JP4322432B2 - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator that digs into an underground structure to connect a new tunnel to an existing underground structure such as an existing tunnel, and more particularly to a tunnel excavator that can reduce uncut residue of earth and sand at a joint.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As shown in FIG. 11, as a tunnel excavator a, a rotary shaft c provided rotatably at the front portion of the excavator body b, and radially extended radially outward so as to be orthogonal to the rotary shaft c. It is known that a plurality of cutter spokes d are provided, and a cutting face is cut by a bit e provided in each cutter spoke d by rotationally driving a rotary shaft c.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a tunnel excavator a, as shown in FIG. 10, in order to join a new tunnel (an inclined shaft h) to an underground structure f such as an existing tunnel, the tunnel excavator a proceeds toward the underground structure f, Since each cutter pork d is mounted perpendicularly to the rotation axis c, the cut face of the cutter pork e is inclined with respect to the joint surface j of the underground structure f, and the earth and sand uncut region g at the joint portion. Will occur in a wide range. For this reason, the chemical | medical agent injection | pouring area | region which water-stops the earth and sand near a junction part must be enlarged.
[0004]
Further, even if the problem is not in the inclined shaft h as shown in FIG. 10, if the joint surface j of the underground structure f with respect to the propulsion direction of the tunnel excavator a is inclined, Regardless of whether it occurs.
[0005]
An object of the present invention, which was created in view of the above circumstances, is to provide a tunnel excavator that can reduce the uncut portion of earth and sand at the joint portion of an underground structure.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a tunnel excavator that digs toward the underground structure to join a new tunnel to an underground structure such as an existing tunnel, and is rotatable at the front of the excavator body. A rotary shaft provided, a single cutter spoke provided on the rotary shaft extending radially outward and inclined forward in the excavation direction in accordance with the joint surface of the underground structure, and the rotary shaft And a drive unit that rotates or swings.
[0007]
The drive unit rotationally drives the rotating shaft when the excavator body is sufficiently separated from the underground structure, and avoids interference between the catspoke and the underground structure when the excavator body is close to the underground structure. Therefore, the rotating shaft is driven to swing within a predetermined angle range.
[0008]
The excavator main body may have a slide hood that protrudes forward to come into contact with the underground structure when approaching the underground structure.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0010]
1 is a side sectional view of the tunnel excavator according to the embodiment, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. IV-IV sectional view is shown.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 10, this tunnel excavator 1 digs obliquely toward an underground structure f so as to join a new tunnel (an inclined shaft h) to an underground structure f such as an existing tunnel. As shown in FIG. 1, it has a frame 4 composed of a front cylinder 2 and a rear cylinder 3 formed in a cylindrical shape. The rear cylinder 3 has an insertion portion 5 with a reduced diameter at the tip, and the front cylinder 2 has an insertion portion 6 with the same diameter at the rear end. The insertion portion 5 is inserted into the insertion portion 6 and superposed, and a middle-fold seal 7 is interposed between them.
[0012]
A bulkhead body 8 is slidably accommodated inside the front barrel 2. The bulkhead body 8 includes an inner cylinder portion 9 that is slidably slidably contacted with the inner surface of the front barrel 2, and a partition wall portion 10 that partitions the inside of the inner cylinder portion 9 from the face side and the inside of the pit. A slide seal 11 that seals (stops water) between the inner cylinder portion 9 and the inner surface of the front barrel 2 is provided along the circumferential direction. A bracket 12 is provided on the inner surface of the partition wall 10, and a bracket 13 is provided on the inner surface of the front barrel 2 so as to face the bracket 12.
[0013]
A fixing member 14 is detachably attached between the brackets 12 and 13 by a fastener such as a bolt and nut (or temporary fixing welding or the like). As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of (six in the example) fixing members 14 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. According to this configuration, when the brackets 12 and 13 are connected by the fixing member 14, the bulkhead body 8 and the front cylinder 2 are integrated, and when the fixing member 14 is removed, the bulkhead body 8 is slidable in the front cylinder 2. It becomes.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, a bracket 15 is provided on the inner surface of the rear trunk 3. Direction control jacks 17 are interposed between the rear barrel bracket 15 and the bracket 16 of the bulkhead body 8 via pins. As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of (6 in the illustrated example) directional control jacks 17 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. According to this configuration, the front cylinder 2 and the rear cylinder 3 are desired by adjusting the extension amount of each direction control jack 17 in a state where the bulkhead body 8 and the front cylinder 2 are integrated by the fixing member 14. Can be bent in any direction or angle.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 1, a cylindrical bearing cylinder 18 is fixed at the center of the bulkhead portion 10 of the bulkhead body 8, and a rotating shaft 19 is rotatable inside the bearing cylinder 18. Has been inserted. A cylindrical body 20 is provided at the tip of the rotating shaft 19. A cutter spoke 21 is attached to the side surface of the cylindrical body 20 on the tip side. One cutter pork 21 is attached so as to extend outward in the radial direction and incline in accordance with the joint surface j of the underground structure f (see FIG. 10) forward in the digging direction.
[0016]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 8, a bit 22 for cutting a face is attached to the cutter pork 21. Specifically, wide bit holding portions 23 and narrow bit holding portions 24 are alternately attached along the radial direction of the cutspoke. And the bit 22 which cuts a face substantially is attached to the right and left of each bit holding | maintenance part 23,24. The left and right heights of each bit 22 are set equal. Thereby, even if there is one cutter pork 21, the entire face can be cut along the radial direction.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 1, a jack 26 that accommodates the copy cutter 25 in a radially outward direction is accommodated inside the cutter spoke 21. The copy cutter 25 cuts an area that cannot be cut by the outermost peripheral bit 22. That is, the outermost peripheral bit 22 is arranged on the inner side so as not to interfere when the front cylinder 2 moves forward relative to the bulkhead body 8 as shown in FIG. Cannot cut the face of the plate thickness. Therefore, a copy cutter 25 is provided to cut the area.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 1, an inclined portion 27 made of a cylindrical body that is inclined in the same direction as the cutter pork 21 is provided at the tip of the cylindrical body 20. As shown in FIG. 2, four flat bit holding portions 28 are provided on the front surface of the inclined portion 27 at intervals of 90 degrees. A roof-shaped bit 29 is attached to the tip of each bit holding portion 28. According to this configuration, when the rotating shaft 19 rotates, as shown by the phantom line in FIG. 1, the cutter pork 21 and the inclined portion 27 rotate to cut the face into a concave cone shape.
[0019]
The rotating shaft 19 is driven to rotate or swing by the drive unit 30. The drive unit 30 includes a drive gear 31 attached to the base side of the rotary shaft 19, a pinion 32 that meshes with the drive gear 31, a drive motor 33 (such as a hydraulic motor) that drives the pinion 32, and rotation of the drive motor 33. And a control unit 34 for switching the direction. According to this configuration, when the drive motor 33 is rotated in one direction by the control unit 34, the rotary shaft 19 is rotationally driven. When the rotation direction of the drive motor 33 is switched within a predetermined angle range by the control unit 34, the rotary shaft 19 is shaken. It is driven dynamically.
[0020]
The control unit 34 includes a switching valve that switches the direction of supply and discharge of hydraulic pressure to the drive motor 33 (hydraulic motor or the like), for example. The drive unit 30 controlled by the control unit 34 drives the rotary shaft 19 to rotate when the excavator body is sufficiently separated from the underground structure f (see FIG. 1), and the excavator body approaches the underground structure f. When this occurs, the rotary shaft 19 is driven to swing within a predetermined angular range in order to avoid interference between the cutter pork 21 and the underground structure f (see FIGS. 5 and 6).
[0021]
The drive gear 31 and the pinion 32 are accommodated in a gear case 35 provided in the partition wall portion 10. A drive motor 33 is attached to the gear case 35. Further, an outer cone body 36 and an inner cone body 37 are attached to the face of the partition wall 10 on the face side as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. A mud pipe 38, a mud pipe 39, a manhole 40, and a water pressure gauge 41 are provided through the outer cone body 37 and the partition wall 10. Moreover, the rod 45 which agitates the earth and sand between each cone body is attached to the cutter pork.
[0022]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, a propulsion pipe 42 (such as a concrete fume pipe or an iron ductile pipe) is attached to the rear trunk 3. The propulsion pipe 42 is sequentially added to the propulsion pipe 42 previously mounted at the inlet portion i of the inclined shaft h shown in FIG. 10, and pushed out by a not-shown main pushing device provided at the inlet portion i. As a result, the tunnel excavator 1 is pushed obliquely downward together with the propulsion pipe 42. At this time, the direction control is performed by adjusting the folding direction and angle of the front cylinder 2 and the rear cylinder 3 with the direction control jack 17 shown in FIG.
[0023]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, a partition wall 43 is provided inside the rear barrel 3. The partition wall 43 prevents the drive motor 33 and the like located at the bottom of the tunnel from being flooded when groundwater enters the tunnel (slope shaft h) from the joint of each propulsion pipe 42. The partition wall 43 is provided with a manhole 44 through which a mud pipe 38 and a mud pipe 39 penetrate. In the present embodiment, the front cylinder 2, the rear cylinder 3, the bulkhead body 8, and the like constitute the excavator body 1a.
[0024]
The operation of the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described.
[0025]
The tunnel excavator 1 excavates natural ground from the entrance i of the inclined shaft h shown in FIG. 10 toward the underground structure f (existing tunnel).
[0026]
First, when the tunnel excavator 1 is sufficiently separated from the underground structure f, that is, from the entrance part i of the inclined shaft h to the position immediately before the cutspoke 21 shown in FIG. 1 interferes with the underground structure f. 34 is set to be rotationally driven, and the rotary shaft 19 is rotationally driven, and the tunnel excavator 1 is added by the main pushing device (not shown) of the inlet portion i and pushed downward obliquely integrally with the pipe 42. As a result, the tunnel excavator 1 is rotated diagonally downward while the cutter pork 21 and the inclined portion 27 rotate and cut the face into a concave cone shape. The concave cone-shaped face is orthogonal to the traveling direction of the excavator 1. Therefore, the straight traveling performance of the excavator 1 is not deteriorated.
[0027]
When the excavator 1 comes close to the underground structure f, that is, when the cutter pork 21 is at a position where it interferes with the underground structure f as indicated by a virtual line in FIG. 1, the worker rotates the control unit 34. Switch from drive to swing drive. Then, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the rotary shaft 19 is driven to swing within a predetermined angle range (360 degrees to 90 degrees), and the cutter pork 21 swings, and the cutter pork 21 and the underground structure f Interference can be avoided. Then, the excavator 1 is pushed out obliquely downward integrally with the propelling pipe 42 by a main pushing device (not shown) of the inlet portion i. The swing angle of the cutter spoke 21 is an angle before the spoke 21 interferes with the structure f. The angle gradually decreases as the spoke 21 approaches the structure f. In this example, the minimum swing angle is 90%. I am trying. As a result, the excavator 1 has its cutter pork 21 and the inclined portion 27 oscillated as shown in FIG. 5, progressing obliquely downward while cutting the face into a wiper shape, and reaches FIG. 6.
[0028]
Here, since the inclination angles of the cutter pork 21 and the inclined portion 27 are set in advance according to the inclination angle of the joint surface j of the underground structure f, the tunnel excavator 1 according to the present embodiment is shown in FIG. It is possible to approach the underground structure f as compared with the conventional type shown, and the earth and sand uncut region 46 in the vicinity of the joint can be reduced. However, when the excavator 1 is further pushed out from the state shown in FIG. 6 by the main pushing device, the outermost bit 22 of the cutter pork 21 has a minimum swing range (90 degrees) as shown in a region A in FIGS. Will interfere with the underground structure f at both ends. Therefore, when the position shown in FIG. 6 is reached, the extrusion of the excavator 1 and the propelling pipe 42 by the main pushing device is stopped.
[0029]
Here, if the minimum swing range of the cutter pork 21 is reduced, the excavator 1 can be brought closer to the underground structure f. However, in this embodiment, the minimum swing range is set to 90 degrees. . This is because, in the cutter having the configuration of the present embodiment, when the minimum swing range is 90 degrees or less, a region where cutting cannot be performed occurs in a part of the face. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the minimum swinging range 90 degrees in the present embodiment takes into account the cutting range of the innermost bit 22 of the cutter pork 21, and the bits 29 (90 degree intervals) of the inclined portion 27. Is set in consideration of the cutting range. In the cutter having this configuration, when the minimum swing range is 90 degrees or less, a region where cutting cannot be performed occurs in the center of the circular face.
[0030]
As a countermeasure against this, as shown in FIG. 9, it is conceivable that the bit 22 of the cutter pork 21 is made a roof-like bit 22a and the radial interval of the bit 29 of the inclined portion 27 is made smaller than the 90-degree interval. By doing so, it is possible to make the minimum swinging range of the cutter pork 21 90 degrees or less, and it is possible to bring the excavator 1 closer to the underground structure f than the position of FIG. The uncut region 46 can be further reduced. In this case as well, it is preferable to gradually reduce the rocking range (angle) as it approaches, and to effectively reduce the earth and sand uncut region 46.
[0031]
Now, as shown in FIG. 6, the excavator 1 is limited to the underground structure f (the bit 22 at the tip of the cutter pork 21 interferes with the underground structure f at both ends of 90 degrees which is the minimum swing range). When approaching the limit, the main pushing by the main pushing device at the inclined shaft entrance i is stopped to stop the propulsion, and the drive motor 33 is stopped to stop the swing of the cutter pork 21. Then, the fixing member 14 is removed, and the front barrel 2 and the bulkhead body 8 can be moved relative to each other. Thereafter, the excavator 1 is again pushed out integrally with the propulsion pipe 42 by the main pushing device at the inclined shaft entrance i. Then, as shown in FIG. 7, while the position of the bulkhead body 8 is maintained, the front cylinder 2 and the rear cylinder 3 (frame 4) move forward integrally, and the front end side portion 2a of the front cylinder 2 is a natural mountain. And abut against the underground structure f.
[0032]
Here, the front end side portion 2a of the front barrel 2 corresponds to a “slide hood” in claim 3 of the claims. The opening shape of the front end side portion 2a of the front trunk is formed in accordance with the shape of the joint surface j of the underground structure f. Therefore, the front end side portion 2a (slide hood) of the front barrel 2 is in perfect contact with the surface of the underground structure f. Thereafter, the earth and sand in the vicinity of the joint is hardened by chemical injection or the like to ensure water-stopping in the cutter chamber 47. Then, the manhole 40 shown in FIG. 2 is opened, the worker enters the cutter chamber 47, and the earth and sand 46 left uncut is removed. Then, the cutter pork 21, the drive motor 33, and the like are removed and removed, and the front trunk 2 and the underground structure f are communicated. Thereby, the inclined shaft h (new tunnel) is connected to the underground structure f (existing tunnel).
[0033]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and a propulsion jack is provided in the frame 4 in place of the main pushing device, a segment that becomes a tunnel wall is assembled in the excavator, and the reaction force is applied to the segment. It can also be applied to shield machine. Further, the present invention can be applied to the case where the joint surface j of the underground structure is inclined with respect to the propulsion direction of the excavator even in the case of vertical pit connection or horizontal pit connection instead of the inclined shaft connection.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, in a tunnel excavator that digs into an underground structure to connect a new tunnel to an underground structure such as an existing tunnel, it is possible to reduce uncut soil and sand at the joint. it can.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a tunnel excavator showing an embodiment of the present invention (during rotational driving).
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a swing range of a cutter pork.
FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of the tunnel excavator (when swinging).
FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of the tunnel excavator (when the slide hood is activated).
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the above-described cutter pork.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the above-described cutter pork.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an underground structure and a tilt shaft connected to the underground structure.
FIG. 11 is a side sectional view of a tunnel excavator showing a conventional example.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel excavator 1a Excavator main body 2a Front trunk front end side part 2a as a slide hood
19 Rotating shaft 21 Kataspork 30 Drive part f Underground structure h Shaft j as new tunnel Joint surface

Claims (3)

A tunnel excavator that digs into the underground structure to join a new tunnel to an underground structure such as an existing tunnel, the rotating shaft provided rotatably at the front of the excavator body, and the rotating shaft One cutout spoke extended radially outward and tilted forward in the excavation direction in accordance with the joint surface of the underground structure, and a drive unit for driving the rotary shaft to rotate or swing A tunnel excavator characterized by comprising: The drive unit rotationally drives the rotating shaft when the excavator body is sufficiently separated from the underground structure, and avoids interference between the catspoke and the underground structure when the excavator body is close to the underground structure. 2. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the rotary shaft is driven to swing within a predetermined angle range. 3. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the excavator main body has a slide hood that protrudes forward to come into contact with the underground structure when approaching the underground structure.

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