JP2015155597A - tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel excavator capable of preventing vibration damage to surrounding area by reducing excavation vibrations generated during excavating.

SOLUTION: The tunnel excavator includes: an excavator body 11 having a cylindrical shape; a cutter head 15 which is rotatably supported at the front part of the excavator body 11; many roller cutters 16 which are mounted on the cutter head 15 for excavating a working face on the soil; and an exciter 31 that generates reverse phase vibrations which has reverse phase with respect to the excavation vibrations generated when the roller cutters 16 excavate the working face, and transfers the generated reverse phase vibrations to the roller cutters 16 via at least one of the cutter head 15 and the soil.

COPYRIGHT: (C)2015,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator that reduces excavation vibration generated when excavating the ground.

  Generally, in a tunnel excavator, by rotating a cutter head, a cutter (cutter bit and roller cutter) mounted on the cutter head excavates a face on the ground. At this time, especially when the ground to be excavated is hard ground such as bedrock, or when the excavation depth is shallow, vibration and noise generated when the cutter excavates the face, such as housing and underground facilities on the surface. The surrounding area may be adversely affected.

  Thus, various devices have been provided for the purpose of suppressing vibration damage and noise damage to the surroundings. And as such an apparatus, it is disclosed by patent document 1, for example.

JP 2013-221307 A

  Here, in the above-mentioned conventional apparatus, vibration countermeasures are directly applied to the vibration generation source. On the other hand, in the tunnel excavator, the vibration generating source is a cutter, and this cutter is not only scattered at the front part of the rotating cutter head but also directly in contact with the face. . In other words, in a tunnel excavator, it is very difficult to directly take measures against vibrations on the cutter that comes into contact with the face.

  Accordingly, the present invention solves the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a tunnel excavator that can prevent vibration damage to the surrounding area by reducing excavation vibration generated during excavation. .

The tunnel excavator according to the first invention for solving the above-described problems is
A cylindrical excavator body,
A cutter head rotatably supported at the front of the excavator body;
A number of cutters mounted on the cutter head and excavating the face in the ground,
An anti-phase vibration having an anti-phase with respect to excavation vibration generated when the cutter excavates the face is generated, and the generated anti-phase vibration is transmitted to the cutter via at least one of the cutter head and the ground. And a vibration means for transmission.

The tunnel excavator according to the second invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is
A partition wall provided behind the cutter head and in the excavator body, and rotatably supporting the cutter head;
A chamber formed by the cutter head and the partition wall and storing excavated excavated earth and sand;
The vibration means transmits the anti-phase vibration generated by vibrating the partition wall to the cutter via excavated earth and sand and the cutter head stored in the chamber.

A tunnel excavator according to a third invention for solving the above-described problem is
A partition wall provided behind the cutter head and in the excavator body, and rotatably supporting the cutter head;
A chamber defined by the cutter head and the partition wall and storing excavated sediment;
A stirring blade for stirring the excavated sediment stored in the chamber by being supported by the cutter head and disposed in the chamber;
The vibration means is provided in the stirring blade,
The vibration means transmits the anti-phase vibration generated by vibrating the cutter head to the cutter.

A tunnel excavator according to a fourth invention for solving the above-described problem is
The excitation means is provided so as to be able to appear in and out of the outer peripheral surface of the excavator body
The vibration means transmits an antiphase vibration generated by exciting a tunnel inner wall surface formed by excavating a face to the cutter via the ground.

A tunnel excavator according to a fifth invention for solving the above-described problem is
The vibration means is
A sliding contact member capable of sliding in the tunnel axial direction with respect to the inner wall surface of the tunnel;
The inner wall surface of the tunnel is vibrated by the sliding contact member.

A tunnel excavator according to a sixth invention for solving the above-described problem is
The magnitude of the antiphase vibration generated by the exciting means is set according to the magnitude of the response vibration received by the receiving point when the excavation vibration propagates to the receiving point on the ground surface. .

  Therefore, according to the tunnel excavator according to the present invention, the anti-phase vibration having an anti-phase with respect to the excavation vibration generated when the cutter excavates the face is generated. Excavation vibration can be reduced by transmitting to the cutter via at least one of the ground. Thereby, the vibration damage to surrounding areas, such as a surface housing and underground facilities, can be prevented.

It is the figure which showed a mode that the tunnel excavator which concerns on this invention digs in the ground. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main body front part in the tunnel excavator which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main body front part in the tunnel excavator which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main body front part in the tunnel excavator which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is AA arrow sectional drawing of FIG.

  Hereinafter, a tunnel excavator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, for example, a tunnel T excavated by a tunnel excavator 1 according to the present invention passes directly under a residential area. A large number of houses H are built on the ground surface S located above the tunnel T.

  Therefore, since the tunnel excavator 1 excavates the tunnel T very close to the house H or the like, the influence of excavation vibration generated when excavating the ground (face) to the house H is A configuration that does not reach is adopted.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the tunnel excavator 1 includes a cylindrical excavator body 11. A bulkhead 12 serving as a partition wall is provided in the front end portion of the excavator body 11, and a ring-shaped rotating body 13 is rotatably supported by the bulkhead 12.

  A plurality of connecting arms 14 are supported at the front portion of the rotating body 13 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotating body, and a disc-shaped cutter head 15 is connected to the tips of the connecting arms 14. . A large number of roller cutters 16 are rotatably mounted on the front surface of the cutter head 15, and the roller cutters 16 serve as cutting tools for excavating the face on the ground. On the other hand, an outer ring gear 17 is provided coaxially with the rotating body 13 at the rear portion of the rotating body 13.

  The bulk head 12 is provided with a cutter rotating motor 18. A drive gear 19 is attached to the shaft tip of the cutter rotating motor 18, and the drive gear 19 is engaged with the ring gear 17.

  Accordingly, by rotating the cutter rotating motor 18, the rotation of the drive gear 19 can be transmitted from the ring gear 17 to the rotating body 13, so that the cutter head 15 can be rotated. Thus, the face can be excavated on the ground by the roller cutter 16 attached to the cutter head 15.

  Further, as described above, the bulk head 12 and the cutter head 15 are disposed opposite to each other in the tunnel front-rear direction (tunnel axial direction), so that the chamber 20 is defined between the bulk head 12 and the cutter head 15. Will be formed. The chamber 20 is a space (chamber) for temporarily storing excavated earth and sand (sludge). In the chamber 20, excavated earth and sand generated by excavation of the roller cutter 16 is collected. It is taken in via a slot (not shown).

  Furthermore, the screw conveyor 21 is provided in the excavator body 11 so as to be inclined upward as it goes from the front end portion to the rear end portion. The front end portion of the screw conveyor 21 passes through the bulkhead 12 and is disposed in the chamber 20.

  Therefore, by driving the screw conveyor 21, the excavated earth and sand accumulated in the chamber 20 can be discharged toward the rear of the excavator body 11 by the rotational drive of the screw conveyor 21.

  Here, a cylindrical support member 32 having a cylindrical shape is attached to the rear surface of the bulkhead 12 in a state where the open end 32a is in close contact with the rear surface. A servo drive type vibrator (vibration means) 31 is housed and supported in the cylindrical support member 32. This vibrator 31 moves the vibration rod 31a in the rod axis direction (tunnel axis direction). By virtue of sliding, the bulkhead 12 can be vibrated (an antiphase vibration described later).

  Further, the phase (waveform) of vibration generated by the vibrator 31 is opposite to the phase (waveform) of excavation vibration generated when the roller cutter 16 excavates the face. That is, the exciter 31 transmits an anti-phase vibration (cancellation vibration) having a phase opposite to the excavation vibration to the roller cutter 16 serving as a vibration generation source via the cutter head 15, thereby excavating vibration. Is to be offset.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, a large number of houses H are built on the ground surface S located above the tunnel construction section, and excavation vibration is caused to the house H existing on the ground surface S through the ground. Will be propagated. At this time, in the process of propagation to the house H, the excavation vibration depends on the soil quality (hardness, etc.) of the ground, the distance between the roller cutter 16 that is the vibration source and the house H that is the receiving point, etc. Tends to decay. That is, the response vibration received by the house H when the excavation vibration propagates to the house H is not less than the excavation vibration immediately after the occurrence, and is a small vibration.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, a vibration detection sensor (detection means) 40 is installed on the ground surface S (residential area) or the house H, and the vibration detection sensor 40 can detect the response vibration received by the house H. . Then, considering vibration countermeasures for the house H, when the vibrator 31 is driven and vibrated, the phase of excavation vibration is reversed according to the magnitude of the response vibration detected by the vibration detection sensor 40. The magnitude of the antiphase vibration may be set. That is, the vibrator 31 transmits the antiphase vibration to the roller cutter 16 via the cutter head 15 so that the response vibration is reduced.

  Further, the response vibration detection by the vibration detection sensor 40 may be always performed in the tunnel construction section (period) in which the house H receives the response vibration, or may be performed only at the start position of the tunnel construction section. Further, when the ground type changes in the tunnel construction section, not only the start position but also the response vibration may be detected by the vibration detection sensor 40 every time the ground type changes.

  In addition, before tunnel construction, the soil quality around the house H is previously investigated by a borehole survey or the like, and the magnitude of the response vibration is obtained based on the soil survey result. Next, the magnitude of the antiphase vibration generated by the vibrator 31 may be set according to the magnitude of the response vibration. Thereby, even if it does not provide the vibration detection sensor 40, the response vibration which the house H receives can be reduced.

  Accordingly, when the tunnel T is constructed by the tunnel excavator 1, the excavator body 11 is advanced by rotating the cutter head 15 by driving the cutter rotating motor 18. As a result, the large number of roller cutters 16 mounted on the rotating cutter head 15 excavate the face on the ground.

  Further, the excavated earth and sand generated by the ground excavation described above fills the chamber 20 through the earth and sand intake of the cutter head 15, and the chamber 20 is filled with the predetermined excavated earth and sand by a predetermined amount. Maintained at pressure. Then, the excavated earth and sand filled in the chamber 20 is discharged toward the rear of the tunnel by the rotational drive of the screw conveyor 21.

  That is, in the tunnel excavator 1, the excavated soil is filled in the chamber 20 and discharged while maintaining the chamber 20 at a predetermined pressure, so that the face is stabilized while the face is stabilized. 16 excavates.

  Further, as described above, when the roller cutter 16 excavates the face, excavation vibration is generated. When the tunnel excavator 1 reaches the tunnel construction section where the residential area is located above, the exciter 31 is driven and the antiphase vibration is transmitted to the roller cutter 16, so that the excavation vibration is reduced. .

  At this time, the vibrating rod 31 of the vibrator 31 vibrates the bulkhead 12 having a disk shape, and the bulkhead 12 vibrates like a drum. Thereby, the antiphase vibration generated by the vibrator 31 is not only transmitted from the bulk head 12 to the cutter head 15 via the rotating body 13 and the connection beam, but also from the bulk head 12 to the inside of the chamber 20. Is transferred to the cutter head 15 through the excavated earth and sand accumulated in

  Accordingly, since the antiphase vibration can be transmitted uniformly to the entire area of the cutter head 15, the antiphase vibration can be transmitted even when a large number of roller cutters 16 are scattered on the front surface of the cutter head 15. The excavation vibration generated from 16 can be efficiently interfered. Therefore, since excavation vibration generated during excavation can be reduced, vibration damage to the surrounding area can be prevented.

  Further, by setting the magnitude of the antiphase vibration generated by the vibrator 31 to such an extent that the response vibration detected by the vibration detection sensor 40 is reduced, the magnitude of the antiphase vibration is larger than necessary. Therefore, the size of the vibrator 31 can be reduced.

  In the first embodiment described above, the installation position (excitation position) of the vibrator 31 is a position at which the bulkhead 12 can vibrate, but may be the installation position shown in FIGS. 3 to 5. Absent.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of cylindrical stirring blades 33 are attached to the front inner surface of the cutter head 15 in a state where the open end 33a is in close contact with the front inner surface. ing. That is, the stirring blade 33 is disposed so as to project from the inner surface of the front portion of the cutter head 15 through the inside of the cutter head 15 and protrude into the chamber 20, and the excavated sediment stored in the chamber 20 is removed. , Stirring is possible.

  An agitator 31 is housed and supported in the agitating blade 33. The exciter 31 slides the excitation rod 31a in the rod axis direction (tunnel axis direction), thereby cutting the cutter head 15. In contrast, an antiphase vibration can be given.

  Thus, by providing the vibration exciter 31 in the stirring blade 33 supported by the cutter head 15, the vibration exciter 31 can be disposed close to the roller cutter 16 serving as a vibration generation source. Therefore, the excavation vibration generated from the roller cutter 16 can be reliably and efficiently reduced.

  4 and 5, a plurality of cylindrical support members 32 are supported at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction of the excavator body 11 behind the bulkhead 12 in the excavator body 11. . Each cylindrical support member 32 is disposed so as to extend in the radial direction of the excavator body 11, and each opening end 32 a opens toward the radially outer side of the excavator body 11.

  The vibrator 31 is housed and supported in the cylindrical support member 32, and a movable sled (sliding contact member) 34 is attached to the tip of the vibration rod 31a. Therefore, the vibration exciter 31 slides the vibration rod 31a in the rod axial direction (tunnel radial direction), that is, by moving the movable sled 34 in and out of the outer peripheral surface of the excavator body 11, Antiphase vibrations can be applied to the inner wall surface (tunnel inner peripheral surface, ground).

  At this time, the movable sled 34 gives antiphase vibration to the inner wall surface of the tunnel T. However, the outer surface of the movable sled 34 can be slidably contacted with the inner wall surface of the tunnel T in the tunnel axis direction. . Thereby, even when the movable sled 34 of the exciter 31 comes into contact with the inner wall surface of the tunnel T during the excavation of the tunnel excavator 1, the movable sled 34 slides on the inner wall surface of the tunnel T. (Vibration) does not become resistance to excavation.

  Therefore, the antiphase vibration generated by the vibrator 31 can be transmitted to the roller cutter 16 through the ground. Therefore, since excavation vibration generated during excavation can be reduced, vibration damage to the surrounding area can be prevented.

  In the first to third embodiments described above, the vibration position by the vibration exciter 31 is the bulk head 12, the cutter head 15, or the inner wall surface of the tunnel T, respectively. The vibrator 31 may be installed so that at least one of the vibration positions can be vibrated.

  Further, in the third embodiment, the inner wall surface of the tunnel T is vibrated by the movable sled 34 attached to the vibration rod 31 of the vibration exciter 31, but the propulsion reaction force is generated from the inner wall surface of the tunnel T. A propulsion device (gripper device) that can be obtained may be used as the vibration means, and the inner wall surface of the tunnel T may be vibrated by the gripper (sliding contact member) of the propulsion device.

  The present invention can be applied to a tunnel excavator for the purpose of reducing noise generated when excavating the ground.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel excavator 11 Excavator main body 12 Bulk head 13 Rotating body 14 Connecting arm 15 Cutter head 16 Roller cutter 17 Ring gear 18 Cutter rotating motor 19 Drive gear 20 Chamber 21 Screw conveyor 31 Exciter 32 Cylindrical support member 33 Stirring blade 34 Movable sled 40 Vibration detection sensor T Tunnel S Ground surface H House

Claims (6)

A cylindrical excavator body,
A cutter head rotatably supported at the front of the excavator body;
A number of cutters mounted on the cutter head and excavating the face in the ground,
An anti-phase vibration having an anti-phase with respect to excavation vibration generated when the cutter excavates the face is generated, and the generated anti-phase vibration is transmitted to the cutter via at least one of the cutter head and the ground. A tunnel excavator characterized in that it comprises vibration transmitting means for transmission. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1,
A partition wall provided behind the cutter head and in the excavator body, and rotatably supporting the cutter head;
A chamber formed by the cutter head and the partition wall and storing excavated excavated earth and sand;
The exciter means transmits the antiphase vibration generated by exciting the partition wall to the cutter via the excavated earth and sand and the cutter head stored in the chamber. Machine. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1,
A partition wall provided behind the cutter head and in the excavator body, and rotatably supporting the cutter head;
A chamber defined by the cutter head and the partition wall and storing excavated sediment;
A stirring blade for stirring the excavated sediment stored in the chamber by being supported by the cutter head and disposed in the chamber;
The vibration means is provided in the stirring blade,
The tunnel excavator characterized in that the vibration means transmits the anti-phase vibration generated by vibrating the cutter head to the cutter. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1,
The excitation means is provided so as to be able to appear in and out of the outer peripheral surface of the excavator body
The tunnel excavator characterized in that the excitation means transmits the antiphase vibration generated by exciting the inner wall surface of the tunnel formed by excavating the face to the cutter via the ground. The tunnel excavator according to claim 4,
The vibration means is
A sliding contact member capable of sliding in the tunnel axial direction with respect to the inner wall surface of the tunnel;
A tunnel excavator characterized in that the inner wall surface of the tunnel is vibrated by the sliding contact member. In the tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The magnitude of the antiphase vibration generated by the exciting means is set according to the magnitude of the response vibration received by the receiving point when the excavation vibration propagates to the receiving point on the ground surface. Tunnel excavator.

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