JP2013043255A - Finish machining tool and machining method using the tool - Google Patents
Finish machining tool and machining method using the tool Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、ボールエンドミルによる加工後に必要なみがき工程を廃止又は大幅に低減できる仕上加工用工具及びその工具を用いた加工方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a finishing tool capable of eliminating or greatly reducing a polishing process required after processing by a ball end mill, and a processing method using the tool.
一般的に、３次元形状を有する被加工部位の加工には、工具としてボールエンドミルが用いられ、荒切削加工と仕上切削加工の２工程で加工されている。例えば、この被加工部位がプラスチック射出成形用金型の場合には、その表面粗さが成形品に直接転写されるため、成形品に要求される表面粗さと同程度の表面粗さが金型にも要求される。他の金型や加工品にも高精度の表面粗さを要求されるものがある。 In general, a ball end mill is used as a tool for processing a processing part having a three-dimensional shape, and processing is performed in two steps of rough cutting and finish cutting. For example, if the part to be processed is a plastic injection mold, the surface roughness is directly transferred to the molded product, so that the surface roughness is about the same as the surface roughness required for the molded product. Also required. Some other molds and processed products require high-precision surface roughness.
プラスチック射出成形用金型の成形面を高精度に鏡面仕上する場合には、従来から砥石を用いた手仕上による方法が多用されている。しかし、この手仕上作業は、作業者の高度な熟練を要すると共に、仕上作業の時間も長くなるという問題があった。この問題に対して、回転軸を備えた砥石などの研削工具を研削装置や工作機械に取り付けて、仕上作業を自動化する方法は種々知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 In the case where a molding surface of a plastic injection mold is mirror-finished with high accuracy, a manual finishing method using a grindstone has been frequently used. However, this manual finishing operation has a problem that it requires a high level of skill of the worker and the time required for the finishing operation is increased. Various methods for automating finishing work by attaching a grinding tool such as a grindstone having a rotating shaft to a grinding device or a machine tool are known for this problem (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
この研削工具には、円盤状の羽根型工具、コットン繊維に研磨材を混ぜた後に球形に硬め成型したボール型コットン工具、ラバーに研磨材を混ぜた後に球形に硬め成型したボール型ラバー工具、各種ボンド材に砥粒を混ぜた後に球形に焼結成型したボール型砥石などが一般的に用いられている。 This grinding tool includes a disk-shaped blade-type tool, a ball-type cotton tool that is hardened into a spherical shape after mixing abrasive with cotton fiber, a ball-type rubber tool that is hardened into a spherical shape after mixing abrasive with rubber, A ball-type grindstone or the like that is sintered into a spherical shape after mixing abrasive grains with various bond materials is generally used.
また、特許文献２には、ボールエンドミルにおいて、少なくともボール刃の回転中心近傍の切れ刃に対して、研削条痕による切れ刃稜線の凹凸を研磨により減少させ、底面の切削に用いたときに仕上精度が安定し、被切削面を高品位にする仕上用ボールエンドミルが開示されている。 Further, in Patent Document 2, in the ball end mill, at least the cutting edge near the rotation center of the ball blade is polished to reduce the unevenness of the cutting edge ridge line due to the grinding streak and finished when used for cutting the bottom surface. A finishing ball end mill with stable accuracy and a high-quality surface to be cut is disclosed.
従来の研削工具は、金型の成形面などの仕上作業を削減することができる一定の効果はあるものの、以下の問題点も有している。 Although the conventional grinding tool has a certain effect which can reduce finishing operations, such as a molding surface of a metal mold | die, it also has the following problems.
羽根型工具は、（１）平面のみがきに限られ、凹凸形状や３次元の自由曲面への対応ができない、（２）研削力（工具のワークへの押し付け量）を考慮したみがき専用の加工プログラムを作成する必要がある、（３）研削力が弱いためにみがきの効率が悪い、という数々の問題点を有している。 The blade-type tool is limited to (1) only flat surface, and cannot handle uneven shapes and three-dimensional free-form surfaces. (2) Processing exclusively for polishing considering grinding force (the amount of pressing of the tool against the workpiece) There are a number of problems that it is necessary to create a program, and (3) the polishing efficiency is poor due to the weak grinding force.
ボール型コットン工具、ボール型ラバー工具及びボール型砥石は、凹凸形状や３次元の自由曲面への対応も可能であるが、（１）研削工具の目詰りや形状崩れなどが生じ、ダイヤモンドインプリドレッサー等による研削工具の整形作業が必要となる、（２）研削工具が弾性体で形成されているため、研削力（工具のワークへの押し付け量）を考慮したみがき専用の加工プログラムを作成する必要がある、（３）研削工具の整形作業の度に工具径が減少するため、その都度みがき専用の加工プログラム作成が必要となる、（４）コットン繊維又はラバーが主体のため弾性体工具となっており、研削力が弱いためにみがきの効率が悪い、という数々の問題点を有している。 Ball-type cotton tools, ball-type rubber tools, and ball-type grindstones can handle irregular shapes and three-dimensional free-form surfaces, but (1) clogging and shape collapse of grinding tools occur, and diamond implement dressers (2) Since the grinding tool is made of an elastic body, it is necessary to create a machining program dedicated to polishing that takes into account the grinding force (the amount of pressing of the tool against the workpiece). (3) Since the tool diameter decreases each time the grinding tool is shaped, it is necessary to create a machining program dedicated to polishing each time. (4) Since it is mainly made of cotton fiber or rubber, it becomes an elastic tool. However, there are a number of problems that polishing efficiency is poor due to weak grinding force.
また、これらの研削工具を用いた研削装置は、仕上作業に用いる工具がラバー砥石などの弾性体工具であり、形状の誤差が大きく、変形し易いから、工具の軌跡を制御する際の制御要素が多くなり、金型の成形面などに要求される加工精度を満たし難いという課題もあった。 In addition, the grinding device using these grinding tools is a control element for controlling the tool trajectory because the tool used for finishing work is an elastic tool such as a rubber grindstone and has a large shape error and is easily deformed. There is also a problem that it is difficult to satisfy the processing accuracy required for the molding surface of the mold.
一方、ボールエンドミルは、図１４に示すように、切刃部２１とシャンク部２２とからなり、切刃部２１には掬い面２４と逃げ面２５が交差する切削刃２３を有している。この切削刃２３は、掬い面２４からの研削痕と逃げ面２５からの研削痕が交差するから、稜線が鋸の刃のようにギザギザになる。図１５及び図１６で示すボールエンドミルを用いた切削加工では、この切削刃２３の状態が加工面に転写されるため、工具半径とピックフィード量、工具の振れ以外に、切削刃２３の状態が加工面の表面粗さに影響を与えている。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 14, the ball end mill includes a cutting blade portion 21 and a shank portion 22, and the cutting blade portion 21 has a cutting blade 23 in which a scooping surface 24 and a flank 25 intersect. In this cutting blade 23, the grinding trace from the scooping surface 24 intersects with the grinding trace from the flank 25, so that the ridge line is jagged like a saw blade. In the cutting using the ball end mill shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the state of the cutting blade 23 is transferred to the processing surface, so that the state of the cutting blade 23 is not limited to the tool radius, pick feed amount, and tool runout. The surface roughness of the machined surface is affected.
特許文献２に記載の仕上用ボールエンドミルは、切削刃２３の凹凸を研磨により減少させているが、掬い面２４と逃げ面２５が交差する切削刃２３を有するために、掬い面２４の面粗さと逃げ面２５の面粗さの双方の影響を受けて、稜線の精度に限界がある。また、ボールエンドミルは、切削刃２３を有しているから、切削方向によって工具の振れ方にバラつきが生じ、切削刃２３の加工精度と相まって、ピックフィード量を少なくしても目標の表面粗さを満足できないという課題があった。 In the finishing ball end mill described in Patent Document 2, the unevenness of the cutting blade 23 is reduced by polishing. However, since the scrubbing surface 24 and the flank 25 have the cutting blade 23, the surface roughness of the scooping surface 24 is reduced. The accuracy of the ridge line is limited due to the influence of both the roughness of the flank 25 and the surface roughness of the flank 25. In addition, since the ball end mill has the cutting blade 23, the tool deflection varies depending on the cutting direction, and coupled with the processing accuracy of the cutting blade 23, the target surface roughness can be achieved even if the pick feed amount is reduced. There was a problem that could not be satisfied.
そこで、本発明は、被加工部位の切削加工を行うマシニングセンタなどの工作機械にそのまま装着でき、短時間の仕上加工で切削加工後の被加工部位の表面粗さを飛躍的に向上することができる仕上加工用工具及びその工具を用いた加工方法を提供するものである。 Therefore, the present invention can be directly mounted on a machine tool such as a machining center that performs cutting of a processed part, and the surface roughness of the processed part after cutting can be drastically improved in a short finishing process. A finishing tool and a machining method using the tool are provided.
本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線上に加工中心を持つ所定半径の球面形状に研削形成又は切削形成された１又は２以上の球面加工部を有する仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides one or more of one or two or more formed by grinding or cutting a spherical shape with a predetermined radius having a processing center on the axis at the tip of a tool body that rotates about the axis. A finishing tool having a spherical processing portion is provided.
また、本発明は、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線回りの回転軌跡が略半球状を成す１又は２以上の球面加工部が研削形成又は切削形成された仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。 In addition, the present invention provides a finishing tool in which one or more spherical machining portions whose rotation locus around the axis forms a substantially hemispherical shape are ground or cut at the tip of the tool body that rotates around the axis. Is to provide.
また、本発明の仕上加工用工具は、前記工具本体の先端部に略半球状を成す１の球面加工部が研削形成又は切削形成されている。 Further, in the finishing tool of the present invention, one spherical machining portion having a substantially hemispherical shape is formed by grinding or cutting at the tip of the tool body.
また、本発明の仕上加工用工具は、前記球面加工部以外の領域に逃がし部を形成し、前記球面加工部と前記逃がし部の間に切削刃を有しないことを特徴とする。 The finishing tool of the present invention is characterized in that a relief portion is formed in a region other than the spherical machining portion, and no cutting blade is provided between the spherical machining portion and the relief portion.
また、本発明の仕上加工用工具は、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の材質で形成されている。 Further, in the finishing tool of the present invention, the spherical processed portion is formed of a material having a hardness higher than that of the processed portion.
また、本発明は、上記何れかの仕上加工用工具を用いた加工方法であって、被加工部位を、切削刃を有するボールエンドミルで加工した後に、前記仕上加工用工具を用いて加工することを特徴とする加工方法を提供するものである。 Further, the present invention is a processing method using any one of the above-mentioned finishing tools, wherein after processing a processed part with a ball end mill having a cutting blade, the finishing tool is used for processing. The processing method characterized by the above is provided.
また、本発明の加工方法は、前記ボールエンドミルと略同一半径の前記仕上加工用工具を使用し、前記ボールエンドミルの加工軌跡を用いて前記仕上加工用工具を制御する。 In the machining method of the present invention, the finishing tool having substantially the same radius as the ball end mill is used, and the finishing tool is controlled using a machining locus of the ball end mill.
また、本発明の加工方法は、前記仕上加工用工具の半径と、前記仕上加工用工具を制御する加工軌跡を生成する際に設定される前記被加工部位からのオフセット量と、を調整して前記仕上加工用工具の前記被加工部位に対する押圧力を制御する。 Further, the machining method of the present invention adjusts a radius of the finishing tool and an offset amount from the workpiece to be set when generating a machining trajectory for controlling the finishing tool. The pressing force of the finishing tool on the part to be processed is controlled.
本発明の仕上加工用工具は、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線上に加工中心を持つ所定半径の球面形状に研削形成又は切削形成された１又は２以上の球面加工部を有する構成により、ボールエンドミル等の切削工具を装着して被加工部位の切削加工を行うマシニングセンタなどの工作機械にそのまま装着することができるから、簡単かつ短時間に被加工部位を仕上加工することができる効果がある。 The finishing tool of the present invention includes one or more spherically machined parts formed by grinding or cutting into a spherical shape with a predetermined radius having a machining center on the axis at the tip of a tool body that rotates about the axis. With this configuration, it is possible to attach a cutting tool such as a ball end mill to a machine tool such as a machining center that cuts the work site as it is, so that the work site can be finished easily and quickly. There is an effect that can.
また、本発明の仕上加工用工具は、掬い面と逃げ面が交差するボールエンドミルの切削刃と比較して、球面形状の球面加工部は非常に精度よく研削形成又は切削形成することが可能であるから、被加工部位を球面加工部の押圧回転によって加工したときに、被加工部位の表面粗さを向上することができ、後工程の磨き加工を大幅に削減又は廃止することができる効果がある。 In addition, the finishing tool of the present invention is capable of grinding or cutting a spherically-shaped spherically machined portion with very high accuracy compared to the cutting edge of a ball end mill where the scooping surface and the flank face intersect. Therefore, when processing the processed part by pressing rotation of the spherical processing part, the surface roughness of the processed part can be improved, and the effect of greatly reducing or eliminating the polishing process in the subsequent process can be achieved. is there.
また、本発明の仕上加工用工具は、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線回りの回転軌跡が略半球状を成す１又は２以上の球面加工部が研削形成又は切削形成された構成を有することにより、ボールエンドミル等の切削工具を装着して被加工部位の切削加工を行うマシニングセンタなどの工作機械にそのまま装着することができるから、簡単かつ短時間に被加工部位を仕上加工することができる効果がある。 Further, in the finishing tool of the present invention, one or two or more spherical machining portions whose rotation locus around the axis forms a substantially hemispherical shape are ground or cut at the tip of the tool body that rotates around the axis. With this configuration, it is possible to attach a cutting tool, such as a ball end mill, to a machine tool such as a machining center that cuts the work site as it is, so that the work site can be finished easily and quickly. There is an effect that can be done.
また、本発明の仕上加工用工具は、掬い面と逃げ面が交差するボールエンドミルの切削刃と比較して、球面形状の球面加工部は非常に精度よく研削形成又は切削形成することが可能であるから、被加工部位を球面加工部の押圧回転によって加工したときに、被加工部位の表面粗さを向上することができ、後工程の磨き加工を大幅に削減又は廃止することができる効果がある。 In addition, the finishing tool of the present invention is capable of grinding or cutting a spherically-shaped spherically machined portion with very high accuracy compared to the cutting edge of a ball end mill where the scooping surface and the flank face intersect. Therefore, when processing the processed part by pressing rotation of the spherical processing part, the surface roughness of the processed part can be improved, and the effect of greatly reducing or eliminating the polishing process in the subsequent process can be achieved. is there.
また、本発明の仕上加工用工具は、前記工具本体の先端部に略半球状を成す１の球面加工部が研削形成又は切削形成されていることにより、工具本体の先端部全体に非常に精度よく研削形成又は切削形成された球面加工部を有し、被加工部位を球面加工部の押圧回転によって加工したときに、常に球面加工部が被加工部位に押圧されているから、被加工部位の表面粗さを飛躍的に向上することができる効果がある。 In addition, the finishing tool of the present invention has a very accurate accuracy over the entire tip of the tool body by forming one spherical processed part having a substantially hemispherical shape on the tip of the tool body by grinding or cutting. Since a well-ground or machined spherical processed part is provided and the processed part is processed by pressing rotation of the spherical processed part, the spherical processed part is always pressed against the processed part. There is an effect that the surface roughness can be remarkably improved.
また、本発明の仕上加工用工具は、前記球面加工部以外の領域に逃がし部を形成し、前記球面加工部と前記逃がし部の間に切削刃を有しないことにより、球面加工部を非常に精度よく研削形成又は切削形成することができ、球面加工部の押圧回転によって加工される被加工部位の表面粗さを更に向上することができる効果がある。 Further, the finishing tool of the present invention forms a relief portion in a region other than the spherical machining portion, and does not have a cutting blade between the spherical machining portion and the relief portion. There is an effect that the grinding or cutting can be performed with high accuracy, and the surface roughness of the part to be processed processed by pressing and rotating the spherical processed part can be further improved.
また、本発明の仕上加工用工具は、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の材質で形成されていることにより、球面加工部で被加工部位の削り残し山（カスプ）を削り取ることができ、被加工部位の表面粗さを更に向上することができる効果がある。 Further, in the finishing tool of the present invention, the spherical machining portion is made of a material having a hardness higher than that of the machining portion, so that an uncut portion (cusp) of the machining portion is cut off at the spherical machining portion. It is possible to improve the surface roughness of the part to be processed.
また、本発明の加工方法は、上記何れかの仕上加工用工具を用いた加工方法であって、被加工部位を、切削刃を有するボールエンドミルで加工した後に、前記仕上加工用工具を用いて加工する構成を有することにより、ボールエンドミルを装着して被加工部位の切削加工を行うマシニングセンタなどの工作機械に上記の仕上加工用工具をそのまま装着して被加工部位を仕上加工することができる。また、ボールエンドミルによって切削加工された被加工部位の削り残し山（カスプ）を球面加工部の押圧回転によって加工（例えば削り取り加工）するから、短時間の仕上加工で被加工部位の表面粗さを向上することができ、後工程の磨き加工を大幅に削減又は廃止することができる効果がある。 Further, the processing method of the present invention is a processing method using any one of the above-mentioned finishing tools, and after processing a processed part with a ball end mill having a cutting blade, using the finishing tool By having the structure to process, the processed part can be finished by attaching the above-described finishing tool as it is to a machine tool such as a machining center that mounts a ball end mill and performs cutting of the processed part. In addition, since the remaining shavings (cusps) of the machined part cut by the ball end mill are machined by pressing and rotating the spherical machining part (for example, machining), the surface roughness of the machined part can be reduced by a short finishing process. It is possible to improve, and there is an effect that the polishing process in the post-process can be greatly reduced or eliminated.
また、本発明の加工方法は、前記ボールエンドミルと略同一半径の前記仕上加工用工具を使用し、前記ボールエンドミルの加工軌跡を用いて前記仕上加工用工具を制御することにより、本発明の仕上加工用工具による極短時間の加工によって被加工部位の表面粗さを向上させることができるのみならず、工具軌跡に前工程のボールエンドミル仕上切削加工で使用した加工プログラムをそのまま使用することができ、本発明の仕上加工用工具の
ために専用の加工プログラムを作成する必要がないから、金型などの製造工数を大幅に削減することができる効果がある。
Further, the machining method of the present invention uses the finishing tool having substantially the same radius as the ball end mill, and controls the finishing tool by using the machining trajectory of the ball end mill. Not only can the surface roughness of the part to be machined be improved by machining in a very short time with the machining tool, but the machining program used in the ball end mill finish cutting in the previous process can be used as it is for the tool path. Since there is no need to create a dedicated machining program for the finishing tool of the present invention, there is an effect that the manufacturing man-hours such as molds can be greatly reduced.
また、本発明の加工方法は、前記仕上加工用工具の半径と、前記仕上加工用工具を制御する加工軌跡を生成する際に設定される前記被加工部位からのオフセット量と、を調整して前記仕上加工用工具の前記被加工部位に対する押圧力を制御することにより、被加工部位に対して本発明の仕上加工用工具を一定の力が加わる状態で加工することができ、被加工部位にバニッシング効果を与え、短時間の加工で被加工部位の表面粗さを飛躍的に向上させることができる効果がある。 Further, the machining method of the present invention adjusts a radius of the finishing tool and an offset amount from the workpiece to be set when generating a machining trajectory for controlling the finishing tool. By controlling the pressing force of the finishing tool against the workpiece part, the finishing tool of the present invention can be machined in a state where a certain force is applied to the workpiece part. A burnishing effect is provided, and the surface roughness of the part to be processed can be dramatically improved in a short time.
本発明の実施の形態を図示する実施例に基づいて説明する。 本発明に係る仕上加工用工具は、軸線１３回りに回転する工具本体１０の先端部に、軸線１３上に加工中心１４を持つ所定半径の球面形状に研削形成又は切削形成された１又は２以上の球面加工部１１を有する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples shown in the drawings. The finishing tool according to the present invention is one or more formed by grinding or cutting a spherical shape with a predetermined radius having a machining center 14 on the axis 13 at the tip of the tool body 10 that rotates around the axis 13. The spherical processed portion 11 is provided.
［仕上加工用工具］ 図１は、本発明に係る仕上加工用工具の一実施例を示す側面図である。 図１に示す実施例において、工具本体１０は、軸線１３上に加工中心１４を持ち、先端部に研削形成された略半球状を成す球面加工部１１と、この軸線１３を中心とする円柱状のシャンク部１２とを有する。シャンク部１２は、図示しない工作機械の主軸に直接又はチャックホルダ等の保持部を介して取り付けられるから、工具本体１０をマシニングセンタなどの工作機械にそのまま装着することができる。シャンク部１２は、チャックホルダ等に保持される大径部１２ａと、球面加工部１１につながる小径部１２ｂとを有し、小径部１２ｂの半径は球面加工部１１の半径より小径に形成してある。なお、シャンク部１２は、小径部１２ｂの半径を球面加工部１１の半径と同一径に形成してもよく、全体を同一軸径に形成してもよい。 [Finishing Tool] FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a finishing tool according to the present invention. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the tool body 10 has a machining center 14 on an axis 13, and a spherically machined portion 11 having a substantially hemispherical shape formed by grinding at the tip, and a cylindrical shape centering on the axis 13. And a shank portion 12 of the same. Since the shank portion 12 is attached to a main shaft of a machine tool (not shown) directly or via a holding portion such as a chuck holder, the tool body 10 can be directly mounted on a machine tool such as a machining center. The shank portion 12 has a large diameter portion 12 a held by a chuck holder or the like, and a small diameter portion 12 b connected to the spherical surface processing portion 11, and the radius of the small diameter portion 12 b is formed to be smaller than the radius of the spherical surface processing portion 11. is there. In addition, the shank part 12 may form the radius of the small diameter part 12b as the same diameter as the radius of the spherical surface processing part 11, and may form the whole in the same axial diameter.
図１に示す実施例において、球面加工部１１は、軸線１３の先端側から側方に向かって０°から９０°まで加工中心１４を中心とする球面が形成された半球形状を成している。球面加工部１１は、同一半径の球面のみによって形成されていることから、高精度の球面形状に研削形成することが容易になり、被加工部位の表面粗さに影響を与える球面加工部１１の表面粗さが向上する。工具本体１０は、旋盤加工など公知の加工方法によって形成することができる。なお、球面加工部１１は、切削加工により工具本体１０の先端部に半球形状を形成してもよい。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the spherical processed portion 11 has a hemispherical shape in which a spherical surface having a processing center 14 as a center is formed from 0 ° to 90 ° from the distal end side to the side of the axis 13. . Since the spherical processed portion 11 is formed only by a spherical surface having the same radius, it is easy to grind and form a highly accurate spherical shape, and the spherical processed portion 11 having an influence on the surface roughness of the processed portion is affected. Surface roughness is improved. The tool body 10 can be formed by a known processing method such as lathe processing. In addition, the spherical surface processing part 11 may form a hemispherical shape in the front-end | tip part of the tool main body 10 by cutting.
図１に示すように、球面加工部１１とシャンク部１２の間には段部を形成し、仕上加工時にシャンク部１２が被加工部位に接触しないようにしている。なお、工具本体１０は、球面加工部１１の上方に球面加工部１１と同一半径で軸線１３を中心とする円柱状加工部を形成してもよい。また、球面加工部１１は、軸線１３の先端側から側方に向かって０°から９０°以上の範囲に加工中心１４を中心とする球面が形成されていることが好ましいが、平面的な被加工部位を加工対象とする場合には、軸線１３の先端側から側方に向かって０°から９０°未満の範囲に球面を形成してもよい。 As shown in FIG. 1, a stepped portion is formed between the spherical processed portion 11 and the shank portion 12 so that the shank portion 12 does not come into contact with the portion to be processed during finish processing. Note that the tool body 10 may be formed with a cylindrical processing part having the same radius as the spherical processing part 11 and centering on the axis 13 above the spherical processing part 11. The spherical processed portion 11 is preferably formed with a spherical surface centered on the processing center 14 in the range of 0 ° to 90 ° or more from the tip side to the side of the axis 13. When the machining site is a machining target, a spherical surface may be formed in a range from 0 ° to less than 90 ° from the tip side of the axis 13 to the side.
工具本体１０は、工作機械に装着され、球面加工部１１の押圧回転によってワークＷの被加工部位を加工するから、ワークＷより高硬度の材質で形成される。例えば、金型の仕上加工に用いる工具本体１０は、超硬合金又は高速度工具鋼などの硬質材料によって形成され、硬度（ＨＲＡ）９３以上の硬質材料によって形成されることが好ましい。また、球面加工部１１の表面は、コーティングなどの表面処理を施してもよい。 Since the tool body 10 is mounted on a machine tool and processes a part to be processed of the workpiece W by pressing and rotating the spherical processing portion 11, the tool body 10 is formed of a material having a hardness higher than that of the workpiece W. For example, the tool body 10 used for finishing the mold is preferably formed of a hard material such as cemented carbide or high-speed tool steel, and is formed of a hard material having a hardness (HRA) of 93 or more. Further, the surface of the spherical processed portion 11 may be subjected to a surface treatment such as coating.
［仕上加工用工具を用いた加工方法］ 次に、本発明の仕上加工用工具を用いた加工方法について説明する。 図２は、本発明の仕上加工用工具を用いた加工方法の一実施例を示す側面図である。本発明の加工方法は、図２１に示すように、図示しない工作機械にボールエンドミルを装着してワークＷの被加工部位１を仕上切削加工した後に、図２に示すように、工作機械に工具本体１０を装着して被加工部位１を球面加工部１１の押圧回転によって仕上加工する。 [Processing Method Using Finishing Tool] Next, a processing method using the finishing tool of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is a side view showing an embodiment of a machining method using the finishing tool of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 21, the machining method according to the present invention includes a ball end mill mounted on a machine tool (not shown) and finish-cuts the workpiece 1 of the workpiece W, and then a tool is applied to the machine tool as shown in FIG. The main body 10 is mounted, and the processed portion 1 is finished by pressing and rotating the spherical processing portion 11.
また、本発明の加工方法は、仕上加工用工具を制御する専用の加工軌跡を生成してもよい。この場合、球面加工部１１の半径と、仕上加工用工具を制御する加工軌跡を生成する際に設定される被加工部位１からのオフセット量と、を調整して球面加工部１１の被加工部位１に対する押圧力を制御する。加工軌跡は、球面加工部１１の半径に対して、目標の表面粗さとなるようにピックフィード量を決定して生成する。球面加工による被加工部位１の削り残し山の高さ（カスプハイト）ｈは、図１６に示すように、球面加工部１１の半径Ｒとピックフィード量Ｐｆによって幾何学的に定まり、数１式により求まる。カスプハイトｈが目標の表面粗さ以下となるようにピックフィード量を決定する。 Further, the machining method of the present invention may generate a dedicated machining locus for controlling the finishing tool. In this case, the processing portion of the spherical processing portion 11 is adjusted by adjusting the radius of the spherical processing portion 11 and the offset amount from the processing portion 1 set when generating the processing locus for controlling the finishing tool. 1 to control the pressing force. The machining trajectory is generated by determining the amount of pick feed so as to achieve the target surface roughness with respect to the radius of the spherical processed portion 11. As shown in FIG. 16, the height (cusp height) h of the uncut portion of the part 1 to be machined by the spherical machining is geometrically determined by the radius R of the spherical machining portion 11 and the pick feed amount Pf. I want. The pick feed amount is determined so that the cusp height h is equal to or less than the target surface roughness.
また、本発明の加工方法は、仕上加工時のピックフィード量を、ボールエンドミルを用いた仕上切削加工時と同じピックフィード量に設定し、互いに半ピッチずれた加工軌跡を生成してもよい。この加工軌跡は、球面加工部１１を削り残し山に押圧するから、比較的短い仕上加工時間で被加工部位１の表面粗さを向上させることができる。 Further, in the processing method of the present invention, the pick feed amount at the time of finish processing may be set to the same pick feed amount as at the time of finish cutting using a ball end mill, and processing trajectories that are shifted from each other by a half pitch may be generated. Since this processing locus presses the spherical processing portion 11 to the left uncut portion, the surface roughness of the processed portion 1 can be improved in a relatively short finishing time.
また、本発明の加工方法は、ボールエンドミルを用いた仕上切削加工の前に、荒切削加工及び中仕上切削加工を行ってもよい。また、仕上加工は、同じ加工軌跡を用いて複数回加工してもよく、半径の異なる複数本の仕上加工用工具を用いて加工してもよい。 In addition, the processing method of the present invention may perform rough cutting and medium finishing cutting before finishing cutting using a ball end mill. Further, the finishing may be performed a plurality of times using the same processing locus, or may be performed using a plurality of finishing tools having different radii.
出願人は、加工工具別、加工方法別に被加工部位１の表面粗さの比較を行った。 The applicant made a comparison of the surface roughness of the processed part 1 for each processing tool and each processing method.
［比較例１］ 表１は、ボールエンドミルの研削精度が加工面の表面粗さに与える影響を比較している。ボールエンドミルには、一般的によく使用される標準工具と、市販品の中で研削精度の高い高精度品と、さらに研削精度を高めた特殊対応品を用い、本発明の仕上加工用工具との比較を行った。 Comparative Example 1 Table 1 compares the influence of the grinding accuracy of the ball end mill on the surface roughness of the processed surface. The ball end mill uses a standard tool that is commonly used, a high-precision product with high grinding accuracy among commercially available products, and a special-purpose product with higher grinding accuracy. A comparison was made.
被削材は、ＨＲＣ５０のプラスチック金型用鋼であり、被加工部位１の形状は図３に示す通り半径１１ｍｍのコア形状である。工具には何れも半径２ｍｍの工具を使用し、ピックフィード量０．１ｍｍの走査線加工（湾曲方向の往復加工）とした。工作機械には、当社製ＹＢＭ−６４０Ｖを使用し、ボールエンドミルは回転数２０，０００ｒｐｍ、送り速度１，０００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで加工（クーラントにオイルミストを使用）し、本発明の仕上加工用工具は回転数１０，０００ｒｐｍ、送り速度１，０００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで加工（クーラントに水溶性切削水を使用）した。また、各ボールエンドミルの取り代は０．０５ｍｍとなり、本発明の仕上加工用工具の取り代は０．００５ｍｍとなるように、予めボールエンドミルを用いた仕上切削加工を行っている。 The work material is HRC50 plastic mold steel, and the shape of the work site 1 is a core shape with a radius of 11 mm as shown in FIG. A tool with a radius of 2 mm was used for each tool, and scanning line processing (reciprocal processing in the bending direction) with a pick feed amount of 0.1 mm was performed. YBM-640V made by our company is used for the machine tool, the ball end mill is machined at a rotation speed of 20,000 rpm and a feed rate of 1,000 mm / min (oil mist is used for the coolant), and the finishing tool of the present invention is Processing was performed at a rotational speed of 10,000 rpm and a feed rate of 1,000 mm / min (water-soluble cutting water was used as a coolant). Further, finishing machining using a ball end mill is performed in advance so that the machining allowance of each ball end mill is 0.05 mm and the machining allowance of the finishing tool of the present invention is 0.005 mm.
工具別の表面粗さは表１に示す通りであり、ピックフィード方向の最大高さ粗さ（Ｒｚ）は、ボールエンドミルでは何れも約０．８μｍであるのに対し、本発明の仕上加工用工具では０．２８μｍとなり、ピックフィード方向の算術平均粗さ（Ｒａ）は、ボールエンドミルでは何れも約０．２μｍであるのに対し、本発明の仕上加工用工具では０．０５μｍとなり、ピックフィード方向の表面粗さが飛躍的に向上している。 The surface roughness for each tool is as shown in Table 1, and the maximum height roughness (Rz) in the pick feed direction is about 0.8 μm in the ball end mill, whereas the surface roughness for the finishing process of the present invention is The tool is 0.28 μm, and the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) in the pick feed direction is about 0.2 μm in the ball end mill, whereas the finishing tool of the present invention is 0.05 μm. The surface roughness in the direction has been dramatically improved.
送り方向の最大高さ粗さ（Ｒｚ）は、ボールエンドミルでは１．０２〜０．６６μｍであるのに対し、本発明の仕上加工用工具では０．２４μｍとなり、送り方向の算術平均粗さ（Ｒａ）は、ボールエンドミルでは０．１７〜０．１０μｍであるのに対し、本発明の仕上加工用工具では０．０３μｍとなり、送り方向の表面粗さも飛躍的に向上している。 The maximum height roughness (Rz) in the feed direction is 1.02 to 0.66 μm in the ball end mill, whereas it is 0.24 μm in the finishing tool of the present invention, and the arithmetic average roughness in the feed direction ( Ra) is 0.17 to 0.10 μm in the ball end mill, whereas it is 0.03 μm in the finishing tool of the present invention, and the surface roughness in the feed direction is dramatically improved.
図４〜図９は、加工面粗さの実測データを示している。図４は、ボールエンドミル仕上加工のピックフィード方向の加工面粗さを示す図である。図５は、ボールエンドミル仕上加工の送り方向の加工面粗さを示す図である。図６は、高精度ボールエンドミル仕上加工のピックフィード方向の加工面粗さを示す図である。図７は、高精度ボールエンドミル仕上加工の送り方向の加工面粗さを示す図である。図８は、本発明に係る加工方法のピックフィード方向の加工面粗さを示す図である。図９は、本発明に係る加工方法の送り方向の加工面粗さを示す図である。 4 to 9 show measured data of the processed surface roughness. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the processed surface roughness in the pick-feed direction of the ball end mill finishing process. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the processed surface roughness in the feed direction of ball end mill finishing. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the processed surface roughness in the pick-feed direction of the high-precision ball end mill finishing process. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the processed surface roughness in the feed direction of high-precision ball end mill finishing. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the processed surface roughness in the pick feed direction of the processing method according to the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the machined surface roughness in the feed direction of the machining method according to the present invention.
表１及び図４〜図９に示すように、ボールエンドミルの研削精度が向上した場合に、送り方向の表面粗さは向上しているのに対し、ピックフィード方向の表面粗さには殆ど変化がなかった。一方、本発明の仕上加工用工具を用いた場合には、送り方向とピックフィード方向の双方で表面粗さが飛躍的に向上し、ボールエンドミルを用いた仕上切削加工と同程度の加工時間で磨き加工が不要になる程度まで表面粗さを向上させることが可能になった。 As shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 4 to 9, when the grinding accuracy of the ball end mill is improved, the surface roughness in the feed direction is improved, but the surface roughness in the pick feed direction is almost changed. There was no. On the other hand, when the finishing tool of the present invention is used, the surface roughness is dramatically improved in both the feed direction and the pick-feed direction, and the processing time is about the same as the finishing cutting process using a ball end mill. It has become possible to improve the surface roughness to the extent that no polishing is required.
図３は、工具別の加工面状態を比較して示す斜視の写真図である。丸付符号１〜３のボールエンドミルで加工した加工面は送り方向に切削痕が残っているのに対し、丸付符号４の本発明の仕上加工用工具で加工した加工面には切削痕が見られず、光沢がある。本発明の仕上加工用工具を用いた加工方法では、被加工部位１を球面加工部１１の押圧回転によって仕上加工するから、切削加工時の削り残し山を削り取る（削り屑が出る）と同時に、被加工部位１にバニッシング効果を与え、微細な凸部を押しつぶして鏡面に仕上げることが可能になった。 FIG. 3 is a perspective photograph showing a comparison of machined surface states for each tool. The machining surface machined by the ball end mills 1 to 3 with round marks has cutting marks remaining in the feed direction, whereas the machining surface machined with the finishing tool of the present invention with round signs 4 has cutting marks. Not seen and shiny. In the machining method using the finishing tool of the present invention, the workpiece 1 is finished by pressing and rotating the spherical machining portion 11, so that a remaining pile at the time of cutting is shaved (shavings appear), A burnishing effect was imparted to the workpiece 1 and it was possible to crush the fine protrusions into a mirror finish.
［比較例２］ 表２は、特殊工具（本発明の仕上加工用工具）が加工面の表面粗さに与える影響を比較している。比較工具には、半径２ｍｍのボールエンドミルと、従来の半径１．５ｍｍのボール形状ラバー砥石（＃３０００）と、半径２ｍｍの本発明の仕上加工用工具（超硬材）とを用い、加工面粗さの比較を行った。 [Comparative Example 2] Table 2 compares the effects of a special tool (finishing tool of the present invention) on the surface roughness of the processed surface. As a comparative tool, a ball end mill having a radius of 2 mm, a conventional ball-shaped rubber grindstone (# 3000) having a radius of 1.5 mm, and a finishing tool of the present invention (super hard material) having a radius of 2 mm are used. A roughness comparison was made.
被削材は、ＨＲＣ５０のプラスチック金型用鋼であり、被加工部位１の形状は図１０に示す通りφ７．０ｍｍのキャビティ形状である。加工パス分解能は、ボールエンドミルが０．０４ｍｍ、特殊工具（本発明の仕上加工用工具）が０．００２５ｍｍ、ボール形状ラバー砥石が０．００２５ｍｍとした。工作機械には、当社製ＹＭＣ−４３０を使用し、ボールエンドミルは回転数２０，０００ｒｐｍ、送り速度５００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで加工（クーラントに油性を使用）し、特殊工具（本発明の仕上加工用工具）は回転数１０，０００ｒｐｍ、送り速度３５０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで加工（クーラントに油性／オイルミストを使用）し、ボール形状ラバー砥石は回転数１０，０００ｒｐｍ、送り速度３５０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで加工（クーラントにオイルミストを使用）した。また、
予めボールエンドミルを用いた仕上切削加工を行い、特殊工具とラバー砥石は表に記載の切り込み量となるように加工軌跡を生成した。
The work material is HRC50 plastic mold steel, and the shape of the work site 1 is a cavity shape of φ 7.0 mm as shown in FIG. The processing pass resolution was 0.04 mm for the ball end mill, 0.0025 mm for the special tool (finishing tool of the present invention), and 0.0025 mm for the ball-shaped rubber grindstone. YMC-430 made by our company is used as the machine tool, the ball end mill is processed at a rotational speed of 20,000 rpm and a feed speed of 500 mm / min (oil is used for the coolant), and a special tool (the finishing tool of the present invention). Is processed at a rotational speed of 10,000 rpm and a feed rate of 350 mm / min (oil-based / oil mist is used for the coolant), and the ball-shaped rubber grindstone is processed at a rotational speed of 10,000 rpm and a feed rate of 350 mm / min (oil mist is applied to the coolant). used. Also,
A finish cutting process using a ball end mill was performed in advance, and a machining trajectory was generated so that the special tool and the rubber grindstone had the cut amounts shown in the table.
工具別の表面粗さは表２に示す通りであり、最大高さ粗さ（Ｒｚ）は、ボールエンドミルでは１．１６７μｍであるのに対し、ラバー砥石では０．７９７μｍとなり、特殊工具（本発明の仕上加工用工具）では０．３８６μｍ／０．１８４μｍとなった。また、算術平均粗さ（Ｒａ）は、ボールエンドミルでは０．１７９μｍであるのに対し、ラバー砥石では０．１２２μｍとなり、特殊工具（本発明の仕上加工用工具）では０．０５５μｍ／０．０２８μｍとなり、従来のラバー砥石と比較して特殊工具（本発明の仕上加工用工具）は表面粗さが飛躍的に向上している。 The surface roughness for each tool is as shown in Table 2. The maximum height roughness (Rz) is 1.167 μm for the ball end mill, and 0.797 μm for the rubber grindstone. The finish machining tool) was 0.386 μm / 0.184 μm. The arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is 0.179 μm for the ball end mill, but is 0.122 μm for the rubber grindstone, and 0.055 μm / 0.028 μm for the special tool (finishing tool of the present invention). Thus, the surface roughness of the special tool (the finishing tool of the present invention) is dramatically improved as compared with the conventional rubber grindstone.
図１１〜図１３は、加工面粗さの実測データを示している。図１１は、ボールエンドミル仕上加工の送り方向の加工面粗さを示す図である。図１２は、ボール形状ラバー砥石みがき加工の送り方向の加工面粗さを示す図である。図１３は、本発明に係る加工方法の送り方向の加工面粗さを示す図である。 11 to 13 show measured data of the processed surface roughness. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the processed surface roughness in the feed direction of ball end mill finishing. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the processed surface roughness in the feed direction of the ball-shaped rubber grinding wheel polishing. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the processed surface roughness in the feed direction of the processing method according to the present invention.
表２及び図１１〜図１３に示すように、従来のボール形状ラバー砥石によるみがき加工でも、ボールエンドミルの切削加工と比較して表面粗さが向上している。一方、特殊工具（本発明の仕上加工用工具）による仕上加工では、従来のラバー砥石によるみがき加工と比較しても表面粗さが飛躍的に向上し、磨き加工が不要になる程度まで表面粗さを向上させることが可能になった。また、特殊工具（本発明の仕上加工用工具）による仕上加工の加工時間（３２分）は、従来のラバー砥石によるみがき加工の加工時間（５０分）と比較して短く、加工時間においても優れている。また、クーラントが加工面粗さに与える影響については、油性とオイルミストにおいて大きな差は認められない。 As shown in Table 2 and FIGS. 11 to 13, the surface roughness is improved in the polishing process using the conventional ball-shaped rubber grindstone as compared with the cutting process of the ball end mill. On the other hand, in finishing with a special tool (finishing tool of the present invention), the surface roughness is dramatically improved compared to the conventional polishing with a rubber grindstone, so that no polishing is required. It has become possible to improve. In addition, the finishing time (32 minutes) of finishing with a special tool (finishing tool of the present invention) is shorter than the processing time (50 minutes) of polishing with a conventional rubber grindstone, and the processing time is also excellent. ing. In addition, regarding the influence of the coolant on the machined surface roughness, there is no significant difference between oiliness and oil mist.
図１０は、加工方法別の加工面状態を比較して示す斜視の写真図である。符号Ａのボールエンドミルで加工した加工面は送り方向に切削痕が残っているのに対し、符号Ｄのラバー砥石によるみがき加工した加工面と、符号Ｂ，Ｃの本発明の仕上加工用工具で加工した加工面には切削痕が見られず、光沢がある。符号Ｄの加工面と符号Ｂ，Ｃの加工面を比較すると、本発明の仕上加工用工具で加工した加工面（符号Ｂ，Ｃ）の方が、背景の写り込みが鮮明であり、表面粗さが均一であることがわかる。 FIG. 10 is a perspective photograph showing a comparison of processed surface states by processing method. The machined surface machined by the ball end mill of the symbol A has a cutting trace left in the feed direction, whereas the machined surface of the rubber grinding stone of the symbol D and the finishing tool of the invention of the symbols B and C are used. The machined surface is glossy with no cut marks. Comparing the machined surface of reference numeral D with the machined surfaces of reference numerals B and C, the processed surface processed by the finishing tool of the present invention (reference symbols B and C) has a clearer background reflection, and has a rough surface. It can be seen that the thickness is uniform.
［比較例３］ 表３は、特殊工具（本発明の仕上加工用工具）を用いた加工方法が加工面の表面粗さに与える影響を比較している。比較工具には、半径２ｍｍのボールエンドミルと、従来の半径１．５ｍｍのボール形状ラバー砥石（＃３０００）と、半径２ｍｍの本発明の仕上加工用工具（超硬材）とを用い、加工面粗さの比較を行った。 [Comparative Example 3] Table 3 compares the effects of a processing method using a special tool (finishing tool of the present invention) on the surface roughness of the processed surface. As a comparative tool, a ball end mill having a radius of 2 mm, a conventional ball-shaped rubber grindstone (# 3000) having a radius of 1.5 mm, and a finishing tool of the present invention (super hard material) having a radius of 2 mm are used. A roughness comparison was made.
比較例２と同様に、被削材は、ＨＲＣ５０のプラスチック金型用鋼であり、被加工部位１の形状はφ７．０ｍｍのキャビティ形状である。加工パス分解能は０．０４ｍｍ（ａ，ｃ，ｄ）、専用プログラムの加工パス分解能は０．００２５ｍｍ（ｂ，ｅ）とした。工作機械には、当社製ＹＭＣ−４３０を使用し、その他の加工条件は比較例２と同様である。 As in Comparative Example 2, the work material is HRC50 plastic mold steel, and the shape of the work site 1 is a cavity shape of φ 7.0 mm. The machining path resolution was 0.04 mm (a, c, d), and the machining path resolution of the dedicated program was 0.0025 mm (b, e). As the machine tool, YMC-430 made by our company is used, and other processing conditions are the same as those in Comparative Example 2.
工具別・加工方法別の表面粗さは表３に示す通りである。符号ｃは、特殊工具（本発明の仕上加工用工具）を用い、「切削加工の仕上プログラム」を使用して仕上加工を１回行った結果を表しており、ボールエンドミルによる仕上切削加工（符号ａ）よりも表面粗さが向上している。符号ｄは、符号ｃと同条件で仕上加工を２回行った結果を表しており、専用プログラムを使用したラバー砥石によるみがき加工（符号ｂ）と同程度まで表面粗さが向上している。本発明の加工方法は、特殊工具用に専用プログラムを作成することなく切削加工と同一の仕上プログラムを使用した場合でも、適切な切り込み量と回転数で２回程度の「切削加工の仕上軌跡」を実行することにより、従来のみがき加工と同程度の光沢面を得ることができた。また、本発明の加工方法は、従来のみがき加工では必須であった専用プログラムの作成が不要になると共に、加工時間も５０分を要する従来のみがき加工に対して２回加工でも８分と大幅に短縮することができ、金型などの製造工数を大幅に削減することが可能になった。 Table 3 shows the surface roughness for each tool and each processing method. The symbol c represents the result of performing a finishing process once using a “cutting finishing program” using a special tool (finishing tool of the present invention). The surface roughness is improved as compared with a). The symbol d represents the result of performing the finishing process twice under the same conditions as the symbol c, and the surface roughness is improved to the same extent as the polishing (rubbing b) with a rubber grindstone using a dedicated program. The machining method of the present invention has a “cutting finish trajectory” of about 2 times with an appropriate cutting amount and number of revolutions even when the same finishing program as the cutting is used without creating a dedicated program for a special tool. As a result, it was possible to obtain a glossy surface comparable to that of conventional post-processing. In addition, the machining method of the present invention eliminates the need for creating a dedicated program, which is essential for conventional postcard machining, and is greatly reduced to 8 minutes even if it is performed twice for conventional postcard machining that requires 50 minutes of machining time. The manufacturing man-hours such as molds can be greatly reduced.
また、本発明の加工方法は、符号ｅに示すように、仕上加工用の専用プログラムを作成することにより、算術平均粗さ（Ｒａ）が０．０６μｍ以下の表面粗さを得ることもでき、従来のみがき加工（符号ｂ：Ｒａが０．１２μｍ）と比較して表面加工粗さを飛躍的に向上させることも可能になった。このように、本発明の加工方法は、目標とする表面粗さに応じて様々な加工方法を選択でき、工数の削減と精度向上の両立が可能になった。 In addition, the processing method of the present invention can also obtain a surface roughness with an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.06 μm or less by creating a dedicated program for finishing, as indicated by symbol e. Compared with the conventional post-processing (symbol b: Ra is 0.12 μm), it is possible to dramatically improve the surface processing roughness. As described above, according to the processing method of the present invention, various processing methods can be selected according to the target surface roughness, and both reduction in man-hours and improvement in accuracy can be achieved.
これまで、工具本体１０の先端部に略半球状を成す１の球面加工部１１が研削形成された仕上加工用工具について説明してきたが、本発明の仕上加工用工具は実施例の構成に限定されるものではない。本発明の仕上加工用工具は、工具本体１０の先端部に、軸線１３上に加工中心１４を持つ同一半径の球面形状に研削形成された２以上の球面加工部１１を有していてもよい。この場合、工具本体１０の先端部は、球面加工部１１以外の領域に逃がし部を形成し、球面加工部１１と逃がし部の間には切削刃を形成する稜線を設けない。 Up to now, the finishing tool in which one spherical processing portion 11 having a substantially hemispherical shape is ground and formed at the tip of the tool body 10 has been described. However, the finishing tool of the present invention is limited to the configuration of the embodiment. Is not to be done. The finishing tool of the present invention may have two or more spherical machining portions 11 formed by grinding into a spherical shape with the same radius having a machining center 14 on an axis 13 at the tip of the tool body 10. . In this case, the tip of the tool body 10 forms a relief portion in a region other than the spherical machining portion 11, and no ridge line forming a cutting blade is provided between the spherical machining portion 11 and the relief portion.
また、本発明の仕上加工用工具は、軸線１３回りに回転する工具本体１０の先端部に、軸線１３回りの回転軌跡が略半球状を成す１又は２以上の球面加工部１１が研削形成された構成にしてもよい。この場合、工具本体１０の先端部には、回転方向と交差する方向に溝状の逃がし部を形成している。球面加工部１１は、回転方向に幅を有する球面形状を成し、逃がし部との間には切削刃を形成する稜線を設けない。この構成により、本発明の仕上加工用工具は、仕上加工時に僅かに発生する削り粕を逃がし部から効率よく排出することができる。 Further, in the finishing tool of the present invention, one or two or more spherical machining portions 11 whose rotation locus around the axis 13 forms a substantially hemispherical shape are ground and formed at the tip of the tool body 10 that rotates around the axis 13. A configuration may be used. In this case, a groove-shaped relief portion is formed at the tip portion of the tool body 10 in a direction crossing the rotation direction. The spherical processed portion 11 has a spherical shape having a width in the rotation direction, and no ridge line that forms a cutting blade is provided between the spherical processed portion 11 and the escape portion. With this configuration, the finishing tool of the present invention can efficiently discharge the shavings generated slightly during the finishing process from the escape portion.
１ 被加工部位１０ 工具本体１１ 球面加工部１２ シャンク部１３ 軸線１４ 加工中心２０ ボールエンドミル２１ 切刃部２２ シャンク部２３ 切削刃２４ 掬い面２５ 逃げ面 Ｗ ワーク DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processed part 10 Tool main body 11 Spherical surface processing part 12 Shank part 13 Axis 14 Processing center 20 Ball end mill 21 Cutting edge part 22 Shank part 23 Cutting edge 24 Scrape surface 25 Relief face W Workpiece
本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、被加工部位に対して相対移動して仕上加工を行う仕上加工用工具であって、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線上に加工中心を持つ所定半径の球面形状に研削形成又は切削形成された１又は２以上の球面加工部を有し、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の材質で形成され、前記球面加工部以外の領域に逃がし部を形成し、前記球面加工部と前記逃がし部の間に切削刃を有しないことを特徴とする仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a finishing tool for performing a finishing process by moving relative to a part to be processed, on a front end portion of a tool body that rotates about an axis, on the axis. one or more spherically portion which is ground formed or cut formed in a predetermined radius of spherical shape with a machining center possess, the spherical working section, is formed of a material having high hardness from the work site, the spherically The present invention provides a finishing tool characterized in that a relief portion is formed in a region other than the portion, and no cutting blade is provided between the spherical machining portion and the relief portion .
また、本発明は、被加工部位に対して相対移動して仕上加工を行う仕上加工用工具であって、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線回りの回転軌跡が略半球状を成す１又は２以上の球面加工部が研削形成又は切削形成され、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の材質で形成され、前記球面加工部以外の領域に逃がし部を形成し、前記球面加工部と前記逃がし部の間に切削刃を有しないことを特徴とする仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。 Further, the present invention is a finishing tool for performing a finishing process by moving relative to a part to be processed , and a rotation locus around the axis is substantially hemispherical at a tip portion of a tool body that rotates around the axis. One or two or more spherical processed parts that are formed by grinding or cutting , the spherical processed part is formed of a material having a higher hardness than the part to be processed, and a relief part is formed in a region other than the spherical processed part, The present invention provides a finishing tool characterized in that no cutting blade is provided between the spherical processed portion and the relief portion .
また、本発明は、被加工部位に対して相対移動して仕上加工を行う仕上加工用工具であって、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線上に加工中心を持ち、所定半径の略半球状を成す１の球面加工部が研削形成又は切削形成され、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の材質で形成された仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、被加工部位に対して相対移動して仕上加工を行う仕上加工用工具であって、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線回りの回転軌跡が略半球状を成す１の球面加工部が研削形成又は切削形成され、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の材質で略半球状に形成された仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。
In addition, the present invention is a finishing tool for performing a finishing process by moving relative to a part to be processed, having a processing center on the axis at the tip of a tool body that rotates around the axis, The present invention provides a finishing tool in which one spherical processed portion having a substantially hemispherical radius is ground or cut, and the spherical processed portion is formed of a material having a hardness higher than that of a workpiece.
Further, the present invention is a finishing tool for performing a finishing process by moving relative to a part to be processed, and a rotation locus around the axis is substantially hemispherical at a tip portion of a tool body that rotates around the axis. A finishing tool is provided in which one spherical machining portion is formed by grinding or cutting, and the spherical machining portion is formed in a substantially hemispherical shape with a material having a hardness higher than that of the workpiece.
また、本発明は、被加工部位に対して相対移動して仕上加工（但し、旋削加工を除く。）を行う仕上加工用工具であって、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線上に加工中心を持ち、所定半径の略半球状を成す１の球面加工部が研削形成又は切削形成され、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の材質で形成された仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、被加工部位に対して相対移動して仕上加工（但し、旋削加工を除く。）を行う仕上加工用工具であって、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線回りの回転軌跡が略半球状を成す１の球面加工部が研削形成又は切削形成され、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の材質で略半球状に形成された仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。
Further, the present invention is a finishing tool for performing a finishing process (except for a turning process) by moving relative to a part to be processed, the tip of the tool body rotating about an axis line, For finishing work, one spherical machining part having a machining center on an axis and having a substantially hemispherical shape with a predetermined radius is formed by grinding or cutting, and the spherical machining part is made of a material harder than the part to be machined. A tool is provided.
Further, the present invention is a finishing tool for performing a finishing process (except for a turning process) by moving relative to a part to be processed, the tip of the tool body rotating about an axis line, A finishing tool in which one spherical machining portion whose rotation trajectory around the axis forms a substantially hemispherical shape is formed by grinding or cutting, and the spherical machining portion is formed in a substantially hemispherical shape with a material harder than the part to be machined. Is to provide.
本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、被加工部位に対してＸ軸、Ｙ軸、Ｚ軸方向に相対移動し、被加工部位への押圧回転によって自由曲面の仕上加工を行う仕上加工用工具であって、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線上に加工中心を持つ所定半径の球面形状に形成された１又は２以上の球面加工部と、前記工具本体の他端側に、前記軸線を中心とする円柱状のシャンク部と、を有し、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度であり、超硬合金又は高速度工具鋼などのＨＲＡ９３以上の硬質材料を研削加工又は切削加工して形成され、前記球面加工部以外の領域に逃がし部を形成し、前記球面加工部と前記逃がし部の間に切削刃を有しないで、被加工部位の削り残し部に対して削り屑の発生を伴う削り取り加工を可能にしたことを特徴とする仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is for finish machining that moves relative to the work site in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, and finishes a free-form surface by pressing and rotating the work site. a tool, the tip portion of the tool body which rotates around an axis, and one or more spherical machining section has been made form a predetermined radius of spherical shape with a processing center on the axis, the other of the tool body A cylindrical shank portion centered on the axis on the end side, and the spherical processed portion is harder than the workpiece and is harder than HRA93 such as cemented carbide or high-speed tool steel It is formed by grinding or cutting the material, forms a relief part in a region other than the spherical machining part, and does not have a cutting blade between the spherical machining part and the relief part , so that the remaining part to be machined remains. It is possible to cut off parts with generation of shavings. It is intended to provide a machining tool finishing characterized.
また、本発明は、被加工部位に対してＸ軸、Ｙ軸、Ｚ軸方向に相対移動し、被加工部位への押圧回転によって自由曲面の仕上加工を行う仕上加工用工具であって、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線回りの回転軌跡が略半球状を成す１又は２以上の球面加工部が形成され、前記工具本体の他端側に、前記軸線を中心とする円柱状のシャンク部を有し、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度であり、超硬合金又は高速度工具鋼などのＨＲＡ９３以上の硬質材料を研削加工又は切削加工して形成され、前記球面加工部以外の領域に逃がし部を形成し、前記球面加工部と前記逃がし部の間に切削刃を有しないで、被加工部位の削り残し部に対して削り屑の発生を伴う削り取り加工を可能にしたことを特徴とする仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。 The present invention also relates to a finishing tool that moves relative to the processing part in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions and performs a free-form surface finishing process by pressing and rotating the processing part. the distal end of the tool body rotates around said one or more spherically portion rotation locus about the axis is substantially forms a hemispherical made form, to the other end of the tool body, and around the said axis A cylindrical shank portion that is formed by grinding or cutting a hard material of HRA93 or higher, such as a cemented carbide or high-speed tool steel, having a higher hardness than the part to be processed. , the relief portion is formed in a region other than the spherical working section, with no cutting edge between said relief portion and said spherical surface machining section, scraped involves the generation of swarf against uncut portions of the work site the machining tools finish, characterized in that to allow machining It is intended to provide.
また、本発明は、被加工部位に対してＸ軸、Ｙ軸、Ｚ軸方向に相対移動し、被加工部位への押圧回転によって自由曲面の仕上加工を行う仕上加工用工具であって、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線上に加工中心を持ち、所定半径の略半球状を成す１の球面加工部が形成され、前記工具本体の他端側に、前記軸線を中心とする円柱状のシャンク部を有し、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度であり、超硬合金又は高速度工具鋼などのＨＲＡ９３以上の硬質材料を研削加工又は切削加工して形成され、被加工部位の削り残し部に対して削り屑の発生を伴う削り取り加工を可能にした仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、被加工部位に対してＸ軸、Ｙ軸、Ｚ軸方向に相対移動し、被加工部位への押圧回転によって自由曲面の仕上加工を行う仕上加工用工具であって、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線回りの回転軌跡が略半球状を成す１の球面加工部が形成され、前記工具本体の他端側に、前記軸線を中心とする円柱状のシャンク部を有し、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度であり、超硬合金又は高速度工具鋼などのＨＲＡ９３以上の硬質材料を研削加工又は切削加工して略半球状に形成され、被加工部位の削り残し部に対して削り屑の発生を伴う削り取り加工を可能にした仕上加工用工具を提供するものである。
Further, the present invention is, X-axis relative to the work site, Y-axis, and the relative movement in the Z-axis direction, a machining tool finishing performs finishing pressurized Engineering of the free-form surface by the pressing rotation to the machining area, the distal end of the tool body which rotates about an axis, said axis to have a processing center, the spherical machining section 1 forming a predetermined radius of approximately hemispherical shape made form, to the other end of said tool body, said axis A spherical shank part, and the spherical processed part is harder than the part to be machined , and grinding or cutting a hard material of HRA93 or higher such as cemented carbide or high-speed tool steel. Thus, a finishing tool is provided which can be formed by cutting off with the generation of shavings on an uncut portion of a part to be processed .
Further, the present invention is, X-axis relative to the work site, Y-axis, and the relative movement in the Z-axis direction, a machining tool finishing performs finishing pressurized Engineering of the free-form surface by the pressing rotation to the machining area, the distal end of the tool body which rotates about the axis, the spherical machining section of 1 rotation locus about the axis forms a substantially hemispherical is made form, to the other end of the tool body, a circle centered on said axis It has a columnar shank part, and the spherical processed part is harder than the part to be processed , and a hard material of HRA93 or higher such as cemented carbide or high-speed tool steel is ground or cut into a substantially hemispherical shape. It is an object of the present invention to provide a finishing tool that can be formed and scraped with generation of shavings on an uncut portion of a part to be processed .
また、本発明は、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線上に加工中心を持つ所定半径の球面形状に形成された１又は２以上の球面加工部と、前記工具本体の他端側に、前記軸線を中心とする円柱状のシャンク部と、を有し、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の超硬合金又は高速度工具鋼を研削加工又は切削加工して形成され、前記球面加工部以外の領域に逃がし部を形成し、前記球面加工部と前記逃がし部の間に切削刃を有しない仕上加工用工具を用いた加工方法であって、被加工部位を、切削刃を有するボールエンドミルで加工した後に、前記仕上加工用工具を被加工部位に対してＸ軸、Ｙ軸、Ｚ軸方向に相対移動させ、前記仕上加工用工具の半径と、前記仕上加工用工具を制御する加工軌跡を生成する際に設定される前記被加工部位からのオフセット量と、を調整し、被加工部位に対する前記仕上加工用工具の押圧回転によって、被加工部位の削り残し部に対して削り屑の発生を伴う削り取り加工による自由曲面の仕上加工を行うことを特徴とする加工方法を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線回りの回転軌跡が略半球状を成す１又は２以上の球面加工部が形成され、前記工具本体の他端側に、前記軸線を中心とする円柱状のシャンク部を有し、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の超硬合金又は高速度工具鋼を研削加工又は切削加工して形成され、前記球面加工部以外の領域に逃がし部を形成し、前記球面加工部と前記逃がし部の間に切削刃を有しない仕上加工用工具を用いた加工方法であって、被加工部位を、切削刃を有するボールエンドミルで加工した後に、前記仕上加工用工具を被加工部位に対してＸ軸、Ｙ軸、Ｚ軸方向に相対移動させ、前記仕上加工用工具の半径と、前記仕上加工用工具を制御する加工軌跡を生成する際に設定される前記被加工部位からのオフセット量と、を調整し、被加工部位に対する前記仕上加工用工具の押圧回転によって、被加工部位の削り残し部に対して削り屑の発生を伴う削り取り加工による自由曲面の仕上加工を行うことを特徴とする加工方法を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線上に加工中心を持ち、所定半径の略半球状を成す１の球面加工部が形成され、前記工具本体の他端側に、前記軸線を中心とする円柱状のシャンク部を有し、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の超硬合金又は高速度工具鋼を研削加工又は切削加工して形成された仕上加工用工具を用いた加工方法であって、被加工部位を、切削刃を有するボールエンドミルで加工した後に、前記仕上加工用工具を被加工部位に対してＸ軸、Ｙ軸、Ｚ軸方向に相対移動させ、前記仕上加工用工具の半径と、前記仕上加工用工具を制御する加工軌跡を生成する際に設定される前記被加工部位からのオフセット量と、を調整し、被加工部位に対する前記仕上加工用工具の押圧回転によって、被加工部位の削り残し部に対して削り屑の発生を伴う削り取り加工による自由曲面の仕上加工を行うことを特徴とする加工方法を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、軸線回りに回転する工具本体の先端部に、前記軸線回りの回転軌跡が略半球状を成す１の球面加工部が形成され、前記工具本体の他端側に、前記軸線を中心とする円柱状のシャンク部を有し、前記球面加工部が、被加工部位より高硬度の超硬合金又は高速度工具鋼を研削加工又は切削加工して略半球状に形成された仕上加工用工具を用いた加工方法であって、被加工部位を、切削刃を有するボールエンドミルで加工した後に、前記仕上加工用工具を被加工部位に対してＸ軸、Ｙ軸、Ｚ軸方向に相対移動させ、前記仕上加工用工具の半径と、前記仕上加工用工具を制御する加工軌跡を生成する際に設定される前記被加工部位からのオフセット量と、を調整し、被加工部位に対する前記仕上加工用工具の押圧回転によって、被加工部位の削り残し部に対して削り屑の発生を伴う削り取り加工による自由曲面の仕上加工を行うことを特徴とする加工方法を提供するものである。
Further, the present invention provides one or more spherical machining portions formed in a spherical shape with a predetermined radius having a machining center on the axis at the tip of the tool main body that rotates about the axis, and other than the tool main body. A cylindrical shank portion centered on the axis on the end side, and the spherical processed portion grinds or cuts a cemented carbide or high-speed tool steel having a hardness higher than that of the workpiece. A machining method using a finishing tool that is formed and has a relief portion formed in a region other than the spherical machining portion and does not have a cutting blade between the spherical machining portion and the relief portion. After finishing with a ball end mill having a cutting blade, the finishing tool is relatively moved in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions with respect to the part to be processed, the radius of the finishing tool, and the finishing process Set when generating the machining trajectory that controls the tool The amount of offset from the workpiece is adjusted, and the free-form surface of the free-form surface by scraping with generation of shavings to the uncut portion of the workpiece by the press rotation of the finishing tool against the workpiece The present invention provides a processing method characterized by performing finish processing .
Further, in the present invention, one or two or more spherical processed portions in which the rotation locus around the axis forms a substantially hemispherical shape are formed at the tip of the tool body rotating around the axis, A spherical shank portion centered on the axis, and the spherical processed portion is formed by grinding or cutting a cemented carbide or high-speed tool steel having a hardness higher than that of the workpiece. A machining method using a finishing tool that forms a relief part in a region other than the machining part and does not have a cutting blade between the spherical machining part and the relief part, and has a machining part having a cutting blade After machining with a ball end mill, the finishing tool is moved relative to the work site in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions to control the radius of the finishing tool and the finishing tool. The workpiece to be set when generating the machining trajectory The amount of offset from the workpiece is adjusted, and the finishing process of the free-form surface is performed by scraping with the generation of shavings on the remaining portion of the workpiece by pressing and rotating the finishing tool against the workpiece. The processing method characterized by this is provided.
According to the present invention, one spherical machining portion having a machining center on the axis and having a substantially hemispherical shape with a predetermined radius is formed at the tip of the tool main body that rotates about the axis, and the other end of the tool main body is formed. A cylindrical shank portion centered on the axis is provided on the side, and the spherical processed portion is formed by grinding or cutting a cemented carbide or high-speed tool steel having a hardness higher than that of the workpiece. A machining method using a finishing tool, wherein after machining a processed part with a ball end mill having a cutting blade, the finishing tool is moved in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions with respect to the processed part. And adjusting the radius of the finishing tool and the offset amount from the workpiece set when generating the machining trajectory for controlling the finishing tool, with respect to the workpiece By pressing and rotating the finishing tool, There is provided a processing method and performing finishing of the free-form surface by scraping process involving the generation of swarf against uncut portions of the machining area.
According to the present invention, one spherical processed portion having a substantially hemispherical rotation trajectory around the axis is formed at the tip of the tool body that rotates about the axis, and the axis line is formed at the other end of the tool body. A finish having a cylindrical shank portion centered on the surface, and the spherical processed portion is formed into a substantially hemispherical shape by grinding or cutting a cemented carbide or high-speed tool steel having a hardness higher than that of the workpiece. A machining method using a machining tool, wherein after machining a machining site with a ball end mill having a cutting blade, the finish machining tool is moved in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions with respect to the machining site. Relative movement, adjusting the radius of the finishing tool and the offset amount from the workpiece set when generating the machining trajectory for controlling the finishing tool, and the relative to the workpiece Due to the pressing rotation of the finishing tool, There is provided a processing method and performing finishing of the free-form surface by scraping machining cutting involves generation of scrap against the uncut portion of the site.
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