JP2015066710A - Manufacturing method of porous block for planting - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method of a porous block for planting, having mechanical strength and rigidity for use in various forms including a self-supporting vertical wall, regardless of having a light weight, high water permeability and high water-holding capacity due to use of resin foam as aggregate.SOLUTION: The manufacturing method includes the steps of: kneading a ground product 41 of resin foam and a mortar 42 of cement and water as binding agent; injecting the kneaded product 40 into a cavity 62B of a mold; applying pressure to the mold 63 such that the cavity 62B compresses the mixture 40 to have a predetermined volume; holding the volume of the cavity 62 over a period necessary for completion of curing the mortar 42 of cement and water; and taking out a cured and molded porous block for planting 50 from inside the molds 61, 62 and 63.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a planting porous block for planting a plant.

  There exists patent document 1 shown below as prior art document information relevant to this kind of planting block. Since the planting block described in Patent Document 1 is entirely made of a foaming synthetic resin such as foamed polystyrene, the load on the roof can be reduced when used for greening the roof of a building. Moreover, the heat insulation effect of a rooftop can be provided by the heat insulation which a foamable synthetic resin has.

JP 2008-17850 A (paragraph 1, paragraph 0018, FIG. 1, FIG. 2)

  However, in the method for manufacturing a planting block described in Patent Document 1, since the whole is made of a foaming synthetic resin such as foamed polystyrene, the rigidity as a structure is insufficient, so that it is flat on the ground or the like. There is no problem in using it in a laid form, but there is a problem that it is difficult to use in a form in which, for example, a self-supporting vertical wall is formed so as to form a green wall.

  Then, the objective of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of the porous block for planting which can be used with various forms including forms, such as a self-supporting vertical wall, in view of the subject which the prior art illustrated above gives. is there.

  The characteristic configuration of the method for producing a porous block for planting according to the present invention is a method for producing a porous block for planting for planting, and is a pulverized product of an elastically deformable foamed resin, as a binder A step of kneading cement and water, a step of throwing the kneaded product obtained in the above step into a cavity of a mold, and compressing and deforming to expel air from the foamed resin in the cavity, and a predetermined value A step of pressurizing the mold so as to be, a step of holding the volume of the cavity for at least a period necessary for completion of hardening of the cement in the kneaded product, and a planting that has been molded based on the holding And removing the block from the mold.

In the method for producing a planting block having the above-described characteristic configuration and the planting block obtained by the production method, the pulverized product of an elastically deformable foamed resin, cement and water as a binder are kneaded. The planting block obtained after molding becomes a planting block having sufficient mechanical strength and rigidity to form a self-supporting vertical wall. Further, when the kneaded product is molded, there is no change in the shape and volume of the foamed resin in the kneaded product, and only excess air in the kneaded product is expelled, and the cement is hardened in this state to form a block. The porous block formed in this way is a matrix in which hardened cement is stuck around the foamed resin, and the other foamed resin is bonded to each other to form appropriate voids between the resins. It becomes.
Therefore, since the foamed resin pulverized product is used as the aggregate, a porous block for planting having sufficient mechanical strength and rigidity can be obtained despite its light weight and high water permeability.

  In another feature of the present invention, the molding die has a second die provided with a plunger portion that is slidable along the inner surface of the first die on the first die constituting the cavity. In the pressurizing step, the contacted portion provided in the first mold is in contact with the pressurizing contact surface, whereby the volume of the cavity is limited to the predetermined value.

  If it is this structure, a fixed quantity kneaded material will be charged in the 1st type | mold cavity arrange | positioned at the bolster etc. of a press apparatus, the 2nd type | mold plunger part will be engaged in a cavity, and then the 1st type | mold cavity If the slide of the press device is lowered until the contacted portion comes into contact with the pressure contact surface, pressure is inevitably applied to limit the volume of the cavity to a predetermined value. Therefore, the cavity volume is maintained at a predetermined value by a simple operation of maintaining the contact state until cement hardening is completed, and a porous block for planting having desired characteristics is obtained. .

  Another feature of the present invention is that a pulverized product of extruded polystyrene foam is used as the pulverized product of the elastically deformable foamed resin.

  If it is this configuration, it is generally easy to obtain in the market, and by using a pulverized product of extruded polystyrene foam having an appropriate porosity, average pore diameter, elastic modulus, it has excellent cost performance. A porous block for planting can be obtained.

  Another feature of the present invention is that the volume ratio of the pulverized product of the extruded polystyrene foam and cement is in the range of 0.06 to 0.08, and the compression ratio of the kneaded product by the step of pressing the mold. Is in the range of 1.5 to 2.0.

  If it is this structure, since the pulverized material of an extrusion method polystyrene foam is contained in a sufficient ratio, the water permeability, water retention, and lightness are ensured, and the porous block for planting with sufficiently high rigidity is obtained.

  Moreover, if it is this structure, the compression ratio with respect to the pulverized material of the extrusion method polystyrene foam heat retention board in the step which made the press contact surface contact | abut with the to-be-contacted part of a 1st type | mold in the said pressurization process. Since it becomes sufficiently high (range of 1.5 to 2.0), the cement is hardened by effectively expelling excess air from the boundary between the cement and the foamed resin foam and the matrix formed of the cement. Later, higher mechanical strength and rigidity are ensured while combining water permeability and water retention.

  Another characteristic configuration of the present invention is that a protrusion protruding toward the cavity is provided, but when there is no protrusion, a rectangular porous block having no recess can be manufactured.

If it is this structure, since the recessed part opened toward the outer side by the effect | action of the said projection part will be formed in the porous block for planting taken out from the inside of a shaping | molding die, a plant will be planted in this recessed part. By using it as a planting recess for the purpose, it becomes easier to plant a wider variety of plants as compared to a planting block composed only of a flat surface having no recess.
Moreover, the rectangular porous block without a recessed part can be utilized as a flooring material excellent in water permeability and water retention of a roof garden, or a material which can be embedded in land with poor drainage and can improve drainage.

It is a perspective view which shows an example of the porous block for planting obtained with the manufacturing method which concerns on this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows an example of the formwork set used for the manufacturing method which concerns on this invention. It is a front view which shows one process of the press apparatus and manufacturing method which are used with a manufacturing method. It is a partially broken front view which shows 1 process of a manufacturing method. It is a partially broken front view which shows 1 process of a manufacturing method. It is a partially broken front view which shows one process of a manufacturing method with a press apparatus. It is a partially broken front view which shows one process of a manufacturing method with a press apparatus. It is a partially broken front view which shows 1 process of a manufacturing method. It is a partially broken front view which shows 1 process of a manufacturing method. It is a perspective view which illustrates the usage form of the block for planting. 1 is a schematic view schematically showing a manufacturing method according to the present invention. It is a fracture | rupture side view which shows the manufacturing method in another embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the block for planting by another embodiment.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Below, the form for implementing this invention is demonstrated, referring drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an appearance of an example of a planting porous block 50 according to the present invention.
The planting porous block 50 has a plate shape whose outer shape in plan view is generally rectangular. A plurality of circular or rectangular through holes 50H are juxtaposed in the planting porous block 50 in the vertical and horizontal directions, and these through holes 50H extending vertically in a plan view constitute planting recesses having the same dimensions. ing.

  FIG. 1 illustrates a planting porous block 50 provided with a total of four through-holes 50H in two rows and columns, but the number of through-holes 50H is not limited to the example in the figure, and can be arbitrarily set vertically and horizontally. The number of through holes 50H can be provided.

  In the usage example of the planting block 50 shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of planting blocks 50 are connected by a metal frame structure, mortar, or the like to form a wall surface, and individual planting recesses (penetrations) extending sideways. The plant P is planted in the holes 50H) through a water-absorbing planting floor material (not shown), and the state in which the wall surface is generally greened has appeared.

  In order to manufacture the porous block 50 for planting, in order to pressurize the mold set 100 illustrated in FIG. 2 and the mold set 100 in which a kneaded material 40 such as a semi-slurry material as a material is introduced into the cavity. The press apparatus 200 is used.

  As the kneaded product 40, a product obtained by kneading a pulverized product of an elastically deformable foamed resin, which will be described in detail later, and cement and water as a binder with a kneader 80 is used.

(Configuration of formwork set)
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the mold set 100 has a lower mold 1 (an example of a first mold), an outer mold 2 (an example of a first mold), and an upper mold 3, each having a generally rectangular outer shape in plan view. (An example of the second type).
The lower mold 1 has a generally rectangular plate-shaped main body 1A and four columnar portions 1B provided upright on the upper surface of the main body 1A.
The outer mold 2 includes a cylindrical main body 2A placed on the upper surface of the main body 1A of the lower mold 1 so as to surround the four columnar portions 1B.

The upper die 3 has a generally rectangular main body 3A and a plunger portion 3B extending downward from the lower surface of the main body 3A. The plunger portion 3B includes a columnar recess 3C that can receive the four columnar portions 1B, and has a shape similar to the outer shape of the porous block 50 for planting.
The upper end surface of the outer mold 2 is configured to abut against the pressing contact surface 5P of the pressing (pressing) device 5 by the contacted portion 2P and the pressed surface 3P of the main body 3A of the upper mold 3. .

  In addition, rectangular engagement protrusions 1C are erected on four sides of the main body 1A of the lower mold 1, and an engagement recess 2C that can be engaged with the engagement protrusions 1C is provided on the lower end surface of the outer mold 2. ing.

(Configuration of press machine)
As illustrated in FIG. 3, the press device 200 includes a lower frame 20 having a bolster 30 on the upper surface, an upper frame 21 having a slide 24 on the lower surface, and a plurality of supports that connect the upper and lower frames 20 and 21 together. Column 22. A reciprocating mechanism 26 for moving the slide 24 up and down is provided inside the upper frame 21. The reciprocating mechanism 26 includes a motor or a hydraulic cylinder.

(Composition of kneaded product)
As the pulverized product of the elastically deformable foamed resin as the raw material of the kneaded product 40, an extruded polystyrene foam pulverized to a predetermined size can be used, and the pulverized product is an irregular polyhedron that is torn. Is desirable.

  Here, among the extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating plates, a type A extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating plate (three types) that can be produced without using chlorofluorocarbons is generally crushed to a size of 30 mm or less. The pulverized material of the type A extrusion method polystyrene foam heat insulating plate (3 types) has a high compression ratio and a specific gravity smaller (0.02 or less) than a general inorganic lightweight aggregate such as pumice.

  As an example of a suitable particle size of the pulverized product obtained by crushing, the dimension along the major axis is 5 to 30 mm, and the dimension along the minor axis perpendicular to the major axis direction is 2 to 10 mm or 2 to 20 mm. The aspect ratio between the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter is preferably in the range of 2: 1 to 4: 1.

  In addition, as cement, it can select suitably from other cements, such as general Portland cement, mixed cement, and eco-cement, and can use it.

  As a suitable blending example of the kneaded material 40, for example, 0.3 kg of Portland cement and 0.1% of water with respect to 1 L (liter) of the pulverized A-type extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating plate (3 types). 11 kg added may be mentioned. However, Portland cement is 0.2 to 0.4 kg against about 1 L of pulverized material of type A extrusion method polystyrene foam heat insulating plate (3 types) (apparent volume when naturally put into a general container). Water may be in the range of 0.10 to 0.12 kg.

(Production method)
The porous block for planting 50 can be manufactured by the following steps.
(1) The process of installing the lower mold 1 and the outer mold 2 of the mold set 100 on the upper surface of the bolster 30 of the press apparatus 200 (see FIG. 3). At this time, it arrange | positions so that the engagement protrusion 1C of the lower mold | type 1 may be engaged with the engagement recessed part 2C of the outer mold | type 2. FIG.

(2) A step of charging a predetermined amount (details will be described later) of the kneaded material 40 as uniformly as possible into a cavity formed between the outer die 2 and the four prisms 1B of the lower die 1 (see FIG. 4). A release agent is applied to the upper surface of the main body 1A of the lower mold 1, the side surfaces of the four prismatic parts 1B, the inner peripheral surface of the outer mold 2 and the like as necessary.

(3) A step in which the upper die 3 is brought close to the lower die 1 and the outer die 2 from above, and the plunger portion 3B of the upper die 3 is entered near the upper end of the cavity (see FIG. 5).

(4) The slide 24 of the press device 200 is lowered at a predetermined speed (see FIG. 6), and the pressed surface 3P of the upper mold 3 and the contacted portion 2P of the outer mold 2 are in the same height state. Until it becomes, the process which pressurizes the upper mold | type 3 downward (refer FIG. 7).

(5) The press position is determined in a state where the pressed surface 3P and the contacted portion 2P are at the same height. Thereby, the volume of the cavity of the outer mold 2 obtained in the state of FIG. 7 is maintained. This fixing is continued at least until the time when the hardening of the cement in the kneaded product 40 is predicted to be completed.

(6) A step of taking out the hardened planting block 50 from the mold set 100 after a time (about 1 day, etc.) at which sufficient hardening and strength development of the cement contained in the kneaded product 40 is predicted. Specifically, the press state is first removed, the plunger portion 3B of the upper die 3 is extracted upward from the cavity, and then the outer die 2 is extracted upward. The hardened porous block 50 for planting is pulled out from the columnar portion 1B of the lower mold 1 and collected.

  In the step (2), the amount of the kneaded material 40 charged into the cavity can be determined as follows. That is, the average height L1 (see FIGS. 4 and 6) of the kneaded product 40 immediately after the kneaded product 40 is charged into the cavity (before the upper die 3 is placed) is referred to as the pressing step (4) above. , The pressure applied surface 3P of the upper die 3 is pressurized by the press device 200, and the kneaded product 40 is high when the contacted portion 2P of the outer mold 2 and the pressure contact surface 5P contact each other. The value divided by L2 (see FIGS. 7 and 8), that is, the compression ratio by pressing: CR (CR = L1 / L2) is in the range of 1.6 to 1.8, particularly about 1.7. It is good to decide.

  Compressibility: If CR = L1 / L2 = about 1.7, most of the air (about 10-20% by volume) contained in the kneaded product 40 by the pressurizing step (4) above. Since the matrix extruded from the cavity and formed of cement and the pulverized material of the type A extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating plate (3 types) are hardly compressed, the cement and the type A extruded polystyrene foam heat insulating plate (3 types) The pulverized product and the slightly remaining air are intertwined with each other by compression. At that time, since the pulverized product of the type A extrusion method polystyrene foam heat insulating plate (3 types) is an irregularly deformable polyhedron (a torn shape) that is elastically deformed, the entire compression proceeds in a state where deformation is also applied.

  As a result, the specific gravity of the kneaded material 40 in the cavity immediately after being pressurized to the state of FIG. 7 is in the range of 0.82 to 0.88, and the plant is used for planting after the cement is hardened and natural drying is completed. The specific gravity of the porous block 50 is 0.58 to 0.75, the compressive strength is 7.5 to 8.5 kg / cm2, the porosity is 30 to 40%, and the water retention is 70 to 80 g / kg.

  If the compression ratio for the pulverized product of the type A extrusion method polystyrene foam heat insulating plate (3 types) by the pressurizing step (4) is too high, pores existing in the pulverized product (mainly communicating with the outside) The communication hole) is crushed and an appropriate water retention capacity cannot be obtained.

  In addition, between the bolster 30 and the slide 24 of the press apparatus 200, by arranging a plurality of formwork sets 100 stacked vertically such as 3 to 6 stages, a plurality of porous blocks 50 for planting are arranged. It is possible to manufacture efficiently at the same time.

  FIG. 11 shows each step to be performed in the present invention, taking as an example a porous block 150 having a simpler shape than the planting block 50 in the above-described embodiment, that is, a rectangular parallelepiped or a rectangular plate shape. . The method for manufacturing the porous block 150 includes at least the following steps as shown in FIG.

(1) First step of kneading elastically deformable foamed resin, cement and water as a binder with a kneading device 80.
(2) A second step in which the kneaded product 40 obtained in the above step is put into the cavity 62B of the molds 61 and 62.
(3) A third step of pressurizing the molds 61, 62, and 63 so that the volume of the cavity 62B becomes a predetermined value that compresses and deforms the foamed resin.
(4) A fourth step in which the volume of the cavity 62B is maintained for at least a period T necessary for completion of hardening of the cement contained in the kneaded material 40. In FIG. 11, the third step and the fourth step are shown in one figure.
(5) A fifth step of taking out the planting block 150 that has been molded based on the holding from the molding dies 61, 62, 63.

  As can be understood by comparing the drawings in a circle schematically showing the microscopic structure of each kneaded product 40 in the second step and the third step, in the third step, the molds 61, 62, 63 are set to a predetermined shape. Thus, the crushed material 41 of the A-type extrusion polystyrene foam and the mortar 42 of the mixture of cement water contained in the kneaded product 40 are contracted. At this stage, most of the air 43 contained in the kneaded product 40 in the second step is discharged out of the cavity from the gap between the outer mold 62 and the upper mold 63.

[Another embodiment]
As illustrated in FIG. 12, a simple cylindrical outer mold 12 may be used as compared with the mold set 100 of FIG. 2, and a protrusion 11 </ b> P may be provided on the upper surface of the lower mold 11 toward the cavity. In this case, when the molded porous block 150 for planting is taken out after the cement is hardened, the concave portion 11C formed by the protruding portion 11P constitutes a planting concave portion for planting a plant, as illustrated in FIG. Will do. Contrary to FIG. 12, a protrusion may be provided on the lower surface of the upper mold 13.

  The present invention is an invention that can be used as a technique for solving the problems conventionally found in a porous block for planting plants.

1 Lower mold (first mold, mold)
1A body 1B prismatic part 1C engaging projection 2 outer mold (first mold, mold)
2A Tubular body 2C Engaging recess 2P Contacted part 3 Upper mold (first mold, mold)
3A Upper die body 3B Plunger portion 3C Columnar recess 3P Pressurized surface 5 Pressurizing (pressing) device 5P Pressurizing contact surface 11 Lower die (first die, molding die)
11C Molding recess 11P Projection 12 Outer mold (first mold, mold)
13 Upper mold (second mold, mold)
20 Lower frame 21 Upper frame 22 Support column 24 Slide 26 Reciprocating mechanism 30 Bolster 40 Kneaded material 41 Extruded polystyrene foam (foamed resin) pulverized material 42 Cement and water mortar 43 Air gap (air)
50 Porous block for planting 50H Through hole (planting recess)
51 Rectangular block without recess 61 Lower mold (molding mold)
62 Outer mold (molding mold)
62B Cavity 63 Upper mold (molding mold)
80 Kneading device 100 Formwork set 150 Planting porous block 200 Press device P Plant

Claims (5)

A method for producing a porous block for planting for planting,
A step of kneading the pulverized foamed resin with cement and water as a binder;
A step of feeding the kneaded product obtained in the above step into a cavity of a mold,
Pressurizing the mold so that the volume of the cavity has a predetermined value;
Maintaining the volume of the cavity for at least a period required for completion of hardening of the cement in the kneaded product;
The manufacturing method which has the process of taking out the porous block for planting completed shaping | molding based on the said holding | maintenance from the said shaping | molding die. The molding die has a first die provided with the cavity, and a second die provided with a plunger that is slidable along the inner surface of the first die,
In the pressurizing step, the pressurized surface provided in the second mold is in contact with the contacted portion of the first mold and the lower pressing surface of the pressurizing (pressing) device, so that the volume of the cavity is increased. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method is limited to the predetermined value.   The production method according to claim 1, wherein a pulverized product of extruded polystyrene foam is used as the elastically deformable foamed resin.   The volume ratio of the extruded polystyrene foam pulverized product and cement is in the range of 0.06 to 0.08, and the compression ratio of the kneaded product in the step of pressing the mold is 1.5 to 2.0. The manufacturing method according to claim 3.   The manufacturing method as described in any one of Claim 1 to 4 with which the projection part which protruded toward the said cavity is provided in at least one of the said 1st type | mold and the previous term plunger part.

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