JP2013039084A - Pleurotus eryngii and method for artificially cultivating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide Pleurotus eryngii different in a shape from a conventional Pleurotus eryngii, which quality is less likely to deteriorate after packaged and has long life; and to provide a method for artificially cultivating the same.SOLUTION: The Pleurotus eryngii includes an umbrella and a stalk. The umbrella has a rounded upward projection shape comprising a part of a sphere, a prolate spheroid or an oblate spheroid, or a flat shape, and has cracks on the surface of the umbrella. To form the cracks, light of 500 lx or more is emitted toward a fruit body during growth and the temperature is set to be 5-18°C and the humidity is set to be ≤85% during the latter period of the growth.

Description

  The present invention relates to eringi and an artificial cultivation method thereof.

  Among the moss, eringi is one of the foods that has become popular because it is crunchy and can be mass-produced. Since eringi does not grow naturally in Japan, eringi is generally artificially cultivated indoors. Indoor artificial cultivation is performed in an environment where temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and light are controlled, and in the budding and growing process, the temperature ranges from 15 to 17 ° C. and the humidity ranges from 85 to 95% under good conditions and always. It is not cultivated with high humidity, but is cultivated with a limited amount of light. Elingi cultivated under these conditions has an umbrella with a light brown color, the edge of the umbrella wraps inside, and the shape of the umbrella is almost flat, but it has a rounded mountain shape or a center. It may become a concave shape. In addition, eringi is sold in the shape of a white pattern with no wrinkles or wrinkles and a longer pattern than an umbrella.

  Non-patent document 1 describes a general method for cultivating eringi.

“2010 Mushroom Yearbook Newest Mushroom Cultivation Technology”, Special Product Information Co., Ltd./Plants World Co., Ltd., issued April 30, 2010, p. 182-185

  Until now, eringi has been distributed in the market without any cracks in the umbrella. However, although it depends on the storage method, it can be stored only for a few days to a week even if it is stored at a constant temperature at a low temperature without freezing.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to provide an eringi that has a shape different from that of the conventional eringi and is unlikely to deteriorate in quality after packaging, and an artificial cultivation method thereof. There is to do.

  In order to achieve the above object, the eringi of the present invention comprises the following constitution. That is, the present invention has an umbrella and a handle, and the umbrella has a flat shape from an upwardly rounded shape that forms a part of a sphere, spheroid or oblate, and cracks are formed on the surface of the umbrella. It is characterized by having. According to this configuration, it is possible to provide eringi having a shape different from that of conventional eringi that is artificially cultivated indoors.

By having a crack extending in the axial direction on the outer surface of the handle, it is possible to provide an eringi having a characteristic shape not found in the conventional eringi.
When the water content of the eringi is in the range of 70 to 85%, the water content is lower than that of the conventional indoor cultivated eringi, and it is possible to provide eringi that lasts for a long time because its quality is not easily deteriorated.
Furthermore, when the sugar content of the eringi is in the range of 6 to 25%, it is possible to provide eringi having a concentrated sweetness and umami component as compared with the eringi artificially cultivated indoors.

  Moreover, the artificial cultivation method of the eringi of this invention is equipped with the following structure. That is, the present invention is the artificial cultivation method of eringi according to any one of the above, wherein 500 lx or more of light is irradiated toward the fruiting body at the time of growth, and the temperature is 5 to 18 ° C. and the humidity is 85% or less at the later stage of growth. In this way, the umbrella is cracked. According to this structure, the artificial cultivation method of the cracked eringi can be provided.

By temporarily changing to an environment outside the temperature range of the late growth stage, the growth of the body or the fruiting body structure becomes dense, cracks are surely generated, while the moisture content is low and the artificial watering can be stored for a long time A cultivation method can be provided.
By irradiating light stronger than the illuminance irradiated at the early stage of growth toward the fruiting body in the late growth stage, it is possible to provide a method for artificially cultivating eringi that can shorten the time required for cracking.

  According to the eringi and the artificial cultivation method thereof according to the present invention, it is possible to provide the eringi and the artificial cultivation method thereof that have different shapes so far and are less prone to deterioration.

It is a photograph which shows an example of the form of eringi concerning this invention. It is a photograph which shows an example of the form of the conventional cultivation method (left) and the eringi (right) based on this invention. It is a photograph which shows an example of the form of eringi after sprouting and after a sprouting process and before irradiating light of 1000 lx. It is a photograph which shows an example of the form of eringi after sprouting and irradiating 1000 lx light after a sprouting process. After irradiating 1000 lx light, it is a photograph which shows an example of the form of eringi after changing to the environment outside the temperature range of the late growth stage, and simultaneously irradiating 10000 lx sunlight.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a photograph showing an example of eringi according to this embodiment. As described above, the eringi according to the present embodiment has an umbrella and a handle, and has a shape different from that of the eringi obtained by the conventional artificial cultivation method, and the umbrella forms a part of a sphere, an oval or an oblate sphere. There is a range from a round shape that is convex upward to a flat shape. In addition, the surface of the eringi umbrella is cracked.

  FIG. 2 is a photograph showing an example of eringi according to a conventional cultivation method (left) and this embodiment (right). Thus, unlike the eringi obtained by the conventional cultivation method, the eringi according to this embodiment is obtained by irradiating light and controlling the growth temperature and the growth humidity. More specifically, it is an eringi that irradiates the fruit body with light of 500 lx or more during growth and cracks the umbrella by controlling the temperature to 5 to 18 ° C. and the humidity to 85% or less in the later stage of growth. . A crack extending in the axial direction may be formed on the outer surface of the eringi handle.

  The eringi obtained according to the present embodiment has a moisture content of 70 to 85%. Moreover, sugar content will be 6-25%.

  The medium used in the artificial cultivation of eringi in the present embodiment is a medium to which a solid content and a water composed of a medium base material, a medium nutrient material, and a pH adjuster are added. As the medium substrate, corn cob meal, softwood or hardwood saw, cottonseed husk etc. can be used alone or in combination. As the medium nutrient material, rice bran, bran, beet pulp, homini feed, dried okara and the like can be used alone or in combination. As a pH adjuster for adjusting the pH of the medium substrate, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), shells, calcium carbonate, and the like can be added.

  The pH of the medium affects the cultivation period, and the mixing ratio of the medium base material, nutrient material and water also affects the growth of mycelia. Therefore, the pH of the culture medium is in the range of 5.8 to 6.2, and the mixture is mixed with water so that the water content of the culture medium is 64 to 67 wt%, thereby producing a uniform culture medium.

  The capacity of the cultivation bottle is 500 cc to 1200 cc, and the inside diameter and material of the bottle mouth are not particularly limited, but preferably a polypropylene bottle having a bottle mouth inside diameter of about 50 to 75 mm is used. The culture medium prepared in this cultivation bottle is stuffed so that it may become regular weight. In addition, the cultivation container is not limited to the cultivation bin, but can be cultivated using bags and boxes, although the degree of growth of eringi is different. Hereinafter, an embodiment in which cultivation is performed using a cultivation bin will be described.

  An inoculum hole is made in the culture medium in the cultivation bottle, the cultivation bottle is plugged and sterilized, and after sterilization, the cultivation bottle is allowed to cool to about 18 ° C. After cooling, the cultivation bottle is opened under a sterile atmosphere, inoculated with a predetermined amount of inoculum of Eringi strain in the cultivation bottle, and plugged. The variety of eringi is not particularly limited.

  The cultivation bottle is moved to the culture room to allow fungus rotation, and the mycelium is spread throughout the medium in the bottle under conditions of a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C., preferably 20 to 22 ° C., a humidity of 65 to 85%, preferably about 75%. . Thereafter, the culture is completed by aging for several days to several weeks.

  After maturation, scrape the fungus to promote germination. The surface of the inoculated original seed and culture medium at the top of the bottle is scraped to newly expose the fungus bed surface and to form an eringi generation surface.

  In order to generate fruiting bodies, the cultivation bottle is moved to a sprouting room, and germinated while preventing the drying by inverting the bottle upside down in a container in an environment of a temperature of 14 to 15 ° C. and a humidity of about 85 to 95%. If necessary, cut buds to make several fruit bodies.

The cultivated bottle after lacking buds is moved to the growth room and grown.
The growth process in the method of artificial cultivation of eringi of this embodiment is divided into an early growth stage and a late growth stage, and in particular, the late stage is an artificial cultivation method of eringi grown under conditions significantly different from those in the past. It is important to place it in an environment of 85% or less. This causes the umbrella and the handle to crack. In addition to this, it is important to irradiate the fruit body with strong light of 500 lx or more during growth. This suppresses the growth of eringi, especially the growth of the handle. In addition to causing cracks in the umbrella and handle, the surface of the umbrella and handle can be colored more intensely. By applying light stronger than the light of the conventional cultivation method of about 100 to 300 lx, the artificial cultivation conditions of eringi are established, and the shape of eringi is different from conventional eringi and exhibits an unprecedented texture and taste. Can be provided.

  Regarding the temperature and humidity at the initial stage of growth, according to the sprouting process, the cultivation bottle is placed in an environment with a temperature of 13 to 18 ° C., preferably 14 to 15 ° C. and a humidity of about 85 to 95%, and the fruit body has an illuminance of 500 to 1500 lx. Preferably, light of about 1000 lx is irradiated continuously or intermittently for 8 hours a day. During this period, buds are cut out, and finally about 2 fruiting bodies are left. Moreover, as long as it irradiates light, the method and the wavelength of light are not specifically limited, You may irradiate using a fluorescent lamp or a light emitting diode.

  FIG. 3 is a photograph showing an example of the form of eringi after the sprouting and sprouting steps and before irradiation with 1000 lx light. FIG. 4 is a photograph showing an example of the form of eringi after sprouting and irradiating with 1000 lx light after the sprouting process. From each figure, at the time when the initial growth process is completed, the shape and color of the eryngii obtained at the same growth process stage in the conventional artificial cultivation method of eringi are almost the same.

  The period of the initial growth period is until the diameter of the herring and the stem diameter are approximately the same, and the umbrella diameter and the stem diameter shown in FIG. It is a period until it becomes a shape of size. When the umbrella diameter grows to the same size as the stem diameter, it is transferred to the temperature and humidity environment at the later stage of growth. Although it varies depending on the cultivation container, it takes about 2 to 5 days in the case of cultivation bottles to be the same as the umbrella diameter and stem diameter.

  The humidity and temperature environment at the later stage of growth is 85% or less, preferably 60 to 85%. Although the temperature at this time will not be specifically limited if it is the range of 5-18 degreeC, It is preferable that it is low temperature rather than normal artificial cultivation conditions, More preferably, it is 6-9 degreeC. Further, in the late growth stage, cracks are surely generated by temporarily changing to an environment outside the temperature range of the late growth stage. Moreover, even if it changes temporarily to the environment outside the humidity range of the said late stage of growth, it cracks. Furthermore, cracking occurs even if both the temperature and humidity at the later stage of growth are temporarily changed outside the above range. However, in order to crack more reliably with respect to humidity conditions, it is preferable to temporarily change the humidity to a low humidity environment where the humidity is 85% or less within the late growth range, more preferably 60% or less.

  The light irradiation condition in the late growth stage is an illuminance of 500 lx or more, and irradiation is performed continuously or intermittently depending on the situation. The light irradiated in the early growth stage and the late growth stage is cracked even at the same illuminance, and more preferably, the mushroom state is observed and the fruit body is irradiated with light stronger than the illuminance irradiated in the early growth stage. This makes it possible to shorten the time required for cracking to occur reliably. Furthermore, if the illuminance of the irradiated light is increased, the probability of cracking increases.

In order to irradiate light that is stronger than the initial stage of growth, the light may be irradiated by sunlight or by using artificial light such as a halogen lamp. In any case, the illuminance is not limited as long as the light is stronger than the initial growth stage. Preferably, when irradiating with sunlight, light with an illuminance of 10000 lx or more is supplemented with a device such as a halogen lamp when the illuminance is insufficient in cloudy or rainy days for 2-3 hours a day. Irradiate continuously for 2-3 hours a day. In such an environment, it is placed for 5 days to 2 weeks, preferably about 10 days. When the sun is irradiated, the cultivation bottles are taken out outdoors, or even indoors, the temperature and humidity may be outside the range of growth conditions, but cracking occurs more reliably and the moisture content can be lowered. . At this time, the out-of-range temperature is 0 to 5 ° C. or 18 ° C. or more. If the growth temperature is less than 0 ° C., the water contained in the eringi may freeze, so it is preferable not to grow at a temperature less than 0 ° C. Moreover, as long as the same level of light irradiation can be performed with an instrument such as a halogen lamp, the irradiation may be performed indoors, and all processes including this light irradiation process can be performed indoors. As described above, it is possible to provide a method for artificially cultivating eringi that has established cultivation conditions with natural light during the day or artificial light having a brightness comparable to that during the day. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a method for artificially cultivating eringi that can be stored for a long period of time by irradiating strong light different from the conventional one, and the surface of the umbrella is colored brown, has a high sugar content and a low moisture content.
From the above, by irradiating 500 lx or more of light at the later stage of growth, by setting the temperature to 5 to 18 ° C. and the humidity to be 85% or less, the environmental conditions in the later stage of growth can be changed more significantly, although cracking occurs in the eringi. And more reliably cracks the eringi. In other words, the surface of the Eringi umbrella or handle is cracked by actively changing the value to 0-5 ° C or 18 ° C or higher, which is outside the temperature range, and the humidity to the lower humidity side and the light to the higher illuminance side. It is an artificial cultivation method of eringi to be generated.

  FIG. 5 is a photograph showing an example of the form of eringi after irradiation with 1000 lx light and after irradiation with 10000 lx sunlight. Thus, since the cultivation environment in the late growth stage of the present embodiment is a condition in which temperature and humidity are controlled in addition to applying strong light, the color of the umbrella surface of the fruit body is brown, and the surface of the handle is light brown It is considered that the fruit body was cracked and the umbrella of the fruit body was cracked, and the handle was also cracked. Harvesting is performed from such a color and shape, with an umbrella diameter of about 5 to 6 cm.

  Harvested eringi has a characteristic shape. The ratio of the umbrella diameter to the handle length is in the range of 1: 0.6 to 1.6, and the ratio of the umbrella diameter to the handle diameter is in the range of 1: 0.5 to 0.9. This is different in shape from eringi that has been artificially cultivated indoors. Furthermore, depending on the cultivation conditions, the length of the handle tends to be short.

  The position, size, and number of cracks vary. Cracks can occur at the top of the umbrella or at the edge of the umbrella. In addition, the length, width, and depth of the cracks are various, and the cracks may cross each other. Some are small and some are large. The position, size, and number of cracks vary depending on the cultivation environment such as light, temperature, and humidity.

  Looking at the eringi obtained by the artificial cultivation method of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 5, the eringi according to the present embodiment may have cracks extending in the axial direction on the outer surface of the handle. Furthermore, it has a crack extending in the circumferential direction of the handle connected to a crack extending in the axial direction. In some cases, the outer surface is peeled off and peeled off by the circumferential crack. The position, size, and number of pattern cracks vary depending on the cultivation environment such as light, temperature, and humidity, as with umbrellas. As a result, it is possible to provide an eringi having a characteristic shape not found in conventional eringi.

  Umbrellas are almost uniformly brown and some of the surface of Eringhi's umbrella is darker, but the cracks in the umbrella are light brown. The handle has a thickness that is more than half of the diameter of the umbrella from the base to the middle part of the umbrella, and becomes thinner from the middle part toward the root of the base. The surface of the eringi pattern is yellowish white to light brown, the color of the cracked part is light, and the inside is white. Moreover, although there is a place where peeling occurs and a yellowish white color or brown color is partially increased, such as a horse chestnut, the color is light brown as a whole.

  Also, by irradiating strong fruit toward the fruit body during growth, unlike the conventional eringi, the surface of the umbrella can be colored more intensely. In addition, the surface of the handle can add a light brown color.

  Thus, the moisture content of the eringi grown under strong light is lower than the eringi obtained by the conventional cultivation method and is 85% or less. For this reason, the quality of the eringi after packaging is unlikely to deteriorate and will last longer. Furthermore, by controlling the light, temperature, and humidity conditions, it is possible to obtain an eringi having a moisture content reduced to about 70%. Moreover, when the moisture content exceeds 85%, eringi that does not crack may be formed. Considering other cultivation conditions, the water content of eringi obtained by this embodiment is often in the range of 75 to 85%.

  In addition, the sugar content of eringi is 6 to 25%, the umbrella and the handle (stem) are hard and the flesh is dense, and the umami and fragrance are strong due to the concentration of the components. The sugar content can be changed according to the illuminance, temperature, and humidity of light at the later stage of growth. Furthermore, by controlling the light, temperature, and humidity conditions, it is possible to obtain eryngii having a sugar content increased to about 25%. However, in consideration of other cultivation conditions, there are many cases where the range is 6 to 20%.

Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
As the medium of eringi, cedar sawdust, corn cobmeal, rice bran, bran, beet pulp and cottonseed husk were used. In addition to this, slaked lime was added as a pH adjuster, and the mixture was stirred and mixed so that the water content of the culture medium was 66 to 67%. The culture medium prepared by mixing had a pH of 6.0. 735 g of the culture medium prepared was packed in a 1100 cc, 75 mm caliber bottle made of polypropylene. The medium was inoculated with an inoculum after opening an inoculum hole, plugging and sterilizing, allowing to cool.

  The cultivation bottle was put into a sterilization pot and sterilized under the conditions of 121 ° C. and 50 minutes. Thereafter, the cultivation bottle was cooled to 18 ° C. or lower in a cooling chamber.

  After cooling, about 20 g of inoculum of Eringi strain (Chickash E-40) was placed in a cultivation bottle and inoculated.

  Next, the mycelium was spread throughout the culture medium in the bottle under the culture conditions of a temperature of 20 to 22 ° C. and a humidity of about 75%, and the culture was completed for 30 days.

  After maturation, the surface of the inoculated original seed and culture medium at the top of the bottle was scraped and the bacteria were scraped.

In an environment with a temperature of 14 to 15 ° C. and a humidity of about 85 to 95%, the bottles were turned upside down in the container to germinate. When the buds grew to the vicinity of the bottle mouth over 13 days, the bottle was returned upward.
After that, buds were cut to make several fruit bodies and moved to the growth room.

  As a treatment at the initial stage of growth, the cultivation bottle is placed in an environment of a temperature of 14 to 15 ° C. and a humidity of about 85 to 95% for 3 days, and light irradiation during that period uses a fluorescent lamp that can irradiate the fruit body with an illuminance of about 1000 lx. For 8 hours a day. In addition, buds were cut to reduce the number of fruiting bodies to two or less.

  In the late stage of growth, it was placed in an environment at a temperature of 6.8 to 8.5 ° C. and a humidity of 60 to 80% for 10 days. During this period, the bud umbrella diameter grew to about 1.5 cm, which was the same as the stem diameter. Light irradiation was started from the time point. When irradiating with sunlight, light with an illuminance of 10000 lx or more was irradiated for 2-3 hours a day, and when it was cloudy or raining, light with a similar illuminance was irradiated with a halogen lamp or the like for 2-3 hours a day.

  The obtained eringi was cracked on the surface of the umbrella, and some of the surface of the handle was cracked, and had a characteristic shape. The diameter of the umbrella, the length of the handle, and the diameter of the eight eringi grown in Example 1 were measured, and the values of (length of the handle / umbrella diameter) and (the diameter of the handle / umbrella diameter) were determined. The measurement results and calculation results are shown in Table 1 below.

  The water content and sugar content of the eight eringi grown in Example 1 were measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2 below.

(Example 2)
About the cultivation conditions of Example 2, the culture medium used in Example 2 changes the mixture ratio of each material from the culture medium used in Example 1. FIG. Other cultivation conditions are the same as in Example 1. The water content and sugar content were measured for 8 eringi grown in Example 2. The measurement results are shown in Table 3 below.

(Examples 3 to 5)
About the cultivation conditions of Examples 3-5, each varieties used in Examples 3-5 are three types of varieties different from the Chikumash E-40 of Examples 1 and 2. Other cultivation conditions are the same as in Example 1. The water content and sugar content were measured for each of the eight eringi grown in Examples 3-5. The measurement results are shown in Table 4 below.

(Comparative Examples 1-5)
The eringi obtained by the conventional cultivation method and the eringi obtained by each example of the present invention were compared. Comparing the conditions of the conventional cultivation method and the examples of the present invention, the light, temperature, and humidity conditions during growth are different, and the other conditions are the same. The eringi obtained by the conventional cultivation method is set as Comparative Examples 1-5, and each cultivation condition is made to correspond to Examples 1-5.
The conventional cultivation conditions during the growth of eringi are irradiation with light having an illuminance of 100 to 300 lx for 2 hours a day for 3 days in the early stage of growth, a temperature of 14 to 15 ° C, and a humidity of 85 to 95%. The eringi of the comparative example is placed in this environment for 4 to 7 days and harvested after the umbrella diameter becomes about 5 to 6 cm.
The diameter of the umbrella, the length of the handle and the diameter of the eight eringi grown in Comparative Example 1 were measured, and the values of (length of the handle / umbrella diameter) and (the diameter of the handle / umbrella diameter) were obtained. The measurement results and calculation results are shown in Table 5 below. The water content and sugar content are shown in Table 6 below.
Table 8 below shows the water content and sugar content of 8 eringi grown in Comparative Example 2.
Table 8 below shows the water content and sugar content of each of the eight eringi grown in Comparative Examples 3 to 5.

The period during which the quality of the eringi grown according to this embodiment and the cultivated eringi under conventional light, temperature, and humidity conditions was maintained was investigated. Changes in quality were examined and compared with each eringi being placed in an environment at a temperature of 5 ° C. in the packaged state.
As a result, it has become clear that the eringi according to the present embodiment does not show any softening or discoloration of the umbrella or the handle even after 20 days have passed, and the quality is much less likely to deteriorate compared to the conventional eringi. It was.

Claims (7)

  It has an umbrella and a handle, and the umbrella has a flat shape from an upwardly rounded shape that forms a part of a sphere, an oval or a flat bulb, and has a crack on the surface of the umbrella. Eringi to do.   The eringi according to claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the handle has a crack extending in the axial direction.   The water content of the eringi falls within a range of 70 to 85%.   The eringi according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sugar content of the eringi is in the range of 6 to 25%.   The artificial cultivation method of eringi according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least 500 lx of light is irradiated toward a fruiting body at the time of growth, and the temperature is 5 to 18 ° C and the humidity is 85% at a later stage of growth. An artificial method for cultivating eringi characterized in that the cracking is caused in the umbrella by:   6. The method for artificially cultivating eringi according to claim 5, wherein the environment is temporarily changed to an environment outside the temperature range of the late growth stage.   The method for artificially cultivating eringi according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, in the later stage of growth, the fruit body is irradiated with light stronger than the illuminance irradiated in the early stage of growth.