JPH1077780A - Tunnel excavator and excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the partial decrease of excavation efficiency in the cross section of an excavated tunnel and do continuous excavation work at a long distance in a simple structure. SOLUTION: On a tunnel excavator, a cutter head 12 provided with a number of cutter bits 20 in front of a skin plate 11 is mounted to be freely driven and rotated. The cutter head consists of a first cutter spoke 13 on the rotational center side and a second cutter spoke 14 connected to the outer periphery of the first cutter spoke 13 via a connection shaft 15 to be freely rotationally moved forward and backward in the excavation advancing direction. The second cutter spoke 14 is supported to be freely rotationally moved by a hydraulic jack 17.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method capable of excavating a tunnel having an irregular cross-section in addition to a tunnel having a circular cross-section.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 3 shows an outline of a conventional shield excavator, and FIG. 4 shows an outline of a copy cutter.

As shown in FIG. 3, in a conventional shielded excavator, a cutter head 102 is rotatably mounted at the front of a cylindrical skin plate 101 as an excavator body. A large number of cutter bits 103 are fixed on the front surface of. And
A ring gear 104 is fixed to the rear of the cutter head 102, while a hydraulic motor 10 is attached to the skin plate 101.
5 is attached, and the drive gear 10 of the hydraulic motor 105 is mounted.
6 meshes with the ring gear 104. Therefore,
When the hydraulic motor 105 is driven to rotate the drive gear 106, the cutter head 102 is rotated via the ring gear 104.
Can be rotated.

[0004] A bulkhead 107 is attached to the skin plate 101 behind the cutter head 102, and a chamber 108 is formed between the cutter head 102 and the bulkhead 107. One end of the chamber chamber 108 is open at the other end of the sludge pipe 109 and the sludge pipe 110 extending outside the shield excavator. An agitator 111 for stirring and mixing earth and sand and muddy water is provided. The bulkhead 107 is provided with a manlock 112 for getting out of the machine, and a chemical solution injection tube 113 is provided on the outer periphery of the front end of the skin plate 101.

[0005] A plurality of shield jacks 114 are arranged in the circumferential direction around the rear outside of the skin plate 101, and the spreader 115 of the shield jack 114 extends rearward in the excavation direction of the shield excavator to excavate the tunnel. By pressing against the existing segment S constructed on the inner peripheral surface, the skin plate 101 can be advanced by the reaction force. On the other hand, a vertical beam 116 is formed in the center of the rear part of the skin plate 101, and a gantry 117 extends rearward on the vertical beam 116. At the rear of the skin plate 101, a segment erector 119 is supported by a ring gutter 118. The segment erector 119 has a new segment in a space between the skin plate 101 advanced by the shield jack 115 and the existing segment S. A tunnel can be constructed by mounting S. Further, a perfect circle holding device 120 is provided behind the shield jack 115.

A plurality of copy cutters 121 are provided on the outer periphery of the cutter head 102. That is, the hollow cut-spoke 1 constituting the cutter head 102
A hydraulic jack 123 is mounted in the inside 22, and a copy cutter 121 is connected to a distal end portion of a drive rod 124 of the hydraulic jack 123 by a connecting pin 125. Therefore, the copy cutter 121 can be moved in the radial direction of the cutter head 102 by driving the hydraulic jack 123 to expand and contract the drive rod 124.

Therefore, in order to excavate and form a tunnel, first, the plurality of shield jacks 114 are extended while rotating the cutter head 102 by the hydraulic motor 105,
By moving the skin plate 101 forward by the reaction force against the existing segment S, a number of cutter bits 103 of the cutter head 102 excavate the ground in front. The earth and sand excavated by the cutter bit 103 is taken into the chamber 108, supplied with water from a mud pipe 109, agitated and mixed with the excavated earth and water by an agitator 111, and discharged to the outside by a mud pipe 110. You.
Next, one of the shield jacks 114 is operated in the contracting direction to form a space between the shield jack 114 and the existing segment S,
A new segment S is mounted in this space by the segment erector 119. By repeating this operation, a tunnel of a predetermined length is excavated and formed.

When the excavation section of the tunnel to be excavated has a circular cross section, a circular cutter head 10 is required.
By rotating the skin plate 101 while rotating 2, a tunnel having a circular cross-sectional shape can be excavated. In a tunnel having an elliptical cross-section or a rectangular cross-sectional shape, the above-described copy cutter 121 is used. . That is,
As the cutter head 102 rotates,
The copy cutter 121 is protruded by the hydraulic jack 123 so that the copy cutter 121
It is possible to excavate the ground outside of 02 and excavate a tunnel having an elliptical cross section or a rectangular cross section.

[0009]

In such a conventional shield excavator, when a tunnel having an irregular cross-sectional shape is excavated and formed, the cutter head 102 (cutter bit 10) is used.
3) excavates the central circular cross-section,
1 is to excavate an extra part outside the central circular cross section. That is, the copy cutter 1 is applied to the central circular cross section excavated by the many cutter bits 103.
Obviously, the excavation efficiency of the excavated portion of the excavated portion 21 is not good, and the copy cutter 121 is more worn out than the large number of cutter bits 103, so that it is not possible to excavate a long distance continuously. There is.

Further, in this conventional shield excavator, the copy cutter 121 is accommodated in the cutter spoke 122 of the cutter head 102, so that the structure of the copy cutter 121 cannot be increased in size. Have difficulty. Therefore, if the amount of expansion and contraction of the copy cutter 121 is increased in order to increase the excavated portion, there is a possibility that the copy cutter 121 may be broken, and it is difficult to form tunnels having various excavated cross sections by this shield excavator. .

The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and it is possible to prevent a partial decrease in excavation efficiency in a tunnel excavation cross section, enable long-distance continuous excavation work, and simplify the structure. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method aiming at the above.

[0012]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel excavator, comprising: a tubular excavator body;
Propulsion means for moving the excavator body forward, a cutter head mounted rotatably at the front of the excavator body, cutter head driving means for driving and rotating the cutter head,
In a tunnel excavator provided with a number of cutter bits mounted on a front portion of the cutter head, the cutter head includes a first cutter spoke on a rotation center side and an outer peripheral portion of the first cutter spoke before and after the excavation direction. And a second cut-spoke rotatably connected to the second cut-spoke, the second cut-spoke being rotatably supported by the cut-spoke turning means.

Therefore, the excavator body is advanced by the propulsion means while the first and second cutter spokes as the cutter head are driven and rotated by the cutter head driving means, so that the ground in front is excavated by a large number of cutter bits. When the tunnel to be excavated has an irregular cross-sectional shape, with the drive rotation of the first and second cut-spokes and the advance of the excavator body,
Excavation is performed by rotating the second cutter spoke by the cutter spoke rotating means, and a tunnel having an irregular cross section is excavated.

Further, in the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, the cutter head and the cutter head are connected to the cutter head by driving the cutter head mounted on the front portion of the excavator body while rotating the excavator body. In a tunnel excavation method in which a cutter bit mounted on each front surface of the rotating member excavates a ground in front to form a tunnel, the cutter head comprises: a first cut-spoke on a rotation center side;
A second cutter spoke, which is connected to an outer peripheral portion of the cutter spoke, wherein the second cutter spoke is rotated back and forth in the excavation direction with the driving rotation of the first and second cutter spokes. It is characterized by being able to excavate a tunnel having an irregular cross section by digging.

Therefore, it is possible to continuously excavate a long-distance tunnel.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a shield excavator as a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view of the shield excavator.

In the shield excavator of the present embodiment, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, a cutter head 12 is rotatably mounted at the front of a cylindrical skin plate 11 as an excavator body. This cutter head 12
Four first cut-spokes 13 extending radially,
Each of the first cut spokes 13 has a second cut spoke 14 connected to the outer periphery thereof. That is, the second cut-spoke 14 is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral end of the first cut-spoke 13 by a connecting shaft 15 substantially orthogonal to the excavation direction. The tip of a drive rod 18 of a hydraulic jack 17 as a cutter spoke rotation means mounted on the cutter drum 16 is connected to the second cutter spoke 14 by a connection pin 19. And
A number of cutter bits 20 are fixed to the front surfaces of the first and second cut-spokes 13 and 14. Therefore, by driving the hydraulic jack 17 to expand and contract the drive rod 18, the projecting position where the second Kata's spoke 14 is located substantially in line with the first Kata's spoke 13 and the housing position where the second Kata's spoke 14 is housed in the skin plate 11 are obtained. Can be pivoted between.

A ring gear (not shown) is fixed to the cutter drum 16 fixed to the rear portion of the cutter head 12, while a cutter driving device 22 having a hydraulic motor 21 as cutter head driving means is mounted on the skin plate 11.
Is mounted, and a driving gear (not shown) of the cutter driving device 22 meshes with the ring gear. Therefore, when the cutter driving device 22 is driven by the hydraulic motor 21, the cutter head 12 (the first
The cutter spoke 13 and the second cut spoke 14) can be rotated.

A bulkhead 23 is attached to the front of the skin plate 11 behind the cutter head 12, and the cutter head 12 and the bulkhead 2
2, a chamber 24 is formed. And
An excavated earth and sand discharging device (not shown) is connected to the chamber 24. A plurality of shield jacks (propulsion means) (not shown) are arranged in the circumferential direction around the rear outside of the skin plate 11, and the shield jack extends rearward in the excavation direction of the shield excavator and excavates the tunnel. By pressing against the existing segment constructed on the inner peripheral surface, the skin plate 11 can be advanced by the reaction force. Further, a segment erector (not shown) is attached to the rear of the skin plate 11, and this segment erector mounts a new segment in a space between the skin plate 11 advanced by the shield jack and the existing segment to open a tunnel. Can be built.

Here, the operation of the above-described shield excavator of the present embodiment will be described.

First, in order to excavate and form a tunnel having a circular cross section, the hydraulic jack 17 is driven to drive the drive rod 18.
By expanding and contracting, the second cut-spoke 14 is rotated, and the second cut-spoke 14 is moved to a position having a predetermined excavation size. In this state, the cutter driving device 22 is driven by the hydraulic motor 21, so that the cutter head 12, that is, the first cutter spokes 13 and the second cutter spokes 14 are formed.
While rotating, extend multiple shield jacks,
When the skin plate 11 is advanced by the reaction force against the existing segment S, the multiple cutter bits 19 of the cutter head 12 excavate the ground in front. The earth and sand excavated by the cutter bit 19 is supplied to the chamber 24.
It is taken in and discharged to the outside by the excavated earth and sand discharging device. Then, one of the shield jacks is operated in the contracting direction to form a space between the shield jack and the existing segment, and a new segment is mounted in the space by the segment erector. By repeating this operation, a tunnel of a predetermined length is excavated and formed.

In order to excavate and form a tunnel having an irregular cross-sectional shape, for example, a rectangular cross-sectional shape, the hydraulic jack 17 is driven to expand and contract the drive rod 18 to rotate the second cut-spoke 14. The two-catus spoke 14 is moved to a position where a predetermined excavation size is obtained. In this state, the cutter head 12, that is, the first cutter spoke 13,
A plurality of shield jacks are extended while rotating the second cut spoke 14, and the skin plate 11 is advanced by a pressing reaction force against the existing segment S,
A number of cutter bits 19 of the cutter head 12 start excavating the ground ahead. Then, by driving the hydraulic jack 17 at a predetermined rotation position (angle) of the cutter head 12 to extend and contract the drive rod 18, the cutter head 12 reciprocates and rotates so as to project and house the second cut-spoke 14. The second cut-spokes 14 excavate the surplus portion. That is, when the second cut-spoke 14 comes to a corner of a tunnel having a rectangular cross-sectional shape, it protrudes outward and excavates this corner.
By repeating this operation, a tunnel having a rectangular cross section can be excavated.

[0023]

As described in detail in the above embodiments, according to the tunnel excavator of the present invention, a cutter head having a large number of cutter bits is rotatably mounted at the front of a cylindrical excavator body. The cutter head is composed of a first cutter spoke on the rotation center side and a second cutter spoke connected to the outer periphery of the first cutter spoke so as to be rotatable back and forth in the direction of excavation. Since it is rotatably supported by the spoke rotating means, when necessary, the second cut-spoke is protruded outward and dug to easily excavate a tunnel having an irregular cross-sectional shape. It is possible to prevent a partial decrease in excavation efficiency, perform excavation work continuously over long distances, and simplify the structure.

Further, according to the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, the cutter head is constituted by the first cut-spoke on the rotation center side and the second cut-spoke connected to the outer periphery of the first cut-spoke. Since the second Kattas spoke is rotated back and forth in the direction of excavation with the drive rotation of the first Katas spoke and the second Katas spoke, a tunnel with an irregular cross-section can be excavated, so that the irregular cross-sectional shape can be easily formed. Tunnel excavation can be performed, and a partial decrease in excavation efficiency in the tunnel excavation cross section can be prevented.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a shield excavator as a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the shield excavator.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a conventional shield excavator.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a copy cutter.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Skin plate (excavator main body) 12 Cutter head 13 1st cut-spoke 14 Second cut-spoke 17 Hydraulic jack (rotation means) 20 Cutter bit 22 Cutter drive

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Toshihiko Bessho 1-25-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Taisei Corporation

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An excavator body having a cylindrical shape, a propulsion means for advancing the excavator body, a cutter head rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator body, and driving and rotating the cutter head. In a tunnel excavator provided with a cutter head driving means and a number of cutter bits mounted on a front portion of the cutter head, the cutter head includes a first cutter spoke on a rotation center side, and a first cutter spoke of the first cutter spoke. A tunnel cutter having a second cut-spoke that is rotatably connected to the outer periphery in the excavating direction and that is rotatably supported by a cut-spoke turning means. . 2. A front part of the cutter head and a rotating member connected to the cutter head by driving the cutter head mounted on a front part of the excavator body to advance the excavator body while driving and rotating the cutter head. In a tunnel excavation method in which a cutter bit mounted on a tunnel excavates a ground in front to form a tunnel, the cutter head is connected to a first cut-spoke on a rotation center side and an outer peripheral portion of the first cut-spoke. A tunnel having an irregular cross-section by having a second cut-spoke and rotating the second cut-spoke forward and backward in accordance with the drive rotation of the first and second cut-spokes. A tunnel excavation method, wherein a tunnel can be excavated.