JP4384058B2 - Shield machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a shield machine used to construct a tunnel.

  There are various types of shield machines, as shown in Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3, and the like. The configuration of a general shield machine will be briefly described as follows.

  In other words, the shield machine has a cylindrical shield frame as the machine body, and an erector device for assembling the segments in a ring shape on the excavated wall surface is provided inside the shield frame. A plurality of shield jacks are provided inside the shield frame to advance the shield frame (in other words, the entire shield machine) by a reaction force from the existing segment. Further, a partition wall is provided in front of the shield jack in the shield frame so as to partition a cutter chamber with the face, and a cutter head for excavating a natural ground is rotatably provided on the partition wall. The cutter head protrudes forward from the shield frame.

  And in the shield machine of the type which stabilizes a face by earth pressure, the screw conveyor which conveys excavated earth and sand from the said cutter chamber back is provided in the said shield frame. Further, in the shield machine of the type that stabilizes the face by muddy water pressure, a mud pipe that sends muddy water to the cutter chamber and a mud pipe that discharges muddy water including excavated soil from the cutter chamber are provided. It has.

  Next, an operation for constructing a tunnel using the shield machine will be described.

That is, first, a shaft corresponding to the depth of the tunnel is constructed in the natural ground. Next, the shield machine is transported to the bottom of the shaft and preparation for excavation by the shield machine is performed. Then, under the state in which the cutter head is rotated, the reaction force from the existing segments is generated by the operation of the plurality of shield jacks while balancing the pressure of the excavated earth and sand in the cutter chamber and the earth pressure of the face. By moving the entire shield machine forward, the ground is excavated by the cutter head while stabilizing the face. In parallel with excavation of the natural ground, the segments are assembled in a ring shape on the wall excavated by the erector apparatus. Furthermore, the tunnel can be constructed by continuously excavating the natural ground as described above and assembling the segments.
JP 2003-35088 A JP-A-4-2880 JP 2003-239664 A

  By the way, in order to construct | assemble the said tunnel, it is necessary to construct the said shaft according to the depth of the said tunnel as mentioned above, and construction of the said shaft becomes large-scale especially in the case of a deep depth. Therefore, there is a problem that the construction period of the tunnel including the construction period of the shaft becomes long and the construction cost of the tunnel including the construction cost of the shaft becomes high.

A feature of the present invention is that in a shield machine used to construct a tunnel,
A cylindrical shield frame;
A slide frame provided inside the shield frame so as to be movable in the front-rear direction and having a spherical or curved support plate on the front side;
The slide frame is provided so as to be tiltable, has a spherical or curved sliding plate that can slide on the support plate on the rear side, and a partition that partitions the cutter chamber between the face and the front side. And a tilting frame configured to be switchable between an immersing position where the shield frame is immersed in the front-rear direction and a protruding position protruding forward from the shield frame;
The tilt frame is rotatably and / or swingable, and can be switched between a vertical posture substantially perpendicular to the axis of the slide frame and a tilt posture inclined from the vertical posture by tilting the tilt frame. A cutter head configured to excavate natural ground;
It is that it was equipped.

  Here, “rotatable and / or swingable” means any of (i) rotatable and swingable, (ii) rotatable, and (iii) swingable. Further, “swingable” means that it can rotate in the forward and reverse directions within a predetermined range.

  According to the characteristics of the present invention, when excavating a shallow ground with the shield machine, the following is performed.

  That is, the slide frame is moved forward to switch the tilting frame from the immersive position to the protruding position. Further, the cutter head is tilted in one direction around the tilt frame to switch the cutter head from the vertical posture to the tilt posture. Then, the entire shield machine is advanced under the state where the cutter head in the inclined posture is rotated or swung. Thereby, a shallow ground can be excavated by the cutter head in the inclined posture while stabilizing the face.

  On the other hand, when excavating deep ground with the shield machine, the following is performed.

  That is, the slide frame is moved backward to switch the tilting frame from the protruding position to the immersed position. Further, the tilting frame is tilted in the other direction to switch the cutter head from the tilted posture to the vertical posture. Then, under the state in which the cutter head in the vertical posture is rotated, the entire shield machine is advanced while balancing the pressure of the excavated earth and sand in the cutter chamber and the earth pressure of the face. Accordingly, deep ground can be excavated by the cutter head in the vertical posture while stabilizing the face.

  In short, the tilt frame is configured to be switchable between the immersive position and the projecting position by moving the slide frame in the front-rear direction, and the cutter head can be switched between the vertical posture and the tilt posture by the tilt of the tilt frame. Therefore, it is possible to continuously excavate from a shallow ground to a deep ground by the shield machine.

  As described above, according to the present invention, since the shield machine can continuously excavate from a shallow ground to a deep ground, the tunnel can be constructed without constructing a deep shaft. Can be built. Therefore, the construction period of the tunnel can be shortened and the construction cost of the tunnel can be reduced.

Embodiments of the Invention

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  Here, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a shield machine when excavating a shallow ground, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cutter head and a copy cutter when excavating a shallow ground. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the shield machine when excavating deep ground, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cutter head when excavating deep ground. In the drawings, “FF” indicates the forward direction, and “FR” indicates the backward direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a shield machine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is used for constructing a tunnel having a large depth and a circular cross section, and digs a cylindrical shield frame 3. It is equipped as a machine body. The shield frame 3 may be of a folding type in which a cylindrical front cylinder and a cylindrical rear cylinder are connected to be bendable.

  Inside the shield frame 3, there is provided an erector device 7 for assembling the segment 5 in a ring shape on the excavated wall surface. In addition, a plurality of shield jacks 9 for moving the shield frame 3 (in other words, the entire shield machine 1) forward by the reaction force from the existing segment 5 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction inside the shield frame 3. Has been.

  An annular guide frame 11 is integrally provided inside the shield frame 3, and a slide frame 13 is provided on the guide frame 11 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction. The slide frame 13 has a spherical or curved support plate 15 on the front side, and is not rotatable with respect to the guide frame 11. A slide jack 17 that moves the slide frame 13 in the front-rear direction is provided between the attachment portion 3 a of the shield frame 3 and the attachment portion 13 a of the slide frame 13.

  A tilt frame 19 is provided on the slide frame 13 so as to be tiltable about a horizontal tilt axis C. The tilt frame 19 has a spherical sliding contact with the support plate 15 on the rear side. It has the plate 21, Comprising: It has the partition 25 which divides the cutter chamber 23 between the face F on the front side. Here, the tilting frame 19 is inserted into the shield frame 3 by the movement of the slide frame 13 in the front-rear direction (position of the tilting frame 19 as shown in FIG. 3), and the protrusion protrudes forward from the shield frame 3. It is configured to be switchable to a position (position of the tilting frame 19 as shown in FIG. 1), and is configured so that the horizontal tilting axis C is located on its front side (front side of the tilting frame 19). ing. A tilting jack 27 that tilts the tilting frame 19 around the horizontal tilting axis C is provided between the mounting part 19a of the tilting frame 19 and the mounting part 13b of the slide frame 13.

  A ring-shaped cutter shaft 29 is provided on the tilting frame 19 so as to be rotatable and swingable (rotatable in the forward and reverse directions within a predetermined range) via a bearing 31. A disc-shaped cutter head 33 for excavating the mountain G is integrally provided via a plurality of support members 35. In other words, the tilting frame 19 is provided with a disk-shaped cutter head 33 so as to be rotatable and swingable via the plurality of support members 35, the cutter shaft 29, and the bearing 31.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cutter head 33 includes a plurality of long spokes 37 extending radially, a plurality of short spokes 39 extending radially and shorter than the long spokes 37, and a plurality of long spokes 37. And a plurality of cutter bids 41 provided on the plurality of short spokes 39. Here, the cutter head 33 has a vertical posture (the posture of the cutter head 33 as shown in FIG. 3) substantially perpendicular to the axis of the slide frame 13 by the tilting of the tilting frame 19, and forward from the vertical posture. It can be switched to an inclined posture (the posture of the cutter head 33 as shown in FIG. 1). The plurality of attachment portions 19b of the tilt frame 19 are provided with cutter motors 43 for rotating and swinging the cutter head 33. The main drive pinions 45 are integrated with the output shafts of the plurality of cutter motors 43, respectively. A ring-shaped driven gear 47 meshed with a plurality of main drive pinions 45 is integrally provided on the cutter shaft 29.

  The cutter head 33 is provided with a plurality of copy cutters 49 excavating the natural ground G in cooperation with the cutter head 33 in the inclined posture, and the plurality of copy cutters 49 are provided with a plurality of cutter bids 51, respectively. ing. Here, the plurality of copy cutters 49 reciprocate in the radial direction of the cutter head 33 from the distal end portion of the long spoke 37 (in other words, the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head 33) in conjunction with the swing of the cutter head 33. Each is composed. The cutter head 33 is provided with a copy jack 53 that reciprocates the corresponding copy cutter 49 in the radial direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, an annular hood frame 55 is provided on the outside of the shield frame 3 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction. The hood frame 55 is not rotatable with respect to the shield frame 3. It has become. Here, when the slide frame 13 is in the projecting position, the hood frame 55 is moved between the cutter head 33 and the shield frame 3 in the inclined posture by its own forward movement (forward movement of the hood frame 55). Is configured to cover the open area. A hood jack 57 for moving the hood frame 55 in the front-rear direction is provided inside the shield frame 3, and the tip of the movable rod 57 r in the hood jack 57 is connected to the mounting portion 55 a of the hood frame 55. Yes. The attachment portion 55a of the hood frame 55 is guided in the front-rear direction by a notch or the like formed in the shield frame 3.

  In the shield frame 3, a screw conveyor 59 for conveying the excavated earth and sand from the cutter chamber 23 in the backward direction is provided. The excavated earth and sand conveyed by the screw conveyor 59 is conveyed to the ground by a belt conveyor (not shown) or the like.

  One end of a mud pipe 61 (only a part of which is shown) is connected to the upper front side of the guide frame 11 and sends the muddy water to the cutter chamber 23. One end of a mud pipe 63 (only a part of which is shown) for discharging muddy water containing water is connected. The muddy water is circulated between the mud pipe 61, the cutter chamber 23, and the exhaust mud pipe 63.

  A tail seal member 65 is provided at the rear end of the shield frame 3 to prevent entry of groundwater, earth and sand, etc. into the shield frame 3 from the outer peripheral surface of the existing segment 5. Although not described in detail, groundwater, earth and sand, etc. are prevented from entering the shield frame 3 from the guide frame 11, the slide frame 13, the tilting frame 19 and the like.

  Next, the operation of the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  When excavating the shallow ground G with the shield machine 1, the following is performed.

  That is, the slide frame 13 is moved forward by the operation of the slide jack 17, and the tilting frame 19 is switched from the retracted position to the protruding position. Further, by operating the tilting jack 27, the tilting frame 19 is tilted in one direction (counterclockwise direction in FIGS. 1 and 3) about the horizontal tilting axis C, and the cutter head 33 is tilted from the vertical posture. Switch to posture. Further, the hood frame 57 is moved forward by the operation of the hood jack 57, and the open area is covered by the hood frame 55. Then, the cutter head 33 in the inclined posture is swung by driving the plurality of cutter motors 43, and the plurality of copy cutters 49 are interlocked and reciprocated in the radial direction by operating the plurality of copy jacks 53. Under the operation of the plurality of shield jacks 9, the entire shield machine 1 is advanced by the reaction force from the existing segment 5. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, a shallow ground G is excavated by the cooperation of the cutter head 33 in the inclined posture and the plurality of copy cutters 49 while stabilizing the face F and suppressing ground subsidence. Can do.

  On the other hand, when excavating a deep natural ground G (large deep natural ground G) with the shield machine 1, the following is performed.

  That is, the slide frame 13 is moved rearward by the operation of the slide jack 9, and the tilting frame 19 is switched from the protruding position to the immersed position. Further, the tilting frame 27 is tilted in the other direction around the horizontal tilting axis C by the operation of the tilting jack 27, and the cutter head 33 is switched from the tilted posture to the vertical posture. Further, the hood frame 55 is moved backward by the operation of the hood jack 57 to return to the original state. The plurality of shield motors 43 are driven while balancing the pressure of the excavated earth and sand in the cutter chamber 23 and the earth pressure of the face F under the state in which the cutter head 33 in the vertical posture is rotated by driving the plurality of cutter motors 43. The entire shield machine 1 is moved forward by the operation of the jack 9. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the deep ground G can be excavated by the cutter head 33 in the vertical posture while stabilizing the face F. In addition, in order to balance the pressure of the excavated earth and sand in the cutter chamber 23 and the earth pressure of the face F, the amount of excavated earth and sand conveyed by the screw conveyor 59 is adjusted in addition to adjusting the propulsive force by the plurality of shield jacks 9. Alternatively, the flow rate of mud sent by the mud pipe 61 and the flow rate of mud discharged by the mud pipe 63 may be adjusted.

  In short, the tilting frame 19 is configured to be switchable between the immersive position and the projecting position by moving the slide frame 13 in the front-rear direction, and the cutter head 33 is moved between the vertical posture and the tilted posture by the tilting of the tilting frame 19. The plurality of copy cutters 49 are each configured to reciprocate in the radial direction from the distal end portion of the long spoke 37 in conjunction with the swing of the cutter head 33, and the hood frame 55 is a slide. Since the frame 13 is configured to cover the open area by its own forward movement when the frame 13 is in the protruding position, the shield machine 1 continuously extends from the shallow ground G to the deep ground G. And can be excavated.

  As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the shield machine 1 can continuously excavate from the shallow ground G to the deep ground G, a deep shaft is constructed. The tunnel having a large depth and a circular cross section can be constructed. Therefore, the construction period of the tunnel can be shortened and the construction cost of the tunnel can be reduced.

  In addition, this invention is not restricted to description of the above-mentioned embodiment, For example, it can implement in another various aspect by making an appropriate change as follows. That is, instead of the cutter head 33 being provided on the tilting frame 19 so as to be rotatable and swingable, the cutter head 33 may be provided on the tilting frame 19 so as to be rotatable or swingable. Further, the plurality of copy cutters 49 are configured to reciprocate in the radial direction of the cutter head 33 in conjunction with the swing of the cutter head 33, instead of being configured to reciprocate in the radial direction of the cutter head 33. Each may be configured to reciprocate in the radial direction.

It is sectional drawing of the shield machine at the time of excavating a shallow ground. It is a figure which shows the cutter head and copy cutter at the time of excavating a shallow ground. It is sectional drawing of the shield machine at the time of excavating a deep natural ground. It is a figure which shows the cutter head at the time of excavating a deep natural ground.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield machine 3 Shield frame 9 Shield jack 13 Slide frame 15 Support plate 17 Slide jack 19 Tilt frame 21 Sliding plate 23 Cutter chamber 25 Bulkhead 27 Tilt jack 33 Cutter head 43 Cutter motor 49 Copy cutter 53 Copy jack 59 Screw conveyor 61 Mud pipe 63 Mud pipe
G Ground mountain F Face C Tilt center

Claims (5)

In the shield machine used to build the tunnel,
A cylindrical shield frame;
A slide frame provided inside the shield frame so as to be movable in the front-rear direction and having a spherical or curved support plate on the front side;
The slide frame is provided so as to be tiltable, has a spherical or curved sliding plate that can slide on the support plate on the rear side, and a partition that partitions a cutter chamber between the face and the front side. And a tilting frame configured to be switchable between an immersion position where the slide frame is immersed in the front-rear direction and a protruding position where the slide frame protrudes forward from the shield frame;
The tilt frame is rotatably and / or swingable, and can be switched between a vertical posture substantially perpendicular to the axis of the slide frame and a tilt posture inclined from the vertical posture by tilting the tilt frame. A cutter head configured to excavate natural ground;
A shield machine characterized by comprising The shield frame is provided so as to be movable in the front-rear direction, and covers the open area between the cutter head in the inclined posture and the shield frame by its own forward movement when the slide frame is in the protruding position. A food frame configured in such a manner;
The shield machine according to claim 1, comprising: Provided in the cutter head, each configured to reciprocate in the radial direction of the cutter head from the outer periphery of the cutter head in conjunction with the rotation or swing of the cutter head, and the cutter head in the inclined posture With a copy cutter that collaborates to excavate natural ground;
The shield machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shield machine is provided. 4. The shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the tilt frame is configured such that a tilt axis is located on a front side of the tilt frame. 5. A screw conveyor that conveys excavated earth and sand from the cutter chamber in a backward direction;
A mud pipe for sending muddy water to the cutter chamber;
A mud discharge pipe for discharging mud water containing excavated sediment from the cutter chamber;
The shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the shield machine is provided.

Images