JP2015048610A - Slope planting method inhibiting feeding damage - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a slope planting method suppressing feeding damage, which inhibits feeding damage caused by animals and which enables obtainment of a slope stabilized by plants and having a proper landscape.SOLUTION: A slope planting method inhibiting feeding damage includes: a preparation step of preparing slurry of a soil dressing mixture including plant seeds; a spraying step of forming a soil dressing mixture layer 8 by spraying the slurry on a slope 4; and a wire net laying step of laying a wire net 2 in such a manner that it covers the soil dressing mixture layer 8. The size of a mesh 20 of the wire net 2 is smaller than that of a ground contact part of a hoof 30 of a hoofed animal feeding on the plant seeds or buds appearing from the plant seeds.

Description

  [0001] The present invention relates to a method for revegetating damage caused by greening.

  As roads and residential land are created, artificial slopes, that is, slopes, are formed by cutting and embankment. In this aspect, since it is necessary to prevent falling rocks and collapse due to weathering, the planting is usually performed by covering the slope with a plant and stabilizing it. As such a slope greening method, generally, a soil spraying method and a thick layer base material spraying method are known (see Patent Document 1). These methods include, for example, mixing soil, plant seeds, fertilizer, soil consolidation material (binding material), water, and the like at a predetermined ratio to form a slurry mixture, and spraying this slurry mixture on the slope. In this method, the slope is coated with a mixture layer having a desired thickness.

  In the slurry mixture sprayed on the slope, the binder contained in the mixture hardens over time, and in the process, the soil particles of the guest soil are bonded to each other, so that the soil particles are aggregated. move on. A crack occurs in the layer of the mixture during the hardening process of the binder and the aggregation process of the soil particles, and plant seeds germinate and grow from the crack. Thereby, the root of a plant grows and the slope is stabilized, and the landscape of the slope is also improved by the grown plant.

JP 2002-218840 A

  By the way, in the above-mentioned slope planting, it is important that plants grow smoothly. However, the seeds of these plants and the newly sprouted buds are eaten by wild animals such as ungulate animals such as deer and moths, which causes a problem of so-called feeding damage that inhibits the growth of the plants. . If such damage is received, the slope cannot be sufficiently stabilized, and the growth of plants becomes sparse and the landscape is also damaged.

  The present invention has been made on the basis of the above circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to suppress the damage caused by animals, and to prevent damage caused by animals, which can be stabilized by plants and have a good landscape. The purpose is to provide a greening method.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present inventor has examined the habits of ungulate animals that cause feeding damage. In the course of this study, the present inventor has found the habit of hunting animals to dislike the road surface where the tip of the hoof is caught or the hoof slips during walking.

  That is, according to one aspect of the present invention, a preparation step of preparing a slurry of a soil mixture containing plant seeds, a spraying step of spraying the slurry onto a slope to form a soil soil mixture layer, and the customer A wire mesh laying process for laying a wire mesh so as to cover the soil mixture layer, and the wire mesh is grounded on the hoof of an ungulate animal whose size of the mesh eats seeds of the plant or buds germinated from the seeds There is provided a surface damage revegetation method that is smaller than the size of the portion.

  According to this aspect, an ungulate animal such as a deer is formed with a mesh having a size smaller than the size of the ground contact portion of the hoof because the tip of the hoof is caught or the place where the hoof slides is disliked. Do not get close to the wire mesh. As a result, the seeds of the plant and the buds grown from the seeds grow without being damaged by damage, and the greening of the slope is realized in a good state.

  Preferably, the length in the vertical direction of the mesh is 20 mm or more and 30 mm or less, and the length in the horizontal direction of the mesh is 20 mm or more and 30 mm or less.

  In this case, the size of the mesh is smaller than the size of the ground contact part of the general adult hoof of the deer that is the main target animal of repelling, so the deer is not brought close to the slope during greening, It is possible to more reliably suppress food damage.

  The wire mesh is preferably made of a material that corrodes and disappears over time.

  In this case, even if the trunk and root of the plant grows due to the growth of the plant, the wire mesh is corroded and disappeared due to secular change at that time, so the wire mesh does not bind the trunk and root of the plant. Does not hinder plant growth.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said plant is set as the structure which is the unfavorable plant of the said ungulate animal.

  In the case of this embodiment, the target ungulate animal does not eat the plant that grows on the slope, so that it is possible to more effectively suppress the feeding damage.

  According to the present invention, the planting method that suppresses the damage to the food is covered with the wire net that the ungulate wildlife does not come into contact with, so that the damage caused by the wild animals that take the seeds of the plants and germinated buds. Can be protected from. For this reason, it is stabilized by the plant and a landscape with a good landscape can be obtained.

It is sectional drawing which showed roughly the state which laid the wire mesh which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention on the slope. It is the top view which showed the wire mesh which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a method for reducing damage caused by greening according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, a slurry of the soil mixture is prepared.

The slurry of the soil mixture is a suspension formed by adding water to the soil mixture and mixing.
This guest soil mixture is obtained by mixing a base material made of soil or the like, plant seeds, fertilizer and a binder.

  Base materials include bark compost, peat moss, soil and fly ash.

  The bark compost functions as a nursery bed for germination and growth of plant seeds, and its content is set to 30 to 90% by mass. Preferably, it is set to 30 to 60% by mass.

  When the content is less than 30% by mass, the germination and growth of plant seeds is insufficient. When the content is more than 90% by mass, the content of other components is reduced, resulting in difficulties in water retention and air permeability. At the same time, the cost will increase.

  This bark compost has different properties depending on how the bark is cut, the type and amount of the added fertilizer, the deposition time, and the like. For example, any bark compost that is standardized by the National Bark Compost Industry Association can be used. Then, an appropriate type of bark compost may be selected and used in relation to the plant seeds to germinate and grow.

  Peat moss is a component that contributes to securing fertilizer power. When the content is too large, undesirable problems such as a decrease in the pH of the soil and drastic progress of drying start to occur, and other components decrease, so the upper limit of the content is limited to 50% by mass. Preferably, it is 5-30 mass%.

  Soil is a component that contributes to the retention of water retention and fertility along with the above-mentioned bark compost and peat moss, and its content is set to 1 to 50% by mass.

  When the content is less than 1% by mass, the above-described effects are not sufficiently exhibited. When the content is more than 50% by mass, the content of other components is reduced, and the effects of these components are reduced. As the mass increases, there is a problem that the soil mixture sprayed on the slope is likely to slip. A preferable content is 20 to 50% by mass.

  The soil is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include black soil and Arakida soil. And what is excellent in water retention and fertilizer power as itself is suitable, and black soil is suitable from that viewpoint.

Fly ash is a component that contributes to the water retention and fertilization capacity of the base material, and also to ensuring the stability of the soil mixture after creation, and its content is set to 2 to 50 mass%.
When the content is less than 2% by mass, the above-described effects are not sufficiently exhibited, and the performance of the binder cannot be sufficiently exhibited. When the content is more than 50% by mass, the content of other components is reduced, the effects of those components are diminished, and at the same time, the increase in mass makes it easier for the soil layer to slip down. Problems arise. Preferably, it is set to 10 to 40% by mass.

  Moreover, fly ash contributes to the formation of hydrates such as ettringite as well as the ash component of the greening soil stabilization inorganic material when used in the coexistence state with the greening soil stabilization inorganic material described later, and thus the mixture of the soils Is effective for ensuring water retention and air permeability.

  Although it does not specifically limit as a plant seed, For example, a wormwood, a white clover, a cocoon etc. can be mentioned. Also, I do not like ungulate animals such as deer, the seeds of non-palatability plant, for example, Matsukazekusa (Shofu likely), macleaya cordata (macleaya cordata), Hebiyuiibara (Well ass thorns), thin (thin), prospect Hagi (Medohagi), and cause (cause), it is preferable to use the seeds of such Oka Toranoo (Lysimachia Clethroides).

  The fertilizer is not particularly limited as long as it is effective for growing the aforementioned plants.

  As the binder, a greening soil stabilizing inorganic material is used. Specifically, an additive comprising 1 to 20% by mass of aluminum sulfate, 1 to 20% by mass of calcium sulfate, 1 to 20% by mass of silica powder, and 1 to 80% by mass of cement component is added to fly ash and paper sludge incineration ash. A mixture obtained by mixing 10 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the ash component, or a mixture obtained by further mixing 10 parts by mass or less of ceramic powder is used.

  Due to the action of aluminum sulfate and calcium sulfate in this material, self-hardening hydrates such as ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate are rapidly formed between the ash component and fly ash, and the constituent particles of the soil mixture Constitutes a spray surface composed of aggregates that are porous, rich in water retention and breathability, and form an environment suitable for germination and growth of plant seeds.

  In addition, although the above-mentioned greening soil stabilization inorganic material is made into a suitable example as a binder, the same effect is acquired even if it uses an inorganic binder like Portland cement and a blast furnace cement in addition to that, for example. Can do.

  A base material, a plant seed, a fertilizer, and a binder as described above can be mixed at a predetermined ratio to produce a guest soil mixture. Water is added to the obtained soil mixture and further mixed to form a suspended state to produce a slurry of the soil.

  The slurry of the obtained soil mixture is put into a sprayer to which an air compressor is connected. Then, the slurry of the soil mixture is sprayed from the nozzle of the sprayer and sprayed on the target slope. The slurry of the soil mixture sprayed on the slope is hardened and becomes the soil mixture layer 8 on the slope 4 (see FIG. 1). The guest soil mixture layer 8 is formed with an arbitrary thickness, but is usually formed with a thickness of about 1 to 10 cm.

  In the above-mentioned soil mixture, due to the hydration reaction of the material, moisture in the slurry is rapidly absorbed, and the aggregate and solidification of the soil mixture proceeds to increase the strength. As a result, the resulting soil mixture layer is stabilized in a short time. For this reason, in the case of the above-mentioned soil mixture, it is possible to omit the lath net disposed on the slope before spraying the soil, which is adopted in the normal slope greening method.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 1, the wire mesh 2 is laid on the soil mixture layer 8 so as to cover the whole. The wire mesh 2 is laid in order to protect the plant seeds contained in the land mixture layer 8 and the buds germinated from the plant seeds from food damage. This feeding damage is generally caused by ungulate wild animals such as deer and moths. Since these wild animals have the habit of hating the place where the hoof is hooked or slipping when walking, the present invention uses this habit and uses a wire mesh having a mesh 20 of an appropriate size. By laying two, these wild animals are prevented from getting close to the soil mixture layer, thereby suppressing food damage.

  In the wire mesh 2 used in the present invention, the shape of the mesh 20 is not particularly limited, and for example, a square, a rhombus, a turtle shell shape, or the like can be appropriately selected. Here, the size of the mesh 20 is set to be smaller than the size of the ground contact portion in the ungulate wild animals as described above, particularly the deer hooves. In this way, if the size of the mesh 20 is smaller than the size of the ground contact portion of the hoof, the wild animal, when walking, catches the tip of the hoof in the mesh, or the entire hoof does not fall into the mesh. You will slide along the line.

  The size of the ground contact portion of a general deer hoof 30 is approximately 60 mm in length and approximately 40 mm in width. Therefore, in order to prevent the hoof 30 from easily entering the mesh 20, The length in the vertical direction is preferably set to 20 mm to 30 mm, and the length in the horizontal direction is set to 20 mm to 30 mm.

  Here, the relationship between the size of the ground contact portion of the deer hoof 30 and the size of the mesh 20 will be described by taking as an example the case where a turtle shell wire net is used. FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the turtle shell wire net. As is apparent from FIG. 2, the mesh 20 has a hexagonal shape. The mesh 20 is formed in a hexagonal shape by twisting adjacent wires with a jig in some places. Here, a portion where the wire is twisted is referred to as a twisted portion 22. The length indicated by the reference sign v is the length in the vertical direction, and the length indicated by the reference sign h is the length in the horizontal direction. Specifically, the length from the lower end of the twisted portion 22a to the upper end of the twisted portion 22b is the vertical length v, and the length from the right end of the twisted portion 22c to the left end of the twisted portion 22d is the horizontal length h. It is. The distance between the opposing row lines (wires) is referred to as the opposite side distance x. Therefore, in the case of the turtle shell wire net, the length h is substantially equal to the opposite side distance x.

  On the other hand, the shape of a ground contact portion of a general deer hoof 30 is indicated by a dotted line in FIG. As apparent from FIG. 2, the ground contact portion of the hoof 30 has a length V and a width H, and is 2 to 3 times longer than the vertical length v and the horizontal length h of each mesh 20. , Larger than the mesh 20. That is, since each mesh 20 is smaller than the ground contact portion of the hoof 30, the deer does not drop the hoof 30 into the mesh 20 but rides on the wire mesh. Therefore, the deer slides the hoof 30 on the wire mesh or hooks the tip of the hoof 30 to the mesh 20, so that the deer does not approach the wire mesh 2.

  The material of the wire mesh 2 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a material that corrodes and disappears over time. When slope planting is performed using a relatively large plant as a plant, in the process of growing such a plant, if the wire net is a semi-permanent thing, the part of the mesh 20 will bind the trunk and root, May interfere with the growth of vegetation. Therefore, it is preferable that the wire net disappears after the time of sprout that is susceptible to food damage from deer and the like so as not to inhibit the growth of vegetation. Examples of such a wire mesh include a wire mesh made of an iron wire that is not coated with a resin coating for rust prevention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the wire mesh 2 as described above extends from the upper step 6 side located above the slope 4 to the lower step 10 located below the slope 4 through the soil mixture layer 8. Arranged to cover. Then, anchor pins 12 for fixing are driven up to the embankment 16 at a predetermined location, and the wire mesh 2 is fixed on the customer soil mixture layer 8 to complete the laying. Reference numeral 14 is a concrete wall for retaining earth, and reference numeral 18 is the ground.

  Here, the surface damage revegetation method according to the present invention is characterized by laying a wire mesh repelled by wild animals as described above on the soil layer mixture layer, and the soil soil mixture layer on which the wire mesh is laid. The strength is not particularly limited. In other words, it is also possible to adopt a laminar mixture layer that is preliminarily provided with a lath net that is formed by a general slope greening method and that requires measures to prevent slipping. However, for example, when a strong and stable land mixture layer obtained by the method shown in Japanese Patent No. 2935408 and Japanese Patent No. 3649439 is adopted, the wire netting is a wire net that wild animals avoid. This is preferable because the lath net preparation and laying work can be omitted, and the work efficiency can be improved.

[Example]
1. Formation of the soil mixture layer on the slope (1) Example 1
(I) Preparation of slurry of guest soil mixture A base material composed of 37.5% by mass of bark compost, 15% by mass of peat moss, 22.5% by mass of black soil and 25% by mass of fly ash was prepared.

  1.6 parts by mass of aluminum sulfate, 1.6 parts by mass of calcium sulfate, 1.6 parts by mass of fumed silica, and 11.2 parts by mass of cement were mixed, and 64 parts by mass of sludge ash was mixed with 16 parts by mass of the resulting mixture. And what was prepared was prepared as a binder.

  As a fertilizer, high control 700 (trade name) manufactured by Jacom Agri Co., Ltd. was prepared.

  The plant seed was prepared wormwood, Medohagi, those three mixed white clover.

  The above-mentioned base material 1600 kg, binder 15 kg, fertilizer 4 kg, plant seeds 1.49 kg and pH adjuster 4.2 kg were mixed to prepare a soil mixture.

  Next, the obtained soil mixture was put into a tank together with water and stirred to prepare a slurry of the soil mixture.

(Ii) Spraying to the slope The obtained soil mixture mixture slurry is put into a spraying machine to which an air compressor is connected, and the slurry is sprayed from the spraying nozzle of the spraying machine. Sprayed onto surface 4. Here, the target slope 4 has an inclination angle of about 45 degrees and an area of about 80 m ² . At this time, the thickness of the slurry of the soil mixture was about 10 cm and was almost constant as a whole. After that, the soil mixture layer 8 was formed on the slope by allowing it to stand for one day to evaporate water and cure the binder.

(Iii) Laying of a wire mesh A wire mesh 2 in which a hexagonal mesh 20 was formed by an iron wire having a wire diameter of 1.2 mm was prepared. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the mesh 20 has a horizontal length h of about 26 mm and a vertical length v of about 30 mm. In addition, each opposite side distance x of a hexagon is about 26 mm. The wire mesh 2 has a basic unit with a width of 2 m and a length of 20 m, and a plurality of wire meshes of this basic unit were prepared.

  The wire mesh 2 is covered with a soil mixture layer 8 on the slope 4 as shown in FIG. Specifically, the slope 2 to be greened in this embodiment is a slope extending between the upper horizontal step 6 on the upper side and the lower horizontal step 10 on the lower side. As described above, the soil mixture layer 8 is provided on this slope. The basic unit wire net 2 is arranged so as to cover the soil mixture layer 8 from the upper step portion 6 to the lower step portion 10. Then, the basic unit wire nets 2 are sequentially arranged in the lateral direction of the soil mixture layer 8. At this time, the adjacent metal meshes 2 are slightly overlapped. After that, the wire mesh 2 was laid mainly by driving anchor pins 12 for fixing to the overlapped portions and fixing the wire mesh 2 on the slope of the soil layer 8.

(2) Example 2
The size of the mesh 20 of the wire mesh 2 is the same as that of Example 1 except that the horizontal length h is about 10 mm, the vertical length v is about 15 mm, and each opposite side distance x is about 10 mm. In the same manner, a soil mixture layer 8 was formed on the slope.

(3) Comparative Example 1
The size of the mesh 20 of the wire mesh 2 is the same as that of Example 1 except that the horizontal length is about 60 mm, the vertical length v is about 70 mm, and each opposite side distance x is about 60 mm. In the same manner, a soil mixture layer 8 was formed on the slope.

(4) Comparative Example 2
Except that the wire mesh 2 was not laid, the soil mixture layer 8 was formed on the slope 4 in the same manner as in Example 1.

2. Discussion For the slopes of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, after 4 weeks, the soil layer 8 was observed to confirm the germination and growth state of the seeds. The results will be described below.

  In the slope of Example 1, it germinated uniformly, the plant grew thick, and there was no food damage by wild animals, such as a deer. The wire mesh 2 laid on the soil mixture layer 8 repels wild animals and effectively suppresses food damage.

  Even in the slope of Example 2, it germinated evenly, the plant grew thick, and there was no food damage by wild animals such as deer. However, in the case of Example 2, the mesh 20 of the wire mesh 2 was too fine, and the speed of plant growth was slower than that of Example 1.

  In the slope of Comparative Example 1, germination was sparse and was damaged in some places. This is because the mesh of the wire mesh is larger than that of Example 1, and the repelling effect of the wire mesh did not work sufficiently against wild animals such as deer.

  The slope of Comparative Example 2 was less germinated than Comparative Example 1 and was further damaged by food. This is because the wire mesh was not laid, so these wild animals could eat the seeds of the plants and the germinated buds without any obstacles.

  As described above, to suppress feeding damage caused by wild animals in slope greening, laying a wire mesh having a mesh size smaller than the size of the ground contact portion of the hoof of these wild animals as in the present invention. Can be said to be effective.

2 Wire mesh 4 Slope 6 Upper step 8 Soil mixture layer 10 Lower step 12 Anchor pin 22 Mesh 30 Hoof

Claims (4)

A preparatory step of preparing a slurry of the soil mixture containing plant seeds;
A spraying step of spraying the slurry onto the slope to form a soil mixture layer;
A wire mesh laying step of laying a wire mesh so as to cover the guest soil mixture layer,
The wire netting method is characterized in that the mesh size is smaller than the size of the ground contact portion of the hoofed animal that eats seeds of the plant or buds germinated from the seeds.   The length of the mesh in the vertical direction is 20 mm or more and 30 mm or less, and the length in the horizontal direction of the mesh is 20 mm or more and 30 mm or less.   The coral rehabilitation method revegetation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wire mesh is made of a material that corrodes and disappears due to secular change.   The planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plant is an unfavorable plant of the ungulate animal.

Images