JP2020076233A - Tunnel excavator and tunnel excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method, capable of controlling vibration of a cutter head without affecting a structure unrelated to control of vibration of the cutter head by limiting a target range of control of vibration, and being applied even when an excavator body does not separate a front body and a rear body.SOLUTION: The tunnel excavator includes: a partition wall 12 having an inner partition wall portion 12a which supports a rotation support portion on the axial rear side of a cutter head 11, and an outer partition wall portion 12b which supports the inner partition wall portion 12a slidably in the axial direction by an inner peripheral surface 12ba and is arranged so that an outer peripheral surface 12bb fits into an inner peripheral surface 10a of an excavator body 10; and an expandable and contractible vibration controlling jack 18 having one end disposed at any position of the rotation support portion and the inner partition wall portion 12a and the other end disposed relative to the excavator body 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method that suppress vibration generated in a cutter head when excavating the ground.

  Generally, in a tunnel excavator, a tunnel can be excavated by rotating a cutter head, and a plurality of cutters mounted on the front surface of the cutter head form a cutting face on the ground in front.

  At this time, if the ground to be excavated is hard ground such as rock, a large vibration occurs in the cutter head. When a large vibration is generated in the cutter head in this way, the vibration is transmitted to the ground, and there is a risk of vibration damage to surrounding areas such as houses and underground facilities on the surface of the ground.

  Therefore, there is provided a tunnel excavator that suppresses vibration generated in the cutter head when excavating the ground. Such a tunnel excavator is disclosed, for example, in Patent Document 1 below.

  In the tunnel excavator as disclosed in Patent Document 1 below, a plurality of exciters are provided in the excavator body, the cutter head, etc., and by driving these exciters, the exciter is generated. With respect to the vibration, the vibration having a phase opposite to the phase of the vibration is output. Thereby, the vibration generated in the cutter head is canceled by the output antiphase vibration, and the vibration is suppressed.

JP, 2015-155597, A JP, 2017-172162, A

  However, in the conventional tunnel excavator, since the vibration exciter is installed on the surface where the vibration exciter gives the antiphase vibration, the output antiphase vibration is difficult to be transmitted to the cutter head. There is.

  In other words, the installation surface of the exciter and the surface on which the exciter gives anti-phase vibration are the same, so even if the exciter outputs anti-phase vibration, the vibration itself As a result, the output antiphase vibration cannot be properly transmitted to the cutter head. In such a tunnel excavator, there is a possibility that the vibration generated in the cutter head cannot be sufficiently suppressed.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, Patent Document 2 discloses a tunnel excavator capable of preventing vibration damage to the surrounding area by suppressing the vibration generated in the cutter head during excavation.

  However, in the above-mentioned Patent Document 2, since the direction control jack provided along the outer periphery of the excavator body is also used as the vibration suppression jack, all the configurations attached to the front trunk side of the excavator body, for example, Vibration for vibration suppression is applied even to a screw conveyor or the like that is not related to vibration suppression of the cutter head.

  Furthermore, since the above-mentioned direction control jack and vibration control jack are provided at the boundary between the front body and the rear body in the axial direction of the excavator body, the excavator body is not divided into the front body and the rear body in the first place. The technique of Patent Document 2 cannot be applied to such a tunnel excavator.

  In view of the above technical problem, the present invention limits the vibration suppression target range to the vicinity of the vibration generation source, thereby performing the vibration suppression of the cutter head without affecting the configuration unrelated to the vibration suppression of the cutter head. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method that can be applied even when the excavator body is not divided into a front body and a rear body.

A tunnel excavator according to a first invention for solving the above-mentioned problems,
A tubular excavator main body, and a tunnel excavator including a cutter head for excavating the ground, which is rotatable by being coupled to a rotation support portion at an axial front end of the excavator main body,
An inner partition wall portion that supports the rotation support portion axially rearward of the cutter head, and an inner peripheral surface that slidably supports the inner partition wall portion in an axial direction, and an outer peripheral surface of the excavator body is inside. A partition wall that is arranged so as to be fitted to the peripheral surface, has an annular outer partition wall portion, and is arranged so as to form a space between the cutter head and the inside of the excavator body,
One end is arranged at an arbitrary position of the rotation support part and the inner partition wall part, and the other end is arranged with respect to the excavator main body;
Measuring means for measuring the vibration generated in the cutter head,
Control means for controlling the vibration damping jack so as to output an anti-phase vibration that is an anti-phase to the phase of the vibration generated in the cutter head, based on the measurement result of the measurement means. And

A tunnel excavator according to a second invention for solving the above-mentioned problems,
In the tunnel excavator according to the first invention,
The excavator main body includes a beam arranged axially rearward of the partition wall inside the excavator main body,
The vibration damping jack is arranged so as to extend in the axial direction between the beam and the inner partition wall portion.

A tunnel excavator according to a third invention for solving the above-mentioned problems,
In the tunnel excavator according to the second invention,
The beam is formed with a first protrusion that protrudes forward in the axial direction,
A second protrusion that protrudes rearward in the axial direction is formed on the inner partition wall,
The vibration damping jack is provided between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

A tunnel excavator according to a fourth invention for solving the above-mentioned problems,
In the tunnel excavator according to any one of the first to third inventions,
A plurality of the vibration damping jacks are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction.

A tunnel excavator according to a fifth invention for solving the above-mentioned problems,
In the tunnel excavator according to the fourth aspect,
The control means divides all the vibration damping jacks into a plurality of groups of a predetermined number, and controls each group based on the measurement result of the measurement means.

A tunnel excavator according to a sixth invention for solving the above-mentioned problems,
In the tunnel excavator according to any one of the first to fifth inventions,
The vibration damping jack is provided with a movement amount limiting mechanism that operates when the length of the vibration damping jack contracts to a predetermined length that is set to a value less than when the antiphase vibration is output. To do.

A tunnel excavator according to a seventh invention for solving the above-mentioned problems,
In the tunnel excavator according to any one of the first to sixth inventions,
The measuring means is provided in the inner partition wall portion.

A tunnel excavation method according to an eighth invention for solving the above-mentioned problems,
A tubular excavator main body, and a tunnel excavation method using a tunnel excavator equipped with a cutter head for excavating the ground, which is rotatable by being coupled to a rotation support portion at an axial front end of the excavator main body,
The tunnel excavator, an inner partition wall portion that supports the rotation support portion on the axial rear side of the cutter head, and an inner peripheral surface slidably support the inner partition wall portion, the outer peripheral surface is The excavator main body is arranged so as to be fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the excavator main body, and has an annular outer partition wall portion, and is arranged so as to form a space between the cutter head and the inside of the excavator main body. A partition wall, and one end of the rotation support portion and the inner partition wall portion at arbitrary positions and the other end of the excavator body, and a stretchable damping jack. And
The vibration generated in the cutter head is measured, and based on the measurement result, the vibration suppression jack is controlled so as to output an antiphase vibration that is an opposite phase to the phase of the vibration generated in the cutter head. It is characterized by

  According to the tunnel excavator and the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, by limiting the vibration suppression target range to the vicinity of the vibration source, the control of the cutter head can be performed without affecting the structure unrelated to the vibration suppression of the cutter head. It can be shaken and can be applied even when the excavator body is not divided into a front body and a rear body.

It is a schematic diagram explaining a tunnel excavator concerning an example of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic view corresponding to the line AA of FIG. 1.

  Hereinafter, a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings in the embodiments.

The configuration of the tunnel excavator according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a tunnel excavator (tunnel excavator 1) according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram corresponding to the arrow AA of FIG. 1. However, in FIG. 2, in the configuration of the tunnel excavator 1, a positional relationship among a cutter rotating shaft 11a, a beam 16, a vibration damping jack 18, a cutter turning motor 13, and a vibration measuring device (measuring means) 19 described later is shown. This is for explanation, and the other configurations are omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tunnel excavator 1 mainly includes a cylindrical excavator body 10 and a disc-shaped cutter head 11.

  The cutter head 11 is provided at the front end of the cylindrical excavator body 10 in the axial direction (that is, the tunnel extending direction). The front end of the cutter rotating shaft 11a is fitted in the center of the cutter head 11.

  A partition wall 12 is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the excavator body 10 on the rear side of the cutter head 11 in the tunnel extending direction. A cutter rotating shaft 11a is rotatably supported at the center of the partition 12 and a connecting member 11b is rotatably supported on the outer peripheral side of the partition 12, and a cutter turning motor 13 is provided on the rear surface of the partition 12. ..

  By driving the cutter turning motor 13, the cutter head 11 can be rotated about the cutter rotating shaft 11a via a gear mechanism and a connecting member 11b (not shown) to excavate the ground (face).

  A chamber 14 is defined between the cutter head 11 and the partition wall 12. The chamber 14 is a space (room) for temporarily storing the excavated soil, and the excavated soil generated by the excavation of the ground by the cutter head 11 is taken into the chamber 14.

  A screw conveyor 15 is provided inside the excavator body 10. The screw conveyor 15 has an opening at the front end in the tunnel extending direction, which penetrates the lower position (in the vertical direction) of the partition wall 12 and is inserted into the chamber 14, and goes upward in the vertical direction toward the rear side in the tunnel extending direction. It is arranged to be inclined.

  Accordingly, by driving the screw conveyor 15, the excavated earth and sand stored in the chamber 14 can be discharged rearward in the tunnel extending direction of the excavator body 10.

  Further, on the rear side of the partition wall 12 of the excavator body 10 in the tunnel extending direction, there are provided beams 16 arranged on the inner peripheral surface 10a of the excavator body 10 in a substantially cross beam shape.

  An eclectic device 17 is supported on the rear surface of the beam 16 so as to be movable in the axial direction, the radial direction, and the circumferential direction (that is, the tunnel extending direction, the radial direction, and the circumferential direction) of the excavator body 10. The erector device 17 can grip the segment S as a lining member, and the gripped segment S can be assembled along the inner wall surface (pit wall) of the tunnel T.

  The segment S is a ring piece that follows the shape of the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel T. Therefore, by driving the erector device 17, it is possible to assemble a plurality of segments S in a ring shape along the tunnel circumferential direction.

  Further, on the inner peripheral surface of the excavator body 10, a plurality of shield jacks (propulsion jacks) 21 are arranged side by side along the inner peripheral surface and at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction.

  In these shield jacks 21, a drive rod can be expanded and contracted in the tunnel extending direction, and a spreader 21a is attached to the tip of the drive rod. The spreader 21a faces the front end surface of the existing segment S in the tunnel extending direction.

  Therefore, by propelling the drive rod of the shield jack 21 toward the rear side in the tunnel extending direction and pressing the spreader 21a against the existing segment S, a propulsion reaction force can be applied to the excavator body 10. That is, the excavator body 10 can be moved forward by the propulsion reaction force generated when the shield jack 21 presses the segment S.

  By the way, in this embodiment, the partition wall 12 is composed of the inner partition wall portion 12a and the outer partition wall portion 12b. The inner partition wall portion 12a rotatably supports the cutter rotating shaft 11a and the connecting member 11b on the rear side in the tunnel extending direction with respect to the cutter head 11, and further, the cutter rotating motor 13, the gear mechanism (not shown), and a control mechanism described later. It is a disk-shaped object provided with a swinging jack 18 and the like.

  Further, the outer partition wall 12b is arranged such that the outer partition 12bb is fitted to the inner peripheral surface 10a of the excavator body 10 while the inner partition 12a is supported by the outer peripheral surface 12aa by the inner peripheral surface 12ba. It is of an annular shape and is provided with an excavated earth and sand intake port of the screw conveyor 15.

  A bearing bush and a seal (not shown) are provided between the outer peripheral surface 12aa of the inner partition wall 12a and the inner peripheral surface 12ba of the outer partition wall 12b to form a slide surface. That is, the outer partition wall portion 12b slidably supports the inner partition wall portion 12a in the tunnel extending direction while maintaining the watertight state (as a partition wall) by the inner peripheral surface 12ba.

  As a result, the cutter rotating shaft 11a, the connecting member 11b, the cutter turning motor 13, the gear mechanism (not shown), the vibration damping jack 18, and the like, which are arranged on the inner partition wall 12a, are provided with respect to the excavator body 10. It is possible to slide in the tunnel extension direction while maintaining the watertight state.

  Further, the damping jack 18 extends in the tunnel extending direction, and is arranged such that the base end is the rear side in the tunnel extending direction and the tip is the front side in the tunnel extending direction. Further, a plurality of vibration damping jacks 18 are arranged side by side at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction.

  The base end of the damping jack 18 is supported by the beam 16. More specifically, the beam 16 is formed with a protrusion 16a protruding forward in the tunnel extending direction, and the base end of the vibration damping jack 18 is supported by the protrusion 16a (first protrusion).

  On the other hand, a telescopic rod 18a capable of expanding and contracting in the tunnel extending direction is provided at the tip of the damping jack 18, and the tip of the telescopic rod 18a is connected to the inner partition wall portion 12a. More specifically, the telescopic rod 18a is connected to a protrusion 12ab (second protrusion) formed so as to protrude rearward in the tunnel extending direction in the vicinity of the slide surface of the inner partition wall 12a.

  By installing the base end and the tip of the vibration damping jack 18 as described above, the vibration damping jack 18 can be expanded and contracted in the tunnel extending direction with respect to the excavator body 10.

  Then, the vibration damping jack 18 can generate vibration by repeatedly expanding and contracting the telescopic rod 18a in small steps. The vibration generated by the slight expansion and contraction of the vibration suppression jack 18 is an antiphase vibration that is the opposite phase to the phase of the vibration generated in the cutter head 11 due to the excavation of the ground.

  Since the cutter head 11 and the inner partition wall portion 12a (where the damping jack 18 is arranged) are connected by the cutter head rotation shaft 11a and the connecting member 11b, vibrations generated in the cutter head 11 are suppressed. The anti-phase vibration due to the shaking jack 18 interferes and the vibration can be suppressed.

  However, since the damping jack 18 need only be capable of transmitting (anti-phase) vibration to the cutter head 11, it is not limited to being between the inner partition wall portion 12a and the beam 16 described above, and the cutter head 11 is rotatably supported. Any one of the base end and the tip of the vibration damping jack 18 is arranged at an arbitrary position among the cutter rotation shaft 11a, the connecting member 11b (generally referred to as a rotation support portion), and the inner partition wall portion 12a. You should do so.

  Further, the damping jack 18 may have a stroke larger than the stroke required for the antiphase vibration for purposes other than damping, such as moving the cutter head 11 when replacing the roller cutter. .. In such a case, a movement amount limiting mechanism (not shown) is provided, which operates when the stroke (length) of the damping jack 18 is shortened to a predetermined length that is set to a value shorter than when the antiphase vibration is output. You may. Thereby, the damping jack 18 can exert an effect of preventing the cutter head 11 from moving backward.

  Further, as described above, when the vibration damping jack 18 is arranged between the inner partition wall portion 12a and the beam 16, the vibration measurement is performed radially inward of the vibration damping jack 18 on the rear surface of the partition wall 12 in the tunnel extending direction. A container (measuring means) 19 is arranged.

  The vibration measuring device 19 is capable of measuring the vibration (waveform, cycle, and amplitude) generated in the cutter head 11 when the cutter head 11 excavates the ground.

  That is, the vibration generated in the cutter head 11 due to the excavation of the ground is transmitted to the partition wall 12 via the cutter rotation shaft 11a and the connecting member 11b and then input to the vibration measuring instrument 19.

  However, since the vibration measuring device 19 only needs to be able to measure the vibration generated in the cutter head 11, the vibration measuring device 19 may be arranged at any position of the cutter head 11, the rotation support portion, and the inner partition wall portion 12a. do it. Further, a plurality of vibration measuring instruments 19 may be arranged in parallel in the circumferential direction.

  A control device (control means) 20 is provided in the excavator body 10. The control device 20 is electrically connected to a servo valve for supplying / discharging hydraulic pressure to / from the vibration damping jack 18 and a vibration measuring device 19. Based on the measurement result of the vibration measuring device 19, the control device 20 controls the vibration. By controlling the valve opening of the servo valve in the vibration jack 18, the vibration damping jack 18 is controlled to be expanded and contracted in a vibrational manner to output antiphase vibration.

  Specifically, in the control device 20, when the vibration measured by each vibration measuring device 19 is input, the vibrations are analyzed and the vibration mode which is the main vibration of the cutter head 11 is specified. After that, a control signal according to the vibration mode is input to the servo valve of each damping jack 18.

  Here, the vibration mode mainly includes vibration in the tunnel extension direction, and in addition, vibration in the tunnel radial direction (vertical direction and horizontal direction) is also generated. The control device 20 may control all of the plurality of vibration damping jacks 18 collectively, but all the vibration damping jacks 18 may be grouped in a predetermined number (in the circumferential direction) into a plurality of groups. Alternatively, the control may be performed for each group based on the measurement result of the vibration measuring instrument 19.

  As described above, when constructing a tunnel structure with the tunnel excavator 1, first, the plurality of shield jacks 21 are extended and pressed against the existing segment S while rotating the cutter head 11. As a result, the excavator main body 10 advances by receiving the propulsive reaction force from the existing segment S, and the tunnel head T is excavated by the rotating cutter head 11.

  At this time, the excavated earth and sand generated by the ground excavation is filled in the chamber 14 through the excavated earth and sand inlet of the cutter head 11, and the chamber 14 is filled with the excavated earth and sand by a predetermined amount. Maintained at internal pressure. Then, the excavated earth and sand filled in the chamber 14 is discharged toward the rear side in the tunnel extending direction by the rotation of the screw conveyor 15.

  At the same time, on the rear side of the shortened shield jack 21 in the tunnel extending direction, the segments S held by the elector device 17 are sequentially assembled in a ring shape along the inner wall surface of the tunnel T by driving the erector device 17.

  That is, the amount of earth and sand corresponding to the amount of excavation by the cutter head 11 is smoothly discharged by the screw conveyor 15 so that the chamber 14 is constantly filled with the excavated earth and sand, thereby stabilizing the cutting face and constructing the tunnel T. Excavate. At the same time, while the shield jack 21 is extended, the propulsive reaction force is taken from the existing segment S to proceed with the excavation, and the newly installed segment S is assembled behind the shortened shield jack 21 in the tunnel extending direction.

  Further, when the vibration generated in the cutter head 11 is measured by the vibration measuring device 19, the control device 20 causes the anti-vibration jack to generate antiphase vibration corresponding to the magnitude of the measured vibration. Control expansion and contraction of 18.

  As a result, the anti-phase vibration output by the damping jack 18 is transmitted to the cutter head 11 and then interferes with the vibration generated in the cutter head 11 to reduce the vibration.

  At this time, by controlling expansion and contraction of the vibration suppression jack 18 for each group according to the vibration mode generated in the cutter head 11, the vibration generated in the cutter head 11 is sufficiently suppressed by the antiphase vibration. Become.

  According to the present embodiment, since the vibration damping jack 18 is provided on the inner partition wall portion 12a that slides with respect to the outer partition wall portion 12b, the excavator body 10 is not vibrated and the cutter head 11 that is a vibration generation source. It is possible to control the vibration only in the vicinity.

  Further, the stroke applied by the damping jack 18 in the present embodiment may be a short stroke (for example, 1 mm or less) because vibration of opposite phase may be generated, and the direction control jack can be controlled as in Patent Document 2 above. The size and weight can be reduced as compared with the case of using it for diversion.

  Further, in the present embodiment, by providing the vibration suppression jack 18 with the movement amount limiting mechanism, it is possible to prevent the cutter head 11 from moving backward.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is suitable as a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method for suppressing vibration generated in a cutter head when excavating the ground.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 tunnel excavator 10 excavator main body 10a inner peripheral surface 11 cutter head 11a cutter rotating shaft 11b connecting member 12 partition wall 12a inner partition wall portion 12aa outer peripheral surface 12ab protrusion 12b outer partition wall portion 12ba inner peripheral surface 12bb outer peripheral surface 13 cutter turning motor 14 Chamber 15 Screw Conveyor 16 Beam 16a Projection 17 Erector Device 18 Vibration Control Jack 18a Telescopic Rod 19 Vibration Measuring Instrument (Measuring Means)
20 Control device (control means)
21 Shield jack (propulsion jack)
21a Spreader S segment T tunnel

Claims (8)

A tubular excavator main body, and a tunnel excavator including a cutter head for excavating the ground, which is rotatable by being coupled to a rotation support portion at an axial front end of the excavator main body,
An inner partition wall portion that supports the rotation support portion axially rearward of the cutter head, and an inner peripheral surface that slidably supports the inner partition wall portion in an axial direction, and an outer peripheral surface of the excavator body is inside. A partition wall that is arranged so as to be fitted to the peripheral surface, has an annular outer partition wall portion, and is arranged so as to form a space between the cutter head and the inside of the excavator body,
One end is arranged at an arbitrary position of the rotation support part and the inner partition wall part, and the other end is arranged with respect to the excavator main body;
Measuring means for measuring the vibration generated in the cutter head,
Control means for controlling the vibration damping jack so as to output an anti-phase vibration that is an anti-phase to the phase of the vibration generated in the cutter head, based on the measurement result of the measurement means. And tunnel excavator. The excavator main body includes a beam arranged axially rearward of the partition wall inside the excavator main body,
The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the vibration damping jack is arranged so as to extend in an axial direction between the beam and the inner partition wall portion. The beam is formed with a first protrusion that protrudes forward in the axial direction,
A second protrusion that protrudes rearward in the axial direction is formed on the inner partition wall,
The tunnel excavator according to claim 2, wherein the damping jack is provided between the first protrusion and the second protrusion. The tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of the vibration damping jacks are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction. The tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the control unit divides all the vibration damping jacks into a plurality of groups of a predetermined number and controls each group based on a measurement result of the measurement unit. Excavator. The damping jack is provided with a movement amount limiting mechanism that operates when the length of the damping jack contracts to a predetermined length that is set to a value less than when the antiphase vibration is output. The tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the measuring unit is provided in the inner partition wall. A tubular excavator main body, and a tunnel excavation method using a tunnel excavator equipped with a cutter head for excavating the ground, which is rotatable by being coupled to a rotation support portion at an axial front end of the excavator main body,
The tunnel excavator, an inner partition wall portion that supports the rotation support portion on the axial rear side of the cutter head, and an inner peripheral surface slidably support the inner partition wall portion, the outer peripheral surface is The excavator main body is arranged so as to be fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the excavator main body, and has an annular outer partition wall portion, and is arranged so as to form a space between the cutter head and the inside of the excavator main body. A partition wall, and one end of the rotation support portion and the inner partition wall portion at arbitrary positions and the other end of the excavator body, and a stretchable damping jack. And
The vibration generated in the cutter head is measured, and based on the measurement result, the vibration suppression jack is controlled so as to output an antiphase vibration that is an opposite phase to the phase of the vibration generated in the cutter head. A tunnel excavation method characterized by the above.

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