JP2015039697A - Odorless fermentative decomposition treatment system for biomass (organic matter) - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an odorless fermentative decomposition treatment system in which biomass (organic matters) is subjected to fermentative decomposition treatment in an inexpensive, a convenient, an easy, a sanitary, and moreover in an efficient manner in an extremely short period by using microorganisms, while at the same time, substantially reducing generation of malodor resulting from activity of putrefying bacteria and saprophytic bacteria, that is normally generated, when performing fermentative decomposition treatment of the biomass.SOLUTION: In an odorless fermentative decomposition treatment system, firstly and concretely, a necessary spawn parent material (a bacteria bed) is manufactured by using an acidic (PH4.0 or less) fermentative decomposition accelerating liquid composed from lactic acid bacteria or the like derived from cereal grain. Then, an appropriate amount of the fermentative decomposition accelerating liquid is sprinkled and mixed into biomass (organic matters) to be decomposed, and after suppressing generation of malodor, the biomass is stacked and further covered with an appropriate amount of the spawn parent material (the bacteria bed), and left to stand to be anaerobically fermented. After finishing the anaerobic fermentation, and after agitating and mixing (aeration) the biomass and the bacteria bed, the agitated and mixed matters are stacked and left to stand for aerobic fermentation. This operation is repeated until decomposition is finished.

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for odorless fermentation decomposition treatment of biomass (organic matter) in a short period of time using microorganisms.

  Conventionally, techniques for fermenting, ripening, and composting livestock waste (biomass) such as raw garbage, vegetable waste from farm work, and livestock manure have been known for a long time. In recent years, biomass (organic matter) has been fermented and decomposed to generate methane gas, which is collected and used as fuel, etc., and the main raw material is livestock manure, rice straw, rice husk, sawdust, bark, wood chips, etc. It is mixed and fermented as an auxiliary material and used as compost. However, these biomass fermentation and decomposition technologies have been studied and developed for the purpose of producing and using methane gas and as compost (compost), and it is necessary to decompose biomass (organic matter) itself. It has not been used as the intended technology. On the other hand, large cities are now equipped with large-scale activated sludge treatment sewage treatment facilities, and a huge amount of sewage is decomposed and purified every day by microorganisms. However, the target biomass (organic matter) to be decomposed is biomass (organic matter) dissolved in water, not organic suspended solids in its original form. In addition, the current microbe utilization technology has also been a result of the rapid development of gene-related technology, and there is a tendency to rapidly identify microbes by DNA analysis. The use of microorganisms in expensive aseptic rooms is becoming mainstream. However, when working in an open space such as indoors, outdoors, or in open buildings, it is affected by the resident bacteria group, and purely cultured single bacteria may not be able to fully demonstrate their effects.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is that biomass (organic matter) can be used in an open space such as indoors, outdoors, and open buildings in a very short period of time at a low cost, simply and easily, hygienically, and efficiently. In other words, it is to be fermented and decomposed by microorganisms, and at the same time, when the biomass (organic matter) is fermented and decomposed by microorganisms, the odor caused by the activity of spoilage bacteria and various germs usually generated is greatly suppressed. It ’s not brominated. That is, to provide a biomass (organic matter) odorless fermentation decomposition system.

  The means for solving the problem is to apply the present invention, and specifically, as follows.

  First, using an acidic fermentation decomposition promoting solution (PH 4.0 or less) consisting of microbial cells mainly composed of lactic acid bacteria extracted from cereals, a preferable fermentation environment is created, and easily degradable livestock feces, etc. Organic materials such as refractory rice husks and organic matter such as (1) anaerobic fermentation process, (2) aerobic fermentation (primary fermentation) process, (3) aging (secondary fermentation) process, and preferably Fermentation is continued in a sequential and sequential manner, while producing inoculum base material (bacteria bed) while greatly reducing the generation of malodor.

  Next, an appropriate amount of fermentation decomposition promoting liquid is distributed and mixed to the biomass to be decomposed (organic matter), changed to a weakly acidic atmosphere, and a favorable fermentation environment is created, and then deposited. The deposited biomass is covered so as to be wrapped with an appropriate amount of inoculum base material (bacteria bed), and is allowed to stand for 1 to 7 days while anaerobic fermentation is carried out while greatly suppressing the generation of malodor. Then, this biomass and inoculum base material (bacteria bed) are well agitated and mixed, sufficiently aerated, and then deposited and allowed to stand for aerobic fermentation. By repeating this aerobic fermentation operation, the biomass (organic matter) surrounded by the inoculum base material (bacteria bed) is greatly suppressed in the generation of malodor, and in a very short period (2 to 8 weeks). , Fermentation decomposition treatment. That is, biomass (organic matter) is decomposed mainly to the molecular level of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) by aerobic fermentation decomposition.

  In addition, the current microbe utilization technology has also been a result of the rapid development of gene-related technology, and there is a tendency to rapidly identify microbes by DNA analysis. The use of microorganisms in expensive aseptic rooms is becoming mainstream. However, when working indoors, outdoors, or in open buildings, it is affected by resident microorganisms, so purely cultured single bacteria may not be able to fully demonstrate their effects. In the present invention, considering the working environment in an open space, the microorganisms to be handled are regarded as a collection of microorganisms, that is, a group of microorganisms, and a system is constructed. It does not require a strictly controlled and expensive aseptic room, is inexpensive, simple and easy, and is hygienic and efficient. At the same time, when biomass (organic matter) is fermentatively decomposed by microorganisms, the odor caused by the activity of spoilage bacteria and various germs that occur normally is greatly suppressed, and microbial deodorization of the inoculum base material (bacteria bed) The effect is added, and odorless fermentation decomposition treatment is possible.

  In the present invention, biomass is fermented and decomposed in a high temperature range (60 ° C. to 90 ° C.), but operation in a temperature range of 75 ° C. or higher is also possible, and normal pathogenic bacteria, spoilage bacteria and miscellaneous bacteria are killed. However, plant seeds are also inactivated and can be treated with excellent hygiene.

  In the slaughterhouse, various biomass such as internal organs and contents of the slaughtered livestock, tallow and blood are discharged. However, these treatments are treated and purified as part of wastewater treatment by the activated sludge method. The same purification and treatment methods are used for wastewater from sewers and food processing plants. The activated sludge method is good at decomposing and purifying dissolved biomass (organic matter) with microorganisms. However, organic suspended matter (SS), especially fats and oils, blood, vegetable waste, etc. Rather, I am not good at it. Normally, these organic suspended solids (SS) are physically separated and incinerated by screens and centrifuges. However, this incinerated biomass (organic matter) usually has a high moisture content, so it does not burn itself but is incinerated using fuel. If this invention is employ | adopted, these organic suspended solids (SS) can be fermented and decomposed in a short period, cheaply, simply, easily, hygienically, and efficiently.

: This is a manufacturing process diagram (flow diagram) for producing inoculum base material (fungus bed). : Process diagram (flow diagram) for odorless fermentation decomposition treatment of biomass (organic matter).

  The present invention considers the working environment in an open space such as indoors, outdoors, or open buildings, and treats microorganisms (such as fungi) to be handled as fungal aggregates, that is, fungal bodies, and builds a system. This can be done with normal attention level work. First, an inoculum base material (bacteria bed) is manufactured. Disperse and mix the appropriate amount of fermentation decomposition accelerating liquid into the readily degradable organic matter (livestock manure, etc.) as the main raw material, then add the hardly degradable organic matter such as rice husk as the auxiliary material, and stir and mix Deposit and let stand to develop anaerobic fermentation. Thus, (1) anaerobic fermentation step, (2) aerobic fermentation (primary fermentation) step, (3) ripening (secondary fermentation) step, and preferred fermentation are sequentially and continuously expressed and continued, The inoculum base material (bacteria bed) is manufactured while suppressing the generation of malodor. Usually, it is desirable to produce and store a sufficient amount of inoculum base material (bacteria bed) in advance.

  The main raw material, readily decomposable organic matter, is a food that grows a group of microorganisms that decompose odorless fermentation of biomass (organic matter). Therefore, if the biomass to be decomposed is a cereal, it is desirable to use rice bran or bran (wheat straw) as an easily decomposable raw material. Moreover, when using vegetable oils and fats as the biomass to be decomposed (organic matter), it is desirable to use oil meal such as soybeans and rapeseed. In addition, when using fallen leaves as biomass to be decomposed (organic matter), it is important to grow Bacillus subtilis. However, we usually use livestock manure, which is easy to obtain, taking into account the decomposition of plant organic matter that is difficult to decompose.

  The sub-degradable organic substance, which is an auxiliary material, plays the role of a carrier that holds and contains microorganisms such as fungi at high density. Therefore, we think that porous rice husks that are difficult to disassemble, have little wear, and the like are optimal.

  Next, an appropriate amount of a fermentation decomposition promoting solution (PH 4.0 or less) is distributed and mixed to the biomass (organic matter) to be decomposed, and deposited (stack height 1 m to 2 m). The deposited biomass (organic matter) is covered so as to be wrapped with an appropriate amount of inoculum base material (bacteria bed), and is allowed to stand for 1 to 7 days and anaerobically fermented while greatly suppressing the generation of malodor. After that, the accumulated biomass (organic matter) and the inoculum base material (bacteria bed) are well agitated and mixed, sufficiently aerated, and after adjusting the water content ratio, it is deposited again (stack height 1.5m-2m). Lead to aerial fermentation and let stand for 1-7 days. Thereafter, this operation (stirring / deposition / standing) is repeated until the fermentation decomposition treatment of the raw material biomass (organic matter) is completed.

  Usually, in 4 to 8 weeks, the biomass to be decomposed (organic matter) is subjected to odorless fermentation decomposition treatment at a high temperature range (60 to 90 ° C.) by the microorganism group in the inoculum base material (bacteria bed).

  When performing the high-temperature range fermentation decomposition treatment, when shortening the treatment time or stabilizing the treatment is desired, it is desirable to aerate the raw material being deposited and supply sufficient oxygen. Further, it is desirable to use the biomass (organic matter) to be decomposed in a finely pulverized state.

  One of the features of the present invention is that it can easily ferment and decompose huge individuals such as dying cattle, horses and pigs. In this case, first, a large amount of an individual such as cattle to be decomposed is distributed to a large individual such as cattle to be decomposed (PH 4.0 or less), and after preparing the fermentation environment, And covering with a seed material base material (bacteria bed) of 3 to 10 times the volume) and let stand. At this time, if the target biomass (organic matter) is an individual such as a cow, it is difficult to agitate and mix the cow (biomass) and the inoculum base material (fungus bed). However, it is very effective to perform aeration as a means to promote aerobic fermentation. Of course, with regard to aeration, the use of pure oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, and ozone instead of air can be expected to be effective.

  Another feature of the present invention is that it can deal with a wide variety of biomass (organic matter) such as food residues such as leftover food, body of livestock, poultry and fish, as well as internal organs and their contents, tallow and blood. This means that the target biomass (organic matter) can be processed easily, easily, easily, hygienically, and efficiently without odor-degrading fermentation while significantly reducing the generation of malodors in a short period of time. In addition, because it can be fermented and decomposed at high temperatures (60 ° C to 90 ° C), it can kill normal pathogenic bacteria. Of course, the form of the biomass to be decomposed (organic matter) can be easily dealt with in any case when it is not crushed, coarsely pulverized, or finely pulverized.

  The high-quality inoculum base material (bacteria bed) produced by the method for producing the inoculum base material (bacteria bed) of the present invention is the same as the so-called odorless and fully ripe high-temperature fermentation compost (compost). That is, of course, it is possible to produce high quality odorless and ripe high temperature fermented compost (compost) using some techniques of the present invention. In addition, if a technique for fermenting and decomposing biomass (organic matter) to a molecular level in a short period of time using a fermentation decomposition promoting solution (PH 4.0 or less) of the inoculum base material (bacteria bed) of the present invention is further shortened. High quality odorless and fully ripe high temperature fermented compost (compost) can be made in between (3-5 weeks). In other words, odorless, fully-ripened and high-temperature fermented compost can be easily produced simply by replacing the biomass (organic matter) to be decomposed with an appropriate amount of livestock manure and an appropriate amount of rice husk.

  Production of the inoculum base material (bacteria bed) begins with (1) anaerobic fermentation step, then (2) aerobic fermentation step, and finally (3) aging step, for a very short period (6 to 12 weeks). To complete. During this time, not only completely degradable livestock feces are completely decomposed, but also hard-to-decompose organic matter such as rice husks are embrittled and partially decomposed, and digestive fungi inhabiting livestock feces and the surrounding environment If necessary, plant and proliferate bacterial groups composed of resident bacterial groups such as soil fungi, Bacillus subtilis, natto fungi, actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi. It is possible to produce an inoculum base material (bacteria bed) that encloses the inoculum group necessary for the fermentation decomposition treatment in a specific, selective and high density manner. Therefore, it is possible to produce inoculum base material (bacteria bed) that specifically and selectively decomposes specific biomass (organic matter). In practice, when implementing the present invention, it is desirable that the inoculum base material (bacteria bed) is usually manufactured and stored in advance and prepared so as to be ready for use.

  Fermentation decomposition promoting liquid is composed of a group of bacteria mainly consisting of lactic acid bacteria extracted from cereals, and is usually an acidic (PH 4.0 or less) liquid called a fermentation starter. In addition, the function of the fermentation decomposition promoting liquid of the present invention creates a weakly acidic preferable fermentation environment, suppresses the activity of spoilage bacteria and various bacteria, and greatly suppresses the generation of malodor caused by the activity of the spoilage bacteria and bacteria. On the other hand, a series of fermentation processes required for the fermentation decomposition process are expressed and continued only in a favorable and sequential manner, and all fermentation processes are terminated in the preferred fermentation process. That is, it is a function that embodies the fermentation management technology that is the core of the present invention. Further, in place of the fermentation component promoting solution of the present invention, the “organic odorless fermentation decomposition promoting solution” described in the existing patent No. 4887543 can also be used. May be used. Similarly, in the present invention, other acids such as lactic acid and citric acid can be used instead of the lactic acid bacteria group. However, considering the existence of an anaerobic fermentation process for about 1 to 7 days, the use of the “fermentative degradation promoting solution” of the present invention, which mainly consists of live lactic acid bacteria that continue to make lactic acid, is considered the most desirable. Another effect of using live lactic acid bacteria is that the aerobic fermentation (primary fermentation) process after the anaerobic fermentation process mainly involves fermentation in a high temperature range (60 ° C to 90 ° C), which is weak against high heat. Many die, become food for other high-temperature fermenting bacteria, and support the activities of high-temperature fermenting bacteria.

In the United States, it is difficult to handle the disposer treatment of household garbage, which is widely used, with the current capabilities of Japan's sewerage system. In Japan, the disposer cannot be used. That is, if a disposer is installed in every household in a large city as it is, and each household pulverizes raw garbage and releases it to sewage, the disposer residue (fine crushed waste from household garbage) This is because it becomes an organic suspended solid (SS) and flows into the sewage treatment plant, far exceeding the treatment capacity of the current sewage treatment plant, and cannot be handled. One of the biggest objectives of the present invention is to solve the above problems and change household garbage disposal to disposer grinding treatment like the United States.
According to the present invention, the disposer residue that has flowed into the sewage treatment plant is physically separated by a screen, a centrifuge, etc., and the disposer residue can be removed in a short time, at low cost, simply and easily by adding simple equipment. In addition, it can be odorless and fermentatively decomposed hygienically and efficiently. In this way, the adoption of the present invention can solve one of the problems of treatment capacity of sewage treatment plants. As a result, if the disposer can be used in each household, it will be easier to dispose of garbage at home, there will be no odor problems with garbage, and there will be no need for collection and transportation, and the efficiency of using existing sewers. (To make it more multifunctional with manure / sewage + garbage disposal), there is no need to pay a lot of money for incineration of garbage that does not burn. Therefore, the effects of the present invention are immeasurable in consideration of not only economic effects but also improvement of convenience of home life in Japan, particularly in large cities, and sanitation effects. There is.

  The present invention can be used as a biotoilet. An appropriate amount of inoculum base material (bacteria bed) should be laid on the stool, and simple stirring means (a piece of stirring or a stick) may be attached. If the frequency of use is appropriate and stirring is performed frequently, it can be used for a long time. Ideal for temporary toilets for disasters.

  The malodor control mechanism of the present invention is as follows. (1) By applying an appropriate amount of a fermentation decomposition promoting liquid (PH 4.0 or less) to biomass (organic matter) to be decomposed, alkaline ammonia and the like are deodorized by neutralization. (2) Suppresses the activity of spoilage bacteria and bacteria that are active in a neutral or alkaline atmosphere, greatly suppresses the generation of odors caused by the activity of spoilage bacteria and bacteria, and (3) resident microorganisms , For example, soil fungi, Bacillus subtilis, natto fungi, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, and so on. Since it is covered so that it wraps, this inoculum base material (bacteria bed) serves as a bio filter for microbial deodorization, and absorbs and decomposes the generated malodor, thereby greatly suppressing and reducing the emission of malodor. As described above, the present invention incorporates a three-step malodor control mechanism (mechanism), and therefore can stably exert the malodor control / reduction effect throughout the entire fermentation decomposition process. Therefore, the malodor control / reduction effect of the present invention is an epoch-making product that is extremely superior in terms of performance and cost.

  The present invention is the main body of livestock (including poultry) and shellfish discharged from food factories such as slaughterhouses, poultry processing plants, and fishery processing plants, which are most not good at wastewater treatment by the activated sludge method. , Internal organs and built-in contents, as well as various fats and oils such as beast (including livestock and poultry) fat, fish oil, food oil and fat, blood, protein and starch, and organic suspended matter (SS) in wastewater I think that it is the best form in terms of performance and cost. In addition, since the inoculum base material (bacteria bed) is less worn, there is an advantage that it can be used repeatedly, and the overall operation, maintenance, and management costs of the present invention are extremely low. In addition, for the production of a fermentation decomposition promoting liquid (PH 4.0 or less), the amount of application is as small as 1% by weight (10 l per 1 ton) of the biomass to be decomposed (organic matter), and can be easily obtained by an automatic culture device. Because it can be cultured and manufactured in large quantities, it can be easily adapted to large-scale treatment facilities.

  The present invention is effective even when biomass (organic matter) is processed on a large scale or in large quantities. Therefore, the present invention may become a basic technology / system that will enable Japan to introduce a disposer into the household as a trump card for garbage disposal in the future. If realized, the present invention will exert its effect to the maximum extent by disassembling the inflow disposer residue of a large-scale sewage treatment plant.

A: “Fermentation decomposition promoting liquid” = acidic (PH 4.0 or less) liquid mainly composed of microbial cells derived from grains. B: Easy degradable biomass (organic matter) such as livestock manure. The main raw material for producing inoculum base material (bacteria bed).
C: Persistent biomass (organic matter) such as rice husk. A secondary raw material for producing inoculum base material (bacteria bed).
X: Inoculum base material (bacteria bed) = carrier / bed for densely planting and embedding a group of bacteria necessary for fermentation decomposition treatment.
Y: Biomass (organic matter) to be decomposed. (The shape varies from individuals such as large cattle and horses to fine powders, tallow, oil, fish oil, and blood.)

Claims (5)

Rather than being separated and used as individual single pure bacteria, mainly from cereal-derived lactic acid bacteria and other resident microorganisms, they are viewed and used as normal resident bacteria that exist in normal environments. It can be easily carried out in open spaces such as indoors, outdoors, or open buildings by working at a normal level of caution, which does not require work in an aseptically controlled and expensive aseptic room. A biomass (organic matter) odorless fermentation decomposition system characterized by the following three elemental technologies.
(1) Using an acidic (PH4.0 or less) fermentation decomposition promoting liquid mainly composed of lactic acid bacteria derived from cereals, creating a weakly acidic preferable fermentation environment, suppressing the activity of spoilage bacteria and bacteria, Odorless fermentation management technology characterized in that preferred fermentation is expressed and continued in a sequential and sequential manner while significantly suppressing the generation of malodor caused by the activity of various bacteria. (2) Using the fermentation decomposition promoting liquid, Create a favorable fermentation environment that is weakly acidic, suppress the activity of spoilage bacteria and bacteria, and suppress the generation of malodors caused by the activity of spoilage bacteria and bacteria, while selectively and selectively using biomass (organic matter) Production technology of inoculum base material (bacterial bed) characterized by high density, growth, retention and inclusion of bacterial groups to be fermented and decomposed (3) The above inoculum base material (bacterial bed) and fermentation decomposition promoting liquid Using biomass, drastically generates bad odors in a short period of biomass (organic matter) While suppressing, biomass (organic pledge), characterized in that decomposes to a molecular level odorless fermentation decomposition processing techniques   The fermentation decomposition promoting liquid according to claim 1 is an acidic (PH 4.0 or less) liquid characterized by comprising a group of resident bacteria mainly composed of lactic acid bacteria derived from grains.   The fermentative decomposition accelerating solution according to claim 1 and 2 is sprinkled and stirred into biomass (organic matter), thereby changing to weak acidity, creating a preferable fermentation environment, and rot bacteria that are activated in a neutral or alkaline environment Suppressing the activity of various bacteria, significantly suppressing the generation of malodor caused by the activity of spoilage bacteria and bacteria, while expressing and continuing favorable fermentation (anaerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation, aging) sequentially and chained Odorless fermentation management technology according to claim 1   The production technique of the inoculum base material (bacteria bed) according to claim 1 is obtained by applying the fermentation decomposition promoting liquid (PH 4.0 or less) according to claim 1 or 2 to easily degradable organic matter (main raw material) such as livestock dung. After spreading, stir and mix to change easily decomposable organic matter (main raw material) to weak acidity, and add hard-to-decompose organic matter (auxiliary raw material) such as rice husk, stir, deposit, and leave to weaken. To create a favorable acidic fermentation environment and significantly suppress the generation of malodors, and to continuously generate and continue favorable anaerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation (primary fermentation), and ripening (secondary fermentation) in a sequential manner. At the same time, the bacterial cell group that specifically and selectively fermentatively decomposes biomass (organic matter) is proliferated, retained, and stored at a high density. Floor) manufacturing technology   Claims 1 and 4 are prepared by depositing and stirring the fermentation decomposition accelerating solution according to claims 1 and 2 on the biomass (organic matter) to create a weakly acidic preferable fermentation environment, and depositing the biomass (organic matter). It is made to cover with the inoculum base material (bacteria bed), leave it to stand, and let it anaerobically ferment while suppressing the generation of malodor. After the end of anaerobic fermentation, the biomass (organic matter) and the inoculum base material (bacteria bed) are agitated and mixed, sufficiently aerated, and then deposited and allowed to stand to develop and promote a favorable aerobic fermentation. Next, this operation is repeated until the biomass (organic matter) decomposition process is completed. Thus, the biomass (organic matter) odorless fermentation decomposition technology according to claim 1, wherein the biomass (organic matter) is fermentatively decomposed in a very short period of time while significantly suppressing the generation of malodors.

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