JP2014502348A - 原子力発電所の廃止措置に由来する廃棄物のコンディショニングのための方法 - Google Patents
原子力発電所の廃止措置に由来する廃棄物のコンディショニングのための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYLUREA Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000032484 Accidental exposure to product Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101000993059 Homo sapiens Hereditary hemochromatosis protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KRILWIQWBHDGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;iron(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KRILWIQWBHDGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012864 cross contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JVLRYPRBKSMEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxystibanyl acetate Chemical compound [Sb+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JVLRYPRBKSMEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009206 nuclear medicine Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/08—Processing by evaporation; by distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof
- G21F9/002—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes
- G21F9/004—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes of metallic surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
−リン酸を使用することによる原子力発電所の汚染された金属表面を溶解して、pHが1.5より下である溶液を得ること;
−9に相当する又は9より大きいFe3+/Fe2+比を得るために、Fe2+からFe3+へ溶液中の鉄イオンを酸化すること;
−結果として得られる溶液のpHを1.5より高く、かつ、10より低い値に上げて、溶液中に存在する金属イオン及び鉄のリン酸塩類の沈殿を生じせしめること;
−液相から沈殿塩類を分離すること;及び
−沈殿した固体混合物のガラス化物を熱処理すること。
−適当なセパレーターによって2つの半セルに分離された電気化学的セルを提供すること;
−処理すべき溶液は第1の半セルへ導入され、該方法の工程中にカソードの電位の状態に至り;第1の電極(カソード)は該溶液に挿入される;
−処理すべき溶液のものと類似しているが、沈殿すべき金属イオンを含まない組成の溶液が第2の半セルへ導入され、該方法の工程中にアノードの電位の状態に至り;例えば、処理すべき溶液のものと類似する濃度のリン酸の溶液は、この目的にとって適当である;第2の電極(アノード)は当該溶液へ導入される;
−電極は次いでこれらの作用電位の状態に至り、水の電気分解を引き起こす;
−還元反応は第1の半セルの中で起こる:
2H2O+2e−→H2↑+2OH−
(2つの水分子を2つのH+イオン及び2つのOH−イオンへ解離した後);この反応では、H+イオンは消費され、及びOH−イオンが形成され、処理すべき溶液を含む半セルにおいてpHが上昇する;
−並行して、第2の半セルでは(水の解離の後再び)、酸化反応が起こる:
2H2O→O2↑+4H++4e−
これはピクリングに再利用する前に、回収された液体を補給するために、最適な濃度かつゼロコストで、リン酸を調製するために利用され得る。
2 アノード半セル
3 カソード
4 アノード
R カソード半セルの半径
r アノード半セルの半径
h 半セルの高さ
Claims (13)
- 以下の段階を含む、原子力発電所の廃止措置に由来する廃棄物のコンディショニングのための方法:
−リン酸を使用することによって原子力発電所の汚染された金属表面を溶解し、1.5より低いpH値を有する溶液を得ること;
−9に相当する又は9より高いFe3+/Fe2+比を得るために、該溶液中の鉄イオンをFe2+からFe3+へ酸化すること;
−このようにして得られた溶液のpHを1.5より高く、かつ、10より低い値に上げて、該溶液中に存在する金属イオン及び鉄のリン酸塩類の沈殿を生じせしめること;
−液相から沈殿した塩類を分離すること;及び
−沈殿した固体の混合物のガラス化物を熱処理すること。 - 前記方法の段階の後段に前記液相を回収かつ再利用することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 汚染された金属表面を溶解する段階において、金属及びリン酸の総重量に対して5〜12重量%からなる量で金属が添加される、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記溶解段階の後、前記溶液の化学組成の元素分析が実施され、かつ、モル比Fe/Pが33/66〜45/55からなる範囲の外側にあることが確認される場合、極めて低量で存在する成分が前記範囲内の前記比率の値になるようにするために該溶液に加えられる、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化段階において、Fe3+/Fe2+比が24に相当する、又は24より高い値になるようにする、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化段階が該溶液中への過酸化水素若しくは過マンガン酸塩イオンの添加によって、又は酸素のバブリングによって実施される、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記pHを上げる段階において、前記pHは1.7〜2.5からなる値になるようにする、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記pHの上昇が、固体状態にある塩基性化合物の該溶液への添加によって得られる、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記塩基性化合物はCa(OH)2である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記pHの上昇が、電気化学的反応によって得られる、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 以下の段階を含む、請求項10に記載の方法:
−適当な分離要素によって2つの半セルに分割された電気化学的セルを提供すること;
−第1の半セル中へ、処理すべき溶液及び第1の電極を導入すること;
−第2の半セル中へ、処理すべき溶液の組成と類似する組成を有するが、沈殿すべき金属イオンを含まない溶液及び第2の電極を導入すること;
−第1の電極をカソード電位の状態にし、かつ、第2の電極をアノード電位の状態にし、以下の反応を第1及び第2の半セルにおいてそれぞれ生じせしめること:
2H2O+2e−→H2↑+2OH−
及び
2H2O→O2↑+4H++4e−
OH−イオンの産生及び結果として生じる、処理すべき溶液を含む第1の半セルにおけるpHの上昇を有する。 - 第2の半セルの反応において産生されるH+イオンが金属リン酸塩類の沈殿で消費されるリン酸を産生するために使用される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理が800℃〜1300℃からなる温度で実施される、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI2010A002105 | 2010-11-12 | ||
ITMI2010A002105A IT1402751B1 (it) | 2010-11-12 | 2010-11-12 | Metodo per il condizionamento di scorie derivate da smaltimento di impianti nucleari |
PCT/EP2011/069930 WO2012062903A1 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2011-11-11 | Method for the conditioning of waste coming from decommissioning of nuclear plants |
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JP2014502348A true JP2014502348A (ja) | 2014-01-30 |
JP5927198B2 JP5927198B2 (ja) | 2016-06-01 |
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JP2020530897A (ja) * | 2018-05-11 | 2020-10-29 | ジョイント ストック カンパニー“ロスエネルゴアトム” | 金属放射性廃棄物の電気化学的除染のためのプラント |
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CN106848472B (zh) * | 2017-04-18 | 2021-06-04 | 中科过程(北京)科技有限公司 | 一种废旧磷酸铁锂电池中回收锂的方法 |
IL253015B2 (en) | 2017-06-18 | 2023-07-01 | Israel Aerospace Ind Ltd | System and method for refueling aerial vehicles |
IL253407B (en) | 2017-07-10 | 2020-08-31 | Israel Aerospace Ind Ltd | refueling station |
IT201700079722A1 (it) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-14 | Ecir Eco Iniziativa E Realizzazioni S R L | Metodo per la rimozione di isotopi radioattivi da acqua |
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- 2011-11-11 EP EP11791481.2A patent/EP2638546B1/en active Active
- 2011-11-11 WO PCT/EP2011/069930 patent/WO2012062903A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-11-11 CN CN201180054428.9A patent/CN103229247B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-11 US US13/884,338 patent/US8822750B2/en active Active
- 2011-11-11 JP JP2013538207A patent/JP5927198B2/ja active Active
- 2011-11-11 ES ES11791481.2T patent/ES2532541T3/es active Active
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JP5927198B2 (ja) | 2016-06-01 |
WO2012062903A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 |
EP2638546B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
RU2577329C2 (ru) | 2016-03-20 |
ES2532541T3 (es) | 2015-03-27 |
ITMI20102105A1 (it) | 2012-05-13 |
RU2013126880A (ru) | 2014-12-20 |
CN103229247A (zh) | 2013-07-31 |
IT1402751B1 (it) | 2013-09-18 |
US8822750B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 |
EP2638546A1 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
SI2638546T1 (sl) | 2015-04-30 |
CN103229247B (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
US20130225899A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
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