JP2014224862A - トナーの製造方法 - Google Patents
トナーの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014224862A JP2014224862A JP2013103358A JP2013103358A JP2014224862A JP 2014224862 A JP2014224862 A JP 2014224862A JP 2013103358 A JP2013103358 A JP 2013103358A JP 2013103358 A JP2013103358 A JP 2013103358A JP 2014224862 A JP2014224862 A JP 2014224862A
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- polyester
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Abstract
Description
窒素導入管、脱水管、攪拌器及び熱電対を装備した反応容器に、ビスフェノールAのエチレンオキサイドサイド2モル付加物229部、ビスフェノールAのプロピレンオキサイド3モル付加物529部、イソフタル酸100部、テレフタル酸108部、アジピン酸46部及びジブチルスズオキサイド2部を入れた後、230℃で10時間反応させた。次に、10〜15mmHgの減圧下で5時間反応させた後、無水トリメリット酸30部を加え、180℃で3時間反応させ、ポリエステル1を得た。ポリエステル1は、数平均分子量が1800、重量平均分子量が5500、ガラス転移点が50℃、酸価が20mgKOH/gであった。
冷却管、撹拌機および窒素導入管を装備した反応容器に、ビスフェノールAのエチレンオキサイド2モル付加物682部、ビスフェノールAのプロピレンオキサイド2モル付加物81部、テレフタル酸283部、無水トリメリット酸22部及びジブチルスズオキサイド2部を入れた後、230℃で8時間反応させた。次に、10〜15mmHgの減圧下で5時間反応させ、水酸基を有するポリエステルを得た。水酸基を有するポリエステルは、数平均分子量が2100、重量平均分子量が9500、ガラス転移点が55℃、酸価が0.5mgKOH/g、水酸基価が51mgKOH/gであった。
撹拌棒及び温度計を装備した反応容器に、イソホロンジアミン170部及びメチルエチルケトン75部を入れた後、50℃で5時間反応させ、ケチミン1を得た。ケチミン1は、アミン価が418mgKOH/gであった。
水1200部、DBP吸油量が42mL/100mg、pHが9.5のカーボンブラックPrintex35(デクサ社製)540部及び1200部のポリエステル1を、ヘンシェルミキサー(三井鉱山社製)を用いて混合した後、2本ロールを用いて、150℃で30分間混練した。次に、圧延冷却した後、パルペライザーを用いて粉砕し、マスターバッチ1を得た。
撹拌棒及び温度計を装備した容器に、378部のポリエステル1、マイクロクリスタリンワックスHi−mic−1090(日本精鑞社製)110部及びサリチル酸の金属錯体E−84(オリエント化学工業社製)22部及び酢酸エチル947部を入れた後、80℃まで昇温した。次に、80℃で5時間保持した後、1時間で30℃まで冷却した。さらに、500部のマスターバッチ1及び酢酸エチル500部を加えた後、1時間混合し、原料混合液を得た。
撹拌棒及び温度計を装備した反応容器に、水683部、メタクリル酸のエチレンオキサイド付加物の硫酸エステルのナトリウム塩エレミノールRS−30(三洋化成工業社製)11部、スチレン138部、メタクリル酸138部及び過硫酸アンモニウム1部を入れた後、400rpmで15分間撹拌した。次に、75℃まで昇温した後、75℃で5時間反応させた。さらに、1質量%過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液30部を加えた後、75℃で5時間熟成して、ビニル系樹脂の分散液1を得た。レーザ回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置LA−920(HORIBA社製)を用いて、ビニル系樹脂の分散液1の体積平均粒径を測定したところ、0.14μmであった。
水964部、83部のビニル系樹脂の分散液1、50質量%ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液(東京化成工業社製)10部、酢酸エチル90部及び硫酸ナトリウム26部を混合し、水系媒体1を得た。
50質量%ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液の添加量を17部に変更した以外は、水系媒体1と同様にして、水系媒体2を得た。
50質量%ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液の添加量を74部に変更した以外は、水系媒体1と同様にして、水系媒体3を得た。
50質量%ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液の添加量を111部に変更した以外は、水系媒体1と同様にして、水系媒体4を得た。
水990部、83部のビニル系樹脂の分散液1、50質量%ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液(東京化成工業社製)248部及び酢酸エチル90部を混合し、水系媒体5を得た。
水964部、83部のビニル系樹脂の分散液1、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルDKS NL−250(第一工業製薬社製)17部、酢酸エチル90部及び硫酸ナトリウム26部を混合し、水系媒体6を得た。
2質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の代わりに、2質量%水酸化カリウム水溶液を用いた以外は、分散スラリー1と同様にして、分散スラリー7を得た。
冷却管、攪拌機及び窒素導入管を装備した反応容器に、ビスフェノールAのエチレンオキサイド2モル付加物229部、ビスフェノールAのプロピオンオキサイド3モル付加物529部、テレフタル酸208部、アジピン酸46部及びジブチルスズオキサイド2部を入れた後、230℃で8時間反応させた。次に、10〜15mmHgの減圧下で5時間反応させた後、無水トリメリット酸44部を加え、180℃で6時間反応させて、ポリエステル2を得た。ポリエステル2は、数平均分子量が5500、重量平均分子量が36200、ガラス転移点が57℃、酸価が23mgKOH/gであった。
容器に、100部のポリエステル2及び酢酸エチル100部を入れた後、混合し、50質量%のポリエステル2の酢酸エチル溶液を得た。
ステンレスビーカーに、180部のポリエステル1及び脱イオン水585部を入れた後、95℃まで昇温した。次に、ポリエステル1が溶融して透明になった時点で、T.K.ロボミックス(プライミクス社製)を用いて、10000rpmで攪拌した後、1質量%アンモニア水溶液を加え、pHを7.0に調整した。さらに、アニオン性界面活性剤ネオゲンR−K(第一工業製薬社製)0.8部及びノニオン性界面活性剤エマルゲン950(第一工業製薬社製)0.2部を水で希釈した溶液20部を滴下しながら、乳化分散させ、体積平均粒径が0.22μm、固形分が11.9質量%のポリエステル分散液1を得た。
2質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えなかった以外は、分散スラリー1と同様にして、分散スラリー10を得た。
50質量%ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液の添加量を9部に変更した以外は、水系媒体1と同様にして、水系媒体11を得た。
50質量%ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液の添加量を260部に変更した以外は、水系媒体1と同様にして、水系媒体12を得た。
撹拌機及び温度計を装備した容器に、乳化スラリー1を入れた後、30℃で8時間脱溶剤した。次に、45℃で4時間熟成し、分散スラリー13を得た。
撹拌機及び温度計を装備した容器に、乳化スラリー1を入れた後、2質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液56部を加えて1時間攪拌した。次に、30℃で8時間脱溶剤した後、45℃で4時間熟成した後、分散スラリー14を得た。
撹拌機及び温度計を装備した容器に、乳化スラリー1を入れた後、30℃で酢酸エチルの含有量が5質量%になるまで脱溶剤した。次に、2質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液56部を加えて1時間攪拌した後、30℃で脱溶剤の合計時間が8時間になるまで脱溶剤した。さらに、45℃で4時間熟成し、分散スラリー15を得た。
トナー約0.2gを酢酸エチル20mL中に分散させた後、W−113MK−II型(ヤマト科学社製)を用いて、超音波を30分間印加した。次に、孔径が0.45μmのメンブランフィルターを用いて、上澄み液をろ過した後、酢酸エチルで100倍に希釈し、試料とした。
ACQUITY UPLC Binary Solvent Maneager
Sample Manager
SQ Detector
(トナーの環境安定性)
トナーとシリコーン樹脂を被覆した平均粒径が40μmの銅−亜鉛フェライトキャリアを23℃、55%RHの環境内で30分間放置した後、直径が30mm、幅が30mmのステンレス鋼製の円柱のポットに、キャリア9gとトナー1gを入れ、600rpmで10分間攪拌し、現像剤を得た。次に、ブローオフ装置TB−200(東芝ケミカル社製)を用いて、現像剤の帯電量を測定した。具体的には、635メッシュをセットした測定用ゲージに現像剤1gを入れ、30秒間ブローオフした後、飛散した粉体の電荷量Q[μC]と質量M[g]から、現像剤の帯電量(Q/M)1[μC/g]を求めた。
パウダーテスターPN−T(ホソカワミクロン社製)を用いて、目開きが75μmの篩M1、目開きが45μmの篩M2及び目開きが22μm篩M3を順次上から並べた後、目開きが150μmの篩S1にトナー2gを入れた。篩M1の上で、篩S1に振幅1mmで10秒間振動を印加した後、篩M1、M2及びM3上に残留したトナーの質量WM1、WM2及びWM3を測定した。次に、式
[(WM1+0.6WM2+0.2WM3)/2]×100
から、凝集度[質量%]を算出し、トナーの流動性を評価した。なお、凝集度が5質量%未満である場合を◎、5質量%以上15質量%未満である場合を○、15質量%以上25質量%未満である場合を△、25質量%以上である場合を×として、判定した。
トナーを50℃で8時間保管した後、42メッシュの篩で2分間篩い、篩上の残存率を測定し、トナーの耐熱保存性を評価した。なお、篩上の残存率が10%未満である場合を◎、10%以上20%未満である場合を○、20%以上30%未満である場合を△、30%以上である場合を×として、判定した。
トナー5部と、シリコーン樹脂を被覆した平均粒径が40μmの銅−亜鉛フェライトキャリア95部を混合し、現像剤を得た。
Claims (9)
- 界面活性剤を含む水系媒体中で、結着樹脂及び/又は結着樹脂の前駆体を含む組成物を分散させて母体粒子を形成する工程と、
該母体粒子が形成された水系媒体にアルカリを添加する工程を有し、
該組成物に対する該界面活性剤の質量比が0.012以上0.24以下であることを特徴とするトナーの製造方法。 - 前記界面活性剤は、アニオン性界面活性剤を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のトナーの製造方法。
- 前記組成物に対する前記アルカリの質量比が0.1%以上1.5%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のトナーの製造方法。
- 水系媒体は、樹脂粒子をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載のトナーの製造方法。
- 前記水系媒体は、凝集剤をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載のトナーの製造方法。
- 前記水系媒体は、前記凝集剤の含有量が0.2質量%以上5質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のトナーの製造方法。
- 前記凝集剤は、無機酸のアルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩であることを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載のトナーの製造方法。
- 前記組成物を有機溶媒中に溶解又は分散させて第一の液を調製する工程と、
該第一の液を前記水系媒体中に分散させて第二の液を調製する工程と、
該第二の液から該有機溶媒を除去して前記母体粒子を形成する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載のトナーの製造方法。 - 前記結着樹脂の前駆体は、活性水素基と反応することが可能な基を有する重合体及び活性水素基を有する化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載のトナーの製造方法。
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