JP2013203684A - 内服組成物 - Google Patents
内服組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2013203684A JP2013203684A JP2012073482A JP2012073482A JP2013203684A JP 2013203684 A JP2013203684 A JP 2013203684A JP 2012073482 A JP2012073482 A JP 2012073482A JP 2012073482 A JP2012073482 A JP 2012073482A JP 2013203684 A JP2013203684 A JP 2013203684A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bitterness
- hydrochloride
- methylephedrine
- pseudoephedrine
- internal use
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
【解決手段】(A)メチルエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上
(B)プソイドエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上、並びに
(C)メキタジン
を含有する内服組成物。
【選択図】なし
Description
苦みを有する成分は数多く存在する。例えば、メチルエフェドリン又はその塩やプソイドエフェドリン又はその塩も、これに該当する。
メチルエフェドリン又はその塩(特に、メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩)は、エフェドリンと類似の作用機序、すなわちα作用、及びβ作用を有し、気管支拡張作用、中枢性の鎮咳作用を有することが知られている公知の化合物である。
プソイドエフェドリン又はその塩(例、プソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩)は、交感神経α作用による血管収縮作用を有し、鼻粘膜の充血や腫れを抑えることが知られている公知の化合物である。
なお、当然のことであるが、この両者を含有する製剤は、それぞれの単独を含有する製剤に比べて、より強い苦みを有する。
このような苦みを有する成分を服用し易くする方法として、苦みを有する成分に甘味剤又は矯味剤を添加して製剤化する方法が慣用されている。これは、卑近な表現をすれば、甘み等によって苦みをごまかすことを原理とする方法である。また、別の方法として、苦みを有する成分を糖衣で被覆して製剤化する方法、及びカプセルに封入して製剤化する方法もまた慣用されている。これは、苦みを有する成分が苦みを感じる舌に接触することを妨げることを原理とする方法である。
苦みを有する成分を糖衣で被覆して製剤化する方法、及びカプセルに封入して製剤化する方法の場合、それぞれ糖衣工程、カプセル化工程が必要となるので生産コストがかかる上に、1回で服用すべき内服組成物の量が多くなることにより、製剤が大型化して、又は服用すべき製剤の個数が増加して、服用しにくくなるという問題がある。
従って、これらの方法に換わる方法、又はこれらの方法を補う方法として、従来の方法とは異なる苦み抑制方法が求められている。
本発明は、メチルエフェドリン又はその塩、並びにプソイドエフェドリン又はその塩を含有する製剤であって、メチルエフェドリン又はその塩、並びにプソイドエフェドリン又はその塩に起因する苦みが抑制されている製剤を提供することを目的とする。
(A)メチルエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上、並びに
(B)プソイドエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上
に、苦みを有するメキタジンを更に加えることによって、苦みが軽減されることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
項1.
(A)メチルエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上
(B)プソイドエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上、並びに
(C)メキタジン
を含有する内服組成物。
項2.
散剤、細粒剤、顆粒剤、素錠、ドライシロップ剤、液剤又はゼリー剤である前記項1に記載の内服組成物。
項3.
(A)メチルエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上、並びに
(B)プソイドエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上
を含有する内服組成物に
(C)メキタジンを含有させることを特徴とする、
前記内服組成物の苦みを抑制する方法。
本発明の内服組成物は、
(A)メチルエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上
(B)プソイドエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上、並びに
(C)メキタジン
を含有する。
抗ヒスタミン成分(例えば、イソチペンジル塩酸塩、イプロヘプチン塩酸塩、ジフェテロール塩酸塩、ジフェニルピラリン塩酸塩、ジフェンヒドラミン塩酸塩、トリプロリジン塩酸塩水和物、トリペレナミン塩酸塩、トンジルアミン塩酸塩、プロメタジン塩酸塩、メトジラジン塩酸塩、ジフェンヒドラミンサリチル酸塩、ジフェニルジスルホン酸カルビノキサミン、アリメマジン酒石酸塩、ジフェンヒドラミンタンニン酸塩、ジフェニルピラリンテオクル酸塩、カルビノキサミンマレイン酸塩、クロルフェニラミンマレイン酸塩、プロメタジンメチレンジサリチル酸塩)、
副交感神経遮断成分(例えば、アトロピン、スコポラミン、ベラドンナ総アルカロイド、ベラドンナエキス、ヨウ化イソプロパミド、ダツラエキス、ロートエキス等)、
メチルエフェドリン及びプソイドエフェドリンを除く他の交感神経興奮成分(例えばフェニレフリン、フェニルプロパノールアミン、エフェドリン、エチレフリン、メトキサミン、ミドドリン、メトキシフェナミン等)、
消炎酵素類(例えば、リゾチーム、セラペプターゼ、ブロメライン、プロナーゼ等)、
生薬、及び生薬由来成分(例えば、ショウキョウ、カンゾウ、ニンジン、マオウ、ケイヒ、ケイガイ、サイシン、シンイ、ナンテンジツ、オウヒ、ビャクシ、ゼンコ、キキョウ、シャゼンシ、ゴオウ、ガジュツ、ビャクジュツ、ソウジュツ、ゲンチアナ、ウイキョウ、オンジ、オウバク、オウレン、チクセツニンジン、チンピ、チョウジ、セネガ、シャゼンソウ、シャジン、グリチルリチン酸等)、
キサンチン誘導体(例えば、カフェイン、テオフィリン、アミノフィリン、テオブロミン、ジプロフェイリン、プロキシフィリン、ペントキシフィリン等)、
解熱鎮痛薬成分(例えば、アスピリン、アスピリンアルミニウム、アセトアミノフェン、エテンザミド、サザピリン、サリチルアミド、サリチル酸ナトリウム、ラクチルフェネチジン、イブプロフェン、ケトプロフェン、チアラミド、アルミノプロフェン、ロキソプロフェン等)、
鎮咳薬成分(例えば、アクロラミド、クロペラスチン、ペントキシベリン(カルベタペンタン)、チペピジン、ジブナート、デキストロメトルファン、コデイン、ジヒドロコデイン、ノスカピン等)、
去痰薬(例えば、グアヤコールスルホン酸カリウム、グアイフェネシン等)、
ビタミン類(例えば、ビタミンA類[例えば、レチナール、レチノール、レチノイン酸、カロチン、デヒドロレチナール、リコピン等]、ビタミンB類[例えば、チアミン、チアミンジスルフィド、ジセチアミン、オクトチアミン、シコチアミン、ビスイブチアミン、ビスベンチアミン、プロスルチアミン、ベンフォチアミン、フルスルチアミン、リボフラビン、フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド、ピリドキシン、ピリドキサール、ヒドロキソコバラミン、シアノコバラミン、メチルコバラミン、デオキシアデノコバラミン、葉酸、テトラヒドロ葉酸、ジヒドロ葉酸、ニコチン酸、ニコチン酸アミド、ニコチニルアルコール、パントテン酸、パンテノール、ビオチン、コリン、イノシトール等]、ビタミンC類[例えば、アスコルビン酸、エリソルビン酸、又はその誘導体等]、ビタミンD類[例えば、エルゴカルシフェロール、コレカルシフェロール、ヒドロキシコレカルシフェロール、ジヒドロキシコレカルシフェロール、ジヒドロタキステロール等]、ビタミンE類[例えば、トコフェロール及びその誘導体、ユビキノン誘導体等]、その他のビタミン類[例えば、ヘスペリジン、カルニチン、フェルラ酸、γ−オリザノール、オロチン酸、ルチン、エリオシトリン等]等)、及び
粘膜保護成分(例えば、アミノ酢酸、乾燥水酸化アルミニウムゲル、ジヒドロキシアルミニウム・アミノ酢酸塩等のアルミニウム系粘膜保護剤;メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム、ケイ酸アルミニウム、ヒドロタルサイト、水酸化アルミナマグネシウム、水酸化アルミニウムゲル、水酸化アルミニウム・炭酸水素ナトリウムの共沈生成物、水酸化アルミニウム・炭酸マグネシウム混合乾燥ゲル、水酸化アルミニウム・炭酸カルシウム・炭酸マグネシウムの共沈生成物、炭酸マグネシウム、酸化マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、ケイ酸マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム・硫酸アルミニウムカリウムの共沈生成物等のマグネシウム系粘膜保護剤等)
等が挙げられる。
例えば、固形剤における担体成分又は添加剤としては、賦形剤、崩壊剤、結合剤、滑沢剤、抗酸化剤、コーティング剤、着色剤、界面活性剤、可塑剤、甘味剤、矯味剤、着香剤、崩壊補助剤、発泡剤、吸着剤、防腐剤、湿潤剤、帯電防止剤等が挙げられる。
また、例えば、液剤における担体成分又は添加剤としては、溶剤、pH調整剤、清涼化剤、懸濁化剤、消泡剤、粘稠剤、溶解補助剤、界面活性剤、抗酸化剤、着色剤、甘味剤、着香剤、防腐・抗菌剤、キレート剤、可溶化剤、溶解補助剤、安定化剤、流動化剤、乳化剤、増粘剤、緩衝剤、等張化剤、及び分散剤等が挙げられる。
ここで、本発明の内服組成物は苦みが抑制されているので、苦みの抑制を目的とする甘味剤、及び矯味剤の使用量を減らすことができる。
本発明の内服組成物の製剤形態は、内服が可能である限り、特に制限されない。このような製剤形態として、具体的には、散剤、粉末剤、細粒剤、顆粒剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、錠剤[素錠、糖衣錠、口腔内速崩壊錠、咀嚼可能錠(チュアブル錠)、発泡錠、トローチ剤、フィルムコーティング錠等を含む]、ドライシロップ剤、液剤[懸濁剤、乳剤、シロップ剤、リモナーデ剤等を含む]、ゼリー剤、及び製菓剤[キャンディー(飴)、グミ剤、ヌガー剤等を含む]が例示される。
本発明の内服組成物が、液剤もしくはゼリー剤である場合、その包装形態は、1回のみきりタイプの包装形態であってもよく、複数回にわたり継続的に服用されるマルチドーズの包装形態であってもよい。
本発明の内服組成物は、(A)メチルエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上、並びに(B)プソイドエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上を含有しながらも、これらに由来する苦みが抑制されているという優れた効果を奏するものである。よって、本発明はまた、(A)メチルエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上、並びに(B)プソイドエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上を含有する内服組成物の苦みを抑制する方法をも提供するものである。
内服組成物の苦みを抑制する方法としては、具体的には、内服組成物に、(A)メチルエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上、並びに(B)プソイドエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上と共に(C)メキタジンを含有させるのであれば特に限定はない。
また、本発明の苦み抑制方法は、苦みを有する成分に甘味剤又は矯味剤を添加して製剤化する方法、苦みを有する成分を糖衣で被覆して製剤化する方法、又はカプセルに封入して製剤化する方法等の、他の苦み抑制方法と組み合わせても、用いられ得る。
なお、前記内服組成物の苦み抑制方法において、(A)成分、(B)成分及び(C)成分の混合は同時であっても、逐次であってもよく、その順序も特に限定されない。また、これらの方法において、使用する(A)成分、(B)成分及び(C)成分の種類、それらの含有量、及びそれらの含有割合、その他に使用される成分の種類、調製方法、用途、製剤形態、投与対象等については、前記本発明の内服組成物と同様である。
表1に示す比較例1及び実施例1の内服組成物をそれぞれ調製して、これらの内服組成物を用いてビジュアルアナログスケール(VAS)に準じて、苦みの評価を行った。具体的には、表1に記載の各成分を秤量した後に、乳鉢にて混合して均一な内服組成物を得た。各内服組成物を所定量秤量して、官能試験用サンプルとした。各パネラーは官能試験用サンプルを口に含み、苦みの比較を行った。なお、各サンプルは、口に含み、苦みを評価した後、蒸留水で口を漱いで、全て吐き出した。各サンプルを口に含み、その直後に感じられる「苦み」について、「苦み」が感じられない場合を0cm、感じられる場合を5cm、強く感じられる場合を10cmとして、自覚症状調査シートにパネラーが感じた「苦み」の程度を記載して、この長さ(cm)を苦みスコアとして算出した。なお、パネラーとしては、比較例1の苦みスコアが5以上の人を選択した。 また、比較例1及び2の苦みスコアを比較して、苦みスコアが高いほうに「X」印を記載した。なお、この際、両者に差が感じられない場合は、どちらにも「X」印を記載しないこととした。
dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩、メキタジン及び乳糖は第16改正日本薬局方の規格に適合するものであり、プソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩は日本薬局方外医薬品規格2002の塩酸プソイドエフェドリンの規格に適合するものである。また、表1における成分含有量の単位はmgである。
したがって、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩とプソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩を含有する内服組成物に、メキタジンを含有させることで、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩とプソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩を含有する内服組成物の有する苦みが抑制されることが明らかとなった。
表2〜4に示す比較例2〜4及び実施例2の内服組成物をそれぞれ調製し、試験例1と同様に、内服組成物の苦みの評価を行った。
なお、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩、メキタジン及び乳糖は第16改正日本薬局方の規格に適合するものであり、プソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩は日本薬局方外医薬品規格2002の塩酸プソイドエフェドリンの規格に適合するものである。また、表2〜4における成分含有量の単位はmgである。
また、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩を含有する内服組成物(比較例2)の苦みと、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩とともに、プソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩を含有する内服組成物(比較例4)の苦みとを比較すると、比較例4のほうが苦みが強く、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩を含有する内服組成物に、プソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩を含有させることにより、内服組成物の苦みが増強された。
これに対して、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩とプソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩を含有する内服組成物(比較例4)の苦みと、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩とプソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩とともに、メキタジンを含有する内服組成物(実施例2)の苦みとを比較すると、比較例4のほうが苦みが強く、メキタジンを含有させることにより内服組成物の苦みが抑制された。
試験例1と同様に、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩とプソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩を含有する内服組成物に、メキタジンを含有させることで、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩とプソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩を含有する内服組成物の有する苦みが抑制されることが示された。
表5〜6に示す比較例5〜6及び実施例3〜4の内服組成物をそれぞれ調製し、試験例1と同様に、内服組成物の苦みの評価を行った。
なお、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩、メキタジン及び乳糖は第16改正日本薬局方の規格に適合するものであり、プソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩は日本薬局方外医薬品規格2002の塩酸プソイドエフェドリンの規格に適合するものである。また、表5〜6における成分含有量の単位はmgである。
したがって、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩の濃度が異なっても、試験例1及び2と同様に、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩とプソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩を含有する内服組成物に、メキタジンを含有させることで、dl−メチルエフェドリン塩酸塩とプソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩を含有する内服組成物の有する苦みが抑制されることが示された。
なお、実施例17〜28の散剤は、水などに溶かして飲むこともできる。
Claims (3)
- (A)メチルエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上
(B)プソイドエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上、並びに
(C)メキタジン
を含有する内服組成物。 - 散剤、細粒剤、顆粒剤、素錠、ドライシロップ剤、液剤又はゼリー剤である請求項1に記載の内服組成物。
- (A)メチルエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上、並びに
(B)プソイドエフェドリン及びその塩からなる群より選択される1種以上
を含有する内服組成物に
(C)メキタジンを含有させることを特徴とする、
前記内服組成物の苦みを抑制する方法。
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