JP2015151366A - Raw material which inhibit visceral fat accumulation in cultured fishes, livestock and pet animals, and feed for animals using the raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide raw material which can inhibit visceral fat accumulation in cultured fishes, livestock, and pet animals without affecting the animals in their gain in weight and growth.SOLUTION: Visceral fat accumulation in rearing animals are inhibited by feeding raw material containing both anserine and creatine to the rearing animals in combination with feed or by feeding feed containing the raw material to the rearing animals. The combination ratio of anserine to creatine is 5.8 or more and less than 57:1 based on weight.

Description

  The present invention relates to a material that suppresses visceral fat accumulation without affecting the body weight of farmed fish, livestock animals, and pet animals, and an animal feed using the material.

  In pet animals such as small fish and small animals, feed with high nutritional value is given, but on the other hand, obesity and associated diseases are increasing due to lack of exercise due to rearing in a small space. In addition, livestock such as cattle, pigs and chickens, poultry, and farmed fish such as tuna, yellowtail, hamachi, red sea bream, and amberjack are fed a high protein, high fat, high calorie diet to promote efficient growth. It tends to be. In common with these pet animals, livestock animals, and cultured fish, problems such as diseases based on obesity and a decrease in the survival rate are becoming serious, and improvements are desired. Especially in cultured fish, the survival rate decreases due to storing more fat than necessary compared to natural fish, the edible yield decreases due to the increase in the visceral weight ratio relative to the body weight. There is a problem such as lowering.

  In order to solve such problems in the background art, Patent Document 1 discloses an “oral administration composition for animals using coconut fruit endosperm skin as an active ingredient for obtaining an effect of reducing the amount of accumulated body fat, an effect of improving obesity, and the like. Product and its manufacturing method ".

  Patent Document 2 discloses use of a protein derived from a specific fish for the suppression of weight gain and / or weight loss of a hydrolyzate by an endopeptidase enzyme derived from Bacillus subtilis. Patent Document 2 discloses a reduction in visceral fat due to a hydrolyzate in a mouse having a high fat (HL) and high dietary contribution of protein to energy of 80%. The thing basically has the effect of suppressing or reducing weight gain.

  In Patent Document 3, the weight increase rate of the cultured fish is increased by feeding the cultured fish with a feed that is added at a ratio of 0.1 to 25 parts by weight of pepper to 100 parts by weight of the feed raw material containing fish meal. Also disclosed are methods for reducing body fat, particularly intraperitoneal fat.

  Patent Document 4 discloses a feed containing docosahexaenoic acid and / or conjugated docosahexaenoic acid, and a culture method using the same, for the purpose of regulating the body fat content and lipid composition of the cultured fish. In the Example of patent document 4, the influence of the feed on the lipid content of rainbow trout viscera and muscle after 21 weeks of breeding is evaluated.

  Patent Document 5 provides an artificial mixed feed for tuna fish that improves the survival rate in the juvenile stage, is sufficiently satisfied with the growth rate and obesity level, and contains a lipid source that is less expensive than streak oil. An artificial mixed feed for tuna larvae is disclosed, which is obtained by blending a fish-derived phospholipid fraction prepared from crude oil extracted from the fish head as the main raw material.

  Patent Document 6 aims to provide an artificial mixed feed for tuna fish and a method for rearing tuna fish, which make it possible to breed tuna fish with a high growth rate, obesity rate, and survival rate. An artificially formulated feed for raising tuna fish containing at least 45 to 75% by weight of enzyme-treated fish meal and 3 to 10% by weight of plant polar lipid is disclosed.

  Patent Document 7 discloses a functional food or food material having an antioxidant action, an anti-fatigue action, and an anti-obesity action, and a method for producing them, using a high-grade chicken extract as an active ingredient.

  Patent Document 8 discloses a diet processed food material extracted from fish and containing histidine as an active ingredient, and a diet processed food using the same.

  Patent Document 9 discloses a body fat reduction promoter containing creatine as an active ingredient, a food composition for promoting body fat reduction, and a method for promoting body fat reduction.

  On the other hand, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that zebrafish is highly extrapolated not only to fish but also to obesity conditions in mammals, and has a common physiological metabolic pathway with other fish and mammals. .

JP 2006-81530 A Special table 2012-530506 gazette Japanese Patent No. 4382895 JP 2002-58435 A JP 2013-59293 A JP 2008-220180 A Japanese Patent No. 4712256 JP-A-2005-224169 JP 2001-131065 A

Takehiko Oka. Et al., BMC Physiology. Oct 21; 10: 21, 2010

  Conventional materials having an anti-obesity action effect and feeds containing the same place importance on suppressing weight gain, and little investigation has been made on the action of inhibiting fat accumulation in the viscera. In addition, conventional materials that suggest suppression of visceral fat accumulation have an effect on body weight such as weight gain or weight loss at the same time.

  From such a background, there has been a demand for an effective means for maintaining the health of pet animals, and having no influence on body weight in livestock animals and farmed fish and suppressing fat accumulation in internal organs. However, Patent Documents 1 to 9 do not contain any description or suggestion for obtaining such effective means.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a material having no effect on the body weight of an animal to be reared and having an effect of suppressing the accumulation of visceral fat, an animal feed containing this material, and animal breeding using this animal feed. It is to provide a method.

  Since the present inventors have high genetic extrapolation to mammals, the effect on livestock and pet animals as well as farmed fish can be efficiently verified (space-saving, cost-saving, short term). By using zebrafish, the effect of diet containing both anserine and creatine on body weight and visceral fat accumulation was examined. As a result, it was found that by feeding zebrafish with a feed containing both anserine and creatine, the combination of anserine and creatine itself does not affect the increase or decrease in body weight, but can suppress fat accumulation in the liver. It was. In the viscera, the liver is considered to be a major organ in which fat is accumulated from the weight ratio, and the liver fat accumulation inhibitory effect was defined as the visceral fat accumulation inhibitory effect. Furthermore, when the feed which mixed the raw material which contains both anserine and creatine was fed, the same effect was confirmed, and it came to complete this invention.

A material for suppressing visceral fat accumulation in domestic animals according to the present invention is characterized by containing both anserine and creatine as active ingredients.
Moreover, the feed for domestic animals according to the present invention includes the above-described material.
One aspect of the breeding method according to the present invention is characterized by feeding and ingesting the above-mentioned feed to a breeding animal.
Another aspect of the breeding method according to the present invention is characterized in that a breeding animal feed and the above-mentioned material are used in combination and fed to the breeding animal.
A breeding set for breeding animals according to the present invention is characterized by having a feed for breeding animals and the material prepared separately from the feed.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the raw material which can suppress accumulation | storage of a visceral fat can be provided, without affecting increase / decrease in a body weight, growth, etc. with respect to domestic animals, such as cultured fish, livestock products, and a pet animal. The following effects can be provided by the present invention.

(1) Suppression of visceral fat accumulation in farmed fish, livestock animals, and pet animals.
(2) Improvement of survival rate by preventing and reducing visceral diseases in farmed fish and livestock animals.
(3) Maintaining health by preventing and reducing visceral diseases such as pet animals.
(4) Efficient production that maintains and improves edible yield in livestock and fish farming, and provision of high-quality meat.

The weight change of the zebrafish during the test period in Example 1 is shown. Expressed as mean ± standard deviation, * indicates a significant difference between obesity control group and p <0.05 (Dunnett-test), and ** indicates p <0.01 (Dunnett-test). The area ratio of the site | part in which fat accumulation was seen in the microscope image of the liver tissue of Example 1 is shown. Expressed as mean ± standard deviation, ** indicates that there is a significant difference (p <0.01, Dunnett-test) from the obesity control group. The weight change of the zebrafish during the test period in Example 2 is shown. Expressed as mean ± standard deviation, ** indicates that there is a significant difference (p <0.01, Dunnett-test) from the obesity control group. The area ratio of the site | part in which fat accumulation was seen in the microscope image of the liver tissue of Example 2 is shown. Expressed as mean ± standard deviation, ** indicates that there is a significant difference (p <0.01, Dunnett-test) from the obesity control group. The weight transition of the zebrafish during the test period in Example 3 is shown. Expressed as mean ± standard deviation, * indicates that there is a significant difference (p <0.05, Dunnett-test) from the obesity control group. The area ratio of the site | part in which fat accumulation was seen in the microscope image of the liver tissue of Example 3 is shown. Expressed as mean ± standard deviation, ** indicates that there is a significant difference (p <0.01, Dunnett-test) from the obesity control group.

  The material for animal rearing feed according to the present invention contains creatine and anserine as active ingredients for obtaining the action of suppressing visceral fat accumulation in the rearing animals. By combining creatine and anserine, visceral fat accumulation can be suppressed without affecting the weight of the domestic animal. Therefore, by using creatine and anserine in combination with feed for breeding, accumulation of visceral fat in the breeding animals can be suppressed without impairing the breeding effect of the feed. For example, when the feed is intended to increase the weight of the domestic animal or allows the weight increase, the weight increase is not suppressed by the material. Further, when the feed is intended to maintain the weight within the allowable range of the domestic animal, there is no increase or decrease in the body weight due to the material, and the weight maintenance effect by the feed is not affected.

  Therefore, when the feed contains caloric sources and nutrients necessary for the growth of the domestic animals and the purpose is to increase the body weight associated with the growth, the feed can be given to the domestic animals by using a material containing creatine and anserine. Accumulation of visceral fat can be suppressed without suppressing the intended increase in weight due to giving. By feeding a breeding animal with a high growth efficiency feed that has a high content of at least one of protein, lipid and calorie, and even when visceral fat tends to accumulate normally, by using a material containing creatine and anserine together The accumulation of visceral fat can be suppressed while maintaining high growth efficiency.

  Maintaining the weight or weight gain of the intended breeding animal by feeding the feed, in combination with a material containing creatine and anserine, even when feeding the breeding animal for the maintenance of adult living organisms Or the target visceral fat accumulation inhibitory effect can be acquired, without impairing weight loss.

  Thus, the effect of the present invention can be obtained by feeding a domestic animal with a material and feed that are characterized by containing both anserine and creatine, or by feeding a feed containing the material. can get. Therefore, the material according to the present invention can be used as an auxiliary agent for preventing visceral fat accumulation in animal breeding using feed for breeding.

  Animal breeding according to the present invention includes animal breeding, adult animal maintenance, and the like.

  Examples of domestic animals include the following various animals.

  Examples of the cultured fish include tuna, yellowtail, hamachi, red sea bream, amberjack, coho salmon, horse mackerel, flounder, puffer fish, tiger prawn, rainbow trout, sweetfish, carp, crucian carp, eel, tilapia, haklen, and carp.

  Examples of livestock animals include dairy cows, beef cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, rabbits, chickens, quails, ducks, turkeys and ostriches.

  In pet animals, for example, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, mice, ferrets, tortoises, snakes, chameleons, lizards, small butterflies, white-eye, owls, parakeets, yew, marmoset, squirrel monkeys, guppy, platy, medaka, neon tetra, Examples include zebrafish, discus, angelfish, loach, cichlid, betta, Corydoras, otocin, lorikaria, catfish, rainbowfish, goby, boxfish, crayfish, bee shrimp, tiger shrimp, and gibbon.

  The feed material according to the present invention contains creatine and anserine as active ingredients for suppressing the accumulation of visceral fat. Examples of the material containing both anserine and creatine include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, or animal-derived extract materials obtained from mammalian meat, bone or skin. The raw material may be in a raw state, or a processed product such as a dried product, an extract and a concentrate may be used. Furthermore, a part or all of at least one of anserine and creatine may be a purified product.

Furthermore, the following can be mentioned as an extract raw material and a concentrate raw material.
A: An animal-derived extract obtained from fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, or mammalian meat, bone or skin, or a waste solution thereof.
B: An extract obtained by adding the extractant in the form of minced meat, bone and skin of A and stirring, and a concentrate thereof.

  These extracts and concentrates may be further concentrated or purified by desalting, concentration operation, purification operation, or the like. Moreover, you may dry as needed and may provide as a dried material or powder.

  Examples of the waste liquid in the method A include boiling water obtained when steaming fish meat, washing water obtained when water washing fish, and drip of fish meat. These waste liquids can be concentrated and / or dried by heat treatment, filtration treatment, vacuum concentration, lyophilization treatment, etc. under conditions where there is no contamination or propagation of germs or the like, and animal-derived extracts can be obtained. When these waste liquids are used, solid content and unnecessary components may be removed by separation processing such as filtration and various purification methods as necessary in consideration of the preference at the time of feeding the material.

  The extraction temperature for obtaining the animal-derived extract in the method B is preferably 0 to 100 ° C. The extraction solvent is not limited to water, and water in which an acid, an alkali, an inorganic salt, or the like is added, or a combination of an appropriate organic solvent such as hydrous ethanol in water can be used. The residue obtained at the time of extraction is separated from the extract, and the extract is preferably desalted. The extract can be obtained by concentrating and drying the obtained concentrated solution.

  As an extractant, acidic aqueous solutions such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, lactic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid and L-ascorbic acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide are used within the range that does not impair the palatability at the time of feeding. And basic aqueous solutions such as potassium hydroxide, salt aqueous solutions such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone and hexane.

  The blending ratio of anserine and creatine contained in the material is such that the anserine is 5.8 or more, more preferably 5.8 or more and less than 57 when creatine is 1 in weight%.

  The material according to the present invention can be made into preparations such as tablets, powders, granules, liquids, and emulsifiers using excipients and diluents. This preparation may contain anserine and creatine and an excipient, and may further comprise fats, fragrances, emulsifiers and the like as necessary. For example, dextrin can be used as the excipient, beef fat as the fat and oil, fish odor flavor as the fragrance, and glycerin fatty acid ester as the emulsifier, but it is not particularly limited. Furthermore, it is good also as a liquid agent which contained anserine and creatine in liquid media, such as water and the aqueous solution of the salt accept | permitted as a feed ingredient. The blending ratio of anserine and creatine in the preparation is 3.0% to 50.0% by weight of anserine, more preferably 3.6% to 11.2% by weight, and 0.05% by weight to creatine. It is 5.0% by weight, more preferably 0.06% by weight to 1.5% by weight.

  By blending the material according to the present invention into feed for domestic animals, a feed having an effect of preventing visceral fat accumulation can be obtained. Or the feed which has the visceral fat accumulation | storage prevention effect can be obtained by mix | blending anserine and creatine with the feed for domestic animals. It does not specifically limit about the animal feed for mix | blending anserine and creatine, It can select according to the breeding purpose of a domestic animal. For example, commercially available feeds for raising cultured fish, feeds for livestock animals, feeds for pet animals, etc. that are usually used or prepared according to the purpose can be used. The content ratio of anserine and creatine in the feed having the visceral fat accumulation preventing effect is 3.0% to 50.0% by weight of anserine, more preferably 3.6% to 11.2% by weight. Is in the range of 0.05 wt% to 5.0 wt%, more preferably 0.06 wt% to 1.5 wt%.

As a method of feeding and feeding a domestic animal with the material according to the present invention,
A: A method for preparing materials according to the present invention separately from normal feed and giving them simultaneously and / or with a time difference,
B: A method of giving a mixed feed in which the material according to the present invention is mixed with a normal feed, and C: a method of using these methods A and B together,
Can be mentioned.

  In addition, it is possible to use a method of feeding in combination with feed for domestic animals and the material according to the present invention, or feed containing this material, and further, feed for domestic animals and the present invention. A method of feeding a mixture of such a material and a feed containing this material can also be used.

  The normal feed is a breeding feed that is routinely fed for the purpose of breeding domestic animals, and at least one of a raw feed and a mixed feed is used as the normal feed. Usually, feed is selected and used according to the kind of breeding animal and breeding purpose.

  When the raw material according to the present invention is used by mixing it with a mixed feed as a normal feed, it is desirable to use the raw material according to the present invention in the form of a dry powder or a concentrated extract. As the dry powder material, for example, CBEX (Nippon Ham Co., Ltd.), Marine Active 10 (Yaizu Fisheries Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be used. The administration period is 4 weeks or more, preferably 5 weeks or more.

  The dose of the material to the domestic animal, that is, the amount of food intake in the domestic animal varies depending on the kind of the domestic animal, the purpose of breeding, etc., and is appropriately selected. For example, when administered to a general fish, anserine is usually 100 mg to 5000 mg, creatine is 5.0 mg to 500 mg, more preferably 440 mg to 1343 mg, and creatine is 7.7 mg to 169 mg per kg body weight per day. Is suitable. These doses are usually administered once or divided into several times a day. The dose can be appropriately selected during the day.

  Furthermore, the blending amount of anserine and creatine in the feed having the visceral fat accumulation preventing effect is in the range of 3.6% to 11.2% by weight of anserine and 0.06% to 1.5% by weight of creatine. Preferably there is.

  In addition, when rearing together with feed for breeding and a material having an effect of preventing visceral fat accumulation, for example, when administered to general fish, the total amount of feed and material per day A dose of 100 mg to 5000 mg anserine, 5.0 mg to 500 mg creatine, more preferably 440 mg to 1343 mg anserine, and 7.7 mg to 169 mg creatine per kg body weight is suitable. These doses are usually administered once or divided into several times a day. The dose can be appropriately selected during the day. In the case of breeding by the above-mentioned method C, the total amount of feed and material, for example, when administered to general fish, the total amount of feed and material is one day. A dose of 100 mg to 5000 mg of anserine, 5.0 mg to 500 mg of creatine, more preferably 440 mg to 1343 mg of anserine and 7.7 mg to 169 mg of creatine per kg body weight is suitable. These doses are usually administered once or divided into several times a day. The dose can be appropriately selected during the day.

  EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
Zebrafish adult breeding was according to THE ZEBRAFISH BOOK (by Monte Westerfield, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon). Artemia was administered as a feed for rearing by using female zebrafish females of the AB line strain. Artemia eggs (Miyako Chemical Co., Ltd.) were cultured in a 3.0% aqueous sodium chloride solution for 24 hours, and a culture solution containing hatched artemia was concentrated to 1/10 amount. During the test period, this Artemia culture concentrate was given to the non-obesity induction group at 0.5 mL / animal / day and to the obesity induction group at 6.0 mL / animal / day. The feed which mix | blended each of the anserine nitrate (Sigma) and the creatine (Sigma) individually as a test substance was prepared and used. Table 1 shows the weight percentages of anserine and creatine in the feed containing raw materials containing these test substances. These material-containing feeds were administered separately from the artemia feed so that the intake amount was 4.0 mg / g body weight / day for anserine and 0.42 mg / g body weight / day for creatine.

  In the control group, a feed containing gluten instead of the test substance was administered and ingested. In the obesity induction group, only the obesity induction was performed for the first 2 weeks in the 6-week test period, and then the test substance administration was performed for 4 weeks. Each individual was weighed once a week, euthanized on ice at the end point (6th week), and then the liver was removed. A frozen tissue section of the excised liver was prepared by a conventional method, liver tissue fat was stained by an oil red O staining method, and an image was obtained with an optical microscope. Using the image analysis software WinROOF (Mitani Corporation), the proportion of the stained area out of the total cell area in the visual field was quantified.

  The results are shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. There was no significant difference in body weight and liver fat accumulation in the anserine administration group compared to the obesity (induction) control group, and body weight and liver fat accumulation were significantly reduced in the creatine administration group.

(Example 2)
Zebrafish adult breeding was according to THE ZEBRAFISH BOOK (by Monte Westerfield, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon). AB line strain zebrafish female adults were used to administer the mixed feed as feed for breeding. In the non-obesity induction group, restricted feeding of about 3% of the body weight per day was performed once a day, and in the obesity induction group, satiety feeding until eating was stopped three times a day. A material-containing feed in which anserine nitrate (Sigma) and creatine (Sigma) were mixed as test substances was prepared. Table 2 shows the weight percentages of anserine and creatine in the feed containing raw materials containing these test substances. Apart from the above-mentioned mixed feed, this raw material-containing feed was administered such that anserine had an intake of 1.34 mg / g body weight / day and creatine had an intake of 0.14 mg / g body weight / day.

  The control group was administered and ingested a feed containing casein instead of the test substance. In the obesity induction group, the test substance was administered from the beginning of the 5-week test period. Each individual was weighed once a week, euthanized on ice at the end point (5th week), and then the liver was removed. A frozen tissue section of the extracted liver was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and liver tissue fat was stained by an oil red O staining method, and an image was obtained with an optical microscope. Using the image analysis software WinROOF (Mitani Corporation), the proportion of the stained area out of the total cell area in the visual field was quantified.

  The results are shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. While there was no significant difference in body weight gain between the anserine and creatine groups compared to the obese (induction) control group, liver fat accumulation was significantly reduced.

(Example 3)
Zebrafish adult breeding was according to THE ZEBRAFISH BOOK (by Monte Westerfield, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon). AB line strain zebrafish female adults were used as the feed. In the non-obesity induction group, restricted feeding of about 3% of the body weight per day was performed once a day, and in the obesity induction group, satiety feeding until eating was stopped three times a day. Salmon extract, bonito extract, and chicken extract as test substances were mixed at a dose of 3.9 mg / g body weight / day to prepare a raw material as a visceral fat accumulation inhibitor to prepare a raw material-containing feed. In this raw material-containing feed, salmon extract, bonito extract, and chicken extract were each contained at 32.5% by weight, and were administered separately from the above blended feed. Table 3 shows the content ratio (% by weight) of creatine and anserine contained in these test substances and the weight ratio thereof. Table 4 shows the weight percentages of anserine and creatine in the feed containing raw materials containing these test substances. Table 5 shows the average intake per kg body weight of anserine and creatine per day during the test period.

  The control group received a feed containing casein instead of the test substance. In the obesity induction group, the test substance was administered from the beginning of the 5-week test period. Each individual was weighed once a week, euthanized on ice at the end point (5th week), and then the liver was removed. A frozen tissue section of the extracted liver was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and liver tissue fat was stained by an oil red O staining method, and an image was obtained with an optical microscope. Using the image analysis software WinROOF (Mitani Corporation), the proportion of the stained area out of the total cell area in the visual field was quantified.

  The results are shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. While no significant difference was seen in weight gain in each extract administration group compared to the obesity (induction) control group, liver fat accumulation was significantly reduced.

Claims (14)

  A material for suppressing visceral fat accumulation in domestic animals characterized by containing both anserine and creatine as active ingredients.   The raw material according to claim 1, which contains anserine in an amount of 5.8 or more and less than 57 when the creatine content is 1 on a weight basis.   The material according to claim 2, which contains an excipient or a diluent and is formulated.   The feed for domestic animals containing the raw material of any one of Claim 2 or 3.   The feed according to claim 4, wherein the domestic animal is a cultured fish.   The feed according to claim 4, wherein the domestic animal is a livestock animal.   The feed according to claim 4, wherein the domestic animal is a pet animal.   Breeding of domestic animals characterized by feeding the domestic animal with the feed according to any one of claims 5 to 7 as creatine intake in the feed at a daily dose of 7.7 mg / kg body weight to 169 mg / kg body weight Method.   A method for raising domestic animals, comprising feeding for domestic animals and the raw material or feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 satisfying claim 8 and feeding in combination.   A method for raising a domestic animal, comprising feeding a domestic animal feed and the raw material or feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 while satisfying claim 8.   The breeding method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the feed and the material are separately prepared and used together.   The breeding method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the breeding animal is a cultured fish, a livestock animal or a pet animal.   A feed set for domestic animals, comprising a feed for domestic animals and the material according to any one of claims 2 and 3 prepared separately from the feed.   14. The set according to claim 13, wherein the domestic animal is a cultured fish, livestock animal or pet animal.