core that constitutes a rotor that forms part of an electric motor.

  Conventionally, as a rotor constituting a part of an electric motor, a rotor including a rotor core formed by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates and a plurality of permanent magnets housed in the rotor core is known.

  Since the permanent magnet used for the rotor as described above contains a rare metal such as dysprosium, it is required to collect the permanent magnet from the rotor to be disposed of and reuse the rare metal. It has been.

In Patent Document 1, after demagnetizing a permanent magnet housed in a rotor core that constitutes a rotor of an electric motor, the electric motor is pulverized, and the pulverized material is ferromagnetized and non-ferrous using a magnetic separator. A technique for classifying a class is disclosed.
However, it is difficult to recover only the permanent magnet from the rotor core, and an apparatus for crushing the electric motor, a magnetic separator, and the like are necessary, which is disadvantageous in that the equipment is increased in size and the cost is increased.

  As described above, since there is no method for easily recovering the permanent magnet housed in the rotor core constituting the rotor and reusing the rare metal, the permanent magnet recovers iron from the molten rotor. The fact is that it is discarded as a residue.

JP 2001-110636 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a magnet recovery device that can easily recover a permanent magnet from a rotor core with a simple and inexpensive configuration.

  The magnet recovery device of the present invention is formed by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates, has a through-hole penetrating in the laminating direction of the electromagnetic steel plates, and includes a plurality of permanent magnets from a rotor core in which a plurality of permanent magnets are accommodated. A magnet recovery device for recovering the rotor core, wherein an external force is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core so that a force in a direction perpendicular to the lamination direction of the electromagnetic steel sheets is applied to the rotor core, and a plurality of the rotor cores are formed. An external force applying means for releasing the laminated state of the electromagnetic steel sheets is provided.

  In the magnet recovery apparatus of the present invention, the external force applying means shifts the relative positions of adjacent electromagnetic steel sheets among the plurality of electromagnetic steel sheets forming the rotor core in a direction orthogonal to the stacking direction of the electromagnetic steel sheets. A deformation means for deforming the rotor core is preferable.

  The magnet recovery apparatus of the present invention further includes a first shaft that supports the rotor core by passing through the through-hole of the rotor core, and the first shaft holds the rotor core in a fixed position of the first shaft. And a notched portion that is notched so that an inclined surface is formed along the axial direction of the first shaft, and the notched portion is held at a fixed position on the first shaft by the holding portion. The deforming means is a pressing means that presses the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core, and the pressing means is an inclined surface that matches the inclined surface of the notch portion. The inclined surface of the notch and the inclined surface of the pressing means are opposed to each other via the rotor core so that the inclined surface of the notched portion and the inclined surface of the pressing means are brought close to each other. The outer peripheral surface of the rotor core is pressed by moving, and along the inclined surface of the notch portion and the inclined surface of the pressing means, the relative electromagnetic steel plates adjacent to each other among the plurality of electromagnetic steel plates forming the rotor core. It is preferable that the rotor core is deformed by shifting the position in a direction perpendicular to the laminating direction of the electromagnetic steel sheets.

  In the magnet recovery apparatus of the present invention, the magnet recovery device further includes a second shaft that supports the rotor core by passing through the through-hole of the rotor core, and the external force imparting unit is configured to support the rotor core supported by the second shaft. It is preferable that the striking means applies impact force by intermittently colliding with the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core so that a force in a direction perpendicular to the laminating direction of the electromagnetic steel sheets is applied.

  According to the present invention, the permanent magnet can be easily recovered from the rotor core with a simple and inexpensive configuration, and the recovered permanent magnet can be reused.

Schematic which shows the magnet collection | recovery apparatus which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows a rotor core. Sectional drawing which shows the holding | maintenance part and notch part of a shaft. The figure which shows a mode that a rotor core deform | transforms with a press and a pulverized permanent magnet falls to a collection container. Schematic which shows the magnet collection | recovery apparatus which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows a mode that a rotor core plate isolate | separates with an air hammer and the pulverized permanent magnet falls to a collection container.

[First embodiment]
Below, with reference to FIGS. 1-4, the magnet collection apparatus 1 which is 1st embodiment of the magnet collection apparatus which concerns on this invention is demonstrated.
The magnet recovery apparatus 1 is an apparatus that recovers a plurality of permanent magnets 20, 20... Accommodated inside the rotor core 10.
In the following, the vertical direction in FIG. 1 is defined as the vertical direction of the magnet recovery apparatus 1 and coincides with the vertical direction. Further, the left-right direction in FIG. 1 is the left-right direction of the magnet collection device 1, the front side in FIG. 1 is the front side of the magnet collection device 1, and the back side is also the back side of the magnet collection device 1.

As shown in FIG. 2, the rotor core 10 is a substantially cylindrical member formed by laminating a plurality of disk-shaped rotor core plates 11, 11.
The rotor core plate 11 is a magnetic steel plate formed in a disk shape.

The rotor core 10 is formed with a through hole 12 and a plurality of magnet housing holes penetrating in the axial direction of the rotor core 10 (in the stacking direction of the rotor core plate 11). The rotor (rotor) is configured by being fixed and housing the permanent magnets 20 in the plurality of magnet housing holes, respectively. That is, the rotor core 10 is obtained by removing members such as the rotating shaft from the rotor (rotor).
The through hole 12 is a hole formed so as to penetrate the rotor core 10 in the axial direction, and is disposed concentrically with the axial center of the rotor core 10.

  The permanent magnet 20 is a permanent magnet made of a magnetic material such as ferrite, and is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The permanent magnet 20 is inserted into the magnet accommodation hole formed in the rotor core 10 and fixed with an appropriate adhesive.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the magnet recovery apparatus 1 includes a shaft 2, a shaft support 3, 3, a pressing machine 4, a recovery container 5, and a dust collector 6.

The shaft 2 is a bar for installing the rotor core 10. Both ends of the shaft 2 are fixed to the shaft support 3 so that the axis of the shaft 2 is parallel to the left-right direction, that is, horizontal.
The outer diameter of the shaft 2 is set to be slightly smaller than the diameter of the through hole 12 of the rotor core 10. By passing the shaft 2 through the through hole 12, the axial direction of the shaft 2 matches the stacking direction of the rotor core plate 11. In this state, the rotor core 10 is supported by the shaft 2.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the shaft 2 has a holding part 2a and a notch part 2b.

The holding part 2 a is a part formed so that a part of the shaft 2 is expanded in diameter, and holds the rotor core 10 at a fixed position on the shaft 2. The holding portion 2a is set to have an outer diameter larger than the diameter of the through hole 12 of the rotor core 10, and the axial direction of the rotor core 10 prevents the rotor core 10 installed on the shaft 2 from moving beyond the holding portion 2a. Restrict movement to Therefore, the rotor core 10 can be held at a fixed position on the shaft 2 by moving the shaft 2 through the through hole 12 of the rotor core 10 until the rotor core 10 contacts the holding portion 2a.
In the present embodiment, the shaft 2 is passed through the through hole 12 of the rotor core 10 from the left end side and the rotor core 10 is brought into contact with the holding portion 2a, so that the right end surface of the rotor core 10 and the left end surface of the holding portion 2a are in contact with each other. The rotor core 10 is arranged at the position.

The notch 2 b is a part of the shaft 2 that is partially missing. The notch 2 b is not formed so that an inclined surface is formed along the axial direction of the shaft 2, and is arranged in accordance with the installation position of the rotor core 10 in the shaft 2 so as to be positioned in the through hole 12 of the rotor core 10. Has been.
Specifically, the notch 2b is an outer peripheral surface located on the upper side of the shaft 2 in a state where the rotor core 10 is installed on the shaft 2 so as to contact the left end surface of the holding portion 2a, and the left end of the rotor core 10 on the shaft 2 From the portion where the surface is located to the portion where the right end surface of the rotor core 10 (the left end surface of the holding portion 2a) is located, the shape is lacking so as to incline linearly downward.
That is, the notch portion 2b is such that the inclined surface formed from the portion of the shaft 2 where the left end surface of the rotor core 10 is located to the portion where the right end surface of the rotor core 10 (left end surface of the holding portion 2a) is located is located on the upper side. Has been placed.

As shown in FIG. 1, the shaft support bases 3 are members for supporting the shaft 2 horizontally.
One shaft support 3 is fixed to the left end of the shaft 2, and the other shaft support 3 is fixed to the right end of the shaft 2.
The shaft 2 is fixed to the shaft support bases 3 and 3, but is removable from the shaft support bases 3 and 3 in order to install the rotor core 10 through the through holes 12 of the rotor core 10.

The pressing machine 4 functions as a pressing means for pressing the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 10, and can be moved in the vertical direction (up and down direction) by a driving device such as a hydraulic cylinder. The pressing machine 4 is arranged above the rotor core 10 installed on the shaft 2 in accordance with the position of the rotor core 10 in the axial direction (left-right direction) and the position of the rotor core 10 in the front-rear direction.
The length of the pressing machine 4 in the left-right direction is set to be approximately the same as the length of the rotor core 10 in the axial direction (left-right direction), and the length of the pressing machine 4 in the front-rear direction is the outer diameter of the rotor core 10 (front-rear direction). The length is set to the same level.

  Moreover, the lower end part of the pressing machine 4 is formed with an inclined surface that matches the inclined surface of the notch 2b. That is, the inclined surface of the pressing machine 4 is parallel to the inclined surface of the notch portion 2 b, and the inclined surface of the pressing machine 4 and the inclined surface of the notch portion 2 b are opposed to each other via the rotor core 10. .

The pressing machine 4 is moved downward toward the rotor core 10 by the driving device, thereby pressing the outer peripheral surface located on the upper side of the rotor core 10 downward.
Specifically, since an inclined surface that is parallel to the inclined surface of the notch 2b is formed at the lower end portion of the pressing machine 4, when the pressing machine 4 is moved downward by the driving device, the rotor core 10 The rotor core plate 11 positioned at the left end of the rotor core 10 is pressed downward by the pressing machine 4 in order from the rotor core plate 11 positioned at the right end.

As shown in FIG. 4, the rotor core 10 pressed by the pressing machine 4 is in contact with the outer peripheral surfaces of all the rotor core plates 11, 11. The inner peripheral surfaces of all the rotor core plates 11, 11... Constituting the rotor core 10 and the inclined surfaces of the cutout portions 2 b of the shaft 2 are brought into contact with each other and deformed. That is, the pressing machine 4 relatively shifted the vertical position of the plurality of rotor core plates 11, 11... Constituting the rotor core 10 along the inclined surface of the notch 2 b and the inclined surface of the pressing machine 4. State.
The adjacent rotor core plates 11 are displaced in the vertical direction, so that the plurality of rotor core plates 11, 11... Constituting the rotor core 10 are separated from each other (laminated state is released), and in the interior of the rotor core 10 (magnet housing hole). A plurality of permanent magnets 20, 20... Accommodated along the stacking direction of the rotor core plate 11 (the axial direction of the rotor core 10) are pulverized, detached from the rotor core 10, and dropped into the collection container 5.

As described above, in a state in which the plurality of separated rotor core plates 11, 11... Are supported by the shaft 2, only the permanent magnet 20 can be dropped into the collection container 5, and the plurality of permanent magnets can be easily removed from the rotor core 10. 20 · 20 ··· can be recovered.
In addition, the inclination angle of the inclined surface of the notch 2b and the inclined surface of the pressing machine 4 is not limited, and the adjacent rotor core plates 11 are displaced in the vertical direction to form a plurality of rotor core plates 11. 11 are peeled from each other (laminated state is released), and a plurality of permanent magnets 20, 20... Housed in the rotor core 10 (magnet housing holes) are pulverized and detached from the rotor core 10. That's fine.
Moreover, in this embodiment, although the shape of the inclined surface of the notch part 2b and the inclined surface of the pressing machine 4 was formed so that it might incline linearly, it is not limited to this. That is, the “inclined surface” is a surface whose height (length in the vertical direction) varies along the axial direction of the shaft 2, and the adjacent rotor core plates 11 are displaced in the vertical direction to form the rotor core 10. The plurality of rotor core plates 11, 11,... Are peeled off from each other (laminated state is released), and the plurality of permanent magnets 20, 20 ... housed in the rotor core 10 (magnet housing holes) are crushed. It is set appropriately according to the thickness (length in the left-right direction) of the rotor core plate 11 so as to be detached from the rotor core 10.
Further, the plurality of rotor core plates 11, 11... Constituting the rotor core 10 do not have to be separated from each other and the rotor core plates 11 need to be independent, and a plurality of pieces accommodated inside the rotor core 10 (magnet accommodation holes). It is sufficient that the permanent magnets 20, 20... Are crushed and detached from the rotor core 10. That is, “releasing the stacked state” of the rotor core plate 11 includes deformation of the rotor core 10 in which each rotor core plate 11 is not in a completely independent state.
Moreover, in this embodiment, although the adjacent rotor core plates 11 were shifted up and down by the pressing machine 4, if it is a direction orthogonal to the lamination direction of the rotor core plate 11 (axial direction of the rotor core 10), adjacent rotor cores The direction in which the plates 11 are shifted is not limited.

The collection container 5 is a container for collecting the permanent magnet 20 detached from the rotor core 10. The collection container 5 has an open top surface and is disposed below the rotor core 10 installed on the shaft 2.
The plurality of permanent magnets 20, 20... Crushed by the pressing of the rotor core 10 by the pressing machine 4 and detached from the rotor core 10 fall into the collection container 5 through the opened upper surface of the collection container 5. In this way, the plurality of permanent magnets 20, 20... Are collected by the collection container 5, and the collected permanent magnets 20 are reused.

The dust collector 6 is a member that discharges dust inside the collection container 5 to the outside. The dust collector 6 is disposed in the vicinity of the drop position of the permanent magnet 20 crushed by the pressing of the rotor core 10 by the pressing machine 4.
When the plurality of permanent magnets 20, 20... Housed in the rotor core 10 (magnet housing holes) are crushed and dropped into the collection container 5 by the pressing of the rotor core 10 by the pressing machine 4, Dust is generated. Therefore, the dust is sucked by the dust collector 6 and discharged outside (outside the working environment).
Thereby, deterioration of the working environment due to the dust of the permanent magnet 20 can be prevented.

  As described above, the magnet recovery apparatus 1 includes the shaft 2, the shaft support 3, 3, the pressing machine 4, the recovery container 5, and the dust collector 6, and the apparatus for crushing the rotor core 10 and the magnetic force sorting. Since a machine or the like is not required, it can be configured simply and inexpensively.

[Second Embodiment]
Below, with reference to FIGS. 5-6, the magnet collection apparatus 100 which is 2nd embodiment of the magnet collection apparatus which concerns on this invention is demonstrated.
The magnet recovery device 100 is a device that recovers a plurality of permanent magnets 20, 20... Accommodated inside the rotor core 10.
In the following description, the vertical direction in FIG. 5 is defined as the vertical direction of the magnet recovery apparatus 100 and coincides with the vertical direction. Further, the left-right direction in FIG. 5 is the left-right direction of the magnet collection device 100, the front side in FIG. 5 is the front side of the magnet collection device 100, and the back side is also the back side of the magnet collection device 100.
Moreover, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part which is common with the magnet collection | recovery apparatus 1, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the magnet recovery apparatus 100 includes a shaft 102, shaft support bases 3, 3, an air hammer 104, a recovery container 5, and a dust collector 6.

The shaft 102 is a bar for installing the rotor core 10. Each end of the shaft 102 is fixed to the shaft support 3 so that the axis of the shaft 102 is parallel to the left-right direction, that is, horizontal.
The outer diameter of the shaft 102 is set to be slightly smaller than the diameter of the through hole 12 of the rotor core 10. By passing the shaft 102 through the through hole 12, the axial direction of the shaft 102 matches the stacking direction of the rotor core plate 11. In this state, the rotor core 10 is supported by the shaft 102.
As described above, the shaft 102 is configured in substantially the same manner as the shaft 2, but unlike the shaft 2, the shaft 102 does not have the holding portion 2 a and the notch portion 2 b.

The air hammer 104 functions as a hitting means for intermittently applying an impact force to the rotor core 10.
The air hammer 104 has a main body portion 104a and a vibration portion 104b.

  The main body 104a is a part that is gripped by an operator or an appropriate device in order to move the air hammer 104 to a predetermined position. That is, the air hammer 104 can be moved to a predetermined position manually or automatically.

  The vibration unit 104b is a part that reciprocates (vibrates) in the vertical direction (vertical direction) by compressed air supplied from an appropriate compressed air supply device. The vibrating portion 104 b is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 10 from above the rotor core 10, thereby intermittently colliding with the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 10 and intermittently applying an impact force to the rotor core 10 in the downward direction.

As shown in FIG. 6, the air hammer 104 is moved above the rotor core 10 in the left-right range where the rotor core 10 is provided, and is positioned on the upper side of the plurality of stacked rotor core plates 11, 11... (Rotor core 10). A downward impact force is intermittently applied to the outer peripheral surface.
... (Rotor core 10) laminated with the air hammer 104 intermittently in the downward direction, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the lamination direction of the rotor core plate 11 (axial direction of the rotor core 10). Since the plurality of laminated rotor core plates 11, 11... Are peeled from each other (the laminated state is released), the inside of the laminated plurality of rotor core plates 11. In the hole), the plurality of permanent magnets 20, 20... Housed along the stacking direction of the rotor core plate 11 (the axial direction of the rotor core 10) is pulverized to form a plurality of stacked rotor core plates 11. Detach from the rotor core 10) and fall into the collection vessel 5.
Until the rotor core plates 11 finally become independent (laminated state is released), the air hammer 104 continues to strike the plurality of laminated rotor core plates 11.

As described above, only the permanent magnet 20 can be dropped into the collection container 5 in a state where the plurality of separated rotor core plates 11, 11... Are supported by the shaft 102, and the plurality of permanent magnets can be easily removed from the rotor core 10. 20 · 20 ··· can be recovered.
The outer diameter of the shaft 102 is appropriately set so that the rotor core plate 11 is separated in a short time by hitting the rotor core 10 with the air hammer 104.
Further, in the present embodiment, the plurality of rotor core plates 11, 11... (Rotor core 10) that are stacked by contacting the plurality of rotor core plates 11, 11. The impact force is intermittently applied downward with respect to the rotor core plate 11, but if the direction is orthogonal to the stacking direction of the rotor core plate 11 (the axial direction of the rotor core 10), a plurality of stacked rotor core plates 11, 11,. The direction in which the impact force is applied to the rotor core 10) does not matter.

As the air hammer 104, a commercially available air hammer can be applied.
Thereby, the cost of the magnet collection | recovery apparatus 100 can be reduced.
Moreover, in this embodiment, although the air hammer 104 was applied as a striking means, it is not limited to this. For example, as the striking means, a plate material along the axial direction of the rotor core 10 and a vibrator that vibrates the plate material in the vertical direction are applied, and the plate material is placed on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core 10 on the upper side by the vibrator. It is good also as a structure made to collide intermittently.

  As described above, the magnet recovery device 100 includes the shaft 102, the shaft support 3, 3, the air hammer 104, the recovery container 5, and the dust collector 6, an apparatus for crushing the rotor core 10, and a magnetic separator. Etc. are not required, and can be configured simply and inexpensively.

In order to prevent the pulverized permanent magnet 20 from being attracted to the rotor core 10 (rotor core plate 11) and being prevented from falling onto the collection container 5, demagnetization is performed on the permanent magnet 20 in advance. Is preferred.
Further, the configuration of the rotor core (location of permanent magnets, etc.) is not limited, and the present invention can be applied if a through-hole for passing a shaft is provided.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Magnet collection | recovery apparatus 2 Shaft 2a Flange part 2b Notch 3 Shaft support stand 4 Press 5 Recovery container 6 Dust collector 10 Rotor core 11 Rotor core plate 12 Through-hole 20 Permanent magnet

Claims (4)

A magnet recovery device configured to collect a plurality of permanent magnets from a rotor core that is formed by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates, has a through-hole penetrating in the laminating direction of the electromagnetic steel plates, and accommodates a plurality of permanent magnets therein. And
Applying external force to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core so that a force in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the electromagnetic steel plates is applied to the rotor core, and applying external force to release the stacked state of the plurality of electromagnetic steel plates forming the rotor core Magnet recovery apparatus comprising means.   The external force imparting means is a deformation means for deforming the rotor core by shifting the relative positions of adjacent electromagnetic steel sheets among the plurality of electromagnetic steel sheets forming the rotor core in a direction perpendicular to the lamination direction of the electromagnetic steel sheets. The magnet collection | recovery apparatus of Claim 1. Further comprising a first shaft that supports the rotor core by passing through the through hole of the rotor core;
The first shaft includes a holding portion that holds the rotor core in a fixed position of the first shaft, and a notch portion that is notched so that an inclined surface is formed along the axial direction of the first shaft.
The notch is disposed so as to be positioned in the through hole of the rotor core in a state of being held at a fixed position on the first shaft by the holding portion,
The deformation means is a pressing means for pressing the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core,
The pressing means has an inclined surface that matches the inclined surface of the notch,
The rotor core is moved by moving the inclined surface of the notch portion and the inclined surface of the pressing means close to each other in a state where the inclined surface of the notch portion and the inclined surface of the pressing means face each other via the rotor core. Press the outer peripheral surface of
A direction orthogonal to the laminating direction of the electromagnetic steel sheets along the inclined surfaces of the notches and the inclined surfaces of the pressing means, the relative positions of the adjacent electromagnetic steel sheets among the plurality of electromagnetic steel sheets forming the rotor core. The magnet recovery apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotor core is deformed by shifting the position. A second shaft that supports the rotor core by passing through the through-hole of the rotor core;
The external force imparting means intermittently collides with the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core so that a force in a direction perpendicular to the lamination direction of the electromagnetic steel sheets is applied to the rotor core supported by the second shaft. The magnet recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet recovery device is a striking unit that applies force.

Images