JP2013014453A - Repairing material for crack accompanying water leakage in concrete structure and repairing method for crack using the repairing material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a repairing material which can stop water leakage by effectively repairing cracks accompanying the water leakage that occur in a concrete structure such as a viaduct or tunnel in service, without hindering the service of the concrete structure, and to provide a repairing method for the cracks using the same.SOLUTION: The repairing material for the cracks accompanying the water leakage in the concrete structure is a paste containing cement, water and a self-healing material wherein the self-healing material contains a layered silicate mineral, feldspar, oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid.

Description

  The present invention relates to a repair material for cracks with water leakage in a concrete structure and a repair method for the cracks using the repair material, and particularly to a repair material containing a self-healing material used for cracks with water leakage in a concrete structure, and The present invention relates to a method for repairing the crack using the repair material.

  Concrete used for construction of buildings or civil structures includes cement, water, aggregate, and the like, and has a property of hardening by a hydration reaction of cement. The hardened concrete may be cracked due to the action of stress, temperature change or volume change due to drying or the like. Cracks in concrete cause water leakage, rebar corrosion, and the like, which is a major factor in greatly reducing durability, so repairing or the like is necessary if the degree of cracking is large. For example, in concrete structures such as concrete viaducts and tunnels for railways and automobiles, repairs such as injection of repair fillers and cross-section repairs for cracks occurring in concrete slabs and bridge piers and tunnel lining concrete Is done.

  However, when repairing cracks generated in concrete slab floor slabs, piers, and tunnel lining concrete, it is necessary to implement traffic regulations including closed roads in the viaduct or tunnel in service. There was a problem that it took a long time and was very expensive. Furthermore, when repairing cracks caused by water leakage caused by rainwater or groundwater, organic repair materials such as epoxy resins and urethane resins may cause poor injection, poor curing, and poor adhesion in the presence of water. As a result, there was a problem that the repair itself was very difficult.

  In addition, concrete structures such as viaducts used in open air are concrete structures due to changes in the environment (temperature, humidity, solar radiation, etc. depending on the season and weather) and loads and vibrations from trains and vehicles traveling above. The crack width changes with time. Therefore, even if the cracks are repaired once, cracks may occur again due to changes in the environment (temperature, humidity, solar radiation, etc. depending on the season and weather) and the load and vibration of the trains and vehicles traveling above. There is a demand for repair technology that follows changes in crack width caused by the external environment of the structure.

  In view of this point, even if the concrete structure is not repaired, waterproofed, waterproofed, etc., it can maintain the waterproof performance and durability. Self-healing concrete that can be repaired by itself has been developed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, 3, and 4).

However, the self-healing concrete as described above does not provide reliable cracking self-healing performance, and further improvement of the water stopping performance after the occurrence of cracking is required.
In addition, when used in building structures, it can exhibit sufficient self-healing not only for a period immediately after placing concrete but also for cracks after a long period of time. Is also sought.

  In particular, in Patent Document 4 described above, a material having self-healing performance (aluminosilicate, magnesium silicate, carbonate, calcium oxide, expanded material, etc.) is added to the concrete, and the concrete itself is used when cracking occurs by utilizing its chemical action. However, these materials with self-healing performance are highly water-absorbing, swelling, or highly reactive with water. In order to recover the slump, the amount of water reducing agent added must be increased, and there is a problem that the setting of the concrete is significantly delayed or the manufacturing cost is increased.

  Further, Patent Document 5 proposes a repair technique for waterproofing (stopping water) the lining concrete of a tunnel structure by mixing a self-healing material with a spraying material, but with a large-scale repair by spraying. Therefore, when applied to a concrete structure in service (such as a viaduct or tunnel), there is a problem that the service of the concrete structure has to be stopped.

Japanese Patent No. 3658568 JP 2005-239482 A JP 2007-332010 A JP 2009-190937 A JP 2010-180107 A

  An object of the present invention is to effectively repair a crack in a serviced concrete structure such as a viaduct or a tunnel, which does not interfere with the use of the concrete structure. It is to provide a repair material and a repair method that can be stopped.

  The repair material for cracks with water leakage in the concrete structure of the present invention is a paste containing cement, water and a self-healing material, and the self-healing material is a layered silicate mineral, feldspar, oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid It is characterized by containing an acid.

In another concrete structure of the present invention, the crack repair material with water leakage is mortar containing cement, water, fine aggregate and self-healing material, and the self-healing material is a layered silicate mineral , Feldspar, oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, the fine aggregate is composed of silica, feldspar, porcelain stone, calcium phosphate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, lithium-containing inorganic material or mineral, magnesium In a concrete structure, characterized in that it is at least one material selected from the group consisting of inorganic materials or minerals, amorphous silica-containing inorganic materials, blast furnace slag, and has a maximum particle size of 1 mm or less It is a repair material for cracks with water leakage.
The maximum particle size in the present invention was evaluated by passing through a sieve having a nominal opening of 1 mm as defined in Japanese Industrial Standards JIS Z8801-1 “Sieving for Testing—Part 1: Metal Mesh Sieve”. It is.

  Preferably, in the repair material for cracks with water leakage in the concrete structure of the present invention, the self-healing material further includes calcium phosphate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, magnesium-containing inorganic material or mineral And at least one auxiliary material selected from the group consisting of amorphous silica-containing inorganic materials, ettringite-based and / or quicklime-based expanding materials, calcium oxide, and short fibers.

  The method for repairing a crack with water leakage in a concrete structure according to the present invention is the above-described method for repairing a crack with water leakage in the concrete surface portion directly above the crack on the concrete surface and along the crack portion. It is a repair method of the crack accompanying the water leak in a concrete structure characterized by apply | coating any repair material of this invention.

  Another method for repairing a crack with water leakage in a concrete structure according to the present invention is a method for repairing a crack with water leakage, in which a hole is formed immediately above the crack on the concrete surface and along the cracked portion. After providing a plurality of holes, the repair material according to any one of the present invention is filled or injected into the hole, and further, the concrete surface portion where cracks accompanied by water leakage including the hole filled or injected with the repair material are generated. It is the repair method of the crack accompanying the water leak in a concrete structure characterized by apply | coating the other repair material of this invention.

  Preferably, in the above-described method for repairing cracks with water leakage in the concrete structure of the present invention, before applying, filling or injecting a repair material, an aqueous silicate solution is applied in advance as a base treatment material. .

According to the repair material for cracks with water leakage in the concrete structure of the present invention and the crack repair method using the repair material, the concrete structure, for example, a concrete superstructure of a viaduct, a floor slab bottom and a pier, an abutment side surface Reduce the amount of water leakage (leakage speed) against cracks with water leakage occurring inside the tunnel lining concrete, or cracks with water leakage on slabs, walls, etc. of building structures such as office buildings or condominiums. The healing ability of the self-healing material can be effectively exhibited.
In particular, in concrete structures such as viaducts used in open-air, concrete structures caused by changes in the environment (temperature, humidity, solar radiation, etc. due to seasons and weather) and loads and vibrations caused by trains and vehicles traveling above. Since the crack width has a follow-up property with respect to a change with time, even if the crack width changes (a crack is generated again) in the crack portion once repaired, the crack is self-healed again by the remaining repair material. That is, according to the repair material and the repair method of the present invention, it is possible to follow the change with time of the crack width.
Furthermore, when water leakage of cracks generated in a concrete structure in service is performed, it is possible to shorten the period of service suspension without interfering with service such as road closure.

Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated based on suitable embodiment, it is not limited to these.
The repair material for cracks with water leakage in the concrete structure of the present invention is a paste containing cement, water and a self-healing material, and the self-healing material is a layered silicate mineral, feldspar, oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid It is a repair material for cracks with water leakage in concrete structures containing acid.
In another concrete structure of the present invention, the crack repair material with water leakage is mortar containing cement, water, fine aggregate and self-healing material, and the self-healing material is a layered silicate mineral , Feldspar, oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, the fine aggregate is composed of silica, feldspar, porcelain stone, calcium phosphate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, lithium-containing inorganic material or mineral, magnesium Cracking with water leakage in a concrete structure which is at least one material selected from the group consisting of inorganic materials or minerals, amorphous silica-containing inorganic materials, and blast furnace slag, and has a maximum particle size of 1 mm or less It is a repair material.

  That is, the repair material of the present invention has a follow-up property to the change over time of the crack width of concrete obtained by kneading cement and water or cement and water and fine aggregate with the self-healing material. Paste or mortar.

  Here, the self-healing material is a material containing layered silicate mineral, feldspar, oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, preferably further containing calcium phosphate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, magnesium At least one auxiliary material selected from the group consisting of inorganic materials or minerals, amorphous silica-containing inorganic materials, ettringite-based and / or quicklime-based expansion materials, calcium oxide, and short fibers.

  As the layered silicate mineral (aluminosilicate, magnesium silicate) contained in the self-healing material, kaolinite, halloysite, dickite, nacrite, audlite, clay mineral talc-pyrophyllite group belonging to the kaolin family of clay minerals Talc (talc), Willemsite, Kerolite (Poor crystalline talc), Pimelite (Poor crystalline Willemlite), Pyrophyllite (Corbite, Waxite), Saponite belonging to the smectite group of clay minerals, hectorite , Sauconite, Stevensite, Swinholderite, Montmorillonite, Baydelite, Nontronite, Volconcoreite, Trioctahedral vermiculite belonging to the clay mineral vermiculite group, Octahedron vermiculite, clay mineral mica family Mascobite (muscovite), phlogopite (phlogopite), annite (iron mica), East Knight, siderophyllite tetraferri iron mica, polylithionite, celadon stone, iron ceradonite, iron alumino ceradon stone, alumino ceradon Stone, tobe mica, soda mica, sericite (silica mica), illite belonging to the interlaminar defect type mica group of clay minerals, sea green stone, bramarite, wonnesite, clintnite belonging to the brittle mica group of clay minerals, Kinoshita , Hide mica, pearl mica, clinochlore (chlorite) belonging to the clay mineral chlorite group, chamosite, penantite, nimite, bailicroa, donbasite, kukeite, sudite.

Among these layered silicate minerals (aluminosilicate, magnesium silicate), montmorillonite ((Na, Ca) _0.33 (Al, Mg) 2Si ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ .nH ₂ O, n = indeterminate), talc (talc, is preferably used in _{3MgO · 4SiO 2 · H 2 O} ), even further in the montmorillonite Na- bentonite, Ca-bentonite, acid clay, attapulgite _{(palygorskite, Mg 5 Si 8 O 20 (} OH) 2 (OH ₂ ) ₄ · H ₂ O, except that Mg is partially substituted with Al), Sepiolite (Mg ₈ Si ₁₂ O ₃₀ (OH ₂ ) ₄ (OH) ₄ · 6 to 8H ₂ O) However, it is particularly preferable since it has excellent self-healing performance of cracks due to swelling action.

Further, as the layered silicate mineral (aluminosilicate, magnesium silicate), a general industrial grade pulverized to a particle size of about 10 to 100 μm can be used.
Further, as the layered silicate mineral, the minerals exemplified above may be used alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio.
The layered silicate mineral is preferably contained in a repair material containing a self-healing material in an amount of 3 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint of exhibiting good self-healing performance of cracks.

Further, the feldspar contained in the self-healing material includes anorthite (CaAl ₂ Si ₂ O ₈ ), anorthite (NaAlSi ₃ O ₈ ), plagioclase and minerals containing a continuous solid solution of anorthite and feldspar. orthoclase belonging to feldspar (KAlSi ₃ O _8), albite (NaAlSi ₃ O _8), minerals comprising a continuous solid solution of orthoclase and albite and the like.
Among these, it is particularly preferable to use a strong alkaline substance such as cement or anorthite that easily reacts with oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, but it is mainly composed of feldspar and orthofeldspar for ceramic raw materials that are inexpensive and easily available. Minerals to be used may be used. Any of these may be those of general industrial grade pulverized to a particle size of about 10 to 100 μm. As the feldspar, the minerals exemplified above may be used alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio.
The feldspar is preferably contained in the repair material containing the self-healing material in an amount of 2 to 10% by mass from the viewpoint of exhibiting good self-healing performance of cracks.

  Furthermore, as the oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid contained in the self-healing material, oxycarboxylic acid (hydroxycarboxylic acid; a compound having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group in one molecule), citric acid, L-tartaric acid, malic acid, Examples include lactic acid. Examples of dicarboxylic acids (compounds having two carboxyl groups in one molecule) include oxalic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, itaconic acid (methylene succinic acid), and the like. Among these, citric acid, L-tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, and maleic acid are particularly preferable because they are inexpensive and easily available. These oxycarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acids are preferably used in an industrial grade and in a powder state adjusted to a particle size of about 10 to 100 μm. Acids or dicarboxylic acids can also be used. The oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid is preferably contained in the repair material containing the self-healing material in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by mass from the viewpoint of exhibiting good self-healing performance of cracks.

  The repair material for cracks with water leakage in the concrete structure of the present invention is a paste kneaded with cement and water in the self-healing material mixture, or a mortar kneaded with cement, fine aggregate and water in the self-healing material mixture. is there.

As the cement, Portland cement, other mixed cements, super-hard cement, and the like can be used without particular limitation. Examples of Portland cement include various types of Portland cement such as low heat, moderate heat, normal, early strength, ultra-early strength, and sulfate resistance. Examples of mixed cement include blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, and silica cement. It is done. Examples of super hard cements include alumina cement, 11CaO · 7Al ₂ O ₃ · CaX ₂ (X is a halogen element such as F), Auin (calcium sulfoaluminate (3CaO · 3Al ₂ O ₃ · CaSO ₄ )) Furthermore, the coarse cement which adjusted the above-mentioned various cement to the particle size larger than usual (for example, the largest particle size is 100-300 micrometers, and a brain specific surface area is 500-2000 cm < ² > / g) is mentioned.

Among these, inexpensive Portland cement is preferable, and in order to suppress cracking of the hardened body of mortar or concrete, belite (C ₂ S) in which the drying shrinkage (self-shrinkage) of the hardened body of mortar or concrete is reduced. Particular preference is given to the use of low-heat Portland cement or medium-heated Portland cement with a high content. In addition, when coarse-grained cement adjusted to a particle size larger than usual (for example, maximum particle size is 100 to 300 μm, Blaine specific surface area is 500 to 2000 cm ³ / g), the self-healing performance of the repair material This is preferable because the long-term preservation effect is improved.
Further, as these cements, the cements exemplified above may be used alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio.

The addition amount of the cement is preferably in the range of 50 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 10 parts by mass of the self-healing material. If the added amount of cement is less than 50 parts by mass, the strength of the repair material paste or mortar will be insufficient, and the risk of the repair material applied to or applied to cracked concrete will sag or fall off (drop) due to the action of gravity. This is not preferable because of increased properties.
On the other hand, if the added amount of cement exceeds 100 parts by mass, the content of the self-healing material in the repair material becomes low, and the self-healing performance against cracks accompanying water leakage in the concrete structure cannot be sufficiently obtained, which is not preferable.

Also, the water to be blended is not particularly limited as long as it does not contain organic substances, chloride ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, etc. that adversely affect the cracked concrete cured body that is subject to hydration reaction or repair of the cement. In addition, tap water, industrial water, ground water, river water, rain water, distilled water, high purity water for chemical analysis (ultra pure water, pure water, ion exchange water) and the like can be used. Among these, use of tap water or industrial water which is inexpensive and stable in quality is preferable.
The amount of water added is preferably in the range of 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 10 parts by mass of the total amount of the repair material and cement including the self-healing material. If the amount of water added is less than 2 parts by mass, water is insufficient, and a paste or mortar suitable for application, filling, and pouring on cracked concrete cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the amount of water added exceeds 10 parts by mass, water becomes excessive, causing problems in application or filling (injection), and the strength of the paste and mortar of the repair material is insufficient. The repair material applied or filled (injected) into the resulting concrete is not suitable because it increases the risk of dripping or dropping (falling).

  Furthermore, in order to reduce the amount of water added, a chemical admixture for concrete such as a polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance water reducing agent can be used in combination. As the chemical admixture, those known as water reducing agents used in concrete such as liquid or powder water reducing agents, AE water reducing agents, high performance water reducing agents, high performance AE water reducing agents and the like can be applied without limitation. The chemical admixture is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0% by mass with respect to the cement.

  In addition, the self-healing material may include calcium phosphate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, magnesium-containing inorganic material or mineral, amorphous silica-containing inorganic material, ettringite-based and / or quicklime as necessary. At least one or more auxiliary materials selected from the group consisting of a system expansion material, an inorganic material containing calcium oxide, and short fibers can be further blended.

As calcium phosphate serving as an auxiliary material for the self-healing material, Ca (H ₂ PO ₄ ) ₂ (primary calcium phosphate), CaHPO ₄ (second calcium phosphate), Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ (tricalcium phosphate), bone ash ( And calcium phosphate = Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ ).
Among these calcium phosphates, CaHPO ₄ (secondary calcium phosphate) reacts with calcium hydroxide formed as a hydrate of cement mineral or the layered silicate mineral (magnesium silicate) in the cracked portion of concrete. Ca ₅ (PO ₄ ) ₃ (OH) (hydroxyapatite = hydroxyapatite), Ca ₁₈ Mg ₂ H ₂ (PO ₄ ) ₁₄ (witt rockite), tricalcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate This is particularly preferable because calcium phosphate compounds such as hydrate, calcium hydrogen phosphate anhydrate, amorphous calcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate and the like can be formed and a dense hydrate can be formed in the cracked portion. In addition, it is preferable to use a general industrial grade calcium phosphate pulverized to a particle size of about 10 to 100 μm, and the minerals exemplified above are mixed alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio. Things can also be used.
Calcium phosphate is preferably contained in the repair material containing the self-healing material in an amount of 1 to 5% by mass from the viewpoint of exhibiting good self-healing performance of cracks.

Examples of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate used as an auxiliary material for the self-healing material include CaCO ₃ (calcium carbonate; calcite, aragonite, vaterite), dolomite (dolomite, CaCO ₃ .MgCO). _3), magnesite (magnesite, main component ₌ MgCO 3), _Li 2 CO ₃ (lithium carbonate), _Na 2 CO ₃ (sodium _carbonate), K 2 CO ₃ (potassium carbonate), MgCO ₃ (magnesium carbonate ), LiHCO ₃ (lithium bicarbonate), NaHCO ₃ (sodium bicarbonate), KHCO ₃ (potassium bicarbonate), Mg (HCO ₃ ) ₂ (magnesium bicarbonate), and the like.
As carbonates of these alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, light magnesium carbonate containing Li ₂ CO ₃ (lithium carbonate), MgCO ₃ (magnesium carbonate), and light calcium carbonate containing CaCO ₃ (calcium carbonate) are concrete materials. It is particularly preferable because it has excellent properties for repairing cracks. As the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, it is preferable to use a general industrial grade pulverized to a particle size of about 10 to 100 μm. What was combined and mixed by arbitrary mixing ratios can also be used.
The alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate is preferably contained in the repair material containing the self-healing material in an amount of 1 to 5% by mass from the viewpoint of exhibiting good self-healing performance of cracks.

In addition, as an artificial material, an inorganic material or mineral containing magnesium serving as an auxiliary material for the self-healing material includes MgCO ₃ (magnesium carbonate), MgO (magnesium oxide = magnesia, periclase), Mg (OH) ₂ (water Magnesium oxide = brucite), MgSO ₄ (magnesium sulfate), Mg (NO ₂ ) ₂ (magnesium nitrite), Mg (NO ₃ ) ₂ (magnesium nitrate), 2MgO.3SiO ₂ .nH ₂ O (magnesium silicate, n = _{indefinite), Mg 6 Al 2 (CO} 3) (OH) 16 · 4H 2 O ( hydrotalcite) industrial magnesium compounds such as, ferronickel slag Johiyakasu and Japanese industrial a by-product during ferronickel Ferro-Nickel for concrete aggregates conforming to JIS A 5011-2 Examples include magnesium-containing slag such as rug fine aggregate, magnesium-containing refractories such as forsterite brick and magnesite brick. Further, as natural products, dolomite containing a large amount of magnesium (dolomite, CaCO ₃ · MgCO ₃ ), magnesite (rhizosite, main component = MgCO ₃ ), peridotite = olivine (salt) Rock, olivine sand, forsterite sand, dunite sand, etc., main component = (Mg, Fe) ₂ SiO ₄ ), serpentine (3MgO · 2SiO ₂ · 2H ₂ O, part brucite = Mg (OH) ₂ ), Amphibole (Mg ₇ (Si ₄ O ₁₁ ) ₂ (OH) ₂ , excluding those containing asbestos = asbestos), pyroxene, pyroxene (enstatite = Mg ₂ Si ₂ O ₆ ), diopside ( CaMgSi ₂ O _6), Colin Gaito _{(Mg 10 Fe 2 CO 3 (} OH) 24 · 2H 2 O), Sujikurenaito _{(Mg 6 Fe 2 (OH)} 16 CO 3 · 4H 2 ), Pyroaurite _{(Mg 6 Fe 2 (OH)} 16 CO 3 · 4H 2 O), Burugunateraite _{(Mg 6 Fe (OH) 13} CO 3 · 4H 2 O), Nesukehonito _(MgCO 3 · _3H 2 O), such as Examples include magnesium-containing minerals.

Since these inorganic materials or minerals containing magnesium may have some expansion reactivity, in order to avoid pop-out of the repair material paste cured body and the repair material mortar cured body containing the self-healing material, It is preferable to use a general industrial grade pulverized to about 100 μm. When importance is attached to the self-healing rate of cracks, it is preferable to use magnesium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide which is expensive but has a high magnesium content. .
On the other hand, in order to reduce the manufacturing cost, it is preferable to use minerals, slags, and refractories containing magnesium, which have a low magnesium content but are very inexpensive.

  As these inorganic materials and minerals containing magnesium, the inorganic materials or minerals exemplified above may be used alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio. The inorganic material and mineral containing magnesium are preferably contained in the repair material containing the self-healing material in an amount of 1 to 5% by mass from the viewpoint of exhibiting good self-healing performance of cracks.

The amorphous silica-containing inorganic material serving as an auxiliary material for the self-healing material contains at least 50% by mass of amorphous (glassy) silica (silicon dioxide = SiO ₂ ), so-called pozzolanic reaction. It is an inorganic material and mineral having properties. Artificial products of the amorphous silica-containing inorganic material include fly ash (coal ash), silica fume (fumed silica), siliceous fine powder recovered during the production of electrofused zirconia, and silica glass such as optical fibers. Silica fine powder, synthetic siliceous fine powder produced by burning (oxidizing) metallic silicon (Si, silicon), siliceous fine powder synthesized by vapor phase reaction in a high-temperature hydrogen flame by vaporizing silicon chloride, Precipitated silica or silica gel synthesized by adjusting pH of aqueous sodium silicate solution, combustion ash of rice husk or rice straw, kaolin mineral (kaolinite = Al ₂ O ₃ 2SiO ₂ · 2H ₂ O, dickite (Al ₂ O _{3 · 2SiO 2 · 2H 2 O} ), halloysite _{(Al 2 O 3 · 2SiO 2} · 4H 2 O) , etc.) about 500 to 900 ° C. Calcined clay typified calcined metakaolin, etc., wastes generated from ceramics (Haikawara, waste bricks, waste ceramics, waste ceramic, etc.), blast furnace fumes and the like generated during steelmaking. Examples of the natural product of the amorphous silica-containing inorganic material include siliceous white clay, tuff (rhyolite tuff, zeolitic tuff, etc.), dacite, diatomaceous earth, acidic volcanic rock, volcanic ash, and shirasu.

  As the amorphous silica-containing inorganic material, use of fly ash (coal ash) which is inexpensive and easily available is preferable, and the fly ash is Class I as defined in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS A 6201 “Fly Ash for Concrete”. Standard products, Type II standard products, Type III standard products, Type IV standard products, classified fly ash adjusted to a specific particle size (particle size distribution) with a maximum particle size of about 10 to 20 μm, pressurized fluidized bed coal ash (PFBC) And high calcium type fly ash containing 10 mass% or more of CaO represented by the above. Among these, it is more preferable to use a high-calcium type fly ash containing less than 10% by mass of JIS I or II standard compliant products, classified fly ash and CaO with less impurities, and further classified fly ash, CaO. High calcium type fly ash containing 10% by mass or more is particularly preferable because of its high pozzolanic reactivity.

As these amorphous silica-containing inorganic materials, those of general industrial grade adjusted to a particle size of about 10 to 100 μm are preferably used, and the materials exemplified above are used alone or in any combination and arbitrarily. What was mixed with the mixing ratio of can also be used.
The amorphous silica-containing inorganic material is preferably contained in the repair material containing the self-healing material in an amount of 1 to 10% by mass from the viewpoint of exhibiting good self-healing performance of cracks.

Further, as the ettringite-based and / or quicklime-based expansion material serving as an auxiliary material for the self-healing material, commercially available ettringite-based (calcium sulfoaluminate-based) expansion material, quicklime-based expansion material, ettringite-calcium composite expansion Auin = calcium sulfoaluminate (3CaO.3Al ₂ O ₃ .CaSO ₄ ) or free lime (CaO) or free gypsum (CaSO ₄ ), which is an active ingredient of wood and expansion material, non-fired Ingredient component-containing materials (gypsum, Auin, calcium oxide powders are mixed in any combination and mixing ratio, and are not subjected to a firing treatment after mixing). Among these expanding materials or non-fired expanding material component-containing materials, those satisfying the standard of Japanese Industrial Standard JIS A 6202 “Expanding material for concrete”, which is stable in quality, are preferable.

  It is preferable to use a general industrial grade material adjusted to a particle size of about 10 to 100 μm, and the above exemplified materials are mixed alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio. You can also use what you did. It is preferable that 1-10 mass% is contained in the repair material containing a self-healing material from the point of expressing the self-healing performance of a favorable crack.

Moreover, as a material containing calcium oxide (quick lime, CaO) serving as an auxiliary material for the self-healing material, commercially available quick lime for sinter-making, quick lime for steel making converter, hard-fired (dead-fired) quick lime, soil improvement Quick lime for use, converter slag containing a large amount of calcium oxide as a by-product during steelmaking, electric furnace reducing slag, and the like.
In the present invention, it is preferable to use hard calcined (dead calcined) quick lime or super hard calcined quick lime, which has a slower digestion rate (hydration reaction rate) than ordinary quick lime. The material containing calcium oxide generates Ca (OH) ₂ by reaction with water, but this reaction is volume expansion and also functions as an expansion material.

Further, by combining the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate and the inorganic material containing the calcium oxide, calcium carbonate (calcite, CaCO ₃ ) or the like having a high stability due to the reaction of these two components is used. The reaction product can be precipitated (generated) in cracks in the concrete, and a better crack self-healing performance can be obtained.
In addition, since these inorganic materials containing calcium oxide may have a partial expansion reactivity, in order to avoid pop-out of the repair material paste cured body and the repair material mortar cured body including the self-healing material, the particle size of 10 It is preferable to use a powder adjusted to about ˜100 μm, and it is also possible to use a single calcium oxide or a plurality of calcium oxides having different types and particle sizes.
The material containing calcium oxide is preferably contained in a repair material containing a self-healing material in an amount of 1 to 10% by mass from the viewpoint of exhibiting good self-healing performance of cracks.

In addition, the short fibers serving as an auxiliary material for the self-healing material are not particularly limited except for short fibers harmful to the human body such as asbestos (asbestos), and any of polymer fibers, inorganic fibers, metal fibers, etc. Even materials can be used.
Polymer fibers include vinylon polymer fibers, polypropylene polymer fibers, polyvinyl alcohol polymer fibers, polyacrylic polymer fibers, polyacrylonitrile polymer fibers, polyamide polymer fibers, polyurethane polymers. Examples thereof include fiber, cellulosic polymer fiber, rayon polymer fiber, and acetate polymer fiber.
Inorganic fibers include alkali-resistant glass fiber, rock wool, slag wool, wollastonite fiber, basic magnesium sulfate fiber, potassium titanate fiber, attapulgite (palygorskite), sepiolite, PAN-based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, etc. Can be mentioned. Examples of metal fibers include steel fibers, high-tensile steel fibers, and stainless steel fibers.

  Of these, inexpensive vinylon polymer fibers and polypropylene polymer fibers are preferably used as the organic fibers. As the inorganic fiber, use of rock wool, slag wool, wollastonite fiber, basic magnesium sulfate fiber, potassium titanate fiber, attapulgite (palygorskite), sepiolite having high affinity with self-healing materials and cement is preferable. The use of basic magnesium sulfate fiber, attapulgite (palygorskite) and sepiolite having a composition (component) of a healing material (aluminosilicate, magnesium silicate) is particularly preferred.

The short fiber preferably has a fiber length of 6 mm or less and a fiber diameter of 0.1 mm or less. Short fibers may be used alone, or a mixture of a plurality of short fibers of different materials and shapes in any combination and in any mixing ratio can be used.
The short fibers are preferably contained in a repair material containing a self-healing material in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by volume from the viewpoint of improving the bending strength of the repair material or preventing peeling.

Fine aggregates used in the repair material of the present invention include silica, feldspar, porcelain stone, calcium phosphate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, lithium-containing inorganic material or mineral, magnesium-containing inorganic material or mineral A mortar fine aggregate obtained by adjusting the particle size of at least one material selected from the group consisting of an amorphous silica-containing inorganic material and blast furnace slag to a maximum particle size of 1 mm or less can be used.
When the maximum particle diameter exceeds 1 mm, the workability when the repair material (mortar) of the present invention is applied to the concrete surface portion directly above and along the crack of the concrete surface is deteriorated, and The coating thickness of the repair material becomes excessive (excessive), and the repair material after coating tends to peel off due to the action of gravity, or cracks are likely to occur in the coated repair material itself, which is not preferable. In particular, the coating thickness of the repair material cannot be set to 1 mm or less, which is not preferable.
Further, the total amount of fine aggregate added is preferably 5 parts by mass or less based on 1 part by mass of the self-healing material and cement. If the amount of fine aggregate containing silica exceeds 5 parts by mass, the content of the self-healing material in the repair material will be low, and sufficient self-healing performance against cracks with water leakage in concrete structures will not be obtained. Absent. Accordingly, the total amount of fine aggregates used for the repair material (mortar) is 5 for 1 part by mass of the self-healing material and cement, taking into account the crack repairing ability and manufacturing cost of the repair material (mortar). It is preferable to set it as a mass part or less.

Examples of the silica stones used as the fine aggregate of the mortar include natural silica stones and silica sand.
Among these, it is preferable to use quartzite powder and silica sand for ceramic materials or building materials that are inexpensive and easily available. Any of these may be those of a general industrial grade whose particle size is adjusted (pulverized) to a particle size of 1 mm or less. In addition, as the silica stone, the minerals exemplified above may be used alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio.

The feldspar used as the fine aggregate of the mortar includes anorthite (CaAl ₂ Si ₂ O ₈ ), plagioclase (NaAlSi ₃ O ₈ ), anorthite and anorthite and a feldspar continuous solid solution, orthoclase belonging to alkali feldspar (KAlSi ₃ O _8), albite (NaAlSi ₃ O _8), minerals comprising a continuous solid solution of orthoclase and albite and the like.
Among these, it is particularly preferable to use a strong alkaline substance such as cement or anorthite that easily reacts with oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, but it is mainly composed of feldspar and orthofeldspar for ceramic raw materials that are inexpensive and easily available. Minerals to be used may be used. As these, those of general industrial grade whose particle size is adjusted to a particle size of 1 mm or less can be used. As the feldspar, the minerals exemplified above may be used alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio.

Moreover, as the porcelain stone used as the fine aggregate of the mortar, ceramic raw materials containing fine quartz (SiO ₂ ) and sericite (Sericite; KAl ₂ AlSi ₃ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ ) particles and those And minerals containing
Among these, it is preferable to use a mineral mainly composed of pottery stone for ceramics that is inexpensive and easily available, such as Amakusa pottery stone. As these, those of general industrial grade whose particle size is adjusted to a particle size of 1 mm or less can be used. Moreover, what mixed the said illustrated mineral alone or in arbitrary combinations and arbitrary mixing ratios can also be used for porcelain stones.

Examples of the calcium phosphate include naturally occurring CaHPO ₄ (secondary calcium phosphate), bone ash (calcium phosphate = Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ ), Ca (H ₂ PO ₄ ) ₂ (primary calcium phosphate), and Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ). ) ₂ (tricalcium phosphate) and the like.
Among these, CaHPO ₄ (dibasic calcium phosphate) reacts with calcium hydroxide produced as a hydrate of cement mineral and the above-mentioned layered silicate mineral (magnesium silicate), and Ca ₅ (PO ₄ ) ₃ (OH) (hydroxyapatite = hydroxyapatite), Ca ₁₈ Mg ₂ H ₂ (PO ₄ ) ₁₄ (witrockite), tricalcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, calcium hydrogen phosphate This is particularly preferable because calcium phosphate compounds such as non-hydrate, amorphous calcium phosphate, and octacalcium phosphate can be produced and a dense hydrate can be precipitated (generated) at the cracked portion. In addition, it is preferable to use a general industrial grade calcium phosphate whose particle size is adjusted to a particle size of 1 mm or less, and the above-mentioned minerals are mixed alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio. Can also be used.

The alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate used as the fine aggregate of the mortar is preferably a natural inorganic carbonate such as CaCO ₃ (calcium carbonate; calcite, aragonite, vaterite) dolomite. (Dolomite; CaCO ₃ · MgCO ₃ ), magnesite (rhizome, main component = MgCO ₃ ) and the like.
Among these, limestone mainly composed of CaCO ₃ (calcite), shells mainly composed of CaCO ₃ (aragolite), and dolomite mainly composed of MgCO ₃ (magnesium carbonate) repair concrete cracks. It is particularly preferable because of its excellent properties. The alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate is preferably a general industrial grade whose particle size is adjusted to 1 mm or less, and the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate exemplified above. Can be used alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio.

In addition, as the inorganic material or mineral containing lithium that becomes the fine aggregate of the mortar, natural petalite (feldspar; LiAlSi ₄ O ₁₀ ), spodumene (lithia pyroxene; LiAlSi ₂ O ₆ ), lepidrite (lithia mica) = K (Li, Al) ₃ (AlSi ₃ O ₁₀ ) (OH, F) ₂ ), lithium-containing minerals such as ambrigonite, montebracite, and biquitaite.
Among these, it is preferable to use lithium-containing minerals such as inexpensive petalite (feldspar) and spodumene (lithia pyroxene). The inorganic material or mineral containing lithium is preferably a general industrial grade pulverized to a particle size of 1 mm or less as the fine aggregate of mortar. In addition, as the inorganic material or mineral containing lithium, the above-exemplified inorganic material or mineral can be used alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio.

In addition, the inorganic material or mineral containing magnesium that becomes the fine aggregate of the mortar includes, as artificial materials, MgCO ₃ (magnesium carbonate), MgO (magnesium oxide = magnesia, periclase), Mg (OH) ₂ (hydroxylation). Magnesium = Brucite), MgSO ₄ (magnesium sulfate), Mg (NO ₂ ) ₂ (magnesium nitrite), Mg (NO ₃ ) ₂ (magnesium nitrate), 2MgO · 3SiO ₂ · nH ₂ O (magnesium silicate, n = _{indefinite), Mg 6 Al 2 (CO} 3) (OH) 16 · 4H 2 O ( hydrotalcite) industrial magnesium compounds such as, ferronickel slag Johiyakasu and Japanese industrial Standards, a byproduct during ferronickel Ferro-nickel slag for concrete aggregate conforming to JIS A 5011-2 Magnesium-containing slag such as aggregates, magnesium-containing refractories such as forsterite bricks and magnesite bricks can be mentioned. Further, as natural products, dolomite containing a large amount of magnesium (dolomite, CaCO ₃ · MgCO ₃ ), magnesite (rhizosite, main component = MgCO ₃ ), peridotite = olivine (salt) Rock, olivine sand, forsterite sand, dunite sand, etc., main component = (Mg, Fe) ₂ SiO ₄ ), serpentine (3MgO · 2SiO ₂ · 2H ₂ O, part brucite = Mg (OH) ₂ ), Amphibole (Mg ₇ (Si ₄ O ₁₁ ) ₂ (OH) ₂ , excluding those containing asbestos = asbestos), pyroxene, pyroxene (enstatite = Mg ₂ Si ₂ O ₆ ), diopside ( CaMgSi ₂ O ₆
), Colin Gaito _{(Mg 10 Fe 2 CO 3 (} OH) 24 · 2H 2 O), Sujikurenaito _{(Mg 6 Fe 2 (OH)} 16 CO 3 · 4H 2 O), pyroaurite _{(Mg 6} Fe 2 _(OH) Magnesium-containing minerals such as ₁₆ CO ₃ .4H ₂ O), burgnateite (Mg ₆ Fe (OH) ₁₃ CO ₃ .4H ₂ O), Neskehonite (MgCO ₃ .3H ₂ O), and the like.

  Among these, use of inexpensive dolomite, peridotite having reactivity with cement, ferronickel slag fine aggregate, or the like is preferable. As long as it is an inorganic material or mineral that does not contain explosive properties harmful to concrete, it is also possible to use the above-described inorganic materials or minerals mixed alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio.

In addition, the amorphous silica-containing inorganic material used as the fine aggregate of the mortar contains at least 50% by mass of amorphous (glassy) silica (silicon dioxide = SiO ₂ ) and has so-called pozzolanic reactivity. Inorganic materials and minerals. Examples of the artificial product of the amorphous silica-containing inorganic material include coarse fly ash (coal ash) powder, kaolin mineral (kaolinite = Al ₂ O ₃ 2SiO ₂ · 2H ₂ O, dickite (Al ₂ O ₃ · 2SiO _2).・ 2H ₂ O), halloysite (Al ₂ O ₃ .2SiO ₂ .4H ₂ O, etc.), fired clay typified by metakaolin, etc., fired at about 500 to 900 ° C., waste materials generated from ceramics (waste tiles, waste Brick, waste ceramics, waste ceramics, etc.). Examples of the natural product of the amorphous silica-containing inorganic material include siliceous white clay, tuff (rhyolite tuff, zeolitic tuff, etc.), dacite, diatomaceous earth, acidic volcanic rock, volcanic ash, and shirasu.
Among these, cheap and easily available fly ash (coal ash) coarse powder (cinder ash, hearth ash), siliceous white clay, tuff (rhyolite tuff, zeolitic tuff, etc.), Sites, diatomaceous earth, acidic volcanic rocks, volcanic ash, shirasu, etc. are preferably used. These amorphous silica-containing inorganic materials are preferably those of general industrial grade adjusted to a particle size of 1 mm or less, and the above exemplified materials are used alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio. It is also possible to use a mixture of the above.

Moreover, examples of the blast furnace slag used as the fine aggregate of the mortar include blast furnace granulated slag fine aggregate, blast furnace decooling slag and the like which are by-products during steelmaking.
Among these, blast furnace slag coarse aggregate as defined in JIS A 5011-1, "Slag aggregate for concrete-Part 1: Blast furnace slag aggregate", of which quality is stable and readily available among granulated blast furnace slag. Alternatively, it is preferable to use a blast furnace slag fine aggregate pulverized to a particle size of 1 mm or less. As these materials having latent hydraulic properties, the above-exemplified materials can be used alone or in any combination and in any mixing ratio.

  When a paste or mortar containing a self-healing material obtained by mixing the above-mentioned materials is applied to a concrete surface that has cracked with water leakage, it can impart excellent self-healing property to such concrete. This self-healing property can be maintained over a long period of time.

Although it is not clear about the factor of the said effect, it estimates as follows.
That is, the self-healing material contained in the repair material used in the present invention produces an insoluble and expandable hydrate by hydration reaction with water in the cracked portion of the concrete. The cracked portion can be filled by the expansion. In addition, the layered silicate mineral in the self-healing material swells by reaction with water, and then combined with hydrates or elution components generated from other self-healing materials, the cracked portion Insoluble precipitates can be formed. In concrete in which these are applied or applied and filled, when water enters the cracked part, first, the layered silicate mineral having swelling properties swells immediately and fills the voids in the concrete first. Reduce the space in which hydrates can precipitate.

  And, following this, the component that elutes by the reaction of feldspar and oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid moves to the cracked part by diffusion, etc., so that the cracked part is selectively occluded (self-healing). It is thought that the effect can be demonstrated.

  In addition, auxiliary materials that promote the self-healing ability of cracks (calcium phosphate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, magnesium-containing inorganic material or mineral, amorphous silica-containing inorganic material, ettringite system and (Or at least one material selected from the group consisting of quick lime-based expansion material, calcium oxide-containing material, and short fiber) can further improve the self-repairing action of cracks accompanying water leakage.

  Furthermore, fine aggregates (silica stone, feldspar, porcelain stone, calcium phosphate, carbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, lithium-containing inorganic materials or minerals, magnesium, if necessary) Workability for repairing while maintaining the self-repairing action of cracks with water leakage by mixing inorganic materials or minerals, at least one material selected from the group consisting of amorphous silica-containing inorganic materials and blast furnace slag It becomes possible to improve (fillability, application properties) and stability (durability) of the repair material after construction.

The method for repairing a crack with water leakage in a concrete structure according to the present invention is a method of repairing a repair material, which is a paste or mortar containing the self-healing material, directly above the crack on the concrete surface and along the cracked portion. It is a repair method applied to the part.
The method for repairing a crack with water leakage in another concrete structure of the present invention is a method for repairing a crack with a water leak, in which a hole is formed immediately above the crack on the concrete surface and along the cracked portion. After providing a plurality of holes, the repair material, which is a paste or mortar containing the self-healing material, is filled or injected into the hole, and further cracks with water leakage including the hole filled or injected with the repair material are generated. In this repair method, a repair material that is a paste or mortar containing the self-healing material is applied to a surface portion.
Preferably, in the above-described method for repairing cracks with water leakage in the concrete structure of the present invention, before applying, filling or injecting a paste or mortar repair material containing the self-healing material, silicate as a base treatment material is further provided. It is desirable to apply an aqueous solution in advance.

  Inorganic self-healing materials are excellent in self-healing performance of cracks, but if the repair material containing self-healing material is simply filled only in the cracked part of the concrete surface, the filling amount is extremely small. In some cases, the self-healing effect of cracks is not sufficient.Therefore, the crack repairing method for a concrete structure of the present invention uses a paste or mortar containing a self-healing material directly above the cracks on the concrete surface and on the cracked parts. In addition, by applying to the concrete surface portion, cracks in the concrete surface portion can be closed, and the amount of water leakage (water leakage rate) can be greatly reduced to stop the water.

  In addition, after forming a plurality of holes by drilling along the cracked portion immediately above the crack on the concrete surface, a paste or a mortar containing a self-healing material is filled or injected into the hole, and the repair is further performed. By applying the paste or mortar containing the self-healing material exemplified above to the concrete surface portion where cracks accompanied by water leakage including holes filled or injected with the material occur, the cracks in the concrete surface portion are blocked, and the amount of water leakage ( The water leakage rate) can be further reduced as compared with the case where only application is performed. From the self-healing material contained in the filled paste or mortar, the concentration of active ingredients that self-heal cracks, such as various metal ions or fine particles that become precursors of precipitates, is increased from the surface of the concrete by the action of diffusion, etc. It is possible to effectively occlude cracks existing at deep positions and to self-heal.

  The method for repairing a crack with water leakage in a concrete structure of the present invention can be applied even when the width of the crack to be repaired exceeds 0.3 mm in the concrete surface portion.

  The concrete structure to which the crack repairing method of the concrete structure of the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited, and can be applied to any civil engineering / building structure such as a viaduct concrete superstructure, floor slab bottom and pier, abutment side surface. The present invention can be applied to cracks accompanying water leakage generated inside the lining concrete of a tunnel, or cracks generated in slabs, walls, etc. of building structures such as office buildings or condominiums. In addition, in concrete structures such as viaducts used in open-air, concrete structures caused by changes in the environment (temperature, humidity, solar radiation, etc. due to seasons and weather) and loads and vibrations caused by trains and vehicles traveling above Since it has the ability to follow changes in crack width over time, even if the crack width changes at the cracked part once repaired (cracking occurs again), the crack is repaired again by the unreacted repair material remaining in the coated or filled part. Is done. That is, according to the repair material and the repair method of the present invention, the crack can be self-repaired following the change with time of the crack width. In the present invention, for example, since repair is performed only for cracks generated on the bottom surface of the concrete floor slab of the bridge, the side surface of the pier, or the inner surface of the lining concrete of the tunnel, the use of the concrete structure in service is prevented. Is less likely to interfere with service.

Furthermore, before applying, filling or injecting the paste or mortar containing the self-healing material of the present invention, it is preferable to apply a silicate aqueous solution in advance as a base treatment material, and the silicate aqueous solution used is sodium silicate. solution (waterglass _{= Na 2 O · nSiO 2 ·} xH 2 O, n = 2~4), ( magnesium hexafluorosilicate) magnesium fluorosilicate include silicofluoride aqueous sodium like.
Among these, it is preferable to use a sodium silicate aqueous solution (water glass) that is inexpensive and easily available. When applied to concrete, sodium silicate aqueous solution (water glass) reacts with calcium hydroxide, which is a cement hydrate present in the concrete, to produce an insoluble calcium silicate compound (hydrate), and cracked parts. A dense hydrate can be formed. The concentration of sodium silicate aqueous solution (water glass) is 58% by mass (No. 1 sodium silicate), 52% by mass (No. 2 sodium silicate), 42% by mass (No. 3 sodium silicate) and other industrial grades. It is preferable to use the raw material as it is or after diluting it appropriately with water, and the coating amount is preferably such that no dripping occurs on the concrete surface. In addition, after the applied silicate aqueous solution is sufficiently impregnated, after applying the silicate aqueous solution in advance to the cracked concrete surface and drilling part, further applying or filling and applying paste or mortar containing self-healing material Is preferably performed.

  In the crack repairing method for a concrete structure according to the present invention, a paste or mortar containing a self-healing material is applied to the crack surface immediately above the crack on the concrete surface of the concrete structure where the crack has occurred. At this time, in order to prevent the repair material from sagging or falling off or peeling off due to the action of gravity, a paste or mortar is used. Also, when applying, remove the chips (shaving powder) remaining on the polished concrete surface with high-pressure air or a brush, etc., then use fingers, plasterers, rollers, brushes, spraying equipment, etc. It is preferable to apply.

  Specifically, in the application, the crack repair material is applied along the cracks generated on the concrete surface to be repaired. For example, a crack repairing material may be applied within a coating thickness range of 0.5 to 3 mm to a portion having a width of about 30 to 100 mm centered on the cracked portion and a band-shaped portion using the disc grinder, electric brush, or the like. preferable. Note that if the coating thickness is less than 0.5 mm, the repair material including the self-healing material is insufficient, and the effect of reducing the amount of water leakage from the crack becomes insufficient. On the other hand, if the coating thickness exceeds 3 mm, the labor for coating becomes excessive, and repair materials including self-healing materials are excessive, which is not preferable in terms of construction method.

In the method for repairing a crack in a concrete structure according to the present invention, a plurality of holes are formed by drilling directly along the crack on the concrete surface of the concrete structure where the crack has occurred and along the crack portion. The drilling hole is provided including a cracked portion, and a plurality of holes are provided along the cracked portion. The drilling portion is filled or injected with a paste or mortar containing a self-healing material. The size of the hole is preferably 10 to 30 mm in diameter and 20 to 60 mm in depth, and the interval between the holes is preferably in the range of 40 to 100 mm.
In addition, the crack of the concrete structure which can apply this invention is not specifically limited, For example, it can apply suitably to the crack with the water leakage which penetrates a concrete member and the crack width is about 0.3 mm.

Specifically, the drilling hole is along the cracked portion generated on the concrete surface to be repaired, that is, including the cracked portion, and a width of about 30 to 100 mm around the cracked portion using a disk grinder, electric brush or the like. After the strip is polished, a general drilling device such as a hammer drill is used to drill holes avoiding these in order to prevent damage to the reinforcing bars and sheath tube in the concrete structure.
It is preferable that the depth of the drilling hole is about the cover thickness of the reinforcing bar. Note that if the hole diameter is less than 10 mm, the depth is less than 20 mm, and the hole interval exceeds 100 mm, the repair material including the self-healing material is insufficient and the self-healing of the cracks is insufficient, which is not preferable. Also, if the hole diameter is more than 30 mm, depth is more than 60 mm, and the hole interval is less than 40 mm, the labor for drilling and filling the repair material becomes excessive, and the repair material including self-healing material becomes excessive. This is not preferable because it is uneconomical in construction.

In addition, the repair material including the self-healing material used in the present invention is formed by partially drilling a crack portion such as a concrete structure, for example, a concrete floor slab lower surface of a bridge and a side surface of a pier, a tunnel lining concrete inner surface, and the like. When filling the hole, it is preferable to use a paste or mortar that is hardened to prevent the repair material from sagging or falling off (falling) due to the action of gravity.
When filling the crack repair material, remove the chips (shaving powder) remaining inside the drilled hole with high-pressure air or a brush, and then fill it with fingers, metal bars, resin bars, or an injection device. can do.

In the method for repairing a crack in a concrete structure according to the present invention, after filling the crack repair material into the plurality of drill holes, along the crack generated on the concrete surface provided with the drill holes, that is, the drill holes are formed. A crack repair material is applied along the cracked portion including the cracked portion.
For example, a crack repairing material may be applied within a coating thickness range of 0.5 to 3 mm to a portion having a width of about 30 to 100 mm centered on the cracked portion and a band-shaped portion using the disc grinder, electric brush, or the like. preferable.
If the coating thickness is less than 0.5 mm, the repair material including the self-healing material is insufficient, and the effect of reducing the amount of water leakage from the cracks becomes insufficient, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the coating thickness exceeds 3 mm, the labor for coating becomes excessive, and repair materials including self-healing materials are excessive, which is not preferable in terms of construction method.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention still in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

[Used equipment]
V-type mixer (self-healing material = for powder premix, capacity 50 liter, 200V three-phase motor output 2.6 kW)
Mortar mixer (for paste or mortar kneading, Hobart mixer N-50, strength test conforming to JIS R 5201 "Cement physical test method", 100V single phase motor output 125W)
Concrete mixer (for concrete kneading, manufactured by Taihei Kiko Co., Ltd., biaxial forced kneading mixer, SUPER DOUBLE MIXER SD-100, capacity 100 liter, 200V three-phase motor output 5.5 kW)
Concrete pressure tester (for cracking due to splitting of cylindrical specimens, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, maximum loading capacity 3000KN)
Digital microscope (for crack observation, manufactured by Keyence Corporation, VHX-1000)
Disc grinder (for concrete edge cleaning, manufactured by Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd., disc diameter 125 mm, 100 V single-phase motor output 960 W)
Hammer drill (for end face drilling of cylindrical specimen, manufactured by Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd., DH42, 100V single-phase motor output 1140W)

[Materials used]
(1) Self-healing material layered silicate mineral: Na-bentonite (Western gel, manufactured by Bentonite Sangyo Co., Ltd., Wyoming, USA, maximum particle size 50 μm) and talc (general-purpose talc SSS, manufactured by Nippon Talc Co., Ltd., maximum particle size 50 μm)
Feldspar (potassium feldspar, manufactured by Kyoritsu Ceramics Co., Ltd., India, for ceramics raw materials, pulverized product, maximum particle size 100 μm)
Oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid (anhydrous citric acid, manufactured by Fuso Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., for food addition, pulverized product, maximum particle size 100 μm)
A self-healing material was prepared by using the above four types of materials and weighing them so that the total amount of one batch was 10 kg at the blending ratio shown in Table 1 below, and mixing with a V-type mixer.

(2) Auxiliary material A: calcium phosphate (dicalcium phosphate, Eighteen, manufactured by Toyo Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd., for feed, made in China, pulverized product, maximum particle size 100 μm)
B: Alkali metal carbonate (high purity lithium carbonate, manufactured by Honjo Chemical Co., Ltd., for battery material production, Chile, finely pulverized product, maximum particle size 20 μm)
C: Inorganic material or mineral containing magnesium (light magnesium carbonate, manufactured by Kamishima Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., for food addition, maximum particle size 50 μm)
D: Amorphous silica-containing inorganic material (fly ash, JIS A 6201 type II compliant product, manufactured in Japan, maximum particle size 50 μm)
E: Ettlingite (calcium sulfoaluminate) -based expansion material (SACS, manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd., JIS R 6202 compliant, maximum particle size 45 μm)
F: Inorganic material containing calcium oxide (super hard baked quicklime, manufactured by Yoshizawa Lime Industry Co., Ltd., for drying materials, maximum particle size 50 μm)
G: Short fiber (Vinylon short fiber, Poweron RFCS7 × 6, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., fiber diameter 27 μm, fiber length 6 mm, density = 1.3 g / cm ³ )
The seven types of auxiliary materials were added in the range of 1 to 15% by mass in terms of internal ratio relative to the self-healing material adjusted in Table 1 (Table 2).

(3) Material cement for paste or mortar (low heat Portland cement, manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd., JIS R 5210 compliant, density = 3.24 g / cm ³ )
Water (Tap water, Funabashi City, Chiba Prefecture)

(4) Fine aggregate material for mortar E1 = silica stone (No. 3 silica sand, manufactured by Tokai Kogyo Co., Ltd., Aichi prefecture, for building material raw material, maximum particle size 2.4 mm)
E2 = silica stone (No. 7 silica sand N70, manufactured by Nippon Steel Industry Co., Ltd., Tochigi Prefecture, for building materials, maximum particle size 300 μm)
F = feldspar (potassium feldspar, manufactured by Kyoritsu Ceramics Co., India, for ceramic materials, maximum particle size 400 μm)
G = Pottery stone (Amakusa pottery stone, manufactured by Kyoritsu Ceramics Co., Ltd., Amakusa, Kumamoto Prefecture, for ceramic raw materials, maximum particle size 400μm)
H = calcium phosphate (dicalcium phosphate, eighteen, manufactured by Toyo Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd., China, for feed, maximum particle size 600 μm)
I = carbonate of alkaline earth metal (limestone = CaCO ₃ , manufactured by Omi Mining Co., Ltd., pulverized product, maximum particle size 600 μm)
J = Inorganic material or mineral containing lithium (Spodumene = Licia pyroxene; LiAlSi ₂ O ₆ , manufactured by Tochu Co., Australia, for ceramic materials, Li ₂ O content = 5.1%, pulverized product, maximum particle size 200 μm)
K = inorganic material or mineral containing magnesium (dolomite = MgCO ₃ , product from Sano, Tochigi, pulverized product, maximum particle size 600 μm)
L = Amorphous silica-containing inorganic material (Beppu clay = natural pozzolana, chemical composition; SiO ₂ = 89%, Al ₂ O ₃ = 5%, Oita Prefecture Beppu product, pulverized product, maximum particle size 600 μm)
M = blast furnace slag (blast furnace granulated slag fine aggregate, pulverized product conforming to JIS A 5011-1, maximum particle size 900 μm)

As shown in Table 2 below, each repair material was obtained by blending each material at a blending ratio indicating the material. Specifically, the repair paste using the self-healing material of Table 1 and containing no auxiliary material is a repair material No. No. 2 and, for comparison, the repair material No. 2 was prepared.
Further, a repair paste containing the self-healing material of Table 1 and the seven types of auxiliary materials of (2) above is used as a repair material No. Prepared as 3-9.
Further, using the self-healing material of Table 1 above, 7 types of (2) above, and 9 types of fine aggregate material of (4) above, the mortar for repairing (Table 2 below) at the blending ratio shown in Table 2 below. Repair materials No. 10 to 26) were prepared.

(5) Base treatment material for applying repair material Sodium silicate aqueous solution (manufactured by Fuji Chemical Co., Na ₂ SiO ₃ aqueous solution, JIS K 1408 regulation No. 3 sodium silicate equivalent, concentration = 40 to 42% by mass, SiO ₂ Content = 28-30% by mass, industrial)

(6) For simulated repair test; Cracked concrete column specimen material cement: Ordinary poldoland cement (Sumitomo Osaka Cement, JIS R 5210 compliant, density = 3.15 g / cm ³ )
Fine aggregate: Land sand from Futtsu, Chiba (surface dry density = 2.55 g / cm ³ , water absorption 2.1%, FM = 2.65)
Coarse aggregate: Hard sandstone crushed stone from Sakuragawa City, Ibaraki Prefecture 2005 (surface dry density = 2.66 g / cm ³ , water absorption 0.6%, FM = 6.67)
Water: AE water reducing agent for tap water concrete: (BASF, lignin sulfonic acid, JIS A 6204 compliant)

[For simulated repair test; preparation of cracked concrete column specimen]
Using each material for cracked concrete column specimens of (6) above, water cement mass ratio: 50% (unit water volume = 175 kg / m ³ ), s / a (fine aggregate ratio; absolute volume of fine aggregate) ÷ (absolute volume of fine aggregate + absolute volume of coarse aggregate) = 46.5% by volume, 0.4% by weight of AE water reducing agent to cement, slump = 12cm (Nippon Kogyo) Standard JIS A 1101), air volume = 4.5% (Japan Industrial Standards JIS A 1128) concrete in a 20 ° C constant temperature room, conforming to Japanese Industrial Standards JIS A 1138 “How to make concrete in a laboratory”, 100 liters Two batches were kneaded at 70 liters per batch using a mixer. Cylindrical specimen with diameter of 100mm x height of 200mm using simple steel formwork in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standards JIS A 1132 "Method for making specimen for concrete strength test" using freshly kneaded fresh concrete 58 pieces were produced.

The prepared cylindrical specimen was sealed in a 20 ° C. thermostatic chamber for 91 days in a sealed state using a polyethylene vinyl cap and a rubber band at the head (opening) of a simple steel mold. After curing for 91 days, the mold was removed, and using a pressure tester, all 58 cylindrical specimens were split in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standards JIS A 1113 “Concrete split tensile strength test method”. Ruptured.
The split (fractured) cylindrical specimen was precisely aligned with the two fracture surfaces, and the outside (side portion) of the cylindrical specimen using three steel bands with an inner diameter of 100 mm, a width of 12 mm, and a thickness of 0.8 mm. By adjusting the tension of the steel band while observing the crack width of the crack part introduced into the cylindrical specimen using a digital microscope (measurement of the top and bottom surfaces of the specimen at three locations) The crack width of the surface portion of the upper and lower surfaces of the cylindrical specimen was adjusted to be about 0.3 mm. After adjusting the crack width to about 0.3 mm, a pipe made of vinyl chloride with an inner diameter of 100 mm × height of 100 mm for water passage test is connected to the upper surface of the cylindrical specimen (the upper part of the mold at the time of specimen preparation). A commercially available sealing material (silicone rubber) was applied to the joint between the specimen and the pipe and the cracked portion on the side surface of the cylindrical specimen, and a water stop treatment was performed.

  Using a disc grinder, for all 58 cylindrical specimens for water flow test that were produced, the entire surface of the specimen bottom face (the bottom face of the mold at the time of specimen preparation) to which no PVC pipe was connected was cleaned. went. Twenty-six columnar specimens that had been polished were No. shown in Table 2 using a plasterer. 1-9 paste or No. 1 10 to 26 mortar was applied to the entire surface of the lower surface of the specimen not connected to the vinyl chloride pipe (the bottom surface of the mold at the time of specimen preparation) so as to have a thickness of about 1 mm (see Table 3 and Table below). 4 Examples 1 to 24 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3). In addition, one cylindrical specimen that had been polished was not coated for comparison (Comparative Example 1 in Table 4 below).

The 28 cylindrical specimens that have been subjected to the above-mentioned polishing are directly above the cracks at the center of the surface of the lower face of the specimen to which no vinyl chloride pipe is connected (the bottom face of the mold at the time of specimen preparation), that is, the cylinder. Using the hammer drill, a hole for filling a repair material having a diameter of 16 mm and a depth of 30 mm was formed at one central portion of the crack on the lower surface of the specimen.
In 26 cylindrical specimens subjected to the above-described scouring and drilling, No. 1 shown in Table 2 above was formed in the drilling part. 1-9 paste or No. 1 10 to 26 mortars were filled with 10 mm diameter round steel bar and plasterer. Then, immediately using a plasterer, the same material (No. 1-9 paste or No. 10-26 mortar shown in Table 2) as that filled in the holes in each specimen was removed from the specimen. It applied so that thickness might become about 1 mm to the whole surface of the end surface (the lower surface of the test body which has not connected the PVC pipe) including the crack provided with the hole (Examples 25-48 of the following Table 4, and Comparative Example 4)・ 5).

  In addition, the sodium silicate aqueous solution as a base treatment material is made of vinyl chloride for the remaining three cylindrical specimens subjected to only the scouring and the remaining two cylindrical specimens subjected to the scouring and drilling. Brushing was applied to the entire polished surface, the polished surface, and the drilled portion (including the inside of the hole) on the lower surface of the specimen (the bottom surface of the mold when preparing the specimen) to which no pipe was connected. After the application is completed, the coated surface is left to stand for about 30 minutes and sufficiently impregnated with a base treatment material. 2 paste and Nо. Application | coating or application | coating and filling were performed by the method similar to the above using 10 mortars (Examples 49-52 of the following Table 4). In addition, one of the cylindrical specimens subjected to only the above-described cleaning was coated only with an aqueous sodium silicate solution for comparison (Comparative Example 6 in Table 4 below).

All these operations were carried out in a constant temperature room at 20 ° C., and the water flow test (evaluation of water stoppage) for the cylindrical specimen was started immediately after the repair material was applied, applied and filled.
In the water flow test, after standing on a steel net shelf with the repair surface of the cylindrical specimen facing down, tap water is continuously supplied to the pipe made of vinyl chloride connected to the upper part of the cylindrical specimen. Water state was assumed. Immediately after the start of water flow and on the seventh day after the start of water flow, the amount of water flow per 5 minutes was measured.

  As described above, after repairing the cracks on the end face of the cylindrical specimen by applying repair material or applying and filling it, the evaluation results obtained by conducting a water flow test are shown in Table 3 and Table 4 below. Examples 1 to 52 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 (when repair material is not used, No. 1 = when cement paste not added with self-healing material is applied or / and filled: 2 cases, No. 10 = particle size When fine aggregate exceeding 1 mm is applied or / and filled: 2 cases, when only the base treatment material is applied).

After the first water flow test (7 days of water flow), the vinyl chloride pipe and steel band were removed from the cylindrical specimen for water flow test, and using a pressure tester, Japanese Industrial Standards JIS A 1113 In accordance with the above, the cylindrical specimen was split and broken into two again.
In the same manner as in the first test, the cylinder specimen was split (broken), and the two fracture surfaces were precisely aligned, and three steel bands having an inner diameter of 100 mm, a width of 12 mm, and a thickness of 0.8 mm were used. Tension of the steel band while restraining the outside (side surface part) at three locations and observing the crack width of the cracked portion introduced into the cylindrical specimen using a digital microscope (measurement of the top and bottom surfaces of the specimen each at three locations) Was adjusted so that the crack width of the upper and lower surface portions of the cylindrical specimen was about 0.3 mm. After adjusting the crack width to about 0.3 mm, connect a pipe made of vinyl chloride with an inner diameter of 100 mm and a height of 100 mm for water flow test to the upper surface of the cylindrical specimen (on the upper side of the mold when preparing the specimen). A commercially available sealing material (silicone rubber) was applied to the crack portion on the side surface of the test piece and the cylindrical specimen, and water stop treatment was performed.
Note that no paste or mortar was applied or filled after the reintroduction of cracks due to the second split.

  The water flow test (evaluation of water stoppage) for the second cylindrical specimen started immediately after reintroduction of cracks due to the second split. The water flow test was performed in the same manner as the first time. That is, water was continuously supplied to a PVC pipe connected to the upper part of the specimen, and a continuous water flow state was established. Immediately after the start of water flow and on the seventh day after the start of water flow, the amount of water flow per 5 minutes was measured.

(Evaluation of workability)
As an evaluation of the workability of the repair method, it is possible to apply or fill and apply repair materials including self-healing materials, and evaluate the amount of work related to construction (construction efficiency) with the following three-level indicators did.
Judgment of workability ◎: Judgment possible, work amount is extremely low, and work efficiency is very high ○: Work is possible, work amount is small, and work efficiency is high ×: Work is not possible, work is difficult

(Water flow test; evaluation of water stoppage)
After applying or filling and applying using paste or mortar containing self-healing material, tap water is poured into a vinyl chloride pipe connected to the upper part of the cylindrical specimen, and a 10 cm water head is always applied to the concrete. The amount of water leakage from the cracks in the cylindrical specimen was measured for 7 days, and the water stoppage was evaluated by the following five grades.
Water leakage evaluation initial water leakage amount = water leakage amount evaluation for 5 minutes immediately after the start of water flow A: When water leakage amount for 5 minutes on the 7th day of the water flow test is 1% or less of the initial water leakage evaluation B: When the amount of water leakage per 5 minutes on the 7th day of the water flow test is larger than 1% of the initial water leakage amount and 5% or less Evaluation C: The amount of water leakage per 5 minutes on the 7th day of the water flow test is initial Evaluation D: More than 5% of the amount of water leakage becomes 10% or less Evaluation D: Case where the amount of water leakage per 5 minutes on the seventh day of the water flow test is larger than 10% of the initial leakage amount and 25% or less Evaluation E: When the amount of water leakage per 5 minutes on the 7th day of the water flow test cannot be reduced to 25% or less of the initial amount of water leakage

  From the said Table 3 and Table 4, Examples 1-52 of this invention had no problem in workability, and the water leak reduced extremely effectively. Especially in the second water flow test after reintroducing cracks, water leakage can be reduced extremely effectively, and it was determined that the repair method was good, but comparative examples other than the present invention In the case of 1-6, it is clear that there is a problem in workability or a problem such as insufficient water leakage prevention effect.

  The crack repair material and crack repair method for concrete structures according to the present invention include, for example, a viaduct concrete superstructure for railways or automobiles, floor slab bottoms and piers, abutment side surfaces, and water leakage generated inside the tunnel lining concrete. The present invention can be applied to a concrete structure that easily causes cracks and leaks of slabs and walls of building structures such as office buildings or condominiums, and has been difficult to repair cracks.

Claims (6)

  A paste containing cement, water and a self-healing material, wherein the self-healing material contains a layered silicate mineral, feldspar, oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, for leaking water in a concrete structure Accompanying crack repair material.   A mortar containing cement, water, fine aggregate and self-healing material, wherein the self-healing material contains layered silicate mineral, feldspar, oxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, and the fine aggregate is silica , Feldspar, porcelain stone, calcium phosphate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, lithium-containing inorganic material or mineral, magnesium-containing inorganic material or mineral, amorphous silica-containing inorganic material, blast furnace slag A repair material for cracks accompanying water leakage in a concrete structure, wherein the material is at least one material selected from the above, and has a maximum particle size of 1 mm or less.   The repair material for cracks with water leakage in the concrete structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the self-healing material further includes calcium phosphate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, magnesium-containing inorganic material or mineral, Water leakage in a concrete structure comprising at least one auxiliary material selected from the group consisting of amorphous silica-containing inorganic material, ettringite-based and / or quicklime-based expansion material, calcium oxide, and short fibers Repair material for cracks.   In a concrete structure in which a crack accompanied by water leakage has occurred, the repair material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is applied to the concrete surface portion immediately above the crack on the concrete surface and along the crack portion. A method for repairing a crack accompanying water leakage in a concrete structure.   In a concrete structure in which a crack accompanied by water leakage has occurred, a plurality of holes are formed by drilling along the cracked portion immediately above the crack on the concrete surface, and thereafter forming a plurality of holes. The repair material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is filled or injected into the hole, and the cracked concrete surface portion including water leakage including the hole filled or injected with the repair material is further described. A repair method for cracks with water leakage in a concrete structure, characterized by applying a repair material.   In the repair method of a crack with water leakage in the concrete structure according to claim 4 and 5, before applying, filling or injecting a repair material, a silicate aqueous solution is preliminarily applied as a base treatment material, Repair method for cracks with water leakage in concrete structures.