JP5313533B2 - Spindle unit to which both tool spindle and chuck spindle can be mounted - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a spindle unit allowing both a spindle for a tool and a spindle for a chuck to be attached thereto. <P>SOLUTION: This spindle unit 7 includes a spindle tube 71, a built-in motor 72, and a rotating cylinder 83. Both the spindle 91 for a tool and the spindle for a chuck are attachable to the spindle tube 71. Both the shaft of the spindle for a tool and the shaft of the spindle for a chuck are rotatively driven by the built-in motor 72. Both a push rod and a draw bar are pushed and pulled by the rotating cylinder 83. Also, the spindle unit 7a having the spindle 91 for a tool is used in a machining center, and the spindle unit having the spindle 92 for a chuck and the chuck is used in a lathe, a grinding machine, and a combined machine tool. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a spindle unit configured so that both a tool spindle and a chuck spindle can be attached, and a machine tool having such a spindle unit.
Here, the chuck attached to the chuck spindle has a part that slides in the axial direction (hereinafter, simply referred to as “slide part”), and the jaw is slid inward or outward by sliding the slide part. Have.

There has been an invention of a spindle unit to which a tool spindle is attached (for example, see Patent Document 1). Such a spindle unit is used only for the purpose of grasping a tool and rotationally driving the tool, but not for the purpose of holding a workpiece.
There has also been an invention of a spindle unit to which a chuck spindle is attached (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Such a spindle unit is used only for holding a workpiece and rotationally driving the workpiece, and is not used for holding a tool.
This is because, in the prior art, for example, there is a fixed concept that a workpiece is attached to the main spindle of a lathe and a tool is grasped on the main spindle of a milling machine, and a main spindle unit is manufactured according to each application.
However, in the case of the conventional technology in which a dedicated spindle unit is designed and manufactured according to the purpose and application of the machine, the work in the design and manufacturing process of the machine tool is complicated, and the work burden and cost burden due to the diversification of parts are incurred. There was an oversized problem.
Also, in a factory where a plurality of machines having differently configured spindle units are installed and machined to produce machined parts, it is necessary to prepare spare parts for each different spindle unit, resulting in an excessive management burden. There was a problem.
In addition, when a machine tool that was previously used as a milling machine is to be used as a lathe, or a machine tool that has been used as a lathe is to be used as a milling machine, it can be easily remodeled when it is desired to change the application of the machine. There was a problem that the applicability of machine tools remained low.
JP 2001-87910 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-43904

  The present invention has been made to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and its object is to reduce the work burden in the design and manufacturing process of the machine tool and the management burden in the use process of the machine tool. In order to further enhance the applicability of machine tools, it is an object of the present invention to provide a spindle unit to which both a tool spindle and a chuck spindle can be attached.

A spindle unit including a spindle case, a motor, a rotating cylinder, and the like is configured such that any spindle, whether a tool spindle or a chuck spindle, can be attached to the spindle case.
In both cases where the tool spindle is attached and the chuck spindle is attached, the shaft of the tool spindle or the axis of the chuck spindle can be rotationally driven by the same motor.
Further, the tool spindle push rod or the chuck cylinder draw bar can be pushed and pulled by the same rotating cylinder in both cases where the tool spindle is attached and the chuck spindle is attached.

Since a spindle unit to which both the tool spindle and the chuck spindle can be attached was obtained, the operations in designing and manufacturing various types of machine tools could be simplified.
Moreover, since many types of machine tools having such a spindle unit could be obtained, the management burden in the process of using the machine tools could be reduced.
In addition, when it is desired to change the application of the machine, such as when the lathe is used as a milling machine, it is possible to easily modify the machine and to obtain a machine tool with high applicability.

A spindle unit including a spindle case, a spindle, a motor for rotating the spindle axis, and a rotary cylinder is provided.
Then, by making the part contacting the spindle case and the part attached to the spindle case the same size, the tool spindle and the chuck spindle can be attached to the same spindle case.
Further, the tool spindle has a push rod provided through the center of the shaft, and the tool is grasped by pulling the push rod, and the tool is opened by pushing the push rod.
On the other hand, the chuck spindle has a draw bar provided through the center of its axis. By pushing and pulling the draw bar and sliding the slide parts of the chuck, the jaw is slid inward and outward to hold and release the workpiece. The configuration is as follows.
When the tool spindle is attached, the shaft of the tool spindle can be rotationally driven by a motor, and the push rod of the tool spindle can be pushed and pulled by a rotating cylinder.
When the chuck spindle is attached, the chuck spindle shaft can be rotated by a motor, and the chuck spindle draw bar can be pushed and pulled by a rotating cylinder.
In the configuration in which the spindle shaft is driven by the same motor, pulleys are attached to both the spindle shaft and the shaft that is rotationally driven by the motor, and the pulleys are connected by a belt to transmit the driving force of the motor to the spindle shaft. And a configuration in which a shaft that is rotationally driven by a motor is directly connected to the shaft of the spindle.
In addition, the push rod and the draw bar are pushed and pulled by the same rotating cylinder. A dedicated connecting draw bar for connecting the push rod and the rotating cylinder and a dedicated connecting draw bar for connecting the draw bar and the rotating cylinder are provided. Although there is a configuration in which each is provided individually, it is preferable that the same connected draw bar be configured to be usable.
Further, it is preferable that a rotary joint is attached to the rotary cylinder, a hole is made in the center of a connecting draw bar that connects the rotary cylinder and the push rod, and compressed air or coolant water is supplied to the push rod of the tool spindle. .
On the other hand, since it is not necessary to supply compressed air or coolant water to the chuck spindle, it is not necessary to make a hole in the center of the connected drawbar, but using the same connected drawbar reduces the number of parts used. It is preferable from the viewpoint.

In the spindle unit, it is preferable that the spindle case is a cylindrical spindle having a cylindrical shape, and both the tool spindle and the chuck spindle can be attached to one end of the spindle cylinder. When the spindle case is a cylindrical cylinder having a cylindrical shape, the cylindrical shape is preferably a cylindrical shape, but even a polygonal shape is not a problem.
Also, a built-in motor attached in the vicinity of the other end of the main barrel, a connecting shaft that is rotationally driven by the built-in motor and has a hollow portion, and the connecting shaft outside the other end of the main barrel It is preferable that the spindle unit is composed of a rotating cylinder attached via a cylinder base.
Then, a connecting draw bar is attached by passing through the hollow portion of the connecting shaft, and the push rod of the tool spindle or the draw bar of the chuck spindle and the rotating cylinder are connected via the connecting draw bar.
Further, a connecting ring is attached to each of the tool spindle shaft and the chuck spindle shaft, and the same connection is possible regardless of whether the connecting ring is attached to the tool spindle shaft or the chuck spindle shaft. It is preferable that the spindle unit is configured to be connectable to the shaft.
The connection shaft is driven to rotate by a built-in motor, and both the connection ring attached to the shaft of the tool spindle and the connection ring attached to the shaft of the chuck spindle are driven to rotate through the same connection shaft. is there.
At this time, it is preferable that the connecting ring attached to the shaft of the tool spindle and the shaft of the chuck spindle is a common connecting ring. However, if difficult, the connecting parts with the connecting shaft are made the same size as different connecting rings. It is also preferable.

In the spindle unit, a connecting shaft B having a hollow portion is connected to a connecting shaft A that is rotationally driven by a built-in motor, and a connecting ring attached to a shaft of a tool spindle or a connecting ring attached to a shaft of a chuck spindle. In any case, it is preferable that the connecting shaft B can be connected.
Furthermore, a connecting drawbar is attached by penetrating the hollow parts of both the connecting shaft A and the connecting shaft B, and the push rod of the tool spindle or the drawbar of the chuck spindle and the rotary cylinder can be connected via the connecting drawbar. It is preferable to configure.
A connection shaft B is provided between a connection shaft A that is directly driven by a built-in motor and a connection ring attached to the spindle, and one end of the connection shaft B is adapted to the shape of the end of the connection shaft A. By adapting the other end of this to the shape of the connecting ring, the shape of the connecting shaft A and the connecting ring and the method of assembling can be selected.
Further, it is preferable that both the spindle of the tool spindle and the spindle of the chuck spindle be a spindle unit to which the same connecting ring is attached.
It is possible to use the same connecting ring by aligning the mounting positions of the connecting ring with respect to both the axis of the tool spindle and the axis of the chuck spindle and making the diameters of both shafts the same. This is because it is possible to further share the components used in this way.
Furthermore, both the push rod and the rotating cylinder when the tool spindle is installed, and the draw bar and the rotating cylinder when the chuck spindle is installed can be connected using the same connecting draw bar. The main spindle unit is preferable.
This is because the same connecting drawbar can be used by configuring the connecting portion of the push rod with respect to the connecting drawbar and the position and dimensional relationship of the connecting portion of the drawbar with respect to the connecting drawbar.

It is preferable to provide a spindle unit that is configured such that a screw A and a screw B are provided on the connecting draw bar, the screw A is connected to the push rod of the tool spindle, and the screw B is connected to the draw bar of the chuck spindle.
If the screw of the connecting part of the push rod to the connecting draw bar and the screw of the connecting part of the draw bar to the connecting draw bar cannot be configured identically, use the same connecting draw bar by using the connecting draw bar with the corresponding screw respectively. Because it becomes possible.
Further, it is preferable that the connecting shaft that transmits the driving force of the motor to the shaft of the spindle is a main shaft unit that is a connecting shaft having a recess in a portion connected to the connecting ring.
A configuration suitable for avoiding interference with the spindle axis and the like by providing a recess in the connection shaft and bolting the connection shaft and the connection ring using the step surface between the outer periphery of the recess and the outer periphery other than the recess. It is what.
Further, the structure in which the connecting shaft A and the connecting shaft B are connected is a spindle unit in which a concave portion is provided in one shaft, a mechanical lock is inserted into the concave portion, and an end of the other shaft is inserted into the hollow portion of the mechanical lock. It is preferable.
Between the spindle unit having a tool spindle and the spindle unit having a chuck spindle, the former is made to be the latter, or the latter is made to be easier to reassemble.
A machine tool having any of the spindle units described above. Both a machine tool in which the spindle unit is configured vertically and a machine tool in which the spindle unit is configured horizontally are conceivable, and any machine tool is preferable. Just as a lathe, grinding machine and milling machine with a spindle unit horizontal are useful, a lathe, grinding machine and milling machine with a spindle unit vertical are also useful.
In the above machine tool, a CNC machine tool provided with a moving mechanism for moving the spindle unit in any one of the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, any two-axis direction, or three-axis direction. It is preferable that It is possible to change the positional relationship and moving relationship between the workpiece and the tool in various ways by numerically controlling the movement in each axial direction by moving the spindle unit in the 1st to 3rd axis directions. This is because a relative feeding motion and a cutting motion between the tool and the tool can be freely given.

In the above-described machine tool, it is preferable that the spindle case or the like has a cylindrical outer surface, and the spindle unit is guided in the spindle axis direction by a static pressure guide and a clamp static pressure guide that are mounted apart from each other. .
Both the hydrostatic guide and the clamp hydrostatic guide have a bearing part, and a sliding surface is provided between the outer surface of the main spindle case and the bearing part, and the lubricating oil is forced to flow through the bearing part, so that the spindle axis In the cross-sectional view seen from the direction, the entire circumference of the spindle case or the like is guided.
The bearing portions of the static pressure guide and the clamp static pressure guide are preferably divided into a plurality of chambers in a cross-sectional view as viewed from the main shaft axis direction. For example, it is most preferable to provide a plurality of dam portions with a small gap between the main shaft case and the like to divide the bearing portion evenly and supply the lubricating oil to the respective chambers of the divided bearing portions via the throttle circuits.
The structure that guides most of the entire circumference of the spindle case, etc. in the cross-sectional view seen from the spindle axis direction is the spindle unit's own weight, inertial force that is applied when starting and stopping, and between the tool and workpiece This is because a load such as a reaction force due to a cutting force or a grinding force generated in the load is uniformly and evenly applied to a structure such as a frame holding the guide.
The clamp hydrostatic guide is provided with a clamp ring having a wedge portion and an oil reservoir having a V-shaped cross section with an inclined outer surface, and a piston having an inclined inner surface, a pressure receiving surface, and a pressing surface. And Preferably Rukoto forming strain cheap structure on the inside by receiving a force from the outside provided with a plurality of slits in the wedge.
The oil reservoir is preferably divided into a plurality of chambers in a cross-sectional view as viewed from the main shaft axis direction.For example, a plurality of weir portions with a small gap between the main shaft case and the like are provided and divided equally. A configuration in which lubricating oil is supplied to each chamber of the divided oil reservoir is most preferable.
The pressure receiving surface is smaller in area than the pressing surface, and the piston moves to the clamp ring side when the same lubricating oil pressure is applied simultaneously to the pressure receiving surface and the pressing surface. Then, the lubricating oil is supplied to the pressure receiving surface side, and the lubricating oil is supplied to the pressing surface side via the direction control valve. When the lubricating oil is not supplied to the pressing surface side, the pressure receiving surface is pushed by the lubricating oil and the piston Be away from the clamp ring.
When the directional control valve is switched and lubricating oil is supplied to the pressing surface side, the piston is pressed toward the clamp ring, and the inclined inner surface presses the wedge of the clamp ring so that the clamp ring is slightly distorted. The CNC machine tool is configured as follows. This is because it is possible to guide the spindle unit while maintaining the centripetality higher than before by distorting the clamp ring uniformly inward.
In the above-described machine tool, it is preferable that the machining center has a tool spindle attached to the spindle unit and a tool magazine attached. This is because by attaching the tool magazine, it is possible to perform processing using various types of tools stored in the tool magazine.
In the above-described machine tool, a chuck spindle is attached to the spindle unit, a chuck is attached to the chuck spindle, and a space in which a workpiece held by the chuck moves is defined as a processing space, and a cutting tool or a grinding tool is provided in any of the processing sections. Or it is preferable to set it as the CNC machine tool which attached both the cutting tool and the grinding tool.
While holding the workpiece by the spindle unit, by attaching one or more tools to any of the working space in which workpieces are moved by moving the spindle unit, the workpiece relative to the tool by moving the spindle unit This is because it is possible to give a feeding motion and a cutting motion to the workpiece to process the workpiece.

A first embodiment of a vertically configured spindle unit will be described with reference to FIGS. The spindle unit 7 a includes a cylindrical cylinder 71, a built-in motor 72 attached to the upper inside of the spindle cylinder 71, a connecting shaft A 73, a connecting shaft B 74, and a tool spindle 91 attached below the spindle cylinder 71. The rotary cylinder 83 and the rotation detection unit 80 are provided outside the spindle cylinder 71.
The built-in motor 72 has a stator 72b and a rotor 72c housed in a cartridge case 72a, and is configured to rotationally drive a connecting shaft A73 having a hollow portion 73b attached to the inside of the rotor 72c. Then, the connecting shaft A73 was rotatably held by the bearing 72d in the bearing case 72e attached to the lower side of the cartridge case 72a and the bearing 72g in the bearing case 72f attached to the upper side of the cartridge case 72a. Further, on the upper side of the bearing case 72f, the rotation detection unit 80 and the cylinder base 82 are attached to the connecting shaft A73, and the nut 82a is tightened and fixed.
After attaching the connecting ring 76 and the key 76a to the shaft 91b of the tool spindle 91 and tightening and fixing the nut 77, and fixing the female screw A84a of the connecting draw bar 84 having the hole 84d to the male screw 91d of the push rod 91c. The lower end portion of the connecting shaft B74 is attached to the connecting ring 76. The connecting shaft B74 has a hollow portion 74e, an upper concave portion 74a, and a lower concave portion 74b. The outer periphery of the upper concave portion 74a and the outer periphery of the lower concave portion 74b are thick, and the outer periphery of the central portion 74c is thin. A bolt 74d is inserted from a step surface 74f between the outer periphery of the lower recess 74b and the connecting shaft B74 is connected to the connecting ring 76. At this time, the upper portion of the shaft 91b and the nut 77 are accommodated in the lower recess 74b.

After inserting the mechanical lock 75 in the upper concave portion 74a of the connecting shaft B74, the tool spindle 91 is inserted into the main cylinder 71 from below while passing the connecting draw bar 84 through the hollow portion 73b of the connecting shaft A. A flange 91a is attached to the lower end of the spindle cylinder 71 by bolting. With the lower end portion 73a of the connecting shaft A inserted into the hollow portion 75b of the mechanical lock in the upper concave portion 74a of the connecting shaft B, a hand is inserted through the work hole 71a of the spindle cylinder 71 and the bolt 75a of the mechanical lock is tightened. The lower end 73a of the connecting shaft A and the upper recess 74a of the connecting shaft B are connected.
Further, the male screw 84c at the upper end of the connecting draw bar 84 is inserted into the female screw of the rotary cylinder 83 and fastened, and the rotary cylinder 83 is attached to the cylinder base 82. Further, the rotary joint 81 is attached to the rotary cylinder 83, and compressed air piping is provided. Went.
In the spindle unit 7a of the first embodiment, the rotational force of the built-in motor 72 is such that the connecting shaft A73
The shaft 91b of the tool spindle is rotated through the mechanical lock 75, the connecting shaft B74, and the connecting ring 76, and the push / pull force of the rotating cylinder 83 pushes and pulls the push rod 91c of the tool spindle through the connecting draw bar 84, Open and grasp the pull stat of the tool 95. The compressed air supplied to the rotary joint 81 is supplied to the push rod 91c through the hole 84d of the connecting draw bar. Further, the compressed air is ejected to the tapered hole of the shaft 91b through the hole in the center of the push rod, and dust such as a facet is prevented from adhering to the tapered hole for grasping the tool.

A second embodiment of a vertically configured spindle unit will be described with reference to FIGS. The spindle unit 7b differs from the spindle unit 7a of the first embodiment in that a chuck spindle 92 is attached instead of the tool spindle 91. Only the differences from Example 1 are described below, avoiding duplicate descriptions.
The connecting ring 76 and the key 76a are attached to the shaft 92b of the chuck spindle 92 by fastening the nut 77, and the male screw 92d of the draw bar 92c is fastened by fixing the female screw B84b of the connecting draw bar 84, and then connected to the connecting ring 76. Attach the lower end of the shaft B74. At this time, the upper portion of the shaft 92b and the nut 77 are accommodated in the lower recess 74b.
After inserting the mechanical lock 75 in the upper concave portion 74a of the connecting shaft B74, the chucking spindle 92 is inserted into the spindle cylinder 71 from below while passing the connecting draw bar 84 through the hollow portion 73b of the connecting shaft A. A flange 92a is attached to the lower end of the spindle cylinder 71 by bolting .
The Chi jack spindle 92 for holding a workpiece 96b attached to the chuck 78. At this time, the slide part of the chuck 78 is connected to the draw bar 92c using a bolt.
In the spindle unit 7b of the second embodiment, the rotational force of the built-in motor 72 is such that the connecting shaft A73 is
The chuck spindle shaft 92 b is rotated via the mechanical lock 75, the connecting shaft B 74 and the connecting ring 76, and the pulling force of the rotary cylinder 83 pushes and pulls the chuck spindle draw bar 92 c via the connecting draw bar 84.

A third embodiment of the basic configuration of the machine tool will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 4 to 6. The fixed base 9 is supported by a bed 8 having a chip collecting portion 8a, a support wall 10 including a support column 10a and a support wall 10b provided on the bed 8, and a large opening 10c is provided in two opposing support walls 10b. This was used as an opening for loading and unloading workpieces.
The fixed base 9 includes two Y holding portions 9a parallel to each other, a Y connecting portion 9c that connects the two Y holding portions 9a, and a Y drive holding portion 9d that holds the Y-axis drive mechanism 2. A space between the two Y holding portions 9a is defined as a first opening 9b.
On the fixed base 9, the Y-axis moving mechanism 1 constituted by the Y-axis rail 11, the Y linear bearing 12, the X-axis base 14, the Y-axis drive mechanism 2 and the like is attached. The Y-axis rail 11 is mounted on the two Y holding portions 9a in parallel with the Y axis, and the Y fixed support 24 and the Y servo motor 21 of the Y-axis drive mechanism 2 are mounted on the Y drive holding portion 9d. Further, the Y support support 23 is attached on the Y connecting portion 9c, and the Y ball screw 22 is previously attached to the Y ball screw 22, and the Y ball screw 22 is held by the Y fixing support 24 and the Y support support 23. .
The X-axis base 14 includes two X holding portions 14a that are parallel to each other, two X connecting portions 14c that connect the two X holding portions 14a, and an X-drive holding portion 14d that holds the X-axis drive mechanism 4. The X support holding part 14e is further composed of a Y nut holding part 14f, and the second opening 14b is formed between the two X holding parts 14a. Then, four Y linear bearings 12 assembled to the Y-axis rail 11 were attached to the lower surface of the four corners of the X-axis base 14, and the Y nut was fixedly attached to the lower surface of the Y nut holding portion 14f.

An X-axis moving mechanism 3 including an X-axis rail 31, an X linear bearing 32, a Z-axis base 33, an X-axis drive mechanism 4 and the like is attached on the X-axis base 14. First, the X-axis rail 31 is mounted on the two X holding portions 14a of the X-axis base 14 in parallel with the X axis, and the X fixed support 44 of the X axis drive mechanism 4 and the X servo motor are attached to the X drive holding portion 14d. 41, the X support support 43 was attached to the X support holding portion 14e, and the X nut 42a was previously attached to the X ball screw 42, and the X ball support 42 was held by the X fixing support 44 and the X support support 43.
The Z-axis base 33 includes an upper frame 33a, a lower frame 33b, an upper and lower connecting portion 33c, and a Z-rail receiving portion 33d, and four X linear bearings 32 assembled to the X-axis rail 31 are attached to the lower surface of the lower frame 33b. The X nut 42a was attached to the upper and lower connecting portion 33c.
Further, a Z-axis moving mechanism 5 constituted by a Z-axis rail 51, a Z linear bearing 52, a static pressure guide 53, a clamp static pressure guide 19, a Z-axis drive mechanism 6 and the like is attached to the Z-axis base 33.
Install the Z stationary support 63 and the Z servo motor 61 on the upper side of the upper frame 3 3a, it is attached to a bearing to the lower frame 33b and Z support support 64, in a state of attaching the Z nut 62a in advance in the Z ball screw 62 The Z ball screw 62 is held by the Z fixing support 63 and the Z support support 64.
The Z-axis rail 51 was attached to the Z-rail receiving portion 33d in parallel with the Z-axis, the Z-linear bearing 52 was attached to the Z-axis rail 51, and the Z-linear bearing 52 and the Z-nut 62a were connected by the connecting portion 62b. Further, the main shaft cylinder 71 of the main shaft unit 7 and the Z nut 62 a are connected by a main shaft connecting portion 65. The reason why the Z-axis rail 51 is attached is to prevent the horizontal force applied by the Z servo motor 61 from reaching the spindle unit 7.
Further, the static pressure guide 53 is attached to the upper frame 33a, and the clamp static pressure guide 19 is attached to the lower frame 33b.
The hydrostatic guide 53 has a bearing portion 53a composed of four chambers equally divided in a cross-sectional view as viewed from the main shaft axis direction by providing the weir portion 53c. It has a recovery groove 53b and an O-ring 53d, and supplies a lubricating oil having a pressure of 2 megapascals to a bearing portion 53a consisting of four chambers through a throttle circuit by a hydraulic supply device, passes through a weir portion 53c, The lowered lubricating oil is discharged from the recovery groove 53b, and a large portion of the entire circumference of the spindle unit 7 is guided in a cross-sectional view as viewed from the spindle axis direction, with a sliding surface between the bearing portion 53a and the outer surface of the spindle cylinder 71. It was set as the structure to do.

The clamp static pressure guide 19 includes a case 54 having a bearing portion 54a composed of four chambers that are equally divided in a cross-sectional view as viewed from the main shaft axis direction by providing a weir portion 54c, and a clamp ring attached to the case 54 55, a cover 57, and a piston 56 provided in a space between the clamp ring 55 and the cover 57, and the piston 56 is attached to be slidable in the Z-axis direction that is the main axis direction.
Weirs 54c and recovery grooves 54b are provided on both upper and lower sides of the bearing portion 54a of the case 54, and an O-ring 54d is provided on the upper recovery groove 54b. Are supplied to the bearing portions 54a each consisting of four chambers, and the lubricating oil whose pressure has dropped through the weir portions 54c is discharged from the recovery grooves 54b, and a sliding surface is formed between the bearing portions 54a and the outer surface of the spindle cylinder 71. As a configuration, a large part of the entire circumference of the spindle unit 7 is guided in a cross-sectional view as viewed from the spindle axis direction.
The clamp ring 55 has a wedge portion 55d having an inclined surface, an oil reservoir portion 55a, a weir portion 55c provided above and below the oil reservoir portion 55a, and an outer peripheral surface 55e attached with an O-ring 55f. The wedge portion 55d is provided with eight slits 55h so that the wedge portion 55d is equally divided into eight parts, and the weir portion 55c is provided to divide the oil reservoir portion 55a into four chambers, and a supply hole 55g is provided for lubricating oil. A recovery hole 55b that supplies the oil reservoir 55a, passes through the lower weir portion 55c of the wedge portion 55d, and discharges the lubricating oil whose pressure has decreased is provided.
The cover 57 has a three-step inner surface including an outer inner surface 57a, an inner inner surface 57b, and an inner surface 57c. An O-ring 57e is attached to the inner inner surface 57b, and a dust seal 57d is attached to the inner surface 57c. An introduction hole 57f for introducing lubricating oil was provided on the step surface with respect to the inner inner surface 57b, and lubricating oil having a pressure of 2 megapascals was supplied to the introduction hole 57f via a directional control valve.
The piston 56 has an O-ring 56g on the large outer surface 56b, an upper surface between the large outer surface 56b and the large inner surface 56c is a pressure receiving surface 56a, an inner surface 56d has an O-ring 56h, and the large inner surface 56c. An inclined inner surface 56e is provided between the inner surface 56d and the lower surface between the large outer surface 56b and the middle outer surface 56j as a pressing surface 56f, and the pressing surface 56f has a larger area than the pressure receiving surface 56a.
When the spindle unit 7 is moved in the Z-axis direction at high speed, the direction control valve is switched so that no lubricating oil is supplied to the introduction hole 57f, and the bearing portion 53a of the hydrostatic guide 53 and the clamp hydrostatic guide 19 Lubricating oil is fed to the bearing portion 54a of the case 54, and a sliding surface is provided between the outer surface of the main shaft cylinder 71 and the bearing portions 53a and 54a, and most of the entire circumference of the main shaft unit 7 in a cross-sectional view viewed from the main shaft axis direction. To guide. At this time, the lubricating oil fills the oil reservoir 55a through the supply hole 55g.
When the spindle unit 7 is moved in the Z-axis direction at a low speed and stopped, the direction control valve is switched to supply lubricating oil to the introduction hole 57f. Since the pressing surface 56f has a larger area than the pressure receiving surface 56a, the piston 56 rises and pushes the wedge portion 55d of the clamp ring 55 by the inclined inner surface 56e. The wedge portion 55d pushed by the inclined inner surface 56e of the piston 56 is elastically deformed and uniformly distorted inward, and the inner diameter of the wedge portion 55d is slightly reduced, so that the spindle unit 7 is guided with high centripetal accuracy.
When the spindle unit 7 is again moved at high speed in the Z-axis direction, the direction control valve is switched so that the lubricating oil is not supplied to the introduction hole 57f. Since the pressure of the lubricating oil is applied to the pressure receiving surface 56a of the piston 56, the piston 56 is lowered and separated from the clamp ring 55, and at the same time, the lubricating oil in the oil reservoir 55a exerts a force to push back the wedge 55d from the inside. Thus, the wedge portion 55d that has been elastically deformed returns to a state without distortion.

In the third embodiment, since the Z ball screw 62 is rotationally driven by the Z servo motor 61 and the Z nut 62a moves in the reciprocating direction of the Z axis, the spindle unit 7 moves along with the static pressure guide 53 and the clamp static pressure as the Z nut 62a moves. It is guided by the guide 19 and moves up and down.
Since the X ball screw 42 is rotationally driven by the X servo motor 41 and the X nut 42a moves in the reciprocating direction of the X axis, the Z axis moving mechanism 5 and the spindle unit 7 move on the X axis rail 31 as the X nut 42a moves. It travels and moves in the X-axis direction from corner to corner of the first opening 9b and the second opening 14b.
Since the Y ball screw 22 is rotationally driven by the Y servo motor 21 and the Y nut moves in the reciprocating direction of the Y axis, the X axis moving mechanism 3, the Z axis moving mechanism 5 and the spindle unit 7 are moved along the Y rail as the Y nut moves. 11 travels in the Y-axis direction from corner to corner of the first opening 9b.
The Y servo motor 21, the X servo motor 41, and the Z servo motor 61 are numerically controlled to drive the spindle unit 7 in two dimensions by simultaneously driving two arbitrary servo motors or simultaneously driving three servo motors. It is possible to move freely in three dimensions.
In the present embodiment, the spindle unit 7 is guided from the direction of the most part of the entire circumference in a cross-sectional view as viewed from the spindle axis direction by the static pressure guide 53 and the clamp static pressure guide 19 which are mounted apart from each other in the vertical direction. 7 and the most of the Z-axis moving mechanism 5 are guided from both sides by two X-axis rails 31, and most of the main shaft unit 7, the Z-axis moving mechanism 5 and the X-axis moving mechanism 3 are two Y-axis rails 11. Guided from both sides.
Further, most of the spindle unit 7 and the Z-axis moving mechanism 5 are provided in a rectangle formed by connecting the outside of the four X linear bearings 32 in a plan view, and the outside of the four Y linear bearings 12 is connected in a plan view. Most of the X-axis moving mechanism 3 including the main shaft unit 7, the Z-axis moving mechanism 5, and the two X-axis rails 31 is provided in a rectangular shape.
Further, most of the spindle unit 7 and the Z-axis moving mechanism 5 are provided in a plane sandwiched between two X holding portions 14a, and most of the spindle unit 7, the Z-axis moving mechanism 5 and the X-axis moving mechanism 3 are provided. It provided in the plane pinched | interposed by the two Y holding | maintenance parts 9a.
In the third embodiment, the load of each mechanism, such as the reaction force due to its own weight, cutting resistance, or grinding resistance, is handled as evenly as possible, so that it is possible to prevent the occurrence of distortion in each member and perform highly accurate processing. I was able to. In addition, it is possible to reduce the inertia of the moving parts by reducing the weight of the members used, increasing the moving speed when moving the spindle, shortening the acceleration time at startup, and shortening the deceleration time at stop As a result, the machining time can be shortened.

As shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the machining center 15 according to the fourth embodiment includes a Y-axis moving mechanism 1, an X-axis moving mechanism 3, a Z-axis moving mechanism 5, a bed 8, a fixed base 9, a support wall 10 and the like. In the configuration of Example 3, the spindle unit 7a is used.
Further, a tool magazine 79 was provided on the rear side of the machine, and a conveyor 97 through which two rows of chains reciprocated on the bed 8 through the opening 10c was provided. Further, a stopper 98 and a holding device 99 for the workpiece 96a are attached in the middle of the conveyor 97.
The workpiece 96a travels on the conveyor 97 and stops together with the conveyor 97 while being positioned by the stopper 98. Thereafter, the workpiece 96a is held by the holding device 99, and the spindle unit 7a is moved in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions while rotating the tool 95 grasped by the spindle unit 7a. Milling and the like can be performed by applying a feed motion and a cutting motion to the tool 95.
When machining using a plurality of tools, the spindle unit 7a is moved, and the used tool 95 is placed in an empty storage part of the tool magazine 79 at the tool change position 79a and stored in the tool magazine 79. The other tool 95a can be grasped by the tool spindle 91, and further processing by the tool 95a can be performed.
Since the machining center 15 according to the fourth embodiment stores many types of tools in the tool magazine 79, machining using many types of tools is possible. The processed workpiece 96a is carried out by the conveyor 97 and carried to the next process.

As shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, the lathe 16 of the fifth embodiment includes the Y-axis moving mechanism 1, the X-axis moving mechanism 3, the Z-axis moving mechanism 5, the bed 8, the fixed base 9, the support wall 10 and the like. In the configuration of Example 3, the spindle unit 7b is used.
Further, a plurality of cutting tools 95b are attached to the rear and left and right positions in the machine processing space, and a conveyor 97 is provided through the opening 10c so that two rows of chains pass back and forth on the bed 8. Further, a stopper 98 of the workpiece 96a is attached in the middle of the conveyor 97, the stop position is set as the A station 97a, and a B station 97b is provided at a position that does not overlap with the A station in the front in the conveying direction.
The workpiece 96a travels on the conveyor 97, and stops at the A station 97a together with the conveyor 97 while being positioned by the stopper 98. Thereafter, the workpiece 96a is held by the chuck 78 attached to the chuck spindle 92 of the spindle unit 7b, and the spindle unit 7b is moved in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions while rotating the workpiece 96a held by the chuck 78. By doing so, it is possible to perform cutting by giving a feed motion and a cutting motion to the workpiece 96a with respect to the cutting tool 95b.
In Example 5, since many kinds of cutting tools 95b were attached, cutting with many kinds of tools is possible. The processed workpiece 96a is placed in the B station 97b, and the spindle unit 7b moves to the A station 97a and holds the workpiece 96a to be processed next. Thereafter, the processed workpiece 96a is carried out by the conveyor 97, and the workpiece 96a to be processed next is carried into the A station 97a.

As shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, the grinding machine 17 of the sixth embodiment has the cutting tool 95 b attached in the fifth embodiment. However, in the sixth embodiment, the grinding machine 17 is a machining space of the machine and is located at the rear side and the left and right positions. The difference is that a plurality of rotating grindstones 95d are attached. Only the differences from Example 5 will be described while avoiding duplicate description.
The workpiece 96a travels on the conveyor 97, and stops at the A station 97a together with the conveyor 97 while being positioned by the stopper 98. Thereafter, the workpiece 96a is held by the chuck 78 attached to the chuck spindle 92 of the spindle unit 7b, and the spindle unit 7b is moved in the X axis, Y axis, Z axis while rotating or not rotating the workpiece 96a held by the chuck 78. By moving in the axial direction, it is possible to perform a grinding process by applying a feed motion and a cutting motion to the workpiece 96a with respect to the rotating grindstone 95d.
In Example 6, since many kinds of rotary grindstones 95d are attached, grinding with many kinds of grindstones is possible.

As shown in FIGS. 16 to 18, the multi-tasking machine 18 of the seventh embodiment is different in configuration in that both the cutting tool 95 b and the rotating grindstone 95 d are attached to the invention of the fifth or sixth embodiment. Only the differences from Example 5 and Example 6 will be described while avoiding duplicate description.
The workpiece 96a travels on the conveyor 97, and stops at the A station 97a together with the conveyor 97 while being positioned by the stopper 98. Thereafter, the workpiece 96a is held by the chuck 78 attached to the chuck spindle 92 of the spindle unit 7b, and the spindle unit 7b is moved in the X axis, Y axis, Z axis while rotating or not rotating the workpiece 96a held by the chuck 78. By moving in the axial direction, both cutting and grinding can be performed by applying a feeding motion and a cutting motion to the workpiece 96a with respect to the cutting tool 95b and the rotating grindstone 95d.
In the seventh embodiment, since various types of cutting tools 95b and various types of rotating grindstones 95d are attached, it is possible to perform complex processing using various types of cutting tools 95b and rotating grindstones 95d.

  The present invention is used not only in the industry for manufacturing and selling machine tools and the industry for manufacturing machined products, but also in the industry for engineering machining plants.

It is sectional drawing of a spindle unit. It is sectional drawing which decomposed | disassembled and showed some components which comprise a spindle unit. It is a partial cross section figure of a spindle unit. It is the perspective view which showed the basic composition of the machine tool. It is the figure which looked at the clamp ring from the wedge part side. It is sectional drawing of the clamp static pressure guide in the NN view of FIG. It is a front view of a machining center. It is a side view of a machining center. FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line JJ in FIG. 8. It is a front view of a lathe. It is a side view of a lathe. FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along the line KK in FIG. 11. It is a front view of a grinding machine. It is a side view of a grinding machine. It is the LL view sectional drawing of FIG. It is a front view of a compound processing machine. It is a side view of a compound processing machine. It is the MM view sectional drawing of FIG.

1: Y-axis moving mechanism 2: Y-axis driving mechanism 3: X-axis moving mechanism 4: X-axis driving mechanism 5: Z-axis moving mechanism 6: Z-axis driving mechanism 7: Spindle unit 7a: Spindle unit 7b: Spindle unit 8: Bed 8a: Chip collecting part 9: Fixed base 9a: Y holding part 9b: First opening 9c: Y connecting part 9d: Y drive holding part 10: Support wall, etc. 10a: Post 10b: Support wall 10c: Opening 11: Y axis Rail 12: Y linear bearing 14: X-axis base 14a: X holding part 14b: Second opening 14c: X connecting part 14d: X drive holding part 14e: X support holding part 14f: Y nut holding part 15: Machining center 16: Lathe 17: Grinding machine 18: Combined processing machine 19: Clamp static pressure guide 21: Y servo motor 22: Y ball screw 23: Y support support 24: Y fixed support 31: X-axis array 32: X linear bearing 33: Z-axis base 33a: Upper frame 33b: Lower frame 33c: Vertical coupling portion 33d: Z rail receiving portion 41: X servo motor 42: X ball screw 42a: X nut 43: X support support 44: X Fixed support 51: Z-axis rail 52: Z linear bearing 53: Static pressure guide 53a: Bearing portion 53b: Recovery groove 53c: Weir portion 53d: O-ring 54: Case 54a: Bearing portion 54b: Recovery groove 54c: Weir portion 54d: O-ring 55: Clamp ring 55a: Oil reservoir 55b: Recovery hole 55c: Weir part 55d: Wedge part 55e: Outer peripheral surface 55f: O-ring 55g: Supply hole 55h: Slit 56: Piston 56a: Pressure receiving surface 56b: Large outer surface 56c : Large inner surface 56d: Inner surface 56e: Inclined inner surface 56f: Pressing surface 56g: O-ring 56h: O-phosphorus 56j: Middle outer surface 57: Cover 57a: Outer inner surface 57b: Inner inner surface 57c: Inner surface 57d: Dust seal 57e: O-ring 57f: Introduction hole 61: Z servo motor 62: Z ball screw 62a: Z nut 62b: Connecting portion 63: Z Fixed support 64: Z support support 65: Main shaft coupling portion 71: Main shaft cylinder 71a: Working hole 72: Built-in motor 72a: Cartridge case 72b: Stator 72c: Rotor 72d: Bearing 72e: Bearing case 72f: Bearing case 72g: Bearing 73: Connecting shaft A
73a: Lower end portion 73b: Hollow portion 74: Connection shaft B
74a: Upper concave portion 74b: Lower concave portion 74c: Central portion 74d: Bolt 74e: Hollow portion 74f: Stepped surface 75: Mechanical lock 75a: Bolt 75b: Hollow portion 76: Connecting ring 76a: Key 77: Nut 78: Chuck 79: Tool Magazine 79a: Tool change position 80: Rotation detection unit 81: Rotary joint 82: Cylinder base 82a: Nut 83: Rotating cylinder 84: Connection draw bar 84a: Female screw A 84b: Female screw B 84c: Male screw 84d: Hole 91: Tool spindle 91a: Flange 91b: Shaft 91c: Push rod 91d: Male screw 92: Chuck spindle 92a: Flange 92b: Shaft 92c: Drawbar 92d: Male screw 95: Tool 95a: Other tool 95b: Cutting tool 95d: Rotation Whetstone 96a: Workpiece 96b: Workpiece 97: Co Bear 97a: A station 97b: B Station 98: stopper 99: retainer

Claims (2)

A spindle unit comprising a spindle case, a spindle, a motor for rotating the spindle axis, and a rotary cylinder,
Both a spindle for a tool having a push rod for grasping a tool and a spindle for a chuck having a draw bar for sliding a chuck jaw, can be attached.
The chuck is configured to slide a jaw inward or outward by pushing and pulling a part that slides in the axial direction (hereinafter simply referred to as “slide part”), and connects the slide part to the draw bar. age,
When the tool spindle is attached, the push rod can be pushed and pulled by the rotating cylinder. When the chuck spindle is attached, the draw bar is pushed and pulled by the rotating cylinder. A spindle unit featuring a possible configuration.   A machine tool comprising the spindle unit according to claim 1.

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