JP2015139736A - Fluid bed reactor and production method of nitrile compound using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent deterioration of a device or a bad influence on a reaction by preventing accumulation of a catalyst on a recessed part of an inner wall of a reactor; and further to prevent sudden heat evolution caused by contact of the catalyst accumulated on the recessed part of the inner wall of the reactor with the outside air.SOLUTION: In a fluid bed reactor, which is a reactor for storing catalyst particles for the fluid bed, a recessed part is not provided on an inner wall of the reactor with which the catalyst particles in the reactor are brought into contact, or accumulation prevention means is provided on a provided recessed part.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for preventing catalyst deposition in a fluidized bed reactor.

  Fluidized bed reactors are used for various industrial reactions. For example, nitrile compounds such as acrylonitrile are industrially produced by ammoxidation of hydrocarbons such as propylene. As a method for producing a nitrile compound, a method in which a gas phase oxidation reaction is performed in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst is generally known. In this gas phase oxidation reaction, a raw material hydrocarbon, ammonia, and an oxygen-containing gas such as air are introduced into a reactor, and an ammoxidation reaction is performed in the presence of the metal oxide catalyst to produce a nitrile compound. (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2). The reactors used in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are fluidized bed reactors, the reactor is filled with the catalyst, and the reactor inner wall is reacted with a manhole for inspection and a thermocouple thermometer. In general, those having recesses of various sizes such as a thermometer insertion hole for insertion into a vessel.

  The metal oxide catalyst is likely to deposit in the concave portion of the fluidized bed reactor. When the catalyst was deposited in the recesses, the heat removal was not successful and a hot spot was generated in the reactor, which could cause deterioration of the material of the reactor in the deposition part and corrosion of the nozzle. In addition, the catalyst may undergo reductive degradation, which may adversely affect the gas phase oxidation reaction, such as a reduction in the target reaction yield. In addition, when this reaction was stopped and the concave portion such as a manhole was opened, if the deposited catalyst touched the outside air, a rapid oxidation reaction may occur and heat may be generated.

  As a general method for eliminating the dead space of the industrial equipment such as the recess, for example, in an industrial manufacturing process of acrylonitrile, it has been proposed to insert a core in the dead space (manhole) of the dehydration acid dehydration tower (patent) Reference 3). It is described that the core used in Patent Document 3 can prevent acrylonitrile and hydrocyanic acid from staying in the dead space for a long time to cause polymerization.

JP 2005-193172 A JP 2006-247452 A JP 2007-39403 A

  However, in the method of Patent Document 3, what is preferable for the core attached to the manhole of the dehydration acid dehydration tower from the inner wall side of the apparatus, and how can the dead space be suitably eliminated? Was not specifically disclosed, nor was it suggested for general use. For this reason, there has been a demand for measures for preventing the catalyst from accumulating in the concave portion of the inner wall of the fluidized bed reactor to prevent the deterioration of the apparatus and the adverse effect on the reaction.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and prevent the catalyst from accumulating in the concave portion of the inner wall of the reactor, thereby preventing deterioration of the apparatus and adverse effects on the reaction. Furthermore, it aims at preventing the rapid heat_generation | fever by the external air contact of the catalyst deposited on the recessed part of the inner wall of a reactor.

  The present invention prevents the catalyst from being deposited in the concave portion of the inner wall of the reactor by providing the catalyst deposition preventing means in the concave portion existing in the inner wall of the reactor which the catalyst of the fluidized bed reactor contacts. It was found that deterioration and adverse effects on the reaction can be prevented. Further, it has been found that the provision of the catalyst deposition preventing means can prevent rapid heat generation due to the outside air contact of the catalyst deposited on the concave portion of the inner wall of the reactor, thereby solving the above problems. Furthermore, it has been found that the above-mentioned problem can be solved similarly by not forming a recess in the inner wall of the reactor.

  The present invention is a reactor for storing catalyst particles in a fluidized bed, wherein no recess is provided on the inner wall of the reactor in contact with the catalyst particles in the reactor, or deposition prevention means is provided in the provided recess. A fluidized bed reactor.

  Moreover, this invention is the said fluidized bed reactor in which the said deposition prevention means has the enclosure material with which the said recessed part was filled.

  Further, according to the present invention, the deposition preventing means fills the inner lid made of the same material as the inner wall of the reactor, the heat insulating material filled between the inner lid and the reactor, and the remaining gap of the recess. The fluidized bed reactor having an encapsulant made of cement.

  Further, the present invention is the fluidized bed reactor adjusted so that there is substantially no step between the accumulation preventing means provided in the concave portion and the inner wall surface of the reactor.

  Moreover, this invention is the said fluidized bed reactor whose said deposition prevention means is a gas blowing inlet which blows gas in the said recessed part.

  Furthermore, the present invention is a method for producing a nitrile compound, wherein an ammoxidation reaction is performed using the fluidized bed reactor while preventing catalyst deposition in the recess.

  When the oxidation reaction is carried out using the fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention, the catalyst does not accumulate in the recesses, so that deterioration of the apparatus and adverse effects on the reaction can be prevented.

  Furthermore, in the case of a metal oxide catalyst containing molybdenum used for an ammoxidation reaction, when the reaction is stopped and the reactor is opened, the deposited catalyst that has been reduced and deteriorated by contact with the reactor touches the outside air. The catalyst is oxidized and generates heat up to about 150 ° C. However, high temperature heat generation of the catalyst can be prevented by providing the deposition preventing means or by eliminating the recess.

Schematic of an example embodiment of a fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention. Sectional drawing which shows an example of the recessed part which provides the deposition prevention means of this invention Sectional drawing which shows the other example of the recessed part which provides the deposition prevention means of this invention

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The present invention is a reactor for storing catalyst particles in a fluidized bed, wherein no recess is provided on the inner wall of the reactor in contact with the catalyst particles in the reactor, or deposition prevention means is provided in the provided recess. And a fluidized bed reactor.

  Examples of the gas phase oxidation reaction of the present invention include a reaction for producing acrylonitrile from an oxygen-containing gas such as propylene and / or propane, ammonia and air by an ammoxidation method, production of acrylic acid by a propylene gas phase oxidation method, and the like. An oxidation reaction of alkane and / or alkene is mentioned. Among these, the outline of the fluidized bed reactor used for ammoxidation reaction is demonstrated using FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 which show the example of embodiment.

  In the ammoxidation reaction of the present invention, as a typical example of the catalyst, a metal oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, a metal oxide catalyst containing iron or antimony, or the like is preferably used. The catalyst 14 is fluidized by introducing the air a into the reactor main body 11 of the gas phase reactor from the lower air introduction pipe 12 and blowing it out from the outlet 13. A mixed gas b of propylene and ammonia is introduced from the raw material introduction pipe 15 as a reaction raw material, and the propylene, ammonia and air are brought into contact with each other, so that an oxidation reaction is performed with oxygen in the air, and 1 equivalent of acrylonitrile per 1 equivalent of propylene And 3 equivalents of water are produced. In order to maintain this ammoxidation reaction at an appropriate constant reaction temperature, the ammoxidation reaction is performed while cooling the reaction gas inside the reactor main body 11 with the cooling coil 16 through which the refrigerant d is passed and controlling the temperature. The reaction gas containing acrylonitrile produced by the reaction is separated from the catalyst by a cyclone 19 and is extracted from the product extraction pipe 17 as a reaction gas c containing impurities such as unreacted ammonia and by-produced acrylic acid. After the reaction gas c is cooled by the heat exchanger 18, the product acrylonitrile is obtained by sequentially sending it to an ammonia absorption separation tower and an acrylonitrile purification tower for purification.

  Since a person enters the reactor of the gas phase reactor during open inspection or the like, it is common that the manhole 20 is attached as a relatively large recess. The manhole 20 is closed with an outer lid 21 during the reaction, but the hole portion forms a recess in the inner wall of the reactor. In addition to this, there are recesses that occur due to welding and other reasons when forming the inspection hole and the peripheral wall of the reactor, and a relatively small recess is a thermometer for inserting a thermocouple thermometer into the reactor. There may be a recess having various sizes, such as an insertion hole.

  In the case of a relatively large recess such as a manhole 20 or an inspection hole, the size of the recess is about 0.5 to 2 m in the diameter of the side body of the recess, and the depth of the side body of the recess is about 10 to 80 cm. is there. In the case of a relatively small recess such as a thermometer insertion hole for inserting a thermocouple thermometer into the reactor, the size of the recess is about 2 to 50 cm in diameter of the side body of the recess, and the side of the recess The depth of the trunk is about 2 to 30 cm.

  In the fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention, the deposition preventing means is provided in the recesses of various types and sizes as described above. For example, a deposition preventing means for filling the concave portion can be mentioned. In other words, filling means that the inside of the recess is filled with the deposition preventing means so that no gap is formed inside the recess. Examples of the deposition preventing means include means for purging with a gas that prevents the catalyst from entering the recess. By providing these deposition preventing means, it is possible to prevent the catalyst from accumulating in the recesses so that the fine particles of the catalyst 14 cannot enter the recesses.

  When filling the concave portion with the deposition preventing means, it is preferable to use an encapsulating material 33 such as cement which can be solidified after filling. Further, if an inner lid 31 made of the same material as the inner wall of the fluidized bed reactor is attached to the concave portion in contact with the inner wall of the reactor, the inner surface of the concave portion does not need to be fixed with an encapsulating material such as cement. preferable. Moreover, it is preferable to attach the heat insulating material 32 to the outer side of the inner lid 31 because heat hardly escapes from the recess. It is more preferable that the inner lid and the heat insulating material are collectively enclosed by the encapsulant 33 to fill the remaining gaps of the recesses because the catalyst is difficult to deposit in the recesses.

  The encapsulating material 33 is desirably a material that has fluidity that can be applied so as to fill holes and gaps in the recesses and can be solidified after application. Since the gas phase oxidation reaction is exothermic, it is preferably an inorganic material from the viewpoint of heat resistance, and examples thereof include ordinary Portland cement and refractory cement.

  When an inner lid 31 made of the same material as the inner wall of the reactor is attached to the inner surface side of the concave portion that is in direct contact with the reaction gas as a part of the deposition preventing means, the encapsulant such as cement and the reaction gas directly There is no contact, and adverse effects on the gas phase oxidation reaction can be suppressed. In addition, cement can be applied even when the concave portion attached laterally to the side body of the reactor is a manhole. The size of the inner lid 31 is preferably such that when the concave portion is a columnar shape or a truncated cone, the entire bottom surface that is the inner surface side of the concave portion is covered.

  The material of the outer lid 21, the inner lid 31, and the inner wall of the reactor is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal material that can withstand the use of a gas phase oxidation reaction, and carbon steel, stainless steel, or the like is employed. Although it does not specifically limit as carbon steel, Preferably S45C, S55C, S65C etc. are mentioned. Although it does not specifically limit as stainless steel, Preferably SUS27, SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316, SUS316L etc. are mentioned. Stainless steel is more preferable from the viewpoint of corrosion deterioration and heat resistance of the material.

  If necessary, the metal material portion may be subjected to a surface treatment such as spraying or plating. As a metal constituting the metal film formed by thermal spraying or plating, for example, a metal such as molybdenum, copper, silver, titanium, aluminum, chromium, nickel, or INCONEL (registered trademark, “Inconel”) is used. ), An alloy containing nickel-chromium-molybdenum-iron, an alloy containing aluminum-chromium-iron such as INCOLOY (registered trademark, referred to as “Incoloy”), and HASTELLOY (registered trademark, referred to as “Hastelloy”). ) And other alloys containing nickel-molybdenum-tungsten, alloys containing nickel-copper such as MONEL (registered trademark, referred to as “Monel”), and cobalt such as STELLITE (registered trademark, referred to as “Stellite”). -Alloys containing chromium-tungsten, nickel-chromium such as SUS304 Stainless steel alloy consisting of iron, cermets, chromium carbide, titanium oxide and the like, can be used alone or in combination.

  Further, if a heat insulating material 32 is attached between the inner lid 31 and the outer lid 21 as a part of the deposition preventing means, it is possible to prevent heat from escaping from a concave portion such as a manhole, and the heat retention is improved. It becomes easy to maintain the conditions of the phase oxidation reaction, and the reaction yield can be improved. Examples of the heat insulating material 32 include refractory bricks made of an inorganic porous material such as calcium silicate and clay, unglazed clay, blast furnace slag and basalt, and rock wool obtained by adding lime to other natural rocks. When the shape is a brick shape or a block shape, it is easy to install and fix with the encapsulant 33.

  The surface on the reactor inner wall side of the inner lid 31 formed by the deposition preventing means is such that the level difference between the inner wall 31 and the reactor inner wall surface around the recess can be ignored without being affected by the catalyst deposition, that is, the recess It is preferable to adjust so that there is substantially no level difference from the peripheral surface. The size of the step is usually preferably 5.0 mm or less, more preferably 1.0 mm or less, and still more preferably 0.05 mm or less. This can prevent the catalyst from being deposited around the deposition preventing means.

  When the inner lid 31 and the heat insulating material 32 are attached to the recess, the encapsulating material 33 is applied so as to fix and wrap the whole of the inner lid 31 and the heat insulating material 32, and the gap between the peripheral wall 22 and the heat insulating material 32 and the inner lid 31 are coated. And the gap between the heat insulating materials 32 and the like are preferably filled, because the accumulation of the catalyst in the concave portion can be more reliably suppressed. When filling the encapsulant 33, the height of the inner wall 31 of the inner lid 31 on the side of the reactor inner wall and the peripheral edge 23 of the concave portion of the reactor main body 11 can be adjusted so that there is substantially no step. preferable. When the encapsulating material 33 protrudes from the gap between the peripheral edge 23 of the recess and the inner lid 31, the catalyst does not accumulate inside the recess 20, but a step generated around the encapsulating material 33 becomes a puddle and the catalyst is slightly there. May accumulate. That is, if there is a step between the peripheral edge 23 of the recess and the inner lid 31, the catalyst is deposited on the step portion, and the above-described adverse effect is exerted on the gas phase oxidation reaction.

  Further, as another embodiment of the deposition preventing means, as shown in FIG. 3, it is possible to provide a gas blowing port 41 in the concave portion and blow gas f to prevent the catalyst from being deposited in the concave portion. Examples of the gas blown from the blowing port include air, inert gas, and steam.

  Furthermore, as another embodiment of the deposition preventing means, the catalyst can be prevented from being deposited in the recess by not providing the recess on the inner wall of the reactor main body 11. Here, not having a recess in the interior of the reactor main body 11 means to have a structure without a recess from the design stage.

  By preventing the catalyst from being deposited on the recess 20 and its surroundings by the deposition preventing means of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the catalyst from being deposited unnecessarily, thereby preventing the deterioration of the apparatus and the adverse effect on the reaction. Moreover, the same effect can be acquired by setting it as the structure which does not provide a recessed part inside a reactor. Furthermore, according to the present invention, when the concave portion is a releasable part such as a manhole, it is possible to prevent a situation in which the reduced deterioration catalyst that has accumulated is oxidized and heated at the time of opening the manhole.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not limited to a following example, unless the summary is exceeded.

Example 1
In the manhole attached to the wall made of SUS27 of the reactor main body of the fluidized bed reactor for gas phase oxidation reaction in which acrylonitrile is produced by ammoxidation reaction of propylene using a metal oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, the inner diameter of the manhole The combined inner lid made of SUS27 (diameter 900 mm x depth 300 mm) is attached from the inner wall side of the reactor so that no step is generated on the peripheral edge of the concave portion and the inner wall side surface of the inner lid, and inside the concave portion outside the inner lid. After laying a calcium silicate heat insulating material (230mm x 110mm x 65mm brick shape), Portland cement prevents the entire gap in the manhole including the periphery of the heat insulating material from forming a step on the periphery of the recess. The outer lid made of SUS27 was closed after drying.

  Before and after the deposition preventing means was provided, acrylonitrile was produced by ammoxidation of propylene over the same length of time under the following reaction conditions.

As a catalyst 14 inside the reactor, a MoBi-based catalyst (catalyst composition, Mo: Bi: Fe: Ce: Cr: Ni: Mg: Co: K: Rb: O: SiO ₂ = 12: 0.5: 2: 0 .5: 0.4: 4: 1.5: 1: 0.07: 0.06: X: 42) was introduced in an amount of 84 kg. Water vapor with a gauge pressure of 3 kg / cm ² was circulated inside the cooling coil 16 (heat transfer area: 0.33 m ² ) as a cooling medium. Next, propylene is introduced into the main body 11 at a flow rate of 7.8 kg / h and ammonia is introduced at a flow rate of 3.5 kg / h from the raw material introduction tube 15, and air is introduced from the air introduction tube 12 at a flow rate of 54 kg / h. The ammoxidation reaction was performed in a temperature environment of ° C.

  The catalyst deposited in the recess of the manhole was confirmed at the time of opening after manufacturing before providing the deposition preventing means, but the catalyst deposited in the recess of the manhole was confirmed at the opening after manufacturing after providing the deposition preventing means. There wasn't. Also, before the installation of the deposition preventive means, abnormal heating due to catalyst deposition caused the graphitization phenomenon of the steel and deterioration of the reactor material was observed, whereas after the deposition preventive means was installed, there was no catalyst deposition. As a result, no deterioration of the reactor material was observed.

  When the outer lid was opened after the operation was stopped, the manhole area was heated up to 150 ° C. before the deposition preventing means was provided. However, when the outer lid was opened after the deposition preventing means was provided, the temperature was high enough to interfere with the work. I didn't.

(Example 2)
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the heat-insulating material made of calcium silicate was replaced with refractory bricks, and Portland cement was replaced with refractory cement. After the deposition preventing means was installed, the deterioration of the material was not recognized after the deposition preventing means was installed because the catalyst accumulation was lost.

  When the outer lid is opened after the operation is stopped, the manhole area is heated up to 150 ° C. before the deposition preventing means is provided. However, when the outer lid is opened after the deposition preventing means is provided, the temperature is not high enough to disturb the work. There wasn't.

(Example 3)
The same operation as in Example 1 and comparison before and after the operation except that SUS27 was replaced with SUS304 made by surface treatment with nickel plating was performed. After installation of the deposition preventive means, the deterioration of the material was not recognized because the catalyst deposition was lost.

  When the outer lid is opened after the operation is stopped, the manhole area is heated up to 150 ° C. before the deposition preventing means is provided. However, when the outer lid is opened after the deposition preventing means is provided, the temperature is not high enough to disturb the work. There wasn't.

a Air b Mixed gas c Reactive gas d Refrigerant f Gas 11 Reactor body 12 Air introduction pipe 13 Air outlet 14 Catalyst 15 Raw material introduction pipe 16 Cooling coil 17 Product extraction pipe 18 Heat exchanger 19 Cyclone 20 Recess (manhole)
21 outer lid 22 concave peripheral wall 23 concave peripheral edge 31 inner lid 32 heat insulating material 33 encapsulating material 41 gas blowing port

Claims (6)

  A reactor containing catalyst particles in a fluidized bed, wherein no fluid is provided on the inner wall of the reactor in contact with the catalyst particles in the reactor, or a deposition preventing means is provided in the provided recess. Reactor.   The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, wherein the deposition preventing means has an encapsulant filled in the recess.   The deposition preventing means includes an inner lid made of the same material as the inner wall of the reactor, a heat insulating material filled between the inner lid and the reactor, and an encapsulant filling the remaining gap of the recess. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, comprising:   The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the fluidized bed reactor is adjusted so that there is no step between the deposition preventing means provided in the recess and the inner wall surface of the reactor.   The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, wherein the accumulation preventing means is a gas blowing port for blowing gas into the concave portion.   A method for producing a nitrile compound, wherein an ammoxidation reaction is carried out using the fluidized bed reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 5 while preventing catalyst deposition in the recess.

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