JP2013007285A - Steam driven compressor apparatus - Google Patents

Steam driven compressor apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2013007285A
JP2013007285A JP2011138822A JP2011138822A JP2013007285A JP 2013007285 A JP2013007285 A JP 2013007285A JP 2011138822 A JP2011138822 A JP 2011138822A JP 2011138822 A JP2011138822 A JP 2011138822A JP 2013007285 A JP2013007285 A JP 2013007285A
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Prior art keywords
steam
valve
discharge
compressor
pressure
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JP5568518B2 (en
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Yusuke Yamamoto
祐介 山本
Umi Nakanishi
海 中西
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Miura Co Ltd
Kobe Steel Ltd
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Miura Co Ltd
Kobe Steel Ltd
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Priority to JP2011138822A priority Critical patent/JP5568518B2/en
Priority to CN201210207061.6A priority patent/CN102840137B/en
Priority to KR1020120066835A priority patent/KR101319055B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/02—Pumps characterised by combination with or adaptation to specific driving engines or motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/08—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F01C1/12—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F01C1/14—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F01C1/16—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01C13/04—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby for driving pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/24—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/12—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
    • F04C29/124—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet with inlet and outlet valves specially adapted for rotary or oscillating piston pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00—Fluid
    • F04C2210/22—Fluid gaseous, i.e. compressible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/30—Casings or housings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S417/00—Pumps

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a steam driven compressor apparatus which does not rotate reversely upon stopping.SOLUTION: The steam driven compressor apparatus 1 includes: a steam expander 2 for converting steam expansion force into rotational force; compressors 4, 5 which are driven by the steam expander 2 to compress object gas; a discharge flow path 9 in which the compressed object gas is discharged from the compressor 5 and which is provided with a check valve 8; and a blow-off flow passage 12 which is branched from the discharge flow passage 9 on the upstream side of the check valve 8 and is opened outside via a blow-off valve 10, and further includes: a steam control valve 14 capable of controlling the steam flow rate of the steam expander 2; a discharge pressure detector 13 for detecting the pressure in the discharge flow passage 9 on the upstream side of the check valve 8; and a stop control device 15 for opening the blow-off valve 10 until the detection value of the discharge pressure detector 13 becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined set pressure when driving of the compressors 4, 5 is stopped.

Description

本発明は、蒸気駆動式圧縮装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a steam-driven compression device.

ボイラで発生した蒸気を使用するプラントにおいては、ボイラが発生する中圧（例えば１．２〜１．６ＭＰａ）の蒸気を減圧弁で減圧し、低圧（例えば０．８〜０．９ＭＰａ）の蒸気を需要設備に供給するのが一般的である。減圧弁で蒸気を減圧すると、蒸気の圧力差エネルギーを廃棄することになるためエネルギーを回収することが望まれる。   In a plant that uses steam generated in a boiler, the medium pressure (for example, 1.2 to 1.6 MPa) steam generated by the boiler is decompressed by a pressure reducing valve, and the low pressure (for example, 0.8 to 0.9 MPa) steam is used. Is generally supplied to demand equipment. When the pressure of the steam is reduced by the pressure reducing valve, the pressure difference energy of the steam is discarded, and it is desired to recover the energy.

特許文献１には、蒸気でスクリュ蒸気膨張機（「蒸気モータ」または「スチームエンド」）を駆動することによって、蒸気の圧力エネルギーを回転力に変換して回収し、さらにその蒸気膨張機の回転力によってスクリュ圧縮機（エアエンド）を駆動して、空気を圧縮する蒸気駆動式圧縮装置が記載されている。特許文献１の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置は、蒸気膨張機に蒸気を供給する流路に蒸気制御弁を設け、この制御弁をスクリュ圧縮機の吐出流路の圧力を一定に保つようにＰＩＤ制御することで、蒸気膨張機の回転数を制御するようになっている。   In Patent Document 1, by driving a screw steam expander (“steam motor” or “steam end”) with steam, the pressure energy of the steam is converted into rotational force and recovered, and the rotation of the steam expander is further recovered. A steam-driven compressor that compresses air by driving a screw compressor (air end) by force is described. The steam-driven compressor of Patent Document 1 is provided with a steam control valve in a flow path for supplying steam to the steam expander, and this control valve performs PID control so as to keep the pressure in the discharge flow path of the screw compressor constant. Thus, the rotation speed of the steam expander is controlled.

このような蒸気駆動式圧縮装置では、その運転を停止する場合には、蒸気制御弁を全閉にすることによって、蒸気膨張機が駆動トルクを発生しないようにする。しかしながら、運転停止状態において、スクリュ圧縮機の吐出流路の圧力が高い場合には、この吐出流路の圧力によってスクリュ圧縮機のロータを逆回転させるトルクが生じる。つまり、吐出流路の圧力が高いと、スクリュ圧縮機は、スクリュ膨張機として動作することによって逆回転する。蒸気制御弁が閉鎖されている状態では、蒸気膨張機はトルクを発生せず、スクリュ圧縮機の回転を制止することもできない。したがって、従来の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置は、吐出流路の圧力によってスクリュ圧縮機が逆回転することを防止することができない。   In such a steam-driven compressor, when the operation is stopped, the steam control valve is fully closed so that the steam expander does not generate drive torque. However, when the pressure of the discharge flow path of the screw compressor is high in the operation stop state, torque that reversely rotates the rotor of the screw compressor is generated by the pressure of the discharge flow path. That is, when the pressure in the discharge flow path is high, the screw compressor rotates in reverse by operating as a screw expander. When the steam control valve is closed, the steam expander does not generate torque and cannot stop the rotation of the screw compressor. Therefore, the conventional steam-driven compressor cannot prevent the screw compressor from rotating reversely due to the pressure of the discharge passage.

蒸気駆動式圧縮装置の構成によっては、このようなスクリュ圧縮機の逆回転を許容できない場合がある。例えば、オイルフリー式スクリュ圧縮機において、ロータ軸、あるいはシール本体にねじを設けて、ロータ軸の回転によって軸受用潤滑油や空気にロータ室から軸受に向かって移動するような圧力を与えるビスコシールと呼ばれるシール構造を採用したものがある。このようなスクリュ圧縮機では、ロータ軸が逆回転すると、ビスコシールが内部の軸受用潤滑油をビスコシールの近傍に設けられた大気開放孔などを通じて外部に排出してしまう。   Depending on the configuration of the steam-driven compressor, such a reverse rotation of the screw compressor may not be allowed. For example, in an oil-free screw compressor, a screw shaft is provided on the rotor shaft or the seal body, and the rotation of the rotor shaft gives the lubricating oil and air for the bearing to a pressure that moves from the rotor chamber toward the bearing. Some have adopted a so-called seal structure. In such a screw compressor, when the rotor shaft rotates in the reverse direction, the visco seal discharges the internal bearing lubricating oil to the outside through an air opening hole provided in the vicinity of the visco seal.

特開２００９−２５０１９６号公報JP 2009-250196 A

前記問題点に鑑みて、本発明は、停止時に逆回転しない蒸気駆動式圧縮装置を提供することを課題とする。   In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a steam-driven compressor that does not reversely rotate when stopped.

前記課題を解決するために、本発明による蒸気駆動式圧縮装置は、蒸気の膨張力を回転力に変換する蒸気膨張機と、前記蒸気膨張機によって駆動されて対象気体を圧縮する圧縮機と、前記圧縮機から圧縮された前記対象気体が吐出され、逆止弁を備える吐出流路と、前記逆止弁の上流側において前記吐出流路から分岐し、放風弁を介して外部に開放した放風流路とを有し、前記蒸気膨張機の前記蒸気の流量を制御可能な蒸気制御弁と、前記逆止弁の上流側において前記吐出流路の圧力を検出する吐出圧力検出器と、前記圧縮機の駆動を停止する際に、前記吐出圧力検出器の検出値が所定の設定圧力以下になるまでは、前記放風弁を開放する停止制御装置とを備えるものとする。   In order to solve the above problems, a steam-driven compression device according to the present invention includes a steam expander that converts an expansion force of steam into a rotational force, a compressor that is driven by the steam expander and compresses a target gas, The target gas compressed from the compressor is discharged, a discharge flow path having a check valve, a branch from the discharge flow path on the upstream side of the check valve, and opened to the outside through a discharge valve A steam control valve capable of controlling the flow rate of the steam of the steam expander, a discharge pressure detector for detecting the pressure of the discharge channel on the upstream side of the check valve, When stopping the driving of the compressor, a stop control device for opening the air discharge valve is provided until the detection value of the discharge pressure detector becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined set pressure.

この構成によれば、圧縮機を停止する際に放風弁を開いて圧縮機の吐出流路の圧力を十分に低下させるので、スクリュ膨張機の駆動トルクがなくなったときに、吐出流路の圧力によって膨張機が逆回転することがない。   According to this configuration, when the compressor is stopped, the discharge valve is opened to sufficiently reduce the pressure of the discharge passage of the compressor, so when the drive torque of the screw expander is lost, The expander does not reversely rotate due to pressure.

また、本発明の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置において、前記停止制御装置は、前記圧縮機の駆動を停止する際に、前記蒸気制御弁の開度を徐々に小さくしつつ、前記放風弁の開度を徐々に大きくしてもよい。この場合には、前記吐出圧力検出器の検出値が所定の設定圧力以下になったときには、直ちに、前記蒸気制御弁および前記放風弁を全閉にすることが好ましい。   Further, in the steam drive type compression device of the present invention, the stop control device, when stopping the drive of the compressor, while gradually reducing the opening of the steam control valve, the opening of the discharge valve May be gradually increased. In this case, it is preferable that the steam control valve and the discharge valve are fully closed immediately when the detection value of the discharge pressure detector becomes a predetermined set pressure or less.

この構成によれば、蒸気制御弁を徐々に閉鎖して発生する駆動トルクを漸減させ、放風弁を徐々に開放して吐出流路の圧力を漸減させる。これによって、蒸気膨張機および圧縮機の回転数をスムーズに低下させられる。また、吐出流路の圧力が十分に低下した場合には、直ちに蒸気制御弁および放風弁を全閉にして、運転を完全停止すれば、無駄な蒸気の消費をなくせる。   According to this configuration, the driving torque generated by gradually closing the steam control valve is gradually decreased, and the air discharge valve is gradually opened to gradually decrease the pressure in the discharge passage. Thereby, the rotation speed of a steam expander and a compressor can be reduced smoothly. In addition, when the pressure in the discharge passage is sufficiently reduced, wasteful steam consumption can be eliminated by immediately closing the steam control valve and the discharge valve and completely stopping the operation.

また、本発明の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置において、前記停止制御装置は、前記圧縮機の駆動を停止する際に、所定の設定時間後に前記蒸気制御弁が全閉となるように前記蒸気制御弁を一定の速度で閉鎖すると同時に、前記設定時間後に前記放風弁が全開となるように、前記放風弁を一定の速度で開放してもよい。この場合にも、前記吐出圧力検出器の検出値が所定の設定圧力以下になったときには、直ちに、前記蒸気制御弁および前記放風弁を全閉にすることが好ましい。   Further, in the steam drive type compression device of the present invention, the stop control device is configured to turn the steam control valve so that the steam control valve is fully closed after a predetermined set time when the drive of the compressor is stopped. At the same time as closing at a constant speed, the air release valve may be opened at a constant speed so that the air release valve is fully opened after the set time. Also in this case, it is preferable that the steam control valve and the air discharge valve are fully closed immediately when the detection value of the discharge pressure detector becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined set pressure.

この構成によれば、駆動トルクの減少と吐出流路の圧力低下とを等しいタイムスパンでバランスよく生じさせられるので、蒸気膨張機および圧縮機の回転数をスムーズに低下させられる。   According to this configuration, a decrease in driving torque and a decrease in pressure in the discharge flow path can be generated in a balanced manner with an equal time span, so that the rotation speeds of the steam expander and the compressor can be reduced smoothly.

本発明の第１実施形態の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the vapor | steam drive-type compression apparatus of 1st Embodiment of this invention. 図１の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置における運転停止時の蒸気制御弁と放風弁の開度変化を例示する図である。It is a figure which illustrates the opening degree change of the steam control valve at the time of operation stop in the steam drive type compressor of Drawing 1, and a vent valve. 図１の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置における運転停止時の蒸気制御弁と放風弁の開度変化を示し、且つ、図２に示したものより早く吐出圧力が低下した場合を例示する図である。It is a figure which shows the opening change of the steam control valve at the time of operation stop in the steam drive type compressor of Drawing 1, and the case where the discharge pressure falls earlier than what was shown in Drawing 2. 図１の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置における運転停止時の蒸気制御弁と放風弁の、図２および図３に示したものとは別の開度変化を例示する図である。It is a figure which illustrates the opening degree change different from what was shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 of the steam control valve and the ventilation valve at the time of operation stop in the steam drive type compressor of FIG. 本発明の第２実施形態の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the vapor | steam drive-type compression apparatus of 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

これより、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。先ず、図１に、本発明の第１実施形態である蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１を示す。蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１は、空気を圧縮すべき対象気体とする圧縮空気製造装置である。   Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. First, FIG. 1 shows a steam-driven compression device 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The steam-driven compression device 1 is a compressed air production device that uses air as a target gas to be compressed.

蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１は、蒸気の膨張力を回転力に変換する蒸気膨張機２と、ギア３を介して蒸気膨張機２によって駆動され、空気を圧縮する第１段圧縮機４および第２段圧縮機５とを有する。蒸気膨張機２は、ハウジング内に雌雄一対のスクリュロータを収容してなり、スクリュロータの歯溝内の密閉空間において蒸気を膨張させることによって、スクリュロータを回転させるスクリュエキスパンダである。第１段圧縮機４および第２段圧縮機５は、ハウジング内に雌雄一対のスクリュロータを収容してなり、スクリュロータを回転駆動することによって、スクリュロータの歯溝内の密閉空間において空気を圧縮するスクリュ圧縮機である。   The steam-driven compressor 1 includes a steam expander 2 that converts steam expansion force into rotational force, a first stage compressor 4 and a second compressor that are driven by the steam expander 2 via a gear 3 and compress air. A stage compressor 5. The steam expander 2 is a screw expander that houses a pair of male and female screw rotors in a housing and rotates the screw rotor by expanding steam in a sealed space in the tooth groove of the screw rotor. The first-stage compressor 4 and the second-stage compressor 5 house a pair of male and female screw rotors in a housing. By rotating the screw rotor, air is supplied in a sealed space in the tooth groove of the screw rotor. It is a screw compressor that compresses.

蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１において、第１段圧縮機４と第２段圧縮機５とはインタークーラ６を介して直列に接続されている。つまり、第１段圧縮機４が圧縮して吐出した空気は、インタークーラ６で冷却された後、第２段圧縮機５によってさらに圧縮される。第２段圧縮機５が吐出した圧縮空気は、アフタークーラ７および逆止弁８が介設された吐出流路９を通して不図示のリザーバに送られ、リザーバから需要先に供給される。リザーバには、他の空気圧縮装置が並列に接続されてもよい。   In the steam driven compressor 1, the first stage compressor 4 and the second stage compressor 5 are connected in series via an intercooler 6. That is, the air compressed and discharged by the first stage compressor 4 is cooled by the intercooler 6 and then further compressed by the second stage compressor 5. The compressed air discharged from the second stage compressor 5 is sent to a reservoir (not shown) through a discharge passage 9 in which an aftercooler 7 and a check valve 8 are interposed, and is supplied from the reservoir to a demand destination. Another air compression device may be connected in parallel to the reservoir.

また、蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１は、アフタークーラ７と逆止弁８との間において吐出流路９から分岐し、放風弁１０を介してサイレンサ１１に接続された放風流路１２を有する。つまり、サイレンサ１１を設けた放風流路１２の末端は、大気に開放されている。   Further, the steam-driven compressor 1 has an air discharge passage 12 that branches from the discharge passage 9 between the aftercooler 7 and the check valve 8 and is connected to the silencer 11 through the air discharge valve 10. That is, the end of the discharge channel 12 provided with the silencer 11 is open to the atmosphere.

さらに、蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１は、吐出流路９の逆止弁８の上流側に、より詳しくは、アフタークーラ７と放風流路１２との間に、圧縮空気の圧力Ｐｄを検出する吐出圧力検出器１３を備える。さらに、蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１は、蒸気膨張機２に蒸気を供給する流路に、開度調節することによって蒸気の流量を制御できる蒸気制御弁１４が設けられている。   Further, the steam-driven compressor 1 detects the pressure Pd of the compressed air at the upstream side of the check valve 8 of the discharge flow path 9, more specifically, between the aftercooler 7 and the air discharge flow path 12. A pressure detector 13 is provided. Further, the steam-driven compressor 1 is provided with a steam control valve 14 that can control the flow rate of steam by adjusting the opening degree in a flow path that supplies steam to the steam expander 2.

そして、蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１は、吐出圧力検出器１３の検出値Ｐｄが入力され、放風弁１０および蒸気制御弁１４の開度を制御する停止制御装置１５を備える。また、停止制御装置１５には、蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１に運転停止を指示するために、オペレータの操作により発生または不図示の外部コントローラが出力する停止信号が入力されるようになっている。   And the steam drive type compressor 1 is provided with the stop control apparatus 15 which inputs the detection value Pd of the discharge pressure detector 13, and controls the opening degree of the ventilating valve 10 and the steam control valve 14. FIG. In addition, a stop signal generated by an operator operation or output from an external controller (not shown) is input to the stop controller 15 in order to instruct the steam-driven compressor 1 to stop operation.

停止制御装置１５は、図２に示すように、停止信号が入力されると、予め定めた設定時間（例えば５秒）後に、蒸気制御弁１４が全閉になるように、一定の速度で蒸気制御弁１４の開度を徐々に小さくする。同時に、停止制御装置１５は、設定時間後に、つまり、蒸気制御弁１４が全閉になると同時に、放風弁１０が全開になるように、放風弁１０の開度を一定の速度で徐々に大きくする。   As shown in FIG. 2, when the stop signal is input, the stop control device 15 is configured to steam at a constant speed so that the steam control valve 14 is fully closed after a predetermined set time (for example, 5 seconds). The opening degree of the control valve 14 is gradually reduced. At the same time, the stop control device 15 gradually increases the opening degree of the air discharge valve 10 at a constant speed so that the air discharge valve 10 is fully opened after the set time, that is, the steam control valve 14 is fully closed. Enlarge.

また、停止制御装置１５は、吐出圧力検出器１３の検出値が、所定の設定圧力（例えば０．０１ＭＰａ）以下になると、放風弁１０を直ちに全閉にする。この設定圧力は、蒸気膨張機２の駆動トルクがゼロであっても、第１段圧縮機４および第２段圧縮機５が、吐出流路９の圧力によって逆回転、つまり、蒸気膨張機として駆動されることがないような十分に低い圧力に設定する。   Further, when the detection value of the discharge pressure detector 13 becomes a predetermined set pressure (for example, 0.01 MPa) or less, the stop control device 15 immediately closes the air discharge valve 10 fully. Even if the driving torque of the steam expander 2 is zero, the set pressure is such that the first stage compressor 4 and the second stage compressor 5 are reversely rotated by the pressure of the discharge passage 9, that is, as a steam expander. Set the pressure low enough so that it will not be driven.

本実施形態では、吐出流路９の圧力が十分に低下するまで放風弁１０を開放するので、第１段圧縮機４および第２段圧縮機５が、吐出流路９の圧力によって逆回転しない。   In the present embodiment, the discharge valve 10 is opened until the pressure in the discharge flow path 9 is sufficiently reduced, so that the first stage compressor 4 and the second stage compressor 5 are rotated in reverse by the pressure in the discharge flow path 9. do not do.

また、停止制御装置１５は、蒸気制御弁１４および放風弁１０の開度を徐々に変化させるので、蒸気膨張機２の駆動トルクや第１段圧縮機４および第２段圧縮機５の負荷トルクが急激に変動することがない。このため、蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１では、蒸気膨張機２、第１段圧縮機４および第２段圧縮機５の回転数が急激に変動しないように、スムーズに停止することができる。   Moreover, since the stop control apparatus 15 changes the opening degree of the steam control valve 14 and the ventilating valve 10 gradually, the driving torque of the steam expander 2 and the load of the first stage compressor 4 and the second stage compressor 5 are changed. Torque does not fluctuate rapidly. For this reason, in the steam drive type compressor 1, it can stop smoothly so that the rotation speed of the steam expander 2, the 1st stage compressor 4, and the 2nd stage compressor 5 may not fluctuate rapidly.

尚、停止制御装置１５は、設定時間の経過前に吐出圧力検出器１３の検出値が設定圧力以下になった場合には、設定時間の経過後、つまり、蒸気制御弁１４が全閉および放風弁１０が全開になってから、放風弁１０を閉鎖してもよいが、図３に示すように、所定時間の経過を待つことなく、直ちに、蒸気制御弁１４を全閉にし、且つ、放風弁１０を直ちに全閉にしてもよい。   If the detected value of the discharge pressure detector 13 becomes equal to or lower than the set pressure before the set time elapses, the stop control device 15 causes the steam control valve 14 to be fully closed and released after the set time elapses. The wind release valve 10 may be closed after the wind valve 10 is fully opened, but as shown in FIG. 3, the steam control valve 14 is immediately fully closed without waiting for the elapse of a predetermined time, and The air release valve 10 may be fully closed immediately.

吐出流路９の圧力が十分に低下した場合は、膨張機４，５の逆転のおそれがないので、直ちに蒸気制御弁１４を全閉にして、無駄な蒸気の消費を抑制できる。   When the pressure in the discharge channel 9 is sufficiently reduced, there is no possibility of reverse rotation of the expanders 4 and 5, so that the steam control valve 14 can be fully closed immediately to suppress wasteful steam consumption.

また、蒸気膨張機２、第１段圧縮機４および第２段圧縮機５のスクリュロータ等の慣性力や運転圧力等の条件によっては、蒸気膨張機２、第１段圧縮機４および第２段圧縮機５の回転数が急激に変動する心配がない。その場合は、停止信号が入力された瞬間に、蒸気制御弁１４を全閉にするとともに放風弁１０を全開にしてもよい。   Further, depending on the conditions such as the inertial force and operating pressure of the screw rotor of the steam expander 2, the first stage compressor 4 and the second stage compressor 5, the steam expander 2, the first stage compressor 4 and the second stage compressor There is no worry that the rotational speed of the stage compressor 5 fluctuates rapidly. In that case, the steam control valve 14 may be fully closed and the discharge valve 10 may be fully opened at the moment when the stop signal is input.

例えば図４に示すように、停止信号が入力されるとすぐに放風弁１０が全開から全閉に切り替えるように構成してもよい。この場合、図２や図３のように放風弁１０の開度を徐々に変化させた場合に比べて、第１段圧縮機４および第２段圧縮機５の負荷トルクに若干の変動が生じるが、放風弁１０として安価な電磁開閉弁を採用できるなど、構成を簡略化できるという利点がある。   For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the air discharge valve 10 may be switched from fully open to fully closed as soon as a stop signal is input. In this case, compared with the case where the opening degree of the discharge valve 10 is gradually changed as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the load torques of the first stage compressor 4 and the second stage compressor 5 are slightly changed. Although it occurs, there is an advantage that the structure can be simplified, for example, an inexpensive electromagnetic on-off valve can be adopted as the discharge valve 10.

また、図５には、本発明の第２実施形態である蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１ａを示す。この蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１ａは、第１実施形態の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１と多くの構成が共通であるため、同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付して、重複する説明を省略する。   Moreover, in FIG. 5, the vapor | steam drive type compressor 1a which is 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown. Since the steam-driven compression device 1a has many configurations in common with the steam-driven compression device 1 of the first embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

本実施形態の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１ａは、第１段圧縮機４と第２段圧縮機５とを接続する中間流路から、インタークーラ６の下流側において分岐し、放風弁１６を介してサイレンサ１７に接続された放風流路１８を有する。サイレンサ１７を設けた放風流路１８の末端は、放風流路１２の末端と同様に、大気に開放されている。   The steam-driven compressor 1a of the present embodiment branches from an intermediate flow path connecting the first stage compressor 4 and the second stage compressor 5 on the downstream side of the intercooler 6, and passes through an air discharge valve 16. And an air discharge channel 18 connected to the silencer 17. The end of the air discharge channel 18 provided with the silencer 17 is open to the atmosphere, like the end of the air discharge channel 12.

また、蒸気駆動式圧縮装置１ａは、第１段圧縮機４の吐出圧力、即ち、第１段圧縮機４と第２段圧縮機５とを接続する中間流路の圧力Ｐｍを検出するための中間圧力検出器１９を備えている。そして、この中間圧力検出器１９の検出値Ｐｍは、停止制御装置１５に入力されている。   The steam-driven compressor 1a detects the discharge pressure of the first stage compressor 4, that is, the pressure Pm of the intermediate flow path connecting the first stage compressor 4 and the second stage compressor 5. An intermediate pressure detector 19 is provided. The detection value Pm of the intermediate pressure detector 19 is input to the stop control device 15.

本実施形態の停止制御装置１５は、停止信号が入力されると、蒸気制御弁１４を徐々に閉鎖するとともに、放風弁１０および放風弁１６を徐々に開放する。本実施形態では、吐出圧力検出器１３の検出値Ｐｄおよび中間圧力検出器１９の検出値Ｐｍについて、圧力低下が十分であると判断するための設定値が個別に設定されている。   When the stop signal is input, the stop control device 15 of the present embodiment gradually closes the steam control valve 14 and gradually opens the air discharge valve 10 and the air discharge valve 16. In the present embodiment, set values for determining that the pressure drop is sufficient for the detection value Pd of the discharge pressure detector 13 and the detection value Pm of the intermediate pressure detector 19 are individually set.

そして、放風弁１０については、停止信号が入力されてから所定時間が経過したこと、または、吐出圧力検出器１３の検出値Ｐｄが設定値以下に低下したことを以て、全閉にする。また、放風弁１６については、停止信号が入力されてから所定時間が経過したこと、または、中間圧力検出器１９の検出値Ｐｍが設定値以下に低下したことを以て、全閉にする。さらに、蒸気制御弁１４については、停止信号が入力されてから所定時間が経過したこと、または、吐出圧力検出器１３の検出値Ｐｄが設定値以下に低下したこと、または中間圧力検出器１９の検出値Ｐｍが設定値以下に低下したことの、いずれかの状態となったことを以て、全閉にする。   The air discharge valve 10 is fully closed when a predetermined time has elapsed since the stop signal was input or when the detection value Pd of the discharge pressure detector 13 has dropped below the set value. Further, the air release valve 16 is fully closed when a predetermined time has elapsed since the stop signal was input or when the detection value Pm of the intermediate pressure detector 19 has decreased below the set value. Further, for the steam control valve 14, that a predetermined time has passed since the stop signal was input, or that the detection value Pd of the discharge pressure detector 13 has fallen below the set value, or that of the intermediate pressure detector 19 When the detection value Pm has fallen below the set value, the state is fully closed.

このように、各段の圧縮機の吐出圧力を、それぞれ、放風弁を開放して十分に低下させることで、より確実に、蒸気駆動式圧縮装置が停止時に逆回転することを防止できる。   As described above, the discharge pressure of the compressor at each stage is sufficiently lowered by opening the air discharge valve, so that the steam-driven compressor can be more reliably prevented from reversely rotating when stopped.

１，１ａ…蒸気駆動式圧縮装置
２…蒸気膨張機
４…第１段圧縮機
５…第２段圧縮機
８…逆止弁
９…吐出流路
１０，１６…放風弁
１１，１７…サイレンサ
１２，１８…放風流路
１３…吐出圧力検出器
１４…蒸気制御弁
１５…停止制御装置
１９…中間圧力検出器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a ... Steam drive type compressor 2 ... Steam expander 4 ... 1st stage compressor 5 ... 2nd stage compressor 8 ... Check valve 9 ... Discharge flow path 10, 16 ... Air discharge valve 11, 17 ... Silencer DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12, 18 ... Air discharge flow path 13 ... Discharge pressure detector 14 ... Steam control valve 15 ... Stop control apparatus 19 ... Intermediate pressure detector

Claims (4)

蒸気の膨張力を回転力に変換する蒸気膨張機と、
前記蒸気膨張機によって駆動されて対象気体を圧縮する圧縮機と、
前記圧縮機から圧縮された前記対象気体が吐出され、逆止弁を備える吐出流路と、
前記逆止弁の上流側において前記吐出流路から分岐し、放風弁を介して外部に開放した放風流路とを有し、
前記蒸気膨張機の前記蒸気の流量を制御可能な蒸気制御弁と、
前記逆止弁の上流側において前記吐出流路の圧力を検出する吐出圧力検出器と、
前記圧縮機の駆動を停止する際に、前記吐出圧力検出器の検出値が所定の設定圧力以下になるまでは、前記放風弁を開放する停止制御装置とを備えることを特徴とする蒸気駆動式圧縮装置。 A steam expander that converts the expansion force of steam into rotational force;
A compressor driven by the steam expander to compress the target gas;
The target gas compressed from the compressor is discharged, and a discharge flow path including a check valve;
An air discharge passage that branches off from the discharge passage on the upstream side of the check valve and is opened to the outside through the air discharge valve;
A steam control valve capable of controlling the flow rate of the steam of the steam expander;
A discharge pressure detector for detecting the pressure of the discharge flow path upstream of the check valve;
A steam drive comprising: a stop control device that opens the air discharge valve until the detection value of the discharge pressure detector becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined set pressure when the drive of the compressor is stopped. Type compression device. 前記停止制御装置は、前記圧縮機の駆動を停止する際に、前記蒸気制御弁の開度を徐々に小さくしつつ、前記放風弁の開度を徐々に大きくすることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置。   The stop control device, when stopping the drive of the compressor, gradually increases the opening degree of the discharge valve while gradually decreasing the opening degree of the steam control valve. 1. A steam-driven compression device according to 1. 前記停止制御装置は、前記圧縮機の駆動を停止する際に、所定の設定時間後に前記蒸気制御弁が全閉となるように前記蒸気制御弁を一定の速度で閉鎖すると同時に、前記設定時間後に前記放風弁が全開となるように、前記放風弁を一定の速度で開放することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置。   The stop control device closes the steam control valve at a constant speed so that the steam control valve is fully closed after a predetermined set time when the drive of the compressor is stopped, and at the same time after the set time. The steam-driven compressor according to claim 1, wherein the vent valve is opened at a constant speed so that the vent valve is fully opened. 前記吐出圧力検出器の検出値が所定の設定圧力以下になったときには、直ちに、前記蒸気制御弁および前記放風弁を全閉にすることを特徴とする請求項２または３に記載の蒸気駆動式圧縮装置。   The steam drive according to claim 2 or 3, wherein when the detection value of the discharge pressure detector becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined set pressure, the steam control valve and the discharge valve are immediately closed. Type compression device.
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