JP2023091832A - Genus seriola cultured fish, and raising method of genus seriola cultured fish - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide genus Seriola cultured fish highly containing an imidazole-based compound and taurine.SOLUTION: A feed containing sulfur-containing amino acid as much as 250 mg/100 g or more and an imidazole-based compound as much as 50 mg/100 g or more is fed to genus Seriola cultured fish continuously for 14 days or longer, to thereby obtain genus Seriola cultured fish highly containing the imidazole-based compound and taurine. Preferably, a fasting period of 1-7 days is provided just before shipping.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cultured Seriola fish containing a high content of imidazole compounds and taurine, and a method for raising the cultured Seriola fish.

Imidazole-based compounds are also called histidine-related compounds, and include histidine as a free amino acid, π-methylhistidine and τ-methylhistidine in which histidine is methylated, and carnosine and anserine, which are dipeptides containing these histidine-based amino acids. is included in this. Among imidazole-based compounds, imidazole dipeptide in particular has a buffering effect, antioxidant power, etc., and is known to be abundantly contained in the muscle tissue of vertebrates, especially migratory fish (Non-Patent Document 1). It has been reported that when imidazole dipeptide is ingested by humans as a functional food, anti-fatigue effect, motor function improving effect, etc. can be obtained (Non-Patent Document 2).

Taurine is a compound also called 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid and aminoethylsulfonic acid, and is a component abundantly contained in squid, octopus, shellfish, crustaceans and fish. It is known that it has the effect of regulating osmotic pressure in vivo and restoring and stabilizing biological membranes in the event of functional disorder or morphological abnormality (Non-Patent Document 1). It has a high antioxidant effect, and when humans ingest it as a functional food, effects such as lower blood cholesterol and triglycerides, improved liver function, suppression of visual acuity deterioration, promotion of insulin secretion, and prevention of hypertension can be obtained. is known (Non-Patent Document 3).

Non-Patent Document 4 discloses cultured yellowtail containing a relatively high concentration of anserine, but the concentration of histidine contained in normal meat is as low as about 660 mg/100 g, and the concentration of taurine contained in blood meat is also low. Since the concentration is as low as about 200 mg/100 g, it cannot be said that the cultured fish is fully equipped with the functions of both components.

Japan Society of Fisheries Science "Fisheries Science Series [72] Seafood Extract Ingredients" Koseisha Koukaku (1988) Masato Nishitani et al., Journal of Japanese Society for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 123-129 (2009) "Fish Convenience Book" issued by the Japan Fisheries Association (2019) Kenichi Oyama et al., Journal of Japan Society for Food Science and Technology, Vol.64, No.10, pp.507-514 (2017)

An object of the present invention is to provide a cultured fish of the genus Seriola that contains a high content of an imidazole compound and taurine having an antioxidant effect. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising Seriola farmed fish containing high levels of imidazole compounds and taurine.

The present invention provides the following.
(1) Among the muscle tissue of the edible part, the content of the imidazole compound in normal meat is 820 mg / 100 g or more, and the imidazole dipeptide content in the imidazole compound is 1.0% by weight or more, A farmed fish of the genus Seriola, wherein the content of taurine in the blood meat is 250 mg/100 g or more in the muscle tissue of the edible part.
(2) The Seriola farmed fish according to (1), which weighs 1.0 kg or more.
(3) The Seriola farmed fish according to (1) or (2), wherein the content of histidine in normal meat is 800 mg/100 g or more.
(4) The Seriola farmed fish according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the imidazole dipeptide contains anserine.
(5) A method for raising Seriola farmed fish, which comprises feeding Seriola farmed fish with feed containing 250 mg/100 g or more of a sulfur-containing amino acid and 50 mg/100 g or more of an imidazole compound continuously for 14 days or more.
(6) The breeding method according to (5), wherein the feed contains 1.0 mg/100 g or more of β-alanine.
(7) The breeding method according to (5) or (6), which includes fasting the Seriola farmed fish for 1 to 7 days immediately before shipment.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a cultured fish of the genus Seriola that contains a high content of an imidazole-based compound and taurine having an antioxidant action. In addition, it is possible to provide a method for raising Seriola farmed fish containing high levels of imidazole compounds and taurine.

1 is a graph showing the relationship between the content of histidine in normal meat of cultured yellowtail and the fasting period. Assuming that the content of normal meat on day 0 of fasting is 1.0, the measured content of each sample is calculated. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the content of imidazole dipeptide in normal meat of cultured yellowtail and the fasting period. Assuming that the content of normal meat on day 0 of fasting is 1.0, the measured content of each sample is calculated. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the taurine content in the blood meat of farmed yellowtails and the fasting period. The value obtained by calculating the content measurement value of each sample is shown, with the content in blood meat on day 0 of the fasting period being 1.0. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the content of umami amino acids in normal meat of cultured yellowtail and the fasting period. Assuming that the content of normal meat on day 0 of fasting is 1.0, the measured content of each sample is calculated. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the content of bitter amino acids in normal meat of cultured yellowtail and the fasting period. Assuming that the content of normal meat on day 0 of fasting is 1.0, the measured content of each sample is calculated.

<Seriola farmed fish>
In the Seriola farmed fish of the present invention, the imidazole compound content of normal meat in the muscle tissue of the edible part is 820 mg / 100 g or more, and the imidazole dipeptide content in the imidazole compound is 1.0. % by weight or more, and the content of taurine in the blood meat is 250 mg/100 g or more in the muscle tissue of the edible part.

As used herein, “Seriola genus” refers to fish classified into the family Perciformes, and known as Seriola. Seriola quinqueradiata, Seriola dumerili, Seriola lalandi, Seriola rivoliana, Seriola carpenteri, Seriola fasciata, Seriola hipp os, Seriola peruana, Seriola quinqueradiata, Seriola zonata, etc. are mentioned. Yellowtail or amberjack are particularly mentioned. In particular, yellowtail is mentioned.

As used herein, the term "farmed fish" refers to fish that have been fed and raised under breeding management conditions such as in cages before shipment, regardless of the length of the period. As used herein, "farmed fish" includes both natural seedlings and artificial hatching. In contrast, "wild fish" refers to fish that have not been fed and reared under breeding management conditions after being caught at sea until shipping. As used herein, the term "under rearing management conditions" indicates an environment in which various conditions are artificially controlled. Specific conditions are described in the section "Method for raising Seriola farmed fish".

As used herein, the term “edible part” generally refers to all parts that humans ingest, mainly muscle tissue, and also includes around the eyeballs, internal organs, and the like. Much of the edible part of the genus Seriola is occupied by muscle tissue, which is divided into normal muscle tissue (herein also referred to as "normal meat") and bloody meat. As used herein, the term "blood meat" refers to a portion called red fibrous muscle present between the back and belly of a fish, which is dark red in comparison with the surrounding muscle tissue. Muscle tissue is usually composed of about 75-85% by weight of normal meat and about 15-25% by weight of bloody meat.

As used herein, the term "imidazole-based compound" refers to all compounds having an imidazoline group, and particularly to all histidine-based amino acids. Histidine-based amino acids include histidine, π-methylhistidine, τ-methylhistidine, and imidazole dipeptides, and salts thereof. As used herein, "imidazole dipeptide" refers to a dipeptide of histidine and β-alanine, specifically carnosine and anserine. Moreover, the "content of imidazole dipeptide" specifically refers to the total content of carnosine and anserine. In the Seriola farmed fish of the present invention, the content of imidazole compounds in normal meat is 820 mg / 100 g or more, particularly 1000 to 1500 mg / 100 g, in the muscle tissue of the edible part, and the imidazole compound in the The content of imidazole dipeptide is 1.0% by weight or more, especially 3.0 to 8.0% by weight. The Seriola farmed fish of the present invention preferably contains anserine as imidazole dipeptide in normal meat. In particular, the content of anserine in imidazole dipeptide in normal meat is preferably 95% by weight or more.

As used herein, the content of imidazole compounds (including imidazole dipeptide) refers to the amount measured by the following method. An appropriate amount of sample is weighed, 0.02M hydrochloric acid is added and crushed, and then 0.02M hydrochloric acid is added to make the volume 9 times. After thoroughly stirring the sample, the supernatant is separated by centrifugation. An equal volume of 3% sulfosalicylic acid aqueous solution is added to the supernatant, centrifugation is performed again, and the supernatant is recovered and subjected to protein removal treatment. Further, after adding n-hexane and stirring, centrifugal separation is performed, and the lower layer is collected and degreased. This solution or a solution diluted 10-fold as necessary is filtered through a membrane, and the filtrate is subjected to an amino acid analyzer (for example, LA8080 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) to measure the type and content of imidazole compounds.

In the Seriola farmed fish of the present invention, among the imidazole compounds contained in normal meat, the histidine content is 800 mg/100 g or more, particularly 900 to 1300 mg/100 g, and the imidazole dipeptide content in the imidazole compounds. is preferably 1.0% by weight or more. Histidine is one of the essential amino acids and an important component required for protein synthesis in vivo. Since histidine is converted to histamine, which is involved in allergic reactions, excessive intake is not desirable. Suppression is known to promote fat burning. In addition, histidine is known to have an effect on anemia because it is involved in nerve function and necessary for the formation of red blood cells. It is a useful ingredient as long as it does.

As used herein, the content of histidine refers to the amount measured by the following method. An appropriate amount of sample is weighed, 0.02M hydrochloric acid is added and crushed, and then 0.02M hydrochloric acid is added to make the volume 9 times. After thoroughly stirring the sample, the supernatant is separated by centrifugation. An equal volume of 3% sulfosalicylic acid aqueous solution is added to the supernatant, centrifugation is performed again, and the supernatant is recovered and subjected to protein removal treatment. Further, after adding n-hexane and stirring, centrifugal separation is performed, and the lower layer is collected and degreased. The filtrate obtained by filtering this solution or a solution diluted 10-fold as necessary through a membrane is subjected to an amino acid analyzer (for example, LA8080 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) to measure the histidine content.

As used herein, "taurine" refers to a compound also called 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, aminoethylsulfonic acid. In the Seriola farmed fish of the present invention, the taurine content of the blood meat in the muscle tissue of the edible part is 250 mg/100 g or more, particularly 350 to 1200 mg/100 g.

As used herein, the content of taurine refers to the amount measured by the following method. An appropriate amount of sample is weighed, 0.02M hydrochloric acid is added and crushed, and then 0.02M hydrochloric acid is added to make the volume 9 times. After thoroughly stirring the sample, the supernatant is separated by centrifugation. An equal volume of 3% sulfosalicylic acid aqueous solution is added to the supernatant, centrifugation is performed again, and the supernatant is recovered and subjected to protein removal treatment. Further, after adding n-hexane and stirring, centrifugal separation is performed, and the lower layer is collected and degreased. This solution or a solution diluted 10-fold as necessary is filtered through a membrane, and the filtrate is subjected to an amino acid analyzer (for example, LA8080 manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.) to measure the taurine content.

The Seriola farmed fish of the present invention is preferably a fish that has grown to a certain level or more. Specifically, it is preferable that the body weight is 1.0 kg or more, particularly 2.0 kg or more. That is, preferred examples of the Seriola aquaculture fish of the present invention do not include juvenile fish called mojako.

<Method of raising Seriola farmed fish>
The method for raising Seriola farmed fish of the present invention comprises feeding Seriola farmed fish with feed containing 250 mg/100 g or more of sulfur-containing amino acids and 50 mg/100 g or more of imidazole compounds for 14 days or more continuously. characterized by As used herein, "sulphur-containing amino acid" refers to taurine, methionine, cysteine and homocysteine, preferably taurine and methionine.

1. Seriola to be cultured The Seriola to be cultured by the method of the present invention may be derived from artificial hatching or natural seedlings. The number of ages of Seriola at the start of aquaculture varies depending on the aquaculture period, but it is preferable to grow Seriola so that the weight of Seriola will reach 1 kg or more by the time of shipment.

2. Aquaculture under breeding management conditions The above-mentioned Seriola genus to be cultivated is transferred to a dedicated fish cage or water tank and cultivated under breeding management conditions. As conditions during aquaculture, it is necessary to adjust and manage feeding, water temperature, fish density, and the like.

(1) Culture Period and Feeding Conditions In the breeding method of the present invention, the culture period is 14 days or more, preferably 30 days or more, more preferably 60 days or more, and particularly preferably 90 days or more before shipment. Among them, 1 to 7 days (24 to 168 hours) immediately before shipping, preferably 1 to 3 days (24 to 72 hours), more preferably 1 to 2 days (24 to 48 hours) Stop feeding, fasting period It is preferable to provide The present inventors confirmed that imidazole dipeptide and taurine contained in the edible portion of Seriola farmed fish increased and histidine decreased by providing the fasting period. It was also confirmed that the edible portion of Seriola farmed fish increased the content of umami amino acids and decreased the content of bitter amino acids by providing a fasting period. Seriola farmed fish that have undergone a fasting period are preferably shipped immediately.

During the aquaculture period before the fasting period, feeding is preferably carried out by spraying in the cage at least once a day. For 14 days or more, preferably 30 to 90 days, immediately before the fasting period (or immediately before shipment if no fasting period is provided), feed containing a predetermined amount or more of the sulfur-containing amino acid and the imidazole compound is given. The content of sulfur-containing amino acids in the feed fed during the cultivation period should be 250 mg/100 g or more, preferably 300 mg/100 g or more. The content of the imidazole compound is 50 mg/100 g or more, preferably 70 mg/100 g or more. Preferably, the feed further contains β-alanine in an amount of 1.0 mg/100 g or more, particularly 1.2 mg/100 g or more.

The feed is not particularly limited as long as it contains a predetermined amount or more of sulfur-containing amino acids and imidazole compounds. It may be mixed with a mixed feed for moist pellets. The raw materials of the mixed feed are not particularly limited, but usually include animal feed, cereals, vegetable oil cakes, oils and fats, various vitamins, minerals and the like.

(2) Water temperature The water temperature in fish cages and water tanks for cultivating yellowtail is preferably 15 to 28°C, particularly 18 to 27°C, more preferably 20 to 25°C. Since yellowtail fish cages are usually installed on the sea, it is difficult to artificially adjust the water temperature in the fish cage after installation. It is possible to carry out aquaculture under conditions.

(3) Breeding Density The breeding density of yellowtails in a cage or water tank is preferably 3 to 20 kg/m ³ , particularly 7 to 16 kg/m ³ . The size of the fish preserve or water tank is not particularly limited as long as each yellowtail individual can swim without contacting other individuals. It can be said.

The method of the present invention makes it possible to obtain Seriola farmed fish containing high concentrations of imidazole compounds and taurine having antioxidant properties by culturing Seriola under the above breeding management conditions and feeding conditions. do.

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail in the following examples, but the following examples are not intended to limit the present invention.

<Example 1. Breeding test of yellowtail>
A yellowtail breeding experiment was conducted at farms A and B. Table 1 shows the breeding management conditions at farms A and B.

<Example 2. Component Analysis of Feed>
The amounts of imidazole compound, histidine, imidazole dipeptide, anserine, taurine, methionine and β-alanine contained in the compound feed used at farms A and B were measured.

Various components were measured by the following methods. 0.02M hydrochloric acid was added to a predetermined amount of compound feed, crushed, and extracted. After centrifugation (5000 rpm, 15 minutes, 4° C.), a 3% sulfosalicylic acid aqueous solution was added to the supernatant, followed by centrifugation (5000 rpm, 15 minutes, 4° C.) to remove proteins. After removing lipid components by adding n-hexane to the supernatant, the contents of various components were analyzed with an amino acid analyzer (LA8080, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).

Table 2 shows the contents of imidazole compounds, histidine, imidazole dipeptide, anserine and taurine in the compound feed measured by the above method.

<Example 3. Fasting period of cultured yellowtail and various amino acid contents in muscle tissue>
After being reared at farm B, the farmed yellowtail that has undergone a fasting period of 0, 1, 3, and 7 days was cut out from the edible portion of normal meat and blood meat, and the histidine and imidazole dipeptides (anserine, carnosine) in the normal meat were analyzed. ) and the taurine content in the blood meat were measured. In addition, the contents of umami amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine) and bitter amino acids (arginine, histidine, valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine) in normal meat were measured.

Contents of various amino acids, imidazole dipeptide and taurine were measured by the following methods. After blood was removed from the landed fish, it was cooled in salt water and ice water. After that, normal meat and bloody meat were collected in the refrigerator. An appropriate amount of the collected meat was weighed, 0.02M hydrochloric acid was added and crushed, and then 0.02M hydrochloric acid was added to 9 times the volume. After thoroughly stirring the sample, the supernatant was separated by centrifugation (3000 rpm, 10 minutes, 4°C). An equal volume of 3% sulfosalicylic acid aqueous solution was added to the supernatant, centrifugation was performed again (10000 rpm, 10 minutes, 4° C.), and the supernatant was recovered and subjected to protein removal treatment. Further, 2/3 times the amount of n-hexane was added to the supernatant, and after stirring, centrifugation (10000 rpm, 10 minutes, 4° C.) was performed, and the lower layer was collected and degreased. This solution or a solution diluted 10-fold as necessary was filtered through a membrane (0.45 μm), and the filtrate was subjected to an amino acid analyzer (LA8080 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) to analyze the contents of various amino acids. The measurement was performed on one cultured yellowtail for each condition.

Figures 1 and 2 are graphs showing the relationship between the content of histidine and imidazole dipeptide in normal meat and the fasting period, respectively. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the taurine content in blooded meat and the fasting period. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the content of umami amino acids in normal meat and the fasting period. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the content of bitter amino acids in normal meat and the fasting period. Both graphs show values obtained by calculating the measured content of each sample, with the content in normal meat/blood meat on day 0 of the fasting period set to 1.0.

It was confirmed that the histidine content of normal meat decreased slightly by providing a fasting period, and that imidazole dipeptide increased until about day 3 of the fasting period (Figs. 1 and 2). It was confirmed that the content of taurine contained in blooded meat increased by providing a fasting period (Fig. 3). Moreover, it was confirmed that the content of umami amino acids in normal meat increased and the content of bitter amino acids slightly decreased by providing a fasting period (Figs. 4 and 5).

<Example 4. Comparison with known farmed yellowtail>
From farmed yellowtails raised without a fasting period at farms A and B, the normal meat and bloody meat of the edible part were cut out, and the contents of imidazole compounds, histidine and imidazole dipeptide in the normal meat, and taurine in the bloody meat were measured. was measured. Various measurements were performed in the same manner as in Example 3. Table 3 shows the ingredients contained in the cultured yellowtail under each condition. The farmed yellowtail raised at farms A and B has the same imidazole dipeptide content and contains an imidazole compound and taurine as compared with, for example, the farmed yellowtail (comparative example) described in Non-Patent Document 4. amount was shown to be significantly higher.

The present invention provides the following.
(1) A method for raising Seriola farmed fish,
Feeding Seriola farmed fish with feed containing 250 mg/100 g or more of sulfur-containing amino acids and 50 mg/100 g or more of imidazole compounds for 14 days or more continuously;
Fasting Seriola farmed fish for 1 to 7 days immediately prior to shipment; and
Of the muscle tissue of the edible part, the content of the imidazole compound in normal meat is 820 mg / 100 g or more, the content of imidazole dipeptide in the imidazole compound is 1.0% by weight or more, and the edible part obtaining a farmed Seriola fish in which the taurine content of the blood meat is 250 mg/100 g or more among the muscle tissues of
A method for raising Seriola farmed fish, comprising :
(2) The breeding method according to (1), wherein the body weight of the Seriola farmed fish is 1.0 kg or more.
(3) The breeding method according to (1) or (2), wherein the content of histidine in the normal meat of the Seriola farmed fish is 800 mg/100 g or more.
(4) The growing method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the imidazole dipeptide contains anserine.
( 5 ) The breeding method according to any one of (1) to (4) , wherein the feed contains 1.0 mg/100 g or more of β-alanine .

The present invention includes the following embodiments.
(1) Among the muscle tissue of the edible part, the content of the imidazole compound in normal meat is 820 mg / 100 g or more, and the imidazole dipeptide content in the imidazole compound is 1.0% by weight or more, A farmed fish of the genus Seriola, wherein the content of taurine in the blood meat is 250 mg/100 g or more in the muscle tissue of the edible part.
(2) The Seriola farmed fish according to (1), which weighs 1.0 kg or more.
(3) The Seriola farmed fish according to (1) or (2), wherein the content of histidine in normal meat is 800 mg/100 g or more.
(4) The Seriola farmed fish according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the imidazole dipeptide contains anserine.
(5) A method for raising Seriola farmed fish, which comprises feeding Seriola farmed fish with feed containing 250 mg/100 g or more of a sulfur-containing amino acid and 50 mg/100 g or more of an imidazole compound continuously for 14 days or more.
(6) The breeding method according to (5), wherein the feed contains 1.0 mg/100 g or more of β-alanine.
(7) The breeding method according to (5) or (6), which includes fasting the Seriola farmed fish for 1 to 7 days immediately before shipment.

Claims (7)

Among the muscle tissue of the edible part, the imidazole compound content of normal meat is 820 mg / 100 g or more,
The content of imidazole dipeptide in the imidazole compound is 1.0% by weight or more,
A farmed fish of the genus Seriola, wherein the content of taurine in the blood meat is 250 mg/100 g or more in the muscle tissue of the edible part. 2. The Seriola farmed fish according to claim 1, having a body weight of 1.0 kg or more. 3. The Seriola farmed fish according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of histidine in normal meat is 800 mg/100 g or more. The Seriola farmed fish according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the imidazole dipeptide comprises anserine. A method for raising Seriola farmed fish, comprising feeding Seriola farmed fish with feed containing 250 mg/100 g or more of a sulfur-containing amino acid and 50 mg/100 g or more of an imidazole compound continuously for 14 days or more. The breeding method according to claim 5, wherein the feed contains 1.0 mg/100 g or more of β-alanine. The breeding method according to claim 5 or 6, comprising fasting the Seriola farmed fish for 1 to 7 days immediately before shipping.

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