JP3464059B2 - Soil cover and method for supporting plant growth - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil cover for permanently preventing growth of weeds around the roots of plantings planted in road medians, parks, street trees, etc. The present invention relates to a plant growth support method using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, for example, plantings have been planted in road medians and parks, roadside trees have been planted, vegetation has been planted in mountains,
Afforestation is promoted by planting trees. After planting, weeds grow around the roots of these plantings, and if left alone, the planted plants will die in 1-2 years after losing to weeds, especially vine weeds. Therefore, weeds must be mowed regularly.

However, the cutting of undergrowth is a heavy labor, and due to the lack of manpower and the aging of forestry workers, it is difficult to do so. Moreover, harvesting plantings planted in the median strip of roads and weeds near roadside trees is becoming more dangerous as traffic volume increases in recent years, and moreover, it is necessary to work while sucking exhaust gas. There are also problems with health, so work tends to be delayed.

For this reason, various attempts have been made to eliminate the need for weeding undergrowth by laying various mats and sheets around the roots of plantings to prevent the growth of weeds.

As the soil cover used for such a purpose, for example, those made of vegetable fibers such as straw, old tatami mat, Manila hemp, and palm have been used for a long time. In addition, veneer boards, plastic sheets, cardboards, etc. are also used, and in this case, it is also known that a sheet is perforated to impart water permeability.

[0006] Furthermore, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 51-146255 proposes a seedling growing subsidy board formed of an inorganic wool mat, which is provided with through holes and cut grooves for inserting seedlings into the mat. A mat is laid around the area to prevent the growth of weeds.

On the other hand, various types of beds using inorganic fiber mats have been proposed for nursery beds, hydroponic cultivation beds and the like. For example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-43934 discloses a water-retaining mineral fiber nursery bed in which an organic polymer water-absorbing agent and an inorganic water-retaining agent are mixed or dispersed in a mat of mineral fibers.

The inventors of the present invention have also disclosed Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3048/1993.
No. 41 proposes a method of using a mat of inorganic fibers as a soil cover.

[0009]

However, in soil covers using plant fibers such as old tatami mats and straw, the water absorption rate increases due to decay, and the thickness gradually decreases due to the effects of rain and snow. Therefore, the effect is at most 1
It lasted for only ~ 2 years, and after that, there was a problem that the seeds of the weeds that came flying started to sprout.

[0010] In addition, when covering the roots of plantings, such as veneer boards, it is necessary to level the soil surface and
When the covered area is large, the plate becomes large and heavy, and there is a problem that manpower and machinery are required.
In addition, a sheet with holes made of plastic, etc., has water permeability, but since the shoots of weeds emerge from the holes, the effect is thin and it does not decay and disappear,
There was a problem that it was difficult to clean up. In addition, cardboard loses its strength when wet and may break under the weight of snow, so the effect of weeds on growth prevention can only last for 1-2 years and has a short lifespan. There was a problem.

Furthermore, flammable soil covers such as straw, old tatami mats, and veneer boards may cause a fire due to, for example, throwing away cigarettes.

On the other hand, in the seedling growing subsidy board formed of the inorganic wool mat disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 51-146255, the physical properties of the inorganic fiber mat for reliably obtaining the weed growth prevention effect and water permeability have been examined. Since it was insufficient, it has not yet been put to practical use.

Further, the water-retaining mineral fiber nursery bed disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-43934 is designed to retain water and nutrients necessary for the growth of seedlings, and to prevent the growth of weeds. Can not be used as a soil cover.

Further, in the method of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-304841, since a mat formed is laid, a gap may be formed depending on the shape of the laying place, and weeds may grow from there. was there. Also, if small shrubs or twigs are growing in the laying place,
Complicated work such as making a cut in the mat was required. Furthermore, it was necessary to fix it using a net so that it would not be blown away by the wind.

On the other hand, it is also practiced to prevent the growth of weeds by spraying a herbicide without using a soil cover. However, the herbicide has a short effective period and is not only effective against weeds. Often harmful to plants, and when used for medians of roads and roadside trees, it is harmful to people passing by and further pollutes vehicles that pass by when spraying. There was a problem.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to be able to sufficiently maintain the growth prevention effect of weeds for a long period of time and to form a gap even if the laying site has a complicated shape. (EN) It is an object to provide a soil cover that can be fitted without causing any problems, can be easily laid, and does not require disposal, and a method for supporting plant growth using the soil cover.

[0017]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have mixed a binder with an inorganic fiber having a specific average fiber diameter, and used this mixture as a base for planting. By laying and solidifying it around the surroundings directly by a method such as spraying, the soil cover can be fitted without creating a gap even if the shape of the laying place is complicated, and the soil cover can be laid easily, The inventors have found that growth can be effectively prevented over a long period of time and have completed the present invention.

That is, in the soil cover of the present invention, a mixture of granular cotton of inorganic fibers having an average fiber diameter of 1 to 12 μm and cement has an areal density of 0.5 to 10 kg / m ² and a density of 200 kg / m ³ or less. It is a soil cover laid and solidified so that
The cement has a solid content with respect to the entire soil cover.
2 to 20% by weight is contained .

In addition, the method for promoting plant growth of the present invention is characterized in that an inorganic fiber having an average fiber diameter of 1 to 12 μm is formed around the root of a planted plant .
And granulated cotton, and cement, a mixture of water, said cell
The solid content of the entire soil cover to be formed.
Adjusted to contain 2 to 20% by weight
Is laid and solidified to have an areal density of 0.5 to 10 kg / m ² and a density of 200 kg / m ³ or less to form a soil cover.

The soil cover of the present invention has a slow-acting and slow-acting effect in order to enhance the growth-supporting effect by preventing the growth of weeds and supplying nutrients necessary for plant growth and protecting them from diseases. It is preferable to contain one or more selected from fertilizers, plant growth regulators, pesticides such as fungicides, insecticides and mouse repellents.

The present invention will be described in more detail below. The soil cover of the present invention contains a mixture of an inorganic fiber having an average fiber diameter of 1 to 12 μm and a binder with an areal density of 0.5 to 10
It was laid and solidified so that the density would be less than 200 kg / m ³ and kg / m ² .

In the present invention, for example, glass wool, rock wool, etc. are preferably used as the inorganic fiber, and the inorganic fiber is used after being formed into particles . The average fiber diameter of the inorganic fibers is preferably 1 to 12 μm. Average fiber diameter is 1
When the average fiber diameter is less than 12 μm, the rigidity of the soil cover becomes too strong and the shape recovery of the soil cover becomes weak, and the thickness tends to decrease. There is a problem that it is difficult to cover by fitting it to the soil surface. In addition, when the fiber diameter is large, there is a problem in that it is difficult to work because it scatters and scratches when touching a human body.

After mixing and stirring the inorganic fibers and the binder, the soil cover is formed by laying it at a place where the soil cover should be laid by a method such as spraying and solidifying. As the binder, cement that is resistant to decay and safe for plants is used. The amount used is preferably as small as possible within the range necessary for molding the soil cover, and is 2 to 20% by weight as solid content based on the whole soil cover .

Further, in order not to spoil the appearance when the soil cover is laid, a pigment may be added to the binder to color the soil cover in, for example, brown or green.

The soil cover has an area density of 0.5 to 10 kg / m ² ,
The density is preferably 200 kg / m ³ or less. Areal density
If it is less than 0.5 kg / m ² , sunlight easily penetrates to the surface of the soil, and vegetation of the weeds comes out through the soil cover due to the tropism of the plant, so the growth prevention effect of the weeds cannot be obtained sufficiently, If it exceeds 10 kg / m ² , the soil cover becomes too thick and the laying work becomes difficult, and the amount of inorganic fibers per unit area increases, which is uneconomical. Furthermore, if the density of the inorganic fiber soil cover exceeds 200 kg / m3, the water content retained in the soil cover will increase, and the flying weed seeds will germinate and grow.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil cover is provided with one or more selected from slow-acting and slow-acting fertilizers, plant growth regulators, pesticides, insecticides, pesticides such as mouse repellents. Contains two or more. These fertilizers, plant growth regulators, and pesticides can be contained in the soil cover in the form of fibers or granules, dispersed or contained therein, or coated with inorganic fibers. Furthermore, the soil cover is mixed with a small amount of an inorganic or organic holding agent, and the fertilizer is added to the holding agent.
It can also hold plant growth regulators and pesticides.

As the slow-acting and slow-acting fertilizers, NP
-K system, NK system, NP system, PK system, NPK
+ X (where x is a trace element) and the like are preferably used, and N-P-K + Mg is more preferably used. Also, if the soil is acidic, alkaline, it is preferable to add a soil improver, for example, if the soil is alkaline,
It is preferable to use a sulfate or the like.

As the bactericide, mannebu type, TP
N-type, thiuram-type, etc. are preferably used. For example, when the roadside tree is Hiba, it is preferable to use TPN.
Further, as the insecticide, MEP type, acephate type, C
The VMP type is preferable, and when the roadside tree is a cherry tree, the acephate type is preferable.

[0029]

The soil cover of the present invention is formed by directly laying and solidifying it on the surface of the soil around the root of the planted plant, so that it can fit more than the mat and is less likely to cause gaps, and can be used for small shrubs and shrubs. Even when twigs are growing, there is no need for complicated work such as making a cut, and it is not necessary to fix them with a net so that they are not blown away by the wind.

Also, from the time when azaleas and the like are grown in advance in a nursery field, the soil cover of the present invention is put on, the whole soil is peeled off, and the soil cover is spread, for example, and the soil cover is laid separately. It is no longer necessary, and weed control work can be almost omitted.

The soil cover of the present invention has an average fiber diameter of 1 to
Since it is made of 12 μm inorganic fiber, the shape recovery of the soil cover is good, the decrease in thickness is prevented, and the flexibility of the soil cover can be maintained. Further, by setting the areal density of 0.5 to 10 kg / m ² and the density of 200 kg / m ³ or less, the effect of blocking sunlight is enhanced and sufficient water permeability can be imparted.

Further, since the inorganic fiber soil cover has water permeability and small water retention, the seeds of flying weeds do not germinate, and even if they germinate, the surface of the soil cover dries in a short time. It does not grow.

Furthermore, the soil cover made of inorganic fiber is
If it decays, it can be returned to the soil, so there is no need to clean it up. Therefore, after planting the planted plant, if the root of the planted plant is covered with the soil cover of the present invention, the weeding work is not required for at least several years and the plant can be left as it is. Therefore, the manpower required to mow the undergrowth becomes unnecessary, and in particular, during the weeding work of plantings and roadside trees planted in the median strip of roads, there is a danger associated with an increase in traffic volume and exhaust gas. It is possible to solve problems such as adverse effects on health due to.

The thickness of the soil cover of the present invention decreases when it is covered with snow in winter, for example, but since it is a soil cover made of inorganic fibers, it is resistant to repeated freezing and thawing, and snow falls in spring. When it disappears, it will regain its thickness and for several years it will be able to keep water retention low enough that the weed species will not germinate on this soil cover. Also, because this soil cover is elastic, it will not tear under the weight of snow.

Further, the soil cover made of inorganic fiber is
As it has heat insulation properties, covering the roots of plantings protects the roots of the plant from the cold in winter and the dryness and heat in summer, and promotes the growth of the plant. be able to. In addition, plantings that are difficult to grow in cold regions, for example, when growing camellias in the suburbs of Sapporo, can be protected from freezing in the winter and enable growth, and planting that is vulnerable to drought Also in the case of the product, by covering with the soil cover, it is possible to delay the evaporation of water from the surface of the ground, enhance the water retention in the soil and promote the growth of roots.

Furthermore, since the soil cover made of inorganic fiber is nonflammable, it is possible to prevent a fire caused by throwing away tobacco, for example.

The soil cover of the present invention contains one or more kinds selected from slow-acting and slow-acting fertilizers, plant growth regulators, pesticides such as fungicides, insecticides and mouse repellents. In such a case, it is possible to obtain the effects of supplying the nutrients necessary for the growth of the plant to promote the growth and protecting the plant from various diseases. In this case, fertilizers, plant growth regulators, pesticides, etc. are contained in the soil cover, so they are protected from sunlight, are less likely to deteriorate, and are prevented from being washed away by rainwater or scattered by the wind. The effect can be maintained over a long period of time.

By holding fertilizers, plant growth regulators, pesticides, etc. in the soil cover, it becomes possible to supply them in appropriate amounts and evenly to the plantings. In addition, rainwater penetrates through the soil cover and passes quickly,
Fertilizers, plant growth regulators, pesticides, etc. are prevented from being dissolved in rainwater and run off, and there is less risk that these will run off into the ground all at once and cause water pollution.

[0039]

Example 1 Reference Example 1 Vinyl acetate emulsion having a solid content of 45% by weight (100% by weight of rock wool granular cotton (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.) having an average fiber diameter of 5 μm (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, trade name “Boncoat” NS-1 ") and 200 parts by weight of water were added and mixed using a kneader.

In Ichihara City, Chiba Prefecture, in August 1992,
By spraying and solidifying the above mixture onto the ground surface around the roots of oleander trees, the diameter is 1.2 m and the thickness is 50.
mm, an average areal density of 7.5 kg / m ² and a density of 150 kg / m ³ were used to form a soil cover.

In this state, when it was left for almost two years until July 1994, the weeds grown through the soil cover were 1 to 2 / m ² , and compared with the case where the soil cover was not applied, The effect of suppressing the growth was remarkable.

Further, in winter, at a depth of 5 cm underground, the temperatures of the place with and without the soil cover were measured, and the daily difference was observed. The place with the soil cover was compared with the place without the soil cover. However, the difference decreased by 1 ° C and the minimum temperature increased by 0.4 to 0.6 ° C.

Example : 100 parts by weight of rock wool granular cotton (manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.) having an average fiber diameter of 5 μm, and 10 parts by weight of cement,
200 parts by weight of water was added and mixed using a kneader.

Similar to Reference Example 1 , the above mixture was sprayed on the ground surface around the roots of the oleander tree to solidify it, to obtain a diameter of 1.4 m, a thickness of 55 mm and an average areal density of 8.5 kg /
A soil cover with m ² and density of 155 kg / m ³ was formed.

When left for 2 years in this state, the weeds grown through the soil cover were only 0 to 1 / m ² , and no obstacle was observed in the growth of oleander.

Reference Example 2 As in Reference Example 1 , an acrylic resin emulsion having a solid content of 45% by weight was added to 100 parts by weight of rock wool granular cotton having an average fiber diameter of 5 μm (trade name “Boncoat CU211 manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. )) 10 parts by weight and 200 parts by weight of water were added and mixed using a kneader.

This mixture was sprayed on a fine wire mesh,
After sufficiently drying, a 30 cm square soil cover having an areal density of 5 kg / m ² , a density of 100 kg / m ³ and a thickness of 50 mm was formed.

Moisture content 1 having the particle size distribution shown in Table 1
2410 g of 7.8 wt% river sand was placed in each of two resin rectangular boxes (inner 140 mm x 240 mm, depth 70 mm), and one surface thereof was covered with the soil cover.

[0049]

[Table 1]

These were allowed to stand for 24 hours on a midsummer day, and the difference in the evaporation amount of water between the case where they were covered with a soil cover and the case where they were not covered were measured. In addition, the time of direct sunlight is the average value of the amount of water evaporation for 3 hours from 11:20 when direct sunlight hits,
Other times are 17:20 to 7:20 without direct sunlight.
It is the average value of the amount of water evaporated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0051]

[Table 2]

[0052] From the results in Table 2, for example, 6 hours time for receiving the direct sunlight, the other time as 18 hours, Soy
If the amount of evaporation suppression per day is calculated from the difference in the amount of water evaporation with and without the cover, it is 38 04 g / m ² / day. When converted into rainfall, this is 3.8 mm / m ² / day, which is an amount sufficient for plant growth.

Reference Example 3 As in Reference Example 1 , a vinyl acetate emulsion having a solid content of 45% by weight (100% by weight of rock wool granular cotton having an average fiber diameter of 5 μm, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, under the trade name “Boncoat NS”) -1 ") 10 parts by weight and 200 parts by weight of water are added,
It mixed using the kneader.

In May, 20 cedar seedlings of uniform height were planted in the same place at the same intervals, and the roots of 10 of these seedlings were mixed with the above mixture at a diameter of 1 m and an areal density of 10 kg. / m ² , density
It is sprayed so that it becomes a 100 kg / m ³ soil cover, and in between, “Green Map” (trade name, manufactured by Japan Joint Fertilizer Co., Ltd.), a slow-acting solid fertilizer, is sandwiched at an average of 100 g / m ² for soil cover. Was laid. On the other hand, the remaining 10
Without laying a soil cover, the same slow-acting solid fertilizer was sprinkled evenly around the root of the seedling at a diameter of 1 m at 100 g / m ² and grown for 3 years.

As a result, weeds did not grow at all around the root of the cedar tree laid with a soil cover for 3 years.
Weeds grew around the roots of cedar trees that had not been laid with soil covers every year from the year after they were planted, and many cedar trees were entwined with them.

Also, the average height A of 10 cedar trees laid with soil covers and cedar trees without soil covers laid
The difference from the average height B of 10 pieces was measured every year. The results are shown in Table 3. The difference in average height is expressed in% obtained by the following mathematical formula 1.

[0057]

[Equation 1] {(A−B) / B} × 100

[0058]

[Table 3]

From the results shown in Table 3, it can be seen that the cedar tree laid with the soil cover has a better growth than the tree not laid. Cedar trees laid with soil covers are more than 30% higher than those without laid after three years.

[0060]

As described above, the soil cover of the present invention comprises granular cotton of inorganic fibers having an average fiber diameter of 1 to 12 μm,
Soil cover made by laying and solidifying a mixture with cement so that the areal density is 0.5 to 10 kg / m ² and the density is 200 kg / m ³ or less.
The cement covers the entire soil cover.
On the other hand, since it contains 2 to 20% by weight as a solid content ,
It can be fitted to the soil surface around the root of the planted plant to cover it, and gaps do not easily occur, and complicated work such as making incisions is necessary even when small shrubs or twigs are growing. Moreover, there is no need to fix it with a net to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. In addition, since it blocks sunlight sufficiently and has water permeability, the growth of weeds can be effectively prevented.

Further, since the material is excellent in shape restoring force and is resistant to decay, the above weed growth prevention effect can be maintained for a long period of time. Furthermore, the soil cover made of inorganic fiber can be returned to the soil when it has decayed, so there is no need to clean it up.

Therefore, it is not necessary to weed the planted plant after planting the planted plant, and the manpower required to mow the undergrowth becomes unnecessary. In particular, if it is applied to plantings and roadside trees planted in the median strip of roads, weeding work can be omitted, so there are problems such as the danger associated with increased traffic volume and adverse health effects due to exhaust gas. Can be solved.

Further, since the soil cover of the present invention has a heat insulating and heat insulating property, if the periphery of the root of the plant is covered, the root of the plant is protected from the cold in winter and the dryness and heat in summer. It is possible to promote the growth of plantings. Furthermore, if the soil cover of the present invention contains fertilizers, plant growth regulators, and pesticides such as fungicides and insecticides, it is possible to supply nutrients necessary for plant growth and prevent diseases. Therefore, the effect of promoting the growth of plants can be further enhanced.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (56) Reference JP-A-5-304841 (JP, A) JP-A-3-240418 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 13/00 A01M 21/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A granular inorganic fibers having an average fiber diameter of 1~12μm
A mixture of cotton and cement with an areal density of 0.5-10 kg / m
^2, Seo density was laid solidified so that 200 kg / m ³ or less
An oil cover, wherein the cement is the soil cover.
-Contains 2 to 20% by weight of solid content
Soil cover, characterized in that that. 2. The soil cover according to claim 1, which contains at least one selected from slow-acting and slow-acting fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, and plant growth regulators. 3. An average fiber diameter of 1 to 1 around the root of the planting.
A mixture of 12 μm inorganic fiber granular cotton , cement and water , said cement being the soil cover to be formed.
2 to 20% by weight as solid content based on the whole
The surface density is 0.5 to 10 kg / m ² , and the density is
A method for supporting the growth of plants, which comprises laying and solidifying the soil cover to 200 kg / m ³ or less to form a soil cover. 4. The method for promoting plant growth according to claim 3 , wherein the soil cover contains at least one selected from slow-acting and slow-acting fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, and plant growth regulators.