JP2014024031A - Membrane filtration apparatus - Google Patents
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本発明は、河川水、ダム水、湖沼水、地下水、海水、工業用水、下水、工場排水等の懸濁物質を含む原水から懸濁物質を除去するための膜ろ過装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a membrane filtration apparatus for removing suspended substances from raw water containing suspended substances such as river water, dam water, lake water, ground water, sea water, industrial water, sewage, and factory waste water.
懸濁物質の除去（除濁）を目的としたいわゆる外圧式精密ろ過（ＭＦ）膜装置や限外ろ過（ＵＦ）膜装置等において、通水によって捕捉された懸濁物質の排出は、通常、水逆洗、空気洗浄、フラッシング（原水をろ過せず排出）等を単独または組み合わせた方法で行われている（例えば、特許文献１〜３参照）。 In so-called external pressure microfiltration (MF) membrane devices and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane devices for the purpose of removal (turbidity) of suspended solids, discharge of suspended solids by passing water is usually Water backwashing, air washing, flushing (discharge without rinsing raw water) or the like is performed alone or in combination (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 3).
原水中に含まれる懸濁物質の沈降速度が大きいと、水逆洗、空気洗浄、フラッシング、これらを組み合わせた物理洗浄を行っても、膜を収容した筒状等のモジュール内部の下部に懸濁物質が堆積する場合があった。そのため、沈降速度が大きい懸濁物質を含む原水を直接膜ろ過せず、沈澱池、凝集沈澱池、凝集加圧浮上槽といった前処理装置を膜ろ過の前段に設ける必要があった。 If the sedimentation rate of the suspended solids contained in the raw water is high, it will be suspended in the lower part of the inside of the module that contains the membrane, even if water backwashing, air washing, flushing, or physical washing combining these is performed. In some cases, material was deposited. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a pretreatment apparatus such as a sedimentation basin, a flocculation sedimentation basin, and a flocculation pressure levitation tank in front of the membrane filtration without directly membrane filtering raw water containing suspended solids having a high sedimentation rate.
また、普段は沈降速度が大きい懸濁物質を含まない原水でも、台風時等の大雨によって、沈降速度が大きい懸濁物質が突然混入してくることがある。その場合、物理洗浄を行っても懸濁物質がモジュール内部の下部に堆積して、補正フラックスの低下または補正膜間差圧の上昇等が生じることがある。場合によっては、所定の供給水圧力で所定の透過水量を得られなくなってしまうことがある。 Even in raw water that does not normally contain suspended solids with a high sedimentation rate, suspended solids with a high sedimentation rate may suddenly enter due to heavy rain during typhoons. In that case, even if physical cleaning is performed, suspended substances may accumulate in the lower part of the module, resulting in a decrease in the correction flux or an increase in the correction inter-membrane differential pressure. In some cases, a predetermined amount of permeated water cannot be obtained with a predetermined supply water pressure.
モジュール内部の下部に懸濁物質が堆積することへの対策として、モジュール内部の下部の膜の接着部に設けられた吹き出し口からの空気または水等による洗浄が行われている（非特許文献１参照）。しかし、この方法では、洗浄空気や水等は吹き出し口から略鉛直方向（モジュールの長軸方向）に上昇するため、吹き出し口の直近に堆積した懸濁物質しか排出できない。 As a countermeasure against the accumulation of suspended substances in the lower part inside the module, cleaning with air or water from a blow-out port provided in the adhesive part of the lower film inside the module is performed (Non-patent Document 1) reference). However, in this method, since cleaning air, water, and the like rise from the outlet in a substantially vertical direction (long-axis direction of the module), only suspended substances deposited in the immediate vicinity of the outlet can be discharged.
長繊維束を用いたろ過装置においては、モジュール下端に水または空気を水平方向（モジュールの周方向）に吹き出す洗浄用ノズルを備えることが提案されている（特許文献４参照）。この方法は、懸濁物質の排出に有効と思われるが、目板をフランジで挟むことによって実現しており、これを密閉されたモジュール内の接着部に取り付けることは容易ではない。 In a filtration apparatus using long fiber bundles, it has been proposed to provide a cleaning nozzle that blows water or air in the horizontal direction (the circumferential direction of the module) at the lower end of the module (see Patent Document 4). Although this method seems to be effective for discharging suspended substances, it is realized by sandwiching the eye plate with a flange, and it is not easy to attach it to the adhesive portion in the sealed module.
また、中空糸膜を上端のみ接着して、下端を自由な状態とする方法もある（非特許文献２参照）が、中空糸膜が自重で引っ張られるため、膜の材質や太さに制約がある。 In addition, there is a method in which only the upper end of the hollow fiber membrane is bonded and the lower end is in a free state (see Non-Patent Document 2). However, since the hollow fiber membrane is pulled by its own weight, there are restrictions on the material and thickness of the membrane. is there.
さらに、モジュールタイプ以外であれば、様々な方法が採用されている（例えば、特許文献５，６参照）が、密閉されたモジュールに転用することは容易ではない。 Furthermore, if it is other than a module type, various methods are employ | adopted (for example, refer patent document 5, 6), However, It is not easy to divert to a sealed module.
本発明の目的は、ろ過筒内の一端部および他端部に両端を接着部で固定された中空糸または管状のろ過膜を備える膜ろ過装置において、高濁度の原水を通水してもろ過筒内の下部に懸濁物質が堆積することを抑制し、安定運転が可能となる膜ろ過装置を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a membrane filtration apparatus including a hollow fiber or tubular filtration membrane having both ends fixed to one end portion and the other end portion in a filtration cylinder by an adhesive portion, even if raw water with high turbidity is passed. An object of the present invention is to provide a membrane filtration device capable of suppressing the accumulation of suspended substances in the lower part of a filtration cylinder and enabling stable operation.
本発明は、ろ過筒と、接着部により両端を前記ろ過筒の内部の一端部および他端部に固定された中空糸または管状のろ過膜と、前記ろ過筒を設置面に対して略垂直に設置した場合に下端となる側の接着部の上面に流体を略水平方向に吹き出す洗浄用ノズルと、を備える膜ろ過装置である。 The present invention includes a filtration tube, a hollow fiber or tubular filtration membrane having both ends fixed to one end and the other end of the filtration tube by an adhesive portion, and the filtration tube substantially perpendicular to an installation surface. A membrane filtration device comprising: a cleaning nozzle that blows fluid in a substantially horizontal direction on the upper surface of an adhesive portion on the lower end side when installed.
また、前記膜ろ過装置において、前記洗浄用ノズルの噴出孔における噴出流体流束が、０．８２ｍ／ｄより大きく３．７５ｍ／ｄ未満の範囲であることが好ましい。 In the membrane filtration device, it is preferable that the ejection fluid flux in the ejection hole of the cleaning nozzle is in the range of greater than 0.82 m / d and less than 3.75 m / d.
本発明では、ろ過筒内の一端部および他端部に両端を接着部で固定された中空糸または管状のろ過膜を備える膜ろ過装置において、ろ過筒を設置面に対して略垂直に設置した場合に下端となる側の接着部の上面に流体を略水平方向に吹き出す洗浄用ノズルを備えることにより、高濁度の原水を通水してもろ過筒内の下部に懸濁物質が堆積することを抑制し、安定運転が可能となる。 In the present invention, in a membrane filtration apparatus provided with a hollow fiber or tubular filtration membrane whose both ends are fixed to the one end and the other end in the filtration tube by an adhesive portion, the filtration tube is installed substantially perpendicular to the installation surface. In some cases, suspended substances are deposited in the lower part of the filtration cylinder even when high turbidity raw water is passed through by providing a cleaning nozzle that blows out fluid in a substantially horizontal direction on the upper surface of the adhesive portion on the lower end side. This can be suppressed and stable operation becomes possible.
本発明の実施の形態について以下説明する。本実施形態は本発明を実施する一例であって、本発明は本実施形態に限定されるものではない。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. This embodiment is an example for carrying out the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
本発明の実施形態に係る膜ろ過システムの一例の概略を図１に示し、その構成について説明する。膜ろ過システム１は、原水槽１０と、膜ろ過装置１２と、処理水槽１４とを備える。 An outline of an example of a membrane filtration system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 and the configuration thereof will be described. The membrane filtration system 1 includes a raw water tank 10, a membrane filtration device 12, and a treated water tank 14.
図１の膜ろ過システム１において、原水槽１０の出口はポンプ１６、バルブ２６，２８を介して原水配管４４により膜ろ過装置１２の下端部の入口に接続されている。膜ろ過装置１２の上端部の出口はバルブ３０を介して処理水配管４６により処理水槽１４に接続されている。処理水槽１４の下部はポンプ１８、バルブ３２，３４を介して逆洗水配管４８により処理水配管４６のバルブ３０の上流側に接続されている。膜ろ過装置１２の下部側方にはバルブ３６を介して逆洗排水配管５０の一端が、上部側方にはバルブ３８を介して逆洗排水配管５２の一端が接続され、逆洗排水配管５０の他端は逆洗排水配管５２のバルブ３８の下流側に接続されている。原水配管４４のバルブ２８の上流側には、バルブ４０，４２を介して空気配管５４によりコンプレッサ５６の送気側が接続されている。原水配管４４のバルブ２６とバルブ２８との間、逆洗水配管４８のバルブ３２とバルブ３４との間、空気配管５４のバルブ４０とバルブ４２との間には、流量計２０，２２，２４がそれぞれ設置されている。 In the membrane filtration system 1 of FIG. 1, the outlet of the raw water tank 10 is connected to the inlet of the lower end portion of the membrane filtration device 12 by a raw water pipe 44 through a pump 16 and valves 26 and 28. The outlet of the upper end portion of the membrane filtration device 12 is connected to the treated water tank 14 by the treated water piping 46 through the valve 30. The lower part of the treated water tank 14 is connected to the upstream side of the valve 30 of the treated water pipe 46 by the backwash water pipe 48 through the pump 18 and valves 32 and 34. One end of a backwash drainage pipe 50 is connected to the lower side of the membrane filtration device 12 via a valve 36, and one end of a backwash drainage pipe 52 is connected to the upper side via a valve 38. The other end is connected to the downstream side of the valve 38 of the backwash drain pipe 52. The air supply side of the compressor 56 is connected to the upstream side of the valve 28 of the raw water pipe 44 by an air pipe 54 via valves 40 and 42. Between the valve 26 and the valve 28 of the raw water pipe 44, between the valve 32 and the valve 34 of the backwash water pipe 48, and between the valve 40 and the valve 42 of the air pipe 54, the flow meters 20, 22, 24 are provided. Are installed.
膜ろ過装置１２の一例の概略構成を図２に示す。また、膜ろ過装置１２のろ過筒５８の下端部の拡大図を図３に示す。図２に示すように、膜ろ過装置１２は、ろ過筒５８と、接着部６０，６２により両端をろ過筒５８の内部の一端部および他端部にそれぞれ固定された中空糸または管状のろ過膜６４と、ろ過筒５８を設置面に対して略垂直に設置した場合に下端となる側の接着部６２の上面に流体を略水平方向に吹き出す洗浄用ノズル６６とを備える。ろ過膜６４の両端は、接着剤等によりろ過筒５８の内部の一端部および他端部にそれぞれ固定されている。 A schematic configuration of an example of the membrane filtration device 12 is shown in FIG. Moreover, the enlarged view of the lower end part of the filtration cylinder 58 of the membrane filtration apparatus 12 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the membrane filtration device 12 is a hollow fiber or tubular filtration membrane in which both ends are fixed to one end and the other end of the filtration cylinder 58 by a filtration cylinder 58 and adhesive portions 60 and 62, respectively. 64 and a cleaning nozzle 66 that blows out fluid in a substantially horizontal direction on the upper surface of the adhesive portion 62 on the lower end side when the filtration cylinder 58 is installed substantially perpendicular to the installation surface. Both ends of the filtration membrane 64 are fixed to one end and the other end inside the filtration cylinder 58 by an adhesive or the like.
図３にも示すように膜ろ過装置１２のろ過筒５８内の下端部の接着部６２には、原水や洗浄空気等が通過する複数の開孔部６８が設けられている。接着部６２に設けられた複数の開孔部６８のうち少なくとも１つには、洗浄用ノズル６６が挿入されている。洗浄用ノズル６６は、接着部６２の上面（上端部）からろ過筒５８の内部方向に向けて所定の長さ分（例えば、１ｃｍ程度）突出し、突出した部分の側面には少なくとも１つの噴出孔７２を有する。 As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of apertures 68 through which raw water, cleaning air, and the like pass are provided in the adhesive portion 62 at the lower end in the filtration cylinder 58 of the membrane filtration device 12. A cleaning nozzle 66 is inserted into at least one of the plurality of opening portions 68 provided in the bonding portion 62. The cleaning nozzle 66 protrudes by a predetermined length (for example, about 1 cm) from the upper surface (upper end) of the bonding portion 62 toward the inside of the filtration cylinder 58, and at least one ejection hole is formed on the side of the protruding portion. 72.
また、図２に示すように、膜ろ過装置１２のろ過筒５８内の上端部の接着部６０には、処理水や洗浄水等が通過する複数の開孔部７０が設けられている。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of apertures 70 through which treated water, washing water, and the like pass are provided in the adhesive portion 60 at the upper end in the filtration cylinder 58 of the membrane filtration device 12.
本実施形態に係る膜ろ過方法および膜ろ過システム１の動作について図１，２を参照して説明する。 The operation of the membrane filtration method and the membrane filtration system 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
（１）通水時
膜ろ過装置１２のろ過膜６４へ原水を通水することにより原水中の懸濁物質が除去される（ろ過工程）。具体的には、バルブ２６，２８，３０が開状態、バルブ３２，３４，３６，３８，４０，４２が閉状態とされ、原水槽１０に貯留された原水が、ポンプ１６を介して原水配管４４を通して膜ろ過装置１２の下部からろ過筒５８内に開孔部６８より導入され、中空糸または管状のろ過膜６４により、原水中の懸濁物質が除去され、ろ過筒５８の上端部７０より処理水配管４６を通して処理水が排出され、処理水槽１４に貯留される。
(1) During water flow Suspended substances in the raw water are removed by passing the raw water through the filtration membrane 64 of the membrane filtration device 12 (filtration step). Specifically, the valves 26, 28, 30 are opened, the valves 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 are closed, and the raw water stored in the raw water tank 10 is supplied to the raw water piping via the pump 16. 44 is introduced from the lower portion of the membrane filtration device 12 into the filter cylinder 58 through the opening 68 and the suspended matter in the raw water is removed by the hollow fiber or tubular filter membrane 64, and from the upper end 70 of the filter cylinder 58. The treated water is discharged through the treated water pipe 46 and stored in the treated water tank 14.
（２）洗浄時
原水の通水によりろ過膜６４に捕捉された懸濁物質を取り除くため、膜ろ過装置１２のろ過膜６４の洗浄が行われる（洗浄工程）。具体的には、バルブ２６，２８，３０，３８，４０，４２が閉状態、バルブ３２，３４，３６が開状態とされ、処理水槽１４内の処理水が洗浄水として逆洗水配管４８を通して膜ろ過装置１２のろ過筒５８の上端部の開孔部７０よりろ過筒５８内に導入され、ろ過膜６４の表面に付着した懸濁物質が除去され、逆洗排水配管５０を通して洗浄排水とともに排出される（水逆洗工程）。また、バルブ２６，２８，３０，３２，３４，３６が閉状態、バルブ３８，４０，４２が開状態とされ、コンプレッサ５６により洗浄空気が空気配管５４を通して膜ろ過装置１２の下部からろ過筒５８内に開孔部６８より導入され、ろ過膜６４の表面に付着した懸濁物質が除去され、逆洗排水配管５２を通して洗浄空気とともに排出される（流体洗浄工程）。水逆洗工程と流体洗浄工程とを同時に行ってもよい。
(2) At the time of washing In order to remove suspended substances trapped on the filtration membrane 64 by passing raw water, the filtration membrane 64 of the membrane filtration device 12 is washed (washing step). Specifically, the valves 26, 28, 30, 38, 40, 42 are closed and the valves 32, 34, 36 are opened, and the treated water in the treated water tank 14 passes through the backwash water pipe 48 as wash water. The suspended matter adhering to the surface of the filtration membrane 64 is removed from the opening 70 at the upper end of the filtration tube 58 of the membrane filtration device 12 and removed from the surface of the filtration membrane 64 and discharged together with the washing waste water through the backwash drainage pipe 50. (Water back washing process). Further, the valves 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 are closed, the valves 38, 40, 42 are opened, and the cleaning air is passed from the lower part of the membrane filtration device 12 through the air pipe 54 by the compressor 56. The suspended substance introduced into the inside through the opening 68 and attached to the surface of the filtration membrane 64 is removed and discharged together with the cleaning air through the backwash drainage pipe 52 (fluid cleaning step). You may perform a water backwash process and a fluid washing process simultaneously.
本実施形態では、両端を接着剤等で固められた中空糸または管状のろ過膜が密閉されたろ過筒５８内に接着部で固定されている膜ろ過装置１２において、ろ過筒５８を設置面に対して略垂直に設置した場合に下端となる側の接着部６２の上面に洗浄空気等の流体を略水平方向に吹き出す洗浄用ノズル６４を備えた。流体洗浄工程において、洗浄用ノズル６４の噴出孔７２から、洗浄空気等の流体が略水平方向に吹き出す。洗浄用ノズル６４から洗浄空気等の流体がろ過筒５８の下部で略水平方向に吹き出すことによって、ろ過筒５８内の下部に堆積した沈降速度の大きい懸濁物質を浮き上がらせる。これにより、高濁度の原水を通水してもろ過筒内の下部に懸濁物質が堆積することを抑制し、安定運転が可能となる。 In the present embodiment, in the membrane filtration device 12 in which a hollow fiber or a tubular filtration membrane solidified at both ends with an adhesive or the like is sealed with an adhesive portion in a sealed filtration tube 58, the filtration tube 58 is placed on the installation surface. On the other hand, a cleaning nozzle 64 for blowing a fluid such as cleaning air in a substantially horizontal direction is provided on the upper surface of the adhesive portion 62 on the lower end side when installed substantially vertically. In the fluid cleaning step, fluid such as cleaning air blows out in a substantially horizontal direction from the ejection holes 72 of the cleaning nozzle 64. When a fluid such as cleaning air blows out from the cleaning nozzle 64 in a substantially horizontal direction at the lower part of the filter cylinder 58, suspended matter having a high sedimentation velocity accumulated in the lower part of the filter cylinder 58 is lifted. As a result, even when highly turbid raw water is passed, the suspended matter is prevented from accumulating in the lower part of the filter cylinder, and stable operation is possible.
膜ろ過装置１２において、洗浄用ノズル６４の噴出孔７２における噴出流体流束が、０．８２ｍ／ｄより大きく３．７５ｍ／ｄ未満の範囲であることが好ましく、０．９ｍ／ｄ以上１．９ｍ／ｄ以下の範囲であることがより好ましい。洗浄用ノズル６４の噴出孔７２における噴出流体流束が０．９０ｍ／ｄ未満であると堆積抑制が十分ではない場合があり、３．５ｍ／ｄを超えると、空気の合一が起こりやすくなり、十分な洗浄効果が得られなくなる場合がある。 In the membrane filtration device 12, the ejection fluid flux in the ejection hole 72 of the cleaning nozzle 64 is preferably in the range of greater than 0.82 m / d and less than 3.75 m / d. A range of 9 m / d or less is more preferable. If the ejection fluid flux in the ejection hole 72 of the cleaning nozzle 64 is less than 0.90 m / d, the accumulation may not be sufficiently suppressed, and if it exceeds 3.5 m / d, air coalescence tends to occur. In some cases, a sufficient cleaning effect cannot be obtained.
ろ過筒５８の形状は、筒状であればよく、特に制限はないが、通常は円筒状である。 The shape of the filtration cylinder 58 is not particularly limited as long as it is cylindrical, but is usually cylindrical.
ろ過膜６４は、中空糸または管状の精密ろ過膜または限外ろ過膜等であり、両端を接着剤等で固められており、ろ過筒５８の内部の一端部および他端部にそれぞれ接着部で固定されている。 The filtration membrane 64 is a hollow fiber or a tubular microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane, and both ends are solidified with an adhesive or the like. It is fixed.
開孔部６８の形状は、原水や洗浄空気等が通過することができる形状であればよく、特に制限はないが、通常は円筒状である。 The shape of the opening 68 is not particularly limited as long as raw water, washing air, or the like can pass through, but is usually cylindrical.
洗浄用ノズル６６の形状は、特に制限はないが、通常は円筒状である。 The shape of the cleaning nozzle 66 is not particularly limited, but is usually cylindrical.
洗浄用ノズル６６の設置数は、特に制限はなく、少なくとも１つである。略鉛直方向に空気を吹き出す従来型の洗浄用ノズルと併用してもよい。 The number of the cleaning nozzles 66 is not particularly limited and is at least one. You may use together with the conventional washing nozzle which blows off air in a substantially vertical direction.
噴出孔７２の形状は、洗浄空気等の流体を略水平方向に吹き出すことができるものであればよく、特に制限はないが、通常は円状である。 The shape of the ejection hole 72 is not particularly limited as long as it can eject a fluid such as cleaning air in a substantially horizontal direction, but is usually circular.
噴出孔７２の数は、特に制限はないが、１つ以上であればよく、堆積抑制効果を高めるために、２つ以上が好ましく、４つ以上がより好ましい。噴出孔７２の数は、洗浄用ノズル６６の設置数にもよるが、噴出孔７２は少なくとも４方向に噴出するように４つ以上設けることが好ましい。洗浄用ノズル６６の周方向に複数の噴出孔７２を設けてもよいし、高さ方向に複数の噴出孔７２を設けてもよい。 Although the number of the ejection holes 72 is not particularly limited, it may be one or more, and is preferably two or more and more preferably four or more in order to enhance the deposition suppressing effect. Although the number of the ejection holes 72 depends on the number of the cleaning nozzles 66, it is preferable to provide four or more ejection holes 72 so that the ejection holes 72 are ejected in at least four directions. A plurality of ejection holes 72 may be provided in the circumferential direction of the cleaning nozzle 66, or a plurality of ejection holes 72 may be provided in the height direction.
噴出孔７２の配置位置は、洗浄空気等の流体を略水平方向に吹き出すことができればよく、特に制限はないが、堆積抑制効果を高めるために、高さ方向で接着部６２の上面から３ｍｍ〜５ｍｍ程度に配置し、周方向でろ過膜６４に洗浄空気等の流体が当たる方向に配置することが好ましい。懸濁物質の堆積程度等に応じて、噴出孔７２の高さ方向、周方向の配置位置が変わるように洗浄用ノズル６６の挿入を調整してもよい。 The arrangement position of the ejection holes 72 is not particularly limited as long as a fluid such as cleaning air can be blown out in a substantially horizontal direction, but is 3 mm to 3 mm from the upper surface of the bonding portion 62 in the height direction in order to enhance the deposition suppressing effect. It is preferable to arrange in about 5 mm and in a direction in which a fluid such as cleaning air hits the filtration membrane 64 in the circumferential direction. The insertion of the cleaning nozzle 66 may be adjusted so that the arrangement position of the ejection holes 72 in the height direction and the circumferential direction changes according to the degree of suspended matter accumulation.
洗浄用ノズル６６は、膜ろ過装置の製造時に取り付けてもよいし、既存の膜ろ過装置の接着部を加工して取り付けてもよい。通常の膜ろ過装置の接着部には開孔部が設けられており、下端部の接着部の開孔部のうち少なくとも１つをそのまま利用して、洗浄用ノズルを取り付けてもよい。これにより、洗浄用ノズルの噴出孔の高さ方向、周方向の配置位置や、洗浄用ノズルの設置数等を容易に調整することができる。 The cleaning nozzle 66 may be attached at the time of manufacturing the membrane filtration device, or may be attached by processing an adhesive portion of an existing membrane filtration device. An opening part is provided in the adhesion part of a normal membrane filtration device, and the cleaning nozzle may be attached using at least one of the opening parts of the adhesion part at the lower end part as it is. Thereby, the height position of the ejection hole of the cleaning nozzle, the arrangement position in the circumferential direction, the number of cleaning nozzles installed, and the like can be easily adjusted.
また、洗浄用ノズル６６の設置面積がろ過筒５８の断面積に対して５％〜１５％程度となるように洗浄用ノズル６６を設置することによって、膜ろ過装置１２の設置面積当たりの膜ろ過面積を大きく損なうことなく、ろ過筒５８内下部に堆積した沈降速度の大きい懸濁物質を排出することができる。 Further, by installing the cleaning nozzle 66 so that the installation area of the cleaning nozzle 66 is about 5% to 15% with respect to the cross-sectional area of the filtration cylinder 58, membrane filtration per installation area of the membrane filtration device 12 is performed. Suspended matter with a high sedimentation speed deposited in the lower part of the filter cylinder 58 can be discharged without greatly impairing the area.
洗浄用ノズル６４の噴出孔７２から吹き出させる流体としては特に制限はないが、通常は、水等の液体または空気等の気体であり、より洗浄効果が高い等の点から空気等の気体が好ましく、空気がより好ましい。水等の流体を吹き出してもよいし、空気等の流体を吹き出してもよいし、水等の流体と空気等の流体とを同時に吹き出してもよい。 The fluid to be blown out from the ejection hole 72 of the cleaning nozzle 64 is not particularly limited, but is usually a liquid such as water or a gas such as air, and is preferably a gas such as air from the viewpoint of higher cleaning effect. Air is more preferred. A fluid such as water may be blown out, a fluid such as air may be blown out, or a fluid such as water and a fluid such as air may be blown out simultaneously.
処理対象となる原水は、懸濁物質を含む水であればよく特に制限はないが、例えば、懸濁物質を含む河川水、ダム水、湖沼水、地下水、海水、工業用水、下水、工場排水等の水である。 The raw water to be treated is not particularly limited as long as it contains suspended solids. For example, river water, dam water, lake water, groundwater, seawater, industrial water, sewage, and industrial wastewater containing suspended solids. And so on.
以下、実施例および比較例を挙げ、本発明をより具体的に詳細に説明するが、本発明は、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are given and this invention is demonstrated in detail more concretely, this invention is not limited to a following example.
（実施例１）
図１に示す膜ろ過システムを用い、以下の条件でろ過処理を行った。用いた膜ろ過装置（モジュール）およびモジュール下部の構造模式を図４に示す。膜ろ過装置は、下端部の接着部に２１個の開孔部を有し、そのうちの５個に円筒状の洗浄用ノズルφ１０ｍｍ×５個を備えている。洗浄用ノズルの噴出孔は、φ２ｍｍの孔を円筒の周方向に等角度間隔で５個配置し、いずれも接着部上面から５ｍｍの位置に噴出孔がくるようにして、流体を略水平方向に吹き出すようにした。なお、本実施例においては空気を吹き出す空気洗浄用ノズルとした。膜間差圧と原水濁度の経時変化を図５に示す。
Example 1
The membrane filtration system shown in FIG. 1 was used for filtration under the following conditions. The membrane filtration apparatus (module) used and the structural schematic of the module lower part are shown in FIG. The membrane filtration device has 21 apertures at the lower end bonding portion, and five of them have cylindrical cleaning nozzles φ10 mm × 5. As for the nozzle holes for cleaning, five φ2mm holes are arranged at equiangular intervals in the circumferential direction of the cylinder, and all of them are located at a position 5mm from the upper surface of the bonded part, so that the fluid flows in a substantially horizontal direction. Blow out. In this embodiment, an air cleaning nozzle that blows out air is used. FIG. 5 shows changes with time in transmembrane pressure difference and raw water turbidity.
［実験条件］
・原水：河川水（台風時）濁度８０〜３２０度、水温２４±２℃
・通水時間：２４時間
・ろ過膜：限外ろ過膜 モジュール内径１００ｍｍ×高さ１，５００ｍｍ×１本、ろ過面積４．０ｍ２、膜材質ポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶＤＦ）
・濾過方式：デッドエンド、フラックス３．０ｍ／ｄ、透過水量１１．８ｍ３／ｄ
初期膜間差圧５０ｋＰａ、最大膜間差圧２００ｋＰａ
洗浄排水量０．４ｍ３／ｄ、処理水量１１．４ｍ３／ｄ
水回収率９６．６％
・物理洗浄：空気洗浄ＬＶ５４０ｍ／ｈ（モジュール断面積に対して）で２０秒
＋水逆洗流束６．０ｍ／ｄ（膜面積に対して）で４０秒
洗浄排水は空気洗浄時にはモジュール上部より排水、水逆洗時はモジュール下部より排水
通水５９分毎に１回実施
[Experimental conditions]
・ Raw water: River water (when typhoon) Turbidity 80-320 degrees, water temperature 24 ± 2 ℃
-Water passage time: 24 hours-Filtration membrane: Ultrafiltration membrane Module inner diameter 100 mm x height 1,500 mm x 1, filtration area 4.0 m 2 , membrane material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
Filtration method: dead end, flux 3.0 m / d, permeated water 11.8 m 3 / d
Initial transmembrane pressure of 50 kPa, maximum transmembrane pressure of 200 kPa
Washing wastewater volume 0.4m 3 / d, treated water volume 11.4m 3 / d
Water recovery rate 96.6%
-Physical cleaning: 20 seconds with air cleaning LV540 m / h (relative to module cross-sectional area)
+ 40 seconds at a water backwash flux of 6.0 m / d (relative to membrane area)
Washing wastewater is drained from the top of the module during air cleaning, drained from the bottom of the module during backwashing
Conducted once every 59 minutes
図５からわかるように、運転時間２４時間後でも、膜間差圧は８０ｋＰａ程度であった。 As can be seen from FIG. 5, the transmembrane pressure difference was about 80 kPa even after 24 hours of operation.
（比較例１）
膜ろ過装置以外は図１に示す膜ろ過システムと同様のシステムを用い、実施例１と同様の条件でろ過処理を行った。用いた膜ろ過装置（モジュール）の構造模式を図６に示す。比較例１の膜ろ過装置は、下端部の接着部に円筒状の洗浄用ノズルφ１０ｍｍ×５個を備えているが実施例１のような空気を略水平方向に吹き出す噴出孔は有しておらず、略鉛直方向に空気を吹き出す構成となっている。洗浄用ノズルの口径が実施例１の洗浄用ノズルと同じであることから、有効膜面積も実施例１と同じとなっている。膜間差圧と原水濁度の経時変化を図７に示す。
(Comparative Example 1)
Except for the membrane filtration device, the same system as the membrane filtration system shown in FIG. 1 was used, and the filtration treatment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. A structural schematic of the membrane filtration device (module) used is shown in FIG. The membrane filtration device of Comparative Example 1 includes cylindrical cleaning nozzles φ10 mm × 5 at the lower end bonding portion, but does not have a blowout hole for blowing out air in a substantially horizontal direction as in Example 1. Instead, the air is blown out in a substantially vertical direction. Since the diameter of the cleaning nozzle is the same as that of the cleaning nozzle of the first embodiment, the effective film area is also the same as that of the first embodiment. FIG. 7 shows changes with time in transmembrane pressure difference and raw water turbidity.
図７からわかるように、運転時間１９時間で、膜間差圧が２００ｋＰａに達して通水不能となった。 As can be seen from FIG. 7, the transmembrane pressure difference reached 200 kPa after the operation time of 19 hours, and water passage became impossible.
このように、実施例１の構成により、両端を接着剤で固められた中空糸または管状の限外ろ過膜が密閉されたろ過筒内に接着部で固定されている膜ろ過装置において、ろ過筒内に懸濁物質がほとんど堆積することがなく、安定運転が可能となった。 As described above, in the membrane filtration apparatus in which the hollow fiber or the tubular ultrafiltration membrane solidified with the adhesive at both ends is fixed by the adhesive portion in the sealed filtration tube according to the configuration of Example 1, the filtration tube The suspended matter hardly accumulates in the inside, and stable operation is possible.
（実施例２）
実施例１と同じ条件で、ノズルの設置個数を変えて、ノズルから噴出する空気流束を変えてろ過処理を行った。ノズル噴出空気流束を０．８２，０．９４，１．２５，１．８８，３．７５ｍ／ｄと変化させたときの膜間差圧の経時変化を図８に示す。
(Example 2)
Under the same conditions as in Example 1, the number of nozzles was changed, and the air flux ejected from the nozzles was changed to perform filtration. FIG. 8 shows changes with time in the transmembrane pressure difference when the nozzle jet air flux is changed to 0.82, 0.94, 1.25, 1.88, and 3.75 m / d.
図８からわかるように、洗浄用ノズルの噴出孔における噴出流体流束は、０．８２ｍ／ｄより大きく３．７５ｍ／ｄ未満の範囲が好ましいことがわかる。 As can be seen from FIG. 8, the ejection fluid flux in the ejection hole of the cleaning nozzle is preferably in the range of greater than 0.82 m / d and less than 3.75 m / d.
１ 膜ろ過システム、１０ 原水槽、１２ 膜ろ過装置、１４ 処理水槽、１６，１８ ポンプ、２０，２２，２４ 流量計、２６，２８，３０，３２，３４，３６，３８，４０，４２ バルブ、４４ 原水配管、４６ 処理水配管、４８ 逆洗水配管、５０，５２ 逆洗排水配管、５４ 空気配管、５６ コンプレッサ、５８ ろ過筒、６０，６２ 接着部、６４ ろ過膜、６６ 洗浄用ノズル、６８，７０ 開孔部、７２ 噴出孔。 1 membrane filtration system, 10 raw water tank, 12 membrane filtration device, 14 treated water tank, 16, 18 pump, 20, 22, 24 flow meter, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 valve, 44 Raw water piping, 46 Treated water piping, 48 Backwash water piping, 50, 52 Backwash drainage piping, 54 Air piping, 56 Compressor, 58 Filtration cylinder, 60, 62 Adhesion, 64 Filtration membrane, 66 Cleaning nozzle, 68 , 70 opening part, 72 ejection hole.
Claims (2)
接着部により両端を前記ろ過筒の内部の一端部および他端部に固定された中空糸または管状のろ過膜と、
前記ろ過筒を設置面に対して略垂直に設置した場合に下端となる側の接着部の上面に流体を略水平方向に吹き出す洗浄用ノズルと、
を備えることを特徴とする膜ろ過装置。 A filter cylinder;
A hollow fiber or tubular filtration membrane fixed at one end and the other end inside the filtration cylinder by the adhesive part;
A cleaning nozzle that blows out fluid in a substantially horizontal direction on the upper surface of the adhesive portion on the side that becomes the lower end when the filtration cylinder is installed substantially perpendicular to the installation surface
A membrane filtration device comprising:
前記洗浄用ノズルの噴出孔における噴出流体流束が、０．８２ｍ／ｄより大きく３．７５ｍ／ｄ未満の範囲であることを特徴とする膜ろ過装置。 The membrane filtration device according to claim 1,
The membrane filtration apparatus, wherein a jetting fluid flux in a jetting hole of the cleaning nozzle is in a range greater than 0.82 m / d and less than 3.75 m / d.
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20160816 |