JP2013245486A - Tsunami evacuation shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tsunami evacuation shelter in which safety can be ensured even when the height of tsunami exceeds an assumed height.SOLUTION: A tsunami evacuation shelter comprises a shelter body in which evacuees can be accommodated and which can float on the water, and the shelter body is provided on a frame which is constructed on the ground, is held at a fixed height from the ground and, when the water level of tsunami exceeds the fixed height, rises in accordance with the water level. It is preferable that the frame includes a vibration control mechanism.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tsunami evacuation shelter, and more particularly to a highly safe tsunami evacuation shelter that can handle both high and low tsunamis.

Japan is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world, and many lives have been lost due to the earthquake.
Many of the victims of an earthquake lose their lives due to the earthquake itself, such as the collapse of a building. Many lives were lost.

Conventionally, in Japan, when a tsunami occurs, it is common to evacuate to an evacuation facility such as a school or a public hall on a hill designated in advance by the local government.
However, because the tsunami travels very fast, if the evacuation facility is far away from the coast, residents near the coast will not be able to evacuate in time, and they will be trapped in the tsunami during the evacuation and save their lives.

In view of such a situation, a facility for tsunami evacuation installed near the coast is proposed in Patent Document 1 below.
The technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a base portion configured in a pier shape by driving a metal pillar material into the ground, and an indoor portion of a high floor configured by a metal panel on the pier base portion. This is a high-floor metal building, which is certainly excellent in that it enables quick evacuation of residents near the coast in the event of a tsunami.

However, since the height of the indoor part of the building of this disclosed technology is fixed, if a tsunami higher than expected is generated and the height of the tsunami exceeds the height of the indoor part, evacuation will occur. There was a big problem that a great deal of damage was caused to the residents.
To solve this problem, it is possible to set the height of the indoor part as high as possible, but if the evacuation site becomes too high, it will take time to evacuate. It becomes difficult and the risk of being caught in a tsunami during evacuation increases. In particular, for elderly people, women, children, etc., those with weak legs and legs, it is difficult to climb the indoor part at a high position on the stairs, and there is a risk of being caught in a tsunami during evacuation.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-184323

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and provides a tsunami evacuation shelter that can ensure safety even when the height of a tsunami exceeds an assumed height. It is to provide.

  The invention according to claim 1 includes a shelter body that can accommodate evacuees and can float on water, and the shelter body is provided on a frame constructed on the ground and has a certain height from the ground. The present invention relates to a tsunami evacuation shelter that is held and rises according to the water level when the water level of the tsunami exceeds the certain height.

  The invention according to claim 2 relates to the tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 1, wherein the frame includes a vibration damping mechanism.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the frame includes a column that is erected on the ground, a beam that connects the columns in a horizontal direction, and a brace material that connects the column and the beam in an oblique direction. 3. The tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 2, wherein the breath material is a vibration damper.

  The invention according to claim 4 is provided with a collision prevention member that is erected on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or a part of the periphery of the shelter body and prevents the drifting object from colliding with the shelter body. The tsunami evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

  The invention according to claim 5 relates to the tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 4, wherein the height of the collision preventing member changes according to the water level.

  The invention according to claim 6 relates to the tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the collision preventing member is composed of a plurality of piles driven into the ground at intervals.

  The invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that the plurality of piles are arranged side by side in a substantially arc shape in plan view with the position of the shelter body or the vicinity thereof as the center. Regarding tsunami shelters.

  The invention according to claim 8 is configured such that the shelter body is configured to detachably combine a plurality of shelter units having an internal space capable of accommodating evacuees, and each shelter unit has an inlet. A tsunami evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

  The invention according to claim 9 is characterized in that the shelter main body can float along a support pillar driven away from the frame when the water level of the tsunami exceeds the fixed height. It is related with the shelter for tsunami evacuation in any one of 1 thru | or 8.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the shelter body is connected to the frame by a string-like member, and is separated from the frame by a length of the string-like member when a water level of a tsunami exceeds the certain height. The tsunami evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the shelter can float only.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shelter body that can accommodate evacuees and can float on water, and the shelter body is provided on a frame constructed on the ground and has a certain height from the ground. The tsunami water level rises according to the water level when it exceeds the certain height, so that the shelter body can be held higher than the water level on the frame when the tsunami water level is within the assumption, When the water level exceeds the expected level, the shelter body can be lifted according to the water level of the tsunami, so that safety can be reliably ensured regardless of the water level of the tsunami.

  According to the invention according to claim 2, since the frame includes a vibration control mechanism, when a tsunami impact force or seismic force is applied to the frame, the force can be reduced. It is possible to reduce the shaking of the device, and the safety is further improved.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 3, the said frame is the support | pillar standingly installed on the ground, the beam which connects between the said support | pillars in a horizontal direction, and the brace material which connects the said support | pillar and the said beam diagonally. Since the brace material is composed of a vibration damping damper, it is possible to exhibit a high vibration damping effect with a simple structure.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 4, it is erected on the ground so that the perimeter of a periphery of a shelter main body or a part may be enclosed, and since the collision prevention member which prevents the collision of the drifting object to the said shelter main body is provided. The drifting object such as a ship that has been swept away by the tsunami is prevented from colliding with the shelter body. Further, since the wave force can be weakened by the collision preventing member, the wave force acting on the shelter body can be reduced.

  According to the invention of claim 5, since the height of the collision preventing member changes according to the water level, even when the water level of the tsunami becomes high, the drifting object gets over the collision preventing member and collides with the shelter body. It is possible to ensure high safety.

  According to the invention according to claim 6, since the collision preventing member is composed of a plurality of piles driven into the ground with a space between each other, the water flow is allowed to pass through between the piles and receive only the drifting matter. it can. Therefore, a large load due to water pressure is not applied to the collision preventing member. Moreover, since the anti-collision member is a pile that is driven into and fixed to the ground, it is possible to exert a high resistance to the collision of drifting objects.

  According to the invention of claim 7, the plurality of piles are arranged side by side in a substantially arc shape in plan view with the position of the shelter body or the vicinity thereof as the center. It is possible to move along the arc and escape, and the force applied when the drifting object collides with the pile can be reduced.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 8, since the shelter main body is comprised combining several shelter units which have the internal space which can accommodate an evacuee so that separation is possible, according to the population etc. of the area to install The number of shelter units can be easily adjusted by changing the number of shelter units to be combined. Since each shelter unit has an entrance, each shelter unit can function as a shelter body, and the shelter unit can be used alone.

  According to the ninth aspect of the invention, the shelter body can float along the struts driven away from the frame and driven into the ground when the water level of the tsunami exceeds the certain height. Can be prevented, and the shelter body can be raised to the water surface smoothly.

  According to the invention of claim 10, the shelter body is connected to the frame by the string-like member, and is separated from the frame when the water level of the tsunami exceeds the certain height, and the length of the string-like member is increased. Since it is possible to float as much as possible, it is possible to prevent the shelter body from being washed away, and to float the shelter body to the water surface when the tsunami exceeds the assumed water level.

It is a front view which shows 1st embodiment of the shelter for tsunami evacuation which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which the shelter for tsunami evacuation of 1st embodiment left | separated from the frame and surfaced on the water surface. It is a front view which shows 2nd embodiment of the shelter for tsunami evacuation which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which the shelter for tsunami evacuation of 2nd embodiment left | separated from the frame and surfaced on the water surface. It is a figure which shows a shelter main body, Comprising: (a) is a top view, (b) is the sectional view on the AA line of (a), (c) is the example which comprised the shelter main body from the single shelter unit, (D) is the example which comprised the shelter main body by connecting several shelter units in the width direction and the length direction. It is a figure which shows the specific structure of a shelter main body, Comprising: (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the internal structure of a shelter unit, (b) is a top view of a shelter unit. It is a top view which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of a collision prevention member. It is a figure which shows the case where the collision prevention member is made into the structure where height changes according to a water level about the tsunami evacuation shelter of 1st embodiment. It is a figure which shows the case where the collision prevention member is made into the structure where height changes according to a water level about the tsunami evacuation shelter of 2nd embodiment.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate.
FIG. 1 is a front view showing a first embodiment of a tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention.
A tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention (including all embodiments described later) includes a shelter body (1) that can accommodate an evacuee and can float on water.
The shelter body (1) is provided on a frame (7) constructed on the ground and is held at a certain height from the ground (G). When the water level of the tsunami exceeds the certain height, the shelter body (1) It is possible to rise accordingly.

The shelter body (1) is placed on a frame (7) constructed on the ground, and is a stilt type provided at a high position from the ground. The height of the shelter body (1) from the ground is set to be higher than, for example, a standard tsunami water level (for example, 10 m) assumed in advance.
Further, the shelter body (1) can be moved up and down along the strut (5) driven into the ground, and the height of the strut (5) is an unexpected maximum tsunami level or water level. Is set higher than the value (for example, 30 m).

Steel pipes are attached to the four corners of the shelter body (1), and struts (5) are respectively inserted into the steel pipes. As the column (5), a steel pipe pile having a diameter slightly smaller than that of the steel pipe attached to the four corners of the shelter body (1) is used.
As a result, the shelter body (1) can be moved up and down along the column (5), and the shelter body (1) is prevented from being washed away by a tsunami.

According to this tsunami evacuation shelter, when the water level of the tsunami is lower than the frame (7) (within the assumption), the safety of the shelter body (1) does not rise as shown in FIG. Can be secured. When the water level of the tsunami is higher than the frame (7) (exceeding the assumption), the shelter body (1) rises along the support column (5) by buoyancy as shown in Fig. 2 (β). Can be secured.
Therefore, even if the height of the tsunami exceeds the assumed height, the tsunami evacuation shelter can reliably ensure safety.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing a second embodiment of the tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention.
Hereinafter, the tsunami evacuation shelter according to the second embodiment will be described with a focus on the configuration different from that of the first embodiment described above, and the same reference numerals will be assigned to the configurations common to the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted. .

The shelter body (1) is provided on a frame (7) constructed on the ground and is held at a certain height from the ground (G). When the water level of the tsunami exceeds the certain height, the shelter body (1) It is possible to rise accordingly.
The shelter body (1) is placed on a frame (7) constructed on the ground, and is a stilt type provided at a high position from the ground. The height of the shelter body (1) from the ground is set to be higher than, for example, a standard tsunami water level (for example, 10 m) assumed in advance.

The shelter body (1) is connected to the frame (7) by a string-like member (3) such as a chain or a rope. In FIG. 3, the string-like member (3) is accommodated in a steel pipe column (6) that supports the frame (7). The height of the string-like member (3) is a value obtained by subtracting the height (for example, 10 m) of the frame (7) from the expected maximum water level of the tsunami or an unexpected value (for example, 30 m) of the water level (for example, 20 m). It is set longer.
As a result, when the water level of the tsunami exceeds the height of the frame (7), the shelter body (1) can move away from the frame (7) by the length of the string-like member (3), and the shelter body (1) is prevented from being swept away by the tsunami.

According to this tsunami evacuation shelter, when the water level of the tsunami is lower than the frame (7) (within the assumption), the safety of the shelter body (1) does not rise as shown in FIG. Can be secured. When the water level of the tsunami is higher than the frame (7) (exceeding the assumption), the shelter body (1) is lifted away from the frame (7) by buoyancy as shown in Fig. 4 (β). Can be secured.
Therefore, even if the height of the tsunami exceeds the assumed height, the tsunami evacuation shelter can reliably ensure safety.

Next, the configuration of the shelter body (1) will be described. In addition, the structure of the shelter main body (1) demonstrated below is a structure common to all embodiment.
5 and 6 are views showing the shelter body (1).
The shelter body (1) is configured by combining a plurality of shelter units (11) having an internal space capable of accommodating evacuees so as to be separable in a plane direction (width direction and / or length direction of the shelter unit). Is preferred.
Fig.5 (a) is a top view which shows an example of a shelter main body (1), FIG.5 (b) is the sectional view on the AA line of Fig.5 (a).
The shelter body (1) shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) is constituted by connecting four shelter units (11) in the width direction. Although the connection method is not particularly limited, a connection method using bolts and nuts is preferably employed. Each of the shelter units (11) connected to each other has an inlet (12) and a ventilation port (13) on the upper surface. As a result, the shelter unit (11) alone can be used.
The plurality of connected shelter units (11) are preferably configured such that the internal spaces can communicate (can travel), but the internal spaces of the respective shelter units (11) may be isolated.

  In the shelter body (1) having such a structure, it is possible to change the number of shelter units (11) to be combined according to the number of persons accommodated. For example, when the capacity is small, one shelter unit (11) is used (see FIG. 5C), and when the capacity is large, the shelter unit (11) is arranged in the width direction and the length direction. What is necessary is just to use it in combination (refer FIG.5 (d)).

FIG. 6A is a longitudinal sectional view showing the internal structure of the shelter unit (11), and FIG. 6B is a plan view of the shelter unit (11).
The shelter unit (11) has a main body part (111) having an internal space in which an evacuee is accommodated, and a deck part (112) provided on the upper surface of the main body part (111). The deck part (112) The internal space can be reached by the stairs (113). Illumination (114) and warehouse (115) are provided in the internal space, and handrail (116), toilet (117), battery (118), escape hatch (119) are provided on deck (112). .
The number of shelter units (11) that can be accommodated is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 20 to 50 people.
The two spaces serving as the warehouses (115) disposed at the front and rear ends of the shelter unit (11) and the space for accommodating the refugees disposed between the two spaces are separated by a partition wall. Thereby, even when it is flooded in the space serving as the warehouse (115), it is prevented that it is flooded into the space where the evacuees are accommodated.

The frame (7) has a support (6) standing on the ground, a beam (8) that connects the support (5) in the horizontal direction, and a connection between the support (6) and the beam (8) in an oblique direction. It consists of a brace material (9).
As the brace material (9), a vibration damper is preferably used. By using the damping damper, when the impact force or seismic force caused by the tsunami is applied to the frame (7), the force can be relaxed, so the shaking of the shelter body (1) can be reduced. Thus, safety is further improved.
The damping damper is composed of a central steel material as a core, a steel pipe fitted around the core, concrete filled in the steel pipe, and a cushioning material interposed between the concrete and the central steel material. Those are preferably used. As the central steel material, it is preferable to use a steel plate for an elastic-plastic hysteresis damper for a building structure. In this vibration damper, buckling is prevented by restraining the central steel material by the steel pipe and concrete, and axial force is prevented from being applied to the steel pipe and concrete by the buffer material. Therefore, it is an excellent vibration damper with stable hysteresis characteristics that are the same in both tension and compression.

  The tsunami evacuation shelter according to the present invention is installed on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or part of the periphery of the shelter body (1), and prevents collision of drifting objects to the shelter body (1) ( 2) is preferably provided. (See FIGS. 7-9)

The collision preventing member (2) is erected on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or a part of the periphery of the shelter body (1). (See Figure 7)
When the collision prevention member (2) is provided so as to surround a part of the periphery of the shelter body (1), it is preferably provided at least on the side (coast side) where a tsunami is expected to strike (FIG. 7B). )), And preferably on the side (coast side) where the tsunami is expected to strike and on the opposite side (see FIG. 7 (a)). This is because it is possible to prevent not only the drifting material that has flown by the spilling wave but also the drifting material that has returned by the pulling wave from colliding with the shelter body (1), and safety is improved.

  When the collision preventing member (2) is provided so as to surround a part of the periphery of the shelter body (1), the collision preventing member (2) is provided over at least the width (W) of the shelter body (1). Is preferable (see FIG. 7B). This reliably prevents the drifting object from colliding with the shelter body.

When a tsunami occurs, large heavy objects such as ships and automobiles may flow along with the tsunami, and if such large heavy objects (floating objects) collide with the shelter body (1), the shelter body (1) is damaged. There is a risk. If the shelter body (1) is damaged, the lives of the evacuees housed inside it will be dangerous.
However, by providing the collision prevention member (2), drifting objects such as ships that have been swept away by the tsunami are prevented from moving in the direction of the shelter body (1) by the collision prevention member (2). Thereby, it is prevented that a drifting object collides with a shelter main body (1), and the safety of the evacuee accommodated in the inside can be ensured. In addition, since the wave force can be weakened by the collision preventing member (2), the wave force received by the shelter body (1) can be reduced.

The collision prevention member (2) is composed of a plurality of steel pipe piles (seven or ten in the illustrated example) that are driven into the ground at intervals.
Since the anti-collision member (2) is a pile that is driven into and fixed to the ground, it is possible to exert a high resistance against the collision of drifting objects. Moreover, since the pile which comprises a collision prevention member (2) is arrange | positioned at intervals, a water flow can be passed through between piles and can receive only a drifting thing. Therefore, a large load due to water pressure is not applied to the collision preventing member.
You may connect the several pile which comprises a collision prevention member (2) by string-like members, such as a chain. With such a configuration, it is possible to increase the strength of the collision preventing member (2) as a whole without disturbing the water flow. Moreover, it is prevented that the medium-sized drifting object smaller than the distance between piles collides with a shelter main body (1).

Although the arrangement of the plurality of piles constituting the collision preventing member (2) is not particularly limited, as shown in FIG. 7, the arc shape (elliptical arc) in plan view is centered on the position of the shelter body (1) or its vicinity. It is preferable that they are arranged side by side, including arc shapes and the like whose shape and curvature are not constant.
As a result, the drifting object that has flowed along with the tsunami can be moved by changing its direction along the arc and escaped.

The collision preventing member (2) is at least higher than the frame (7), but preferably has a structure in which the height changes according to the water level.
Examples of such a structure include structures shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, but are not limited thereto.
In the structure shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the collision preventing member (2) is a double tube comprising an outer tube (21) and an inner tube (22), and the inner tube (22) slides relative to the outer tube (21). By making it possible, the length of the inner tube (22) protruding from the upper end of the outer tube (22) can be changed. A float (4) is attached to the inner pipe (22), and the height of the collision preventing member (2) (the inner pipe from the upper end of the outer pipe (21) is increased by floating of the float (4) as the water level rises. The protruding length of the tube (22) is changed.
In addition, the float (4) is attached to the outer pipe (21) so that the outer pipe (21) can slide with respect to the inner pipe (22), and the outer pipe (21) protruding from the upper end of the inner pipe (22). You may enable it to change the length of.

Thus, when the collision prevention member (2) adopts a structure in which the height changes according to the water level, when the tsunami is large and the water level becomes high, the shelter main body (1) depends on the water level. Along with the rise (α position → β position), the collision preventing member (2) also becomes higher.
Therefore, it is prevented that a drifting substance gets over the collision preventing member (2) and collides with the shelter body (1).
When the float (4) is attached to the collision prevention member (2) and the height of the collision prevention member (2) is changed by the float of the float (4) as the water level rises, the collision prevention member Without providing a device (for example, a motor) for changing the height of (2), the height of the collision preventing member can be automatically changed as the water level rises.
Further, when the float (4) is provided at the upper end of the collision preventing member (2), the float (4) itself exhibits a collision preventing function. For example, when the float (4) has a cushioning property such as a rubber tube, it is possible to mitigate the impact when the drifting object collides with the float (4).

  In the second embodiment described above, the center of gravity of the shelter body (1) is attached to or stored in the bottom of the shelter body (1) with a heavy object such as concrete or metal plate acting as a ballast within a range that does not hinder floating. Is preferably disposed in the vicinity of the bottom. Thereby, even if the shelter body (1) that has floated upside down receives waves, it can return to its original direction (up and down right direction) because the bottom is heavy.

  The present invention is used as an evacuation shelter for evacuating from a tsunami generated by an earthquake.

1 Shelter body 2 Collision prevention member 3 String member 4 Float 5 Strut
6 Prop (frame)
7 Frame 8 Beam 9 Breath material 11 Shelter unit

Claims (10)

It has a shelter body that can accommodate evacuees and float on water,
The shelter body is provided on a frame constructed on the ground and is held at a certain height from the ground, and rises according to the water level when the water level of the tsunami exceeds the certain height. Tsunami evacuation shelter.   The tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 1, wherein the frame includes a vibration control mechanism. The frame is composed of a column erected on the ground, a beam that connects the columns in a horizontal direction, and a brace material that links the column and the beam in an oblique direction,
The tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 2, wherein the brace material comprises a vibration damper.   4. A collision prevention member that is provided on the ground so as to surround the entire circumference or a part of the periphery of the shelter body, and that prevents a drifting object from colliding with the shelter body. Tsunami evacuation shelter as described in Crab.   The tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 4, wherein the collision preventing member changes in height according to a water level.   The tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the collision preventing member comprises a plurality of piles driven into the ground at intervals.   The tsunami evacuation shelter according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of piles are arranged side by side in a substantially arc shape in plan view with the position of the shelter body or the vicinity thereof as a center. The shelter main body is configured by combining a plurality of shelter units having an internal space capable of accommodating evacuees in a separable manner,
The shelter for tsunami evacuation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein each shelter unit has an entrance.   9. The shelter body according to claim 1, wherein the shelter body is capable of levitating along a support post driven into the ground away from the frame when a water level of a tsunami exceeds the certain height. Tsunami evacuation shelter.   The shelter body is connected to the frame by a string-like member, and can be lifted by the length of the string-like member away from the frame when the water level of the tsunami exceeds the certain height. A tsunami evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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