JP2013071210A - Tool mounting device of machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tool mounting device of a machine tool having a simple and compact constitution, and configured to set a tool spindle to a rotatable state and a reliably fixed state without any play in a changing manner, while reducing thrust load on the tool spindle due to a pressing force of a movable coupling.SOLUTION: The tool mounting device 11 includes a rotatable coupling 32 which rotates along with a tool spindle 13, and a deflection mechanism 45 which connects the rotatable coupling 32 to the tool spindle 13, and is flexible in the direction of the center axis L. When the fluid pressure is supplied, the movable coupling 31 is moved in the direction from the distal end side to the base end side of the tool spindle 13, and engaged with a rotatable coupling 32 and a fixed coupling 33 to lock the tool spindle 13. The movable coupling 31 is detached from the rotatable coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33 to unlock the tool spindle 13.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tool mounting device for a machine tool, and in particular, a machine tool that can be set by switching a tool spindle on which a tool is detachably mounted between a rotatable state and a fixed state around the tool spindle. The present invention relates to a tool mounting apparatus.

  A composite machine tool capable of performing both rotary machining and turning is known. This composite machine tool has a switching mechanism for switching a tool spindle on which a tool is detachably mounted between a rotatable state and a fixed state.

  As such a switching mechanism, a fixed coupling provided on a tool spindle holder in which the tool spindle is disposed inside, a rotary coupling provided on the tool spindle, and the fixed coupling and the rotary coupling can be engaged with each other. A composite machine tool including a movable coupling has been proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  Here, the movable coupling is moved by controlling the fluid pressure supplied into the tool spindle holder. And, by moving the movable coupling meshes with both the fixed coupling and the rotary coupling, the tool spindle is in a fixed state, while the movable coupling is detached from the fixed coupling and the rotary coupling, The tool spindle is allowed to rotate.

Japanese Patent No. 3167644 Japanese Patent No. 3964642

  By the way, in the machine tools described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, when the tool spindle is fixed, the movable coupling is pressed toward the fixed coupling and the rotary coupling in the axial direction of the tool spindle and meshes. Is done. This pressing force is necessary for reliable engagement, but on the other hand, it is transmitted as a thrust load to the tool spindle and can become a load on a bearing that supports the tool spindle.

  On the other hand, the machine tool described in Patent Document 1 has a rear end of the tool spindle by a pressing member that is actuated by fluid pressure so as to resist a pressing force to the rear of the movable coupling when the tool spindle is fixed. A thrust load on the tool spindle can be suppressed by pressing the side end face forward.

  However, the mechanism for pressing the tool spindle by the pressing member described in Patent Document 1 is arranged outside the rear end side of the tool spindle holder, and the tool mounting device itself of the machine tool becomes large and the tool spindle It is necessary to simultaneously perform control relating to the fluid pressure supplied to the movable coupling in the holder and control relating to the fluid pressure supplied to the pressing member, and complicated fluid pressure control is required. Furthermore, if there is a difference in the position of the axial direction toward the movable coupling side of the teeth of the fixed coupling and the rotary coupling, the one that is farther from the movable coupling among the movable coupling, the fixed coupling, and the rotary coupling. As a result, the engagement with the coupling becomes insufficient, and a play in the circumferential direction occurs on the tool spindle. In order to prevent this, the axial positions of the tooth portions of the fixed coupling and the rotary coupling must be aligned with high accuracy.

  Further, the machine tool described in Patent Document 2 presses the movable coupling backward by a balance pressing member that operates by fluid pressure so as to resist the pressing force of the movable coupling forward when the tool spindle is fixed. By doing so, the thrust load on the tool spindle can be suppressed.

  However, although the mechanism for pressing the movable coupling by the balance pressing member described in Patent Document 2 is arranged inside the tool spindle holder, complicated fluid pressure control is still necessary, and the balance pressing member The space occupied in the tool spindle holder increases due to the formation of a path for the fluid supplied to the tool spindle. Furthermore, in order to prevent backlash in the circumferential direction of the tool spindle, the axial positions of the teeth of the fixed coupling and the rotary coupling must still be aligned with high accuracy.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and with a simple and compact configuration, the tool spindle can be switched between a rotatable state and a fixed state without play, and a movable cup. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tool mounting device for a machine tool capable of suppressing a thrust load on a tool spindle due to a pressing force of a ring.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 1 is a machine tool that can be set by switching a tool spindle, on which a tool is detachably mounted, between a rotatable state around the tool spindle and a fixed state. The tool mounting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tool spindle is disposed on an outer peripheral side of the tool spindle holder inside the tool spindle holder, and an axial direction of the tool spindle in the tool spindle holder by supply of fluid pressure A movable coupling movable to the tool spindle, a rotary coupling rotatable in conjunction with the tool spindle, a fixed coupling disposed on an outer peripheral side of the rotary coupling and fixed to the tool spindle holder, and the rotation A flexible mechanism that connects the coupling to the tool spindle and has flexibility in the axial direction, and includes the movable coupling, the rotary coupling, and the fixed coupling. Each of the pullings has a plurality of teeth, and the supply of fluid pressure causes the movable coupling to move from the distal end side where the tool is mounted on the tool spindle to the proximal end side of the tool spindle. By moving and meshing with the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling, the tool spindle is in the fixed state, and the movable coupling is detached from the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling, The tool spindle is in the rotatable state.

In this invention, the movable coupling moves in the direction from the distal end side to the proximal end side of the tool spindle, and meshes with the rotary coupling in which the deflection mechanism is interposed between the tool spindle and the fixed coupling. Thus, the tool spindle is fixed. Further, only the restoring force (elastic force) by the deflection mechanism acts on the rotary coupling from the movable coupling.
Therefore, according to the present invention, with a simple and compact configuration, the tool spindle can be switched between a rotatable state and a fixed state without play and can be set to the tool spindle by the pressing force of the movable coupling. A tool mounting device for a machine tool capable of suppressing a thrust load can be provided.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 2 is a machine tool that can be set by switching a tool spindle, on which a tool is detachably mounted, between a rotatable state around the tool spindle and a fixed state. The tool mounting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tool spindle is disposed on an outer peripheral side of the tool spindle holder inside the tool spindle holder, and an axial direction of the tool spindle in the tool spindle holder by supply of fluid pressure A movable coupling movable to the tool spindle, a rotary coupling rotatable in conjunction with the tool spindle, a fixed coupling disposed on an outer peripheral side of the rotary coupling and fixed to the tool spindle holder, and the rotation A flexible mechanism that connects the coupling to the tool spindle and has flexibility in the axial direction, and includes the movable coupling, the rotary coupling, and the fixed coupling. Each of the pullings has a plurality of teeth, and when the fluid pressure is supplied, the movable coupling is on the tip side of the tool spindle from the base end side opposite to the side on which the tool is mounted. The tool main shaft is fixed, and the movable coupling is detached from the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling. Thus, the tool spindle is brought into the rotatable state.

In this invention, the movable coupling moves in the direction from the proximal end side to the distal end side of the tool spindle, and meshes with the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling in which a deflection mechanism is interposed between the tool spindle and The tool spindle is fixed. Further, only the restoring force (elastic force) by the deflection mechanism acts on the rotary coupling from the movable coupling.
Therefore, according to the present invention, with a simple and compact configuration, the tool spindle can be switched between a rotatable state and a fixed state without play and can be set to the tool spindle by the pressing force of the movable coupling. A tool mounting device for a machine tool capable of suppressing a thrust load can be provided.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the tool mounting device for a machine tool according to the first or second aspect, the rotation is performed in a state where the movable coupling is detached from the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling. The axial position of the tooth portion of the coupling is set to be closer to the movable coupling than the axial position of the tooth portion of the fixed coupling.

  According to the present invention, the tooth portion of the rotary coupling is pushed by the movable coupling against the restoring force (elastic force) by the deflection mechanism, and becomes the same axial position as the tooth portion of the fixed coupling. . Therefore, the precision and rigidity of the engagement between the movable coupling, the rotary coupling, and the fixed coupling are increased, and the tool spindle can be reliably fixed without play.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the tool mounting device for a machine tool according to any one of the first to third aspects, the movable coupling is based on a fluid pressure supplied to the movable coupling. And a detecting means for detecting meshing or disengagement with respect to the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling.

  According to this invention, it can be determined whether the tool spindle is in a rotatable state or a fixed state based on the fluid pressure supplied to the movable coupling, and after confirming the state of the tool spindle, It is possible to reliably perform an operation according to the type of processing such as rotary processing or turning.

  According to the present invention, with a simple and compact configuration, the tool spindle can be switched between a rotatable state and a fixed state without play, and a thrust load on the tool spindle due to the pressing force of the movable coupling. It is possible to provide a tool mounting device for a machine tool capable of suppressing the above-described problem.

1 is a perspective view illustrating an overall configuration of a machine tool to which a tool attachment device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view schematically showing a part of a section of the spindle head shown in FIG. 1. It is a principal part expanded sectional view of the tool attachment apparatus shown by FIG. It is a principal part expanded sectional view of the tool attachment apparatus in which a tool principal axis is in an unlocking. It is a principal part expanded sectional view of the tool attachment apparatus in which a tool main axis | shaft exists in a lock | rock. It is a principal part expanded sectional view of the tool attachment apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an overall configuration of a machine tool to which a tool mounting apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the machine tool 10 here includes three linear feeds of X axis, Y axis, and Z axis orthogonal to each other, and rotation around two axes of A axis and C axis ( This is a vertical machine tool having a degree of freedom of rotation. In FIG. 1, the Z-axis direction corresponds to the direction of gravity, the Z-axis direction corresponds to the up-down direction, the Y-axis direction corresponds to the front-rear direction, and the X-axis direction corresponds to the left-right direction.

  The machine tool 10 includes a bed 1 serving as a base, and a table device 2 is supported on the bed 1 so as to be capable of reciprocating in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction). A column 4 extending upward on the back side of the bed 1 supports a movable table 4 so as to be capable of reciprocating in the X-axis direction (left-right direction). The spindle head 5 is supported on the surface of the moving table 4 on the table device 2 side so as to be reciprocally movable in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction).

  The table device 2 includes a work table 6, and the work table 6 can be reciprocally rotated (tilted) about the A axis that is an axis along the X-axis direction. The work table 6 is provided with a table 7 on which a work (not shown) is placed and supported, and the table 7 is rotatable about the C axis orthogonal to the A axis.

  The machine tool 10 also includes a tool magazine 8 in which a plurality of tools (not shown) are accommodated. A tool T (see FIG. 2) attached to the tip of the spindle head 5 is automatically exchanged with an arbitrary tool in the tool magazine 8 by a tool exchange arm 9.

  FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view schematically showing a part of the spindle head shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the tool attachment device shown in FIG. 2 and 3 are drawn so that the Z-axis direction (vertical direction) is horizontal.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the spindle head 5 includes a tool attachment device 11 for attaching the tool T to the tip portion thereof, and a drive source 12 that generates a rotational drive force for rotating the tool T. And the tool attachment apparatus 11 has the tool spindle 13 with which the tool T is detachably mounted | worn, and the tool spindle holder 14 by which the tool spindle 13 is arrange | positioned inside.

  The tool spindle 13 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and is inserted coaxially into the tool spindle holder 14. A known attachment / detachment mechanism 15 for attaching / detaching the tool T to / from the tip of the tool spindle 13 is disposed in the tool spindle 13.

  The base end side of the tool spindle 13 opposite to the side on which the tool T is mounted is connected to the rotating shaft 17 of the drive source 12 via the coupling 16. For example, an electric motor is used as the drive source 12. However, the drive source 12 may be connected to the rotating shaft 17 of the drive source 12 via a proximal end side of the tool spindle 13 and a drive force transmission member such as a belt or a gear. Alternatively, the drive source 12 may be a built-in motor disposed on the outer peripheral side of the tool spindle 13.

  The tool spindle holder 14 includes a support body 20 that rotatably supports the tool spindle 13 via bearings 18 and 19, and a tip that is positioned on the outer peripheral side of the tip of the tool spindle 13 and is attached to the tip of the support body 20. And a block 21. The front end block 21 has a first block 22 fixed to the front end surface of the support body 20 by a bolt 24 and a second block 23 fixed to the front end surface of the first block 22 by a bolt 25. ing. The tool spindle 13 can be rotated around the tool spindle 13 in a space formed between the first block 22, the second block 23 and the tool spindle 13 (hereinafter also referred to as “unlock”). And a fixed mechanism (hereinafter also referred to as “lock”).

  As shown in FIG. 3, the switching mechanism 30 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the tip end portion of the tool spindle 13 and includes a movable coupling 31, a rotary coupling 32, and a fixed coupling 33. The rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33 have a generally annular plate shape, and a plurality of tooth portions 35 and 36 are radially formed at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction on one surface. Further, the movable coupling 31 has a substantially annular plate shape, and a plurality of tooth portions 34 that can mesh with the tooth portions 35 and 36 of the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33 are radially circular on one surface. They are formed at equiangular intervals in the circumferential direction. The teeth 34, 35, and 36 are preferably subjected to an appropriate surface hardening treatment in order to improve mechanical properties such as wear resistance, hardness, and strength.

  In FIG. 3, the portion above the axis L of the tool spindle 13 shows the unlocked state where the movable coupling 31 is detached from the fixed coupling 33 and the rotary coupling 32, and the axis L of the tool spindle 13 is shown. The lower portion shows a lock in which the movable coupling 31 is engaged with the fixed coupling 33 and the rotary coupling 32 (the same applies to FIG. 2). In FIG. 3, the tool T and the attachment / detachment mechanism 15 (see FIG. 2) are not shown.

  The movable coupling 31 is disposed in a cylinder bore 44 formed in the second block 23 so as to be movable in the direction of the axis L of the tool spindle 13. A first fluid pressure chamber 37 is formed on the bottom surface side of the cylinder bore 44 of the movable coupling 31, and a second fluid pressure chamber 38 is formed on the opposite side of the bottom surface side of the cylinder bore 44 of the movable coupling 31. .

  The first fluid pressure chamber 37 is connected to a fluid pressure source (not shown) via a first path 39 formed in the second block 23 and a first tube 41 connected to the first path 39. The second fluid pressure chamber 38 is connected to a fluid pressure source (not shown) via a second path 40 formed in the second block 23 and a second tube 42 connected to the second path 40. It is connected to the. Further, in the middle of the first tube 41 and the second tube 42, sensors S1 and S2 for detecting fluid pressures (here, for example, air pressure) supplied to the first fluid pressure chamber 37 and the second fluid pressure chamber 38, respectively. Is provided. A detecting means 59 is provided for detecting meshing or disengagement of the movable coupling 31 with respect to the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33 based on the fluid pressure supplied to the movable coupling 31 detected by the sensors S1 and S2. ing.

  Between the rotary coupling 32 and the tool spindle 13, a flexure mechanism 45 that connects the rotary coupling 32 and the tool spindle 13 and has flexibility (elasticity) in the direction of the axis L is installed. The deflection mechanism 45 includes a deflection plate 46 having a substantially annular plate shape and an appropriate number of disc springs 47.

  The rotary coupling 32 is fixed to the outer peripheral side of the flexible plate 46 by bolts 48, and the inner peripheral side of the flexible plate 46 is on the base side of the flange 50 that protrudes outward from the outer peripheral surface of the tool spindle 13. It is fixed with bolts 49. Thereby, the rotary coupling 32 can be rotated in conjunction with the tool spindle 13. An annular recess 51 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the flange 50, and the disc spring 47 is accommodated in the recess 51.

  Further, a pressing member 52 having an annular plate shape is fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the tool spindle 13 and disposed at a position facing the flange 50. The holding member 52 presses the rotary coupling 32 against the flange 50 side against the restoring force (elastic force) of the deflection mechanism 45 and is in contact with a stepped portion 54 formed on the tool spindle 13. 53 is fixed by positioning.

  The fixed coupling 33 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the rotary coupling 32, and is fixed to the first block 22 of the tool spindle holder 14 with a bolt 43.

  When the fluid pressure is supplied to the first fluid pressure chamber 37 in the tool attachment device 11, the movable coupling 31 is a tool from the tip side on which the tool T (see FIG. 2) of the tool spindle 13 is mounted. When moving in the direction of the proximal end of the main shaft 13 and meshing with the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33, while fluid pressure is supplied to the second fluid pressure chamber 38, the movable coupling 31 is moved to the tool main shaft. 13 is configured to move from the proximal end side to the distal end side and to detach from the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33.

  Further, in the unlocked state (shown in the upper part of FIG. 3) in which the movable coupling 31 is detached from the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33, the position of the tooth portion 35 of the rotary coupling 32 in the direction of the axis L is It is set so as to be closer to the movable coupling 31 by a predetermined distance than the position of the tooth portion 36 of the fixed coupling 33 in the axial center L direction (note that it is drawn at the same position in FIG. 3). Therefore, when the movable coupling 31 meshes with the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33, the movable coupling 31 first comes into contact with the rotary coupling 32 and then comes into contact with the fixed coupling 33. Yes.

  Next, with reference to FIG.4 and FIG.5, the effect | action of the tool attachment apparatus 11 of the machine tool comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the tool mounting apparatus in which the tool spindle is unlocked. FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the tool attachment device in which the tool spindle is in the lock.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when a rotary machining tool (not shown) is mounted on the tip of the tool spindle 13 to perform the rotary machining, the second tube 42 is supplied from a fluid pressure source (not shown). The fluid pressure is supplied to the second fluid pressure chamber 38 through the second path 40.

  When fluid pressure is supplied to the second fluid pressure chamber 38, the movable coupling 31 is directed from the proximal end side to the distal end side of the tool spindle 13 toward the opposite side of the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33. Moving. On the other hand, the fluid in the first fluid pressure chamber 37 is discharged through the first path 39 and the first tube 41. Thereby, the movable coupling 31 is detached from the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33.

  When the fluid pressure supplied to the second fluid pressure chamber 38 detected by the sensor S2 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, the movable coupling 31 has detached from the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33, that is, the tool spindle. 13 unlocks are detected. Note that the unlocking of the tool spindle 13 may be detected when the detection value of the sensor S2 is higher than the detection value of the sensor S1 by a predetermined threshold or more.

  Thus, after the unlocking of the tool spindle 13 is confirmed, the operation start of the drive source 12 (see FIG. 2) is permitted. Then, the rotational driving force from the drive source 12 is transmitted to the tool spindle 13 and the workpiece (not shown) installed on the table 7 of the table device 2 (see FIG. 1) is rotated. At this time, the tool is moved in, for example, three axes (X, Y, Z axes), and the workpiece is processed into a desired shape.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, when a turning tool (not shown) is mounted on the tip of the tool spindle 13 to perform turning, first, the tool spindle 13 is fixed by spindle orientation. Stop at the angular position. Subsequently, fluid pressure is supplied from a fluid pressure source (not shown) to the first fluid pressure chamber 37 via the first tube 41 and the first path 39.

  When fluid pressure is supplied to the first fluid pressure chamber 37, the movable coupling 31 moves from the distal end side to the proximal end side of the tool spindle 13 toward the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33. To do. On the other hand, the fluid in the second fluid pressure chamber 38 is discharged through the second path 40 and the second tube 42.

  The movable coupling 31 moves toward the proximal end side of the tool spindle 13 and meshes with the rotary coupling 32 having the deflection mechanism 45 interposed between the movable spindle 31 and the fixed coupling 33. The tool spindle 13 is fixed. At this time, only the restoring force (elastic force) by the bending mechanism 45 acts on the rotary coupling 32 from the movable coupling 31.

  Here, since the position of the tooth portion 35 of the rotary coupling 32 is set closer to the movable coupling 31 than the position of the tooth portion 36 of the fixed coupling 33, the movable coupling 31 is first connected to the rotary coupling 32. The rotary coupling 32 is pressed toward the proximal end side of the tool spindle 13 and the deflection mechanism 45 is bent toward the proximal end side of the tool spindle 13 by the pressing force. The movable coupling 31 moves and stops until it engages with the fixed coupling 33. At this time, the tooth portion 35 of the rotary coupling 32 is pushed by the movable coupling 31 against the restoring force (elastic force) by the deflection mechanism 45, and the same axis L direction as the tooth portion 36 of the fixed coupling 33. It becomes the position. Thereby, the movable coupling 31 meshes with the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33.

  When the fluid pressure supplied to the first fluid pressure chamber 37 detected by the sensor S1 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, the movable coupling 31 is engaged with the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33, that is, the tool spindle. 13 locks are detected. Note that the lock of the tool spindle 13 may be detected when the detection value of the sensor S1 is higher than the detection value of the sensor S2 by a predetermined threshold or more.

  After the lock of the tool spindle 13 is confirmed in this way, a workpiece (not shown) installed on the table 7 of the table device 2 (see FIG. 1) is rotated, and the tool is moved, thereby turning the workpiece. Processing is performed.

  As described above, the tool attachment device 11 according to the first embodiment connects the rotary coupling 32 that can rotate in conjunction with the tool spindle 13, the rotary coupling 32, and the tool spindle 13, and the axis L And a flexible mechanism 45 having flexibility in the direction. When the fluid pressure is supplied, the movable coupling 31 moves in the direction from the distal end side to the proximal end side of the tool spindle 13 so that the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling mechanism are fixed. By engaging with the coupling 33, the tool spindle 13 is locked, and when the movable coupling 31 is detached from the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33, the tool spindle 13 is unlocked.

In the first embodiment, the movable coupling 31 moves toward the proximal end side of the tool spindle 13 and the rotary coupling 32 in which the deflection mechanism 45 is interposed between the tool spindle 13 and the fixed coupling. By engaging with 33, the tool spindle 13 is fixed. At this time, only the restoring force (elastic force) by the bending mechanism 45 acts on the rotary coupling 32 from the movable coupling 31.
Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the tool spindle 13 can be switched between a rotatable state and a fixed state without play with a simple and compact configuration, and the pressing force of the movable coupling 31 can be set. A tool mounting apparatus 11 for a machine tool that can suppress a thrust load on the tool spindle 13 can be provided.

  In the first embodiment, when the movable coupling 31 is detached from the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33, the position of the tooth portion 35 of the rotary coupling 32 in the axis L direction is the position of the fixed coupling 33. It is set to be closer to the movable coupling 31 than the position of the tooth portion 36 in the axial center L direction.

  According to such a configuration, the tooth portion 35 of the rotary coupling 32 is pushed by the movable coupling 31 against the restoring force (elastic force) by the deflection mechanism 45, and the tooth portion 36 of the fixed coupling 33 The position is in the same axis L direction. Therefore, the precision and rigidity of meshing between the movable coupling 31, the rotary coupling 32, and the fixed coupling 33 are increased, and the tool spindle 13 can be reliably fixed without play.

  Further, in the first embodiment, a detection unit 59 that detects engagement or disengagement of the movable coupling 31 with respect to the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33 based on the fluid pressure supplied to the movable coupling 31 is provided. .

  According to such a configuration, it can be determined whether the tool spindle 13 is unlocked or locked based on the fluid pressure supplied to the movable coupling 31, and after checking the state of the tool spindle 13, It is possible to reliably perform an operation according to the type of processing such as rotary processing or turning.

  FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the tool attachment device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The configurations and operations that are the same as or correspond to those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 are assumed to be incorporated in this embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate, and differences will be mainly described.

  In the second embodiment, the movable coupling 31a moves from the proximal end side to the distal end side of the tool spindle 13a and engages with the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a, thereby locking the tool spindle 13a. At this point, the movable coupling 31 moves from the distal end side to the proximal end side of the tool spindle 13 and meshes with the rotary coupling 32 and the fixed coupling 33, whereby the tool spindle 13 is locked. It is different from the form (see FIG. 3).

  As shown in FIG. 6, the front end block 21a attached to the front end side of the support main body 20 includes a first block 22a fixed to the front end surface of the support main body 20 together with an intermediate block 60 described later by a bolt 24a, and a first block An intermediate block 60 fixed in contact with the front end surface of 22a, and a second block 23a fixed on the front end side of the first block 22a with a bolt 25a with the intermediate block 60 interposed therebetween. . A switching mechanism 30a for switching the tool spindle 13a between unlocking and locking is provided in a space formed between the first block 22a, the intermediate block 60, the second block 23a, and the tool spindle 13a.

  The switching mechanism 30a is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the tip of the tool spindle 13a, and includes a movable coupling 31a, a rotary coupling 32a, and a fixed coupling 33a. The rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a have a generally annular plate shape, and a plurality of tooth portions 35a and 36a are formed radially at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction on one surface. The movable coupling 31a has a substantially annular plate shape, and a plurality of tooth portions 34a that can mesh with the tooth portions 35a and 36a of the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a are circularly formed on one surface. They are formed at equiangular intervals in the circumferential direction. In FIG. 6, as in FIG. 3, the upper part of the tool spindle 13 a above the axis L indicates unlock, and the lower part of the tool spindle 13 a below the axis L indicates lock. ing.

  The movable coupling 31a is disposed in a cylinder bore 44a formed in the first block 22a so as to be movable in the direction of the axis L of the tool spindle 13a. A first fluid pressure chamber 37a is formed on the bottom surface side of the cylinder bore 44a of the movable coupling 31a, and a second fluid pressure chamber 38a is formed on the opposite side of the bottom surface side of the cylinder bore 44a of the movable coupling 31a. .

  The first fluid pressure chamber 37a is connected to a fluid pressure source (not shown) via a first path 39a formed in the first block 22a and a first tube 41 connected to the first path 39a. The second fluid pressure chamber 38a is connected to a fluid pressure source (not shown) via a second path 40a formed in the first block 22a and a second tube 42 connected to the second path 40a. It is connected to the. Sensors S1 and S2 for detecting fluid pressures respectively supplied to the first fluid pressure chamber 37a and the second fluid pressure chamber 38a are provided in the middle of the first tube 41 and the second tube 42. A detecting means 59 for detecting meshing or disengagement of the movable coupling 31a with respect to the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a based on the fluid pressure supplied to the movable coupling 31a detected by the sensors S1 and S2 is provided. ing.

  Between the rotary coupling 32a and the tool spindle 13a, a flexure mechanism 45 that connects the rotary coupling 32a and the tool spindle 13a and has flexibility (elasticity) in the direction of the axis L is installed. The deflection mechanism 45 includes a deflection plate 46 having a substantially annular plate shape and an appropriate number of disc springs 47.

  The rotary coupling 32a is fixed to the outer peripheral side of the flexible plate 46 by a bolt 48. The inner peripheral side of the flexible plate 46 is on the base side of the flange 50 projecting outward from the outer peripheral surface of the tool spindle 13a. It is fixed with bolts 49. Thereby, the rotary coupling 32a can be rotated in conjunction with the tool spindle 13a. An annular recess 51 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the flange 50, and the disc spring 47 is accommodated in the recess 51.

  In addition, a pressing member 52 having an annular plate shape is fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the tool spindle 13 a and disposed at a position facing the flange 50.

  The pressing member 52 presses the rotary coupling 32a toward the flange 50 against the restoring force (elastic force) of the flexible plate 46 and the disc spring 47, and is in contact with the stepped portion 54 formed on the tool spindle 13a. Thus, the nut member 53 is positioned and fixed.

  The fixed coupling 33a is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the rotary coupling 32a, and is sandwiched between the intermediate block 60 and the second block 23a of the tool spindle holder 14a and fixed by bolts 25a.

  In the tool attachment device 11a, when fluid pressure is supplied to the first fluid pressure chamber 37a, the movable coupling 31a moves from the proximal end side to the distal end side of the tool spindle 13a, and the rotary coupling 32a and When the fluid pressure is supplied to the second fluid pressure chamber 38a while meshing with the fixed coupling 33a, the movable coupling 31a moves from the distal end side to the proximal end side of the tool spindle 13a, so that the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a.

  In the unlocked state (shown in the upper part of FIG. 6), the position of the tooth portion 35a of the rotary coupling 32a in the axial center L direction is more than the position of the tooth portion 36a of the fixed coupling 33a in the axial center L direction. It is set so as to be close to the movable coupling 31a by a predetermined distance (in FIG. 6, it is drawn at the same position). Therefore, when the movable coupling 31a meshes with the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a, the movable coupling 31a first comes into contact with the rotary coupling 32a and then comes into contact with the fixed coupling 33a. Yes.

Next, with reference to FIG. 6, the operation of the tool mounting device 11a of the machine tool configured as described above will be described.
When a rotary machining tool (not shown) is mounted on the tip of the tool spindle 13a to perform rotary machining, a fluid pressure source (not shown) passes through the second tube 42 and the second path 40a. The fluid pressure is supplied to the second fluid pressure chamber 38a.

  When fluid pressure is supplied to the second fluid pressure chamber 38a, the movable coupling 31a is directed from the distal end side to the proximal end side of the tool spindle 13a toward the opposite side of the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a. Moving. On the other hand, the fluid in the first fluid pressure chamber 37 a is discharged through the first path 39 a and the first tube 41. As a result, the movable coupling 31a is detached from the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a.

  When the fluid pressure supplied to the second fluid pressure chamber 38a detected by the sensor S2 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, the movable coupling 31a is detached from the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a, that is, the tool spindle. An unlock of 13a is detected. Note that the unlocking of the tool spindle 13a may be detected when the detection value of the sensor S2 is higher than the detection value of the sensor S1 by a predetermined threshold or more.

  Thus, after the unlocking of the tool spindle 13a is confirmed, the operation start of the drive source 12 (see FIG. 2) is permitted. Then, the rotational driving force from the drive source 12 is transmitted to the tool spindle 13a, and rotational processing is performed on a workpiece (not shown) installed on the table 7 of the table device 2 (see FIG. 1).

  On the other hand, when a turning tool (not shown) is mounted on the tip of the tool spindle 13a to perform turning, first, the tool spindle 13a is stopped at an angular position where the tool spindle 13a is fixed by spindle orientation. Subsequently, fluid pressure is supplied from a fluid pressure source (not shown) to the first fluid pressure chamber 37a via the first tube 41 and the first path 39a.

  When fluid pressure is supplied to the first fluid pressure chamber 37a, the movable coupling 31a moves from the proximal end side to the distal end side of the tool spindle 13a toward the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a. To do. On the other hand, the fluid in the second fluid pressure chamber 38 a is discharged through the second path 40 a and the second tube 42.

  The movable coupling 31a moves toward the tip side of the tool spindle 13a, and meshes with the rotary coupling 32a in which the deflection mechanism 45 is interposed between the movable spindle 31a and the fixed coupling 33a. The tool spindle 13a is fixed.

  At this time, only the restoring force (elastic force) by the deflection mechanism 45 acts on the rotary coupling 32a from the movable coupling 31a.

  Here, since the position of the tooth portion 35a of the rotary coupling 32a is set closer to the movable coupling 31a than the position of the tooth portion 36a of the fixed coupling 33a, the movable coupling 31a is first connected to the rotary coupling 32a. The rotary coupling 32a is pressed in the direction toward the distal end side of the tool spindle 13a, and the deflection mechanism 45 is deflected toward the distal end side of the tool spindle 13a. Then, the movable coupling 31a moves and stops until it engages with the fixed coupling 33a. At this time, the tooth portion 35a of the rotary coupling 32a is pushed by the movable coupling 31a against the restoring force (elastic force) by the flexure mechanism 45, and the same axis L direction as the tooth portion 36a of the fixed coupling 33a. It becomes the position. Thereby, the movable coupling 31a meshes with the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a.

  When the fluid pressure supplied to the first fluid pressure chamber 37a detected by the sensor S1 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, the movable coupling 31a is engaged with the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a, that is, the tool spindle. The lock 13a is detected. In addition, when the detection value of the sensor S1 is higher than the detection value of the sensor S2 by a predetermined threshold value or more, the lock of the tool spindle 13a may be detected.

  After the lock of the tool spindle 13a is confirmed in this way, a workpiece (not shown) installed on the table 7 of the table device 2 (see FIG. 1) is rotated, and the tool is moved to turn the workpiece. Processing is performed.

  As described above, the tool attachment device 11a according to the second embodiment connects the rotary coupling 32a that can rotate in conjunction with the tool spindle 13a, the rotary coupling 32a, and the tool spindle 13a, and an axis L. A flexible mechanism 45 having flexibility in the direction, and the movable coupling 31a is moved from the proximal end side to the distal end side of the tool spindle 13a by the supply of fluid pressure, and is fixed to the rotary coupling 32a. By engaging with the coupling 33a, the tool spindle 13a is locked, and when the movable coupling 31a is detached from the rotary coupling 32a and the fixed coupling 33a, the tool spindle 13a is unlocked.

In the second embodiment, the movable coupling 31a moves toward the tip side of the tool spindle 13a, and the rotary coupling 32a in which the deflection mechanism 45 is interposed between the tool spindle 13a and the fixed coupling 33a. And the tool spindle 13a is fixed. At this time, only the restoring force (elastic force) by the deflection mechanism 45 acts on the rotary coupling 32a from the movable coupling 31a.
Therefore, according to the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the tool spindle 13a can be switched between a rotatable state and a fixed state without play with a simple and compact configuration, and is movable. A tool mounting device 11a for a machine tool that can suppress a thrust load on the tool spindle 13a due to the pressing force of the coupling 31a can be provided. Other functions and effects are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated based on embodiment, this invention is not limited to the structure described in each said embodiment, The structure described in each said embodiment is combined thru | or selected suitably. In the range which does not deviate from the meaning, the structure can be changed suitably.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the tool attachment device according to the present invention is applied to a vertical machine tool has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, to a horizontal machine tool. Applicable. In addition, the present invention provides, for example, a composite machine tool in which a spindle head and a tailstock for rotating the workpiece on the bed are installed, and the tool spindle is configured to be rotatable around an axis perpendicular to the axis. It can also be applied to various machine tools.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the tool spindle is locked when the turning tool is mounted on the tip of the tool spindle to perform turning has been described. When the slotter tool is mounted on the tip of the tool spindle to perform grooving, the present invention can also be applied to the case where the tool spindle is locked.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the movable coupling is configured to retreat toward the opposite side of the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling by supplying fluid pressure. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the movable coupling may be configured to retreat toward the opposite side of the rotary coupling and the stationary coupling by a return spring or by a fluid pressure supply and a return spring.

  Moreover, although the case where the fluid pressure supplied to the movable coupling is an air pressure is illustrated in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be, for example, an oil pressure.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Machine tool 11, 11a Tool mounting device 13, 13a Tool spindle 14, 14a Tool spindle holder 31, 31a Movable coupling 32, 32a Rotating coupling 33, 33a Fixed coupling 34, 35, 36, 34a, 35a, 36a Teeth 45 Deflection mechanism 59 Detection means L Axis center T Tool

Claims (4)

A tool mounting device of a machine tool that can be set by switching a tool spindle on which a tool is detachably mounted between a rotatable state and a fixed state around the tool spindle,
A movable coupling that is disposed on the outer periphery side of the tool spindle in a tool spindle holder that is disposed on the inner side, and is movable in the axial direction of the tool spindle in the tool spindle holder by supplying fluid pressure; ,
A rotary coupling rotatable in conjunction with the tool spindle;
A fixed coupling disposed on the outer peripheral side of the rotary coupling and fixed to the tool spindle holder;
A flexible mechanism that connects the rotary coupling and the tool spindle and has flexibility in the axial direction;
Each of the movable coupling, the rotary coupling, and the fixed coupling has a plurality of teeth.
When the fluid pressure is supplied, the movable coupling moves from the tip side of the tool spindle, which is the side where the tool is mounted, to the base end side of the tool spindle, so that the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling are moved. By engaging, the tool spindle is in the fixed state, and the movable coupling is detached from the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling, so that the tool spindle is in the rotatable state. A tool mounting device for machine tools. A tool mounting device of a machine tool that can be set by switching a tool spindle on which a tool is detachably mounted between a rotatable state and a fixed state around the tool spindle,
A movable coupling that is disposed on the outer periphery side of the tool spindle in a tool spindle holder that is disposed on the inner side, and is movable in the axial direction of the tool spindle in the tool spindle holder by supplying fluid pressure; ,
A rotary coupling rotatable in conjunction with the tool spindle;
A fixed coupling disposed on the outer peripheral side of the rotary coupling and fixed to the tool spindle holder;
A flexible mechanism that connects the rotary coupling and the tool spindle and has flexibility in the axial direction;
Each of the movable coupling, the rotary coupling, and the fixed coupling has a plurality of teeth.
When the fluid pressure is supplied, the movable coupling moves from the base end side of the tool spindle opposite to the side where the tool is mounted to the tip side of the tool spindle, so that the rotary coupling and the fixed By engaging with a coupling, the tool spindle is fixed, and when the movable coupling is detached from the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling, the tool spindle is rotated. A tool mounting device for a machine tool.   In a state where the movable coupling is detached from the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling, the position of the tooth portion of the rotary coupling in the axial direction is the position of the tooth portion of the fixed coupling in the axial direction. The tool mounting device for a machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tool mounting device is set so as to be closer to the movable coupling than the movable coupling.   The detection means for detecting engagement or disengagement of the movable coupling with respect to the rotary coupling and the fixed coupling based on a fluid pressure supplied to the movable coupling. The tool mounting apparatus for a machine tool according to any one of 3.

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