JP2013004595A - 太陽電池用封止膜及びこれを用いた太陽電池 - Google Patents
太陽電池用封止膜及びこれを用いた太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013004595A JP2013004595A JP2011131839A JP2011131839A JP2013004595A JP 2013004595 A JP2013004595 A JP 2013004595A JP 2011131839 A JP2011131839 A JP 2011131839A JP 2011131839 A JP2011131839 A JP 2011131839A JP 2013004595 A JP2013004595 A JP 2013004595A
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- Prior art keywords
- sealing film
- solar cell
- side sealing
- surface side
- mass
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】表面側透明保護部材11、表面側封止膜12、太陽電池用セル14、裏面側封止膜13A及び裏面側保護部材13Bがこの順で積層され、且つ太陽電池用セル14が所定の位置にセル止めテープで仮止めされた積層体を、架橋一体化させることにより前記太陽電池用セルを封止してなる太陽電池に使用する前記表面側封止膜であって、EVA、架橋剤及び紫外線吸収剤を含み、前記架橋剤が2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサンであり、前記EVA100質量部に対して1.2〜2.5質量部含み、前記紫外線吸収剤が2−ヒドロキシ−4−n−オクトキシベンゾフェノンであり、前記EVA100質量部に対して0.015〜0.05質量部含むことを特徴とする表面側太陽電池用封止膜13A。
【選択図】図1
Description
エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、架橋剤及び紫外線吸収剤を含み、前記架橋剤が2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサンであり、前記エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体100質量部に対して1.2〜2.5質量部含み、前記紫外線吸収剤が2−ヒドロキシ−4−n−オクトキシベンゾフェノンであり、前記エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体100質量部に対して0.015〜0.05質量部含むことを特徴とする太陽電池用表面側封止膜により達成されることを見出した。
この黄変度が4を超えるとセル止めテープの黄色味が視認可能となるので、4以下においては太陽電池の外観性の低下を防止することができる。
(2)セル止めテープが、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの表面に粘着剤層を有するテープである。
(3)裏面側封止膜が、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、架橋剤及び着色剤を含む。
表面側透明保護部材及び表面側封止膜を透過し、更に太陽電池用セル同士の隙間等から裏面側封止膜に達した紫外線領域の波長を含む太陽光を反射させ、太陽電池用セルに入射させることで発電効率の向上を図ることができる。また、紫外線領域の波長を反射させることで裏面側保護部材へ透過することが防止され、紫外線による裏面側保護部材の黄変を防止することができる。
(4)着色剤が、二酸化チタンである。
太陽光、特に紫外線を良好に反射させることが可能である。
(5)裏面側封止膜が、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、架橋剤及び紫外線吸収剤を含み、紫外線吸収剤が、前記エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体100質量部に対して、0.2〜0.5質量部含む。
紫外線を裏面側封止膜で吸収することで紫外線の裏面側保護部材への入射が抑制され、その黄変を防止することができる。
表面側封止膜及び裏面側封止膜は、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVAとも言う)を主成分とすることで、安価であり、加工性及び柔軟性に優れる太陽電池用封止膜を形成することができる。
2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサンは、ジアルキルパーオキサイド類有機過酸化物に分類される有機過酸化物であり、その構造は、下記式(I)
2−ヒドロキシ−4−n−オクトキシベンゾフェノンは、ベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤に分類され、その構造は、下記式(II)
裏面側封止膜に着色剤を含有させることにより、表面側封止膜を透過した太陽光、特に紫外線領域の波長を反射させて太陽電池用セルに入射させることで発電効率の向上が図られる。また、裏面側保護部材への紫外線の入射が阻止され、その黄変を防止することができる。
裏面側封止膜に使用する紫外線吸収剤としては、特に制限されないが、2−ヒドロキシ−4−メトキシベンゾフェノン、2−ヒドロキシ−4−n−ドデシロキシベンゾフェノン、2,4−ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2,2'−ジヒドロキシ−4−メトキシベンゾフェノン、2−ヒドロキシ−4−n−オクトキシベンゾフェノン等のベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤が好ましく挙げられる。特に、2−ヒドロキシ−4−n−オクトキシベンゾフェノンが好ましい。紫外線吸収剤の配合量は、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体100質量部に対して0.2〜0.5質量部、好ましくは0.2〜0.4質量部であることが好ましい。0.2質量部より少ないと紫外線吸収性が低下して裏面側保護部材(バックシート)に透過する紫外線量が増大して黄変が生じる場合がある。0.5質量部より多いと裏面側封止膜の黄変が生じる場合がある。これら紫外線吸収剤は1種単独でも、2種以上を混合しても使用することができる。なお、裏面側封止膜は、着色剤と紫外線吸収剤の両方を含んでいてもよい。
裏面側封止膜に使用する架橋剤は、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体の架橋構造を形成することができるものである。架橋剤は、有機過酸化物又は光重合開始剤を用いることが好ましい。なかでも、接着力、耐湿性、耐貫通性の温度依存性が改善された封止膜が得られることから、有機過酸化物を用いるのが好ましい。
架橋硬化前の表面側封止膜及び裏面側封止膜は、架橋助剤を含んでいることが好ましい。架橋助剤は、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体の架橋密度を向上させ、封止膜の接着性及び耐久性を向上させることができる。
表面側封止膜及び裏面側封止膜は、接着力を高める目的で、シランカップリング剤を含むことが好ましい。シランカップリング剤としては、γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ−クロロプロピルメトキシシラン、ビニルエトキシシラン、ビニルトリス(β−メトキシエトキシ)シラン、ビニルトリアセトキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、β−(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリクロロシラン、γ−メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N−β−(アミノエチル)−γ−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン等を挙げることができる。この中でも、メタクリロキシ基を含むシランカップリング剤であるγ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシランが好ましく、特に、γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシランが好ましい。これらシランカップリング剤は、単独で使用しても、又は2種以上組み合わせて使用しても良い。また、シランカップリング剤の含有量は、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体100質量部に対して0.01〜5質量部であることが好ましく、特に0.1〜2質量部が好ましい。
本発明に係る表面側封止膜及び裏面側封止膜は、膜の種々の物性(機械的強度、透明性等の光学的特性、耐熱性、耐光性、架橋速度等)の改良あるいは調整、特に機械的強度の改良のため、必要に応じて、可塑剤、アクリロキシ基含有化合物、メタクリロキシ基含有化合物及び/又はエポキシ基含有化合物などの各種添加剤をさらに含んでいてもよい。
本発明の太陽電池の構造は、表面側透明保護部材、表面側封止膜、太陽電池用セル、裏面側封止膜及び裏面側保護部材がこの順で積層され、且つ前記太陽電池用セルが所定の位置にセル止めテープで仮止めされた積層体を、架橋一体化させることにより前記太陽電池用セルを封止してなる太陽電池である。なお、本発明において、太陽電池用セルの光が照射される側(受光面側)を「表面側」と称し、太陽電池用セルの受光面とは反対面側を「裏面側」と称する。
<表面側封止膜の作製>
表1及び2に示す配合で各材料をロールミルに供給し、70℃において混練して太陽電池用封止膜組成物を調製した。この太陽電池用封止膜組成物を、70℃においてカレンダ成形し、放冷後、表面側封止膜(厚さ0.5mm)を作製した。
・EVA100質量部、架橋剤(2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサン)1.3質量部、架橋助剤(トリアリルイソシアヌレート)2.0質量部、接着性向上剤(γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン)0.5質量部と、表1及び2に示す添加剤(白色顔料又は紫外線吸収剤)を表示した量で配合した材料を、ロールミルに供給し、70℃において混練して太陽電池用封止膜組成物を調製した。この太陽電池用封止膜組成物を、70℃においてカレンダ成形し、放冷後、裏面側封止膜(厚さ0.5mm)を得た。
図3(a)に示すように、白板ガラス21/上記表面側封止膜23A/アルミニウム板27/PET26/上記裏面側封止膜23B/裏面側保護部材(バックシート)22の順で積層し、100℃に設定した真空ラミネータで10分加圧して仮圧着して得た積層体を、140℃に設定したオーブンに入れ、発泡するまでの時間を測定した。
図3(b)に示すように、白板ガラス21/上記表面側封止膜23A/白板ガラス21の順で積層し、100℃に設定した真空ラミネータで10分間加圧して仮圧着して得た積層体を、155℃に設定したオーブンに入れ、45分架橋させた。これにより得たサンプルについて、s−UV照射試験機(アイスーパーUVテスター(岩崎電気社製)を用いて、光源としてメタルハライドランプを使用して、照射強度1000W/m2で紫外線を300時間照射した。紫外線照射後の黄色度(YI)と照射前の黄色度(YI)を、カラーメーター(HZ−2、スガ試験機株式会社製)を用いて、JIS−K−7105(1981)に準拠して測定し、その差である黄変度(ΔYI)を算出した。
上記で作成した表面側封止膜をオーブンにて、155℃で架橋反応を行い、一定時間毎に約1g精秤し、ソックスレー抽出器を用いて熱キシレンで8時間抽出処理した後、生じたゲル成分を80℃で12時間以上乾燥して秤量した。封止膜に対するゲル成分の質量%を算出し、その数値が80%に達する架橋時間を架橋速度とした。
図3(c)に示すように、白板ガラス21/上記表面側封止膜23A/PET26/上記表面側封止膜23A/白板ガラス21の順で積層し、100℃に設定した真空ラミネータで10分間加圧して仮圧着して得た積層体を、155℃に設定したオーブンに入れ、45分架橋させた。これにより得たサンプルについて、s−UV照射試験機(アイスーパーUVテスター(岩崎電気社製)を用いて、光源としてメタルハライドランプを使用して、照射強度1000W/m2で紫外線を24時間照射した。紫外線照射後の黄色度(YI)と照射前の黄色度(YI)を、カラーメーター(HZ−2、スガ試験機株式会社製)を用いて、JIS−K−7105(1981)に準拠して測定し、その差である黄変度(ΔYI)を算出した。
図3(b)に示すように、白板ガラス21/上記表面側封止膜23A/白板ガラス21の順で積層し、100℃に設定した真空ラミネータで10分間加圧して仮圧着して得た積層体を、155℃に設定したオーブンに入れ、45分架橋させた。これにより得たサンプルについて、波長400nmにおける透過率を分光光度計(日立製作所製;U−4000)により測定した。
図3(d)に示すように、白板ガラス21/上記表面側封止膜23A/上記裏面側封止膜23B/裏面側保護部材22の順で積層し、100℃に設定した真空ラミネータで10分間加圧して仮圧着して得た積層体を、155℃に設定したオーブンに入れ、45分架橋させた。これにより得たサンプルについて、s−UV照射試験機(アイスーパーUVテスター(岩崎電気社製)を用いて、光源としてメタルハライドランプを使用して、照射強度1000W/m2で紫外線を300時間照射した。紫外線照射後の黄色度(YI)と照射前の黄色度(YI)を、カラーメーター(HZ−2、スガ試験機株式会社製)を用いて、JIS−K−7105(1981)に準拠して測定し、その差である黄変度(ΔYI)を算出した。
白色顔料を添加した裏面側封止膜(実施例1〜7、比較例1〜9)について、図3(e)に示すように、裏面側封止膜23Bと黒色遮蔽材28を積層し、100℃に設定した真空ラミネータで10分間加圧して仮圧着して得た積層体を、155℃に設定したオーブンに入れ、45分架橋させた。これにより得たサンプルについて、波長300〜400nmにおける反射率を分光光度計(日立製作所製;U−4000)により測定した。
・ガラス板(50mm×50mm、厚さ:3mm)
・裏面側保護部材(50mm×50mm、厚さ:350μm)
・PET(20mm×10mm、厚さ:50μm)
・アルミニウム板(30mm×30mm、厚さ:200μm)
・黒色遮蔽材(50mm×50mm、厚さ:0.5mm)
上記(1)〜(7)の評価を表3に示す基準でそれぞれ判定し、合計7つの評価のうち、×を1つでも有するもの、又は△が3つ以上あるものを総合判定×とし、それ以外のものを○とした。
*1: EVAの酢酸ビニル含有量は26質量%である。
*2: 2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサン(パーヘキサ25B:日本油脂(株)製)
*3: t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキシルモノカーボネート
*4: トリアリルイソシアヌレート
*5: γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン
*6: 2−ヒドロキシ−4−n−オクトキシベンゾフェノン(スミソーブ130:住友化学(株)製)
*7: 2,2'−ジヒドロキシ−4,4'−ジメトキシベンゾフェノン
*8: 二酸化チタン微粒子(平均粒径:250nm)
*9: 二酸化チタン微粒子(平均粒径:200nm)
表1及び表2に示されているように、架橋剤Aの添加量が1.2質量部未満である場合には架橋速度が低下していた。架橋剤Aの添加量が2.5質量部より多い場合には発泡するまでの時間が早く、表面側封止膜が黄変した。紫外線吸収剤Aの添加量が0.015質量部未満の場合には、紫外線透過量が多いため仮止めテープの黄変が生じていた。紫外線吸収剤Aの添加量が0.05質量部より多い場合には、表面側封止膜の黄変が生じていた。また、架橋剤Aと紫外線吸収剤Aの組合せ以外の場合には、発泡又は仮止めテープの黄変の点で評価が低かった。
12 裏面側保護部材
13A 表面側封止膜
13B 裏面側封止膜
14 太陽電池用セル
15 接続タブ
16 セル止めテープ
17 導電バー
21 ガラス板(表面側透明保護部材)
22 白色顔料を含むPET(裏面側保護部材)
23A 表面側封止膜
23B 裏面側封止膜
26 PET
27 アルムニウム板
28 黒色遮蔽材
Claims (7)
- 表面側透明保護部材、表面側封止膜、太陽電池用セル、裏面側封止膜及び裏面側保護部材がこの順で積層され、且つ前記太陽電池用セルが所定の位置にセル止めテープで仮止めされた積層体を、架橋一体化させることにより前記太陽電池用セルを封止してなる太陽電池に使用する前記表面側封止膜であって、
エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、架橋剤及び紫外線吸収剤を含み、
前記架橋剤が2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサンであり、前記エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体100質量部に対して1.2〜2.5質量部含み、
前記紫外線吸収剤が2−ヒドロキシ−4−n−オクトキシベンゾフェノンであり、前記エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体100質量部に対して0.015〜0.05質量部含むことを特徴とする太陽電池用表面側封止膜。 - 表面側透明保護部材、表面側封止膜、太陽電池用セル、裏面側封止膜及び裏面側保護部材がこの順で積層され、且つ前記太陽電池用セルが所定の位置にセル止めテープで仮止めされた積層体を、架橋一体化させることにより前記太陽電池用セルを封止してなる太陽電池であって、
前記表面側封止膜として、請求項1に記載の太陽電池用表面側封止膜を用いたことを特徴とする太陽電池。 - 光源としてメタルハライドランプを使用し、紫外線を照射強度1000W/m2で24時間照射した場合の、JIS−K−7105(1981)に準拠して測定した前記セル止めテープの黄変度(ΔYI)が4以下であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記セル止めテープが、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの表面に粘着剤層を有するテープであることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記裏面側封止膜が、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、架橋剤及び着色剤を含むことを特徴とする請求項2〜4の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記着色剤が、二酸化チタンであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記裏面側封止膜が、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、架橋剤及び紫外線吸収剤を含み、
前記紫外線吸収剤が、前記エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体100質量部に対して、0.2〜0.5質量部含むことを特徴とする請求項2〜4の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池。
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WO2015023152A1 (ko) * | 2013-08-16 | 2015-02-19 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 실 테이프 |
KR101862906B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-29 | 2018-05-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 유기 태양 전지 모듈을 포함하는 휴대용 단말기 |
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ITBO20130477A1 (it) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-07 | Carlo Dallari | Modulo fotovoltaico per la produzione di energia elettrica da energia solare |
ITBO20130645A1 (it) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-05-26 | Carlo Dallari | Modulo fotovoltaico per la produzione di energia elettrica da energia solare |
FR3071682A1 (fr) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-03-29 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede de fabrication d'un module photovoltaique avec controle de la distance inter-series de cellules photovoltaiques |
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JP2003324211A (ja) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-11-14 | Bridgestone Corp | 太陽電池モジュール及びそのための仮止め用テープ |
JP2010245391A (ja) * | 2009-04-08 | 2010-10-28 | Bridgestone Corp | 太陽電池モジュールの製造方法 |
JP2011111515A (ja) * | 2009-11-26 | 2011-06-09 | Bridgestone Corp | 太陽電池用封止膜、及び太陽電池 |
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JP5517121B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-17 | 2014-06-11 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュール用の封止材フィルムの製造方法 |
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JP2010245391A (ja) * | 2009-04-08 | 2010-10-28 | Bridgestone Corp | 太陽電池モジュールの製造方法 |
JP2011111515A (ja) * | 2009-11-26 | 2011-06-09 | Bridgestone Corp | 太陽電池用封止膜、及び太陽電池 |
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WO2015023152A1 (ko) * | 2013-08-16 | 2015-02-19 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 실 테이프 |
TWI558780B (zh) * | 2013-08-16 | 2016-11-21 | Lg化學股份有限公司 | 壓敏性黏著劑組成物 |
US10435597B2 (en) | 2013-08-16 | 2019-10-08 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Seal tape |
US10619079B2 (en) | 2013-08-16 | 2020-04-14 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Pressure-sensitive adhesive composition |
KR101862906B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-29 | 2018-05-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 유기 태양 전지 모듈을 포함하는 휴대용 단말기 |
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