JP2012531481A - 複合材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
複合材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012531481A JP2012531481A JP2012516613A JP2012516613A JP2012531481A JP 2012531481 A JP2012531481 A JP 2012531481A JP 2012516613 A JP2012516613 A JP 2012516613A JP 2012516613 A JP2012516613 A JP 2012516613A JP 2012531481 A JP2012531481 A JP 2012531481A
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- Prior art keywords
- epoxy
- composite material
- manufacturing
- fiber
- epoxy resin
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
より軟質のマトリックスの強度と剛性を高めるために、例えば、強くて剛性の繊維を該マトリックス中に導入することができる。これによって複合材料がつくり出される。同時にマトリックスの所望の機械的特性は失われず、複合材料は一般に、強化用繊維のみによって示されるよりもはるかに高い靱性、フレキシビリティ、及び延性挙動を示す。
繊維を分散させた硬化系(硬化システム)により、必要とされる機械的特性〔特に、容認しうる強度と要求される弾性(例えば、弾性率Eで特徴づけることができる)〕を有する複合材料が得られる。引張試験において測定される弾性率は引張弾性率と呼ばれ、屈曲試験において測定される弾性率は曲げ弾性率と呼ばれる。引張弾性率と曲げ弾性率は、等方性材料に対しては理論的に全く同じである。
したがって複合材料の硬化系は、従来より、任意の強化用繊維なしで硬化させる場合でも、比較的高い強度と剛性、及び一般には40MPaより高い曲げ弾性率を示す硬化性エポキシ系の中から選択されている。
・安全性が改良されていること
・車の性能がより良好であること(損傷部品を交換するのに必要なピットストップが全くないか又はより少なく、レースの全体にわたって空気力学的完全性が保持される)
・メンテナンスコストがより低いこと(部品の交換がない)
標準的な複合材料用途向けに開発された現在のエポキシ系は、これら全ての要件にマッチするわけではない(特に、フレキシビリティ、靱性、及び硬度に関して)。
さらに、ビスフェノールベースのエポキシ樹脂を使用する従来のエポキシ系は常に、硬化後に、不快な黄色もしくはかすみがかった外観をもたらし、その程度は、光にさらされる時間と共に徐々に増大する。このような材料は、紫外線への曝露に対する抵抗性がなく不安定である。こうした着色もしくはかすみがかった外観は、美的外観が重要である特定の用途においては全く受け入れることができない。
本発明によれば、非芳香族エポキシ樹脂と硬化剤を含む液体エポキシ系を繊維布帛に含浸させ、次いでこの含浸布帛を硬化させることによって固体弾性複合材料が得られ、このとき繊維なしで硬化させたときのニートのエポキシ系は、15Mpa未満の引張弾性率を示し、10Mpa未満の引張弾性率を示すのが好ましく、5Mpa未満の引張弾性率を示すのがさらに好ましい。
容認しうる強度と低い弾性率を有する材料を、単純で低コストの方法にて製造することができ、したがって、エポキシベースの複合材料に対して新たな応用が広がる。
本発明のさらなる好ましい実施態様によれば、繊維布帛は、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、天然繊維、及び合成繊維(例えばアラミド繊維)を含む。このような繊維を使用することで、軟質硬化系(マトリックス)(0℃より低い温度でTgの始まりを示す)を使用するときでも、必要とされる機械的強度が得られる。
1)ファッション用品やデザイン用品(例えば、ネクタイ、衣料、靴、時計バンド、旅行かばん、家具)
2)海洋用品(例えばカーボンセイル)
3)スポーツ用品(例えば、サッカー選手用の脛骨防護具、オートバイライダー用の身体防護具)
4)バリスティック品(例えばボディガード用防護具)
本発明の複合材料は、コンクリートの重量を低減させ、そしてコンクリートの靱性と弾性を高めるように、構造物用コンクリート中に有利に導入することができる。
使用するエポキシ樹脂は、モノマーであっても、オリゴマーであっても、あるいはポリマーであってもよく、また、脂肪族であっても、複素環式であってもよい。
硬化剤
使用される硬化剤系は、少なくとも2の平均アミン官能価を有するアミン化合物を含む。
種々のエポキシ樹脂と硬化剤を25℃にて特定の比率(重量部=pbw)で混合して、硬化性「エポキシ系」を得た。系の粘度は、25℃および60℃にて測定した。その後、エポキシ系を25℃で一日硬化させてから、40℃で16時間後硬化させた。次いで、得られた硬化エポキシ系のガラス転移温度(Tg)、黄色度指数、光沢、ショアーA、ショアーD、および引張特性を測定し、下記の分析装置と試験条件を使用して物理的に特徴付けした。
このような特性により、エポキシ系1と2と3は、本発明にしたがって高度にフレキシブルな複合材料を製造するのに極めて適したものとなる。
未硬化の液体エポキシ系4と5と6の粘度は、25℃にて常に500mPa・sより高い。このような高粘度の場合には、繊維に浸透させる方法が困難である。硬化エポキシ系5と6は、室温より高いガラス転移温度を示す。室温では、このような系は剛性である。硬化エポキシ系5と6は、SAE J1960試験法に従ってWOM中にて200時間の曝露後に23より高い黄色度指数を示す。これらは、良好な透明性、光沢、または紫外線抵抗性を示さず、時間が経過するにつれてより黄色になっていく。硬化エポキシ系4と5と6のショアーD硬度は、常に60より高い。これらの材料の硬度は極めて高いので、ショアーA硬度を測定することができない。
複合材料の製造
繊維布帛に液体エポキシ系1(本発明)と6(比較用)を含浸させ、この含浸布帛を25℃で一日硬化させ、次いで40℃で16時間後硬化させることによって複合材料を製造した。これとは別に、含浸布帛は、オーブン中60℃にて2時間硬化させることもできる。
得られた複合材料のフレキシビリティを比較するために、出願者は、炭素繊維(Hexcel 43200)またはガラス繊維(Hexcel 2116)の含浸・硬化された布帛に対し、下記の手順に従って幾つかの測定を行った。
MPa表示での弾性率を算出するために、サンプルは、一定の力(サンプルの自重)の下で撓むビームであると仮定した。下記の式に従って弾性率(表4の第6欄)を算出した。
Claims (11)
- a)非芳香族エポキシ樹脂と硬化剤とを含む液体エポキシ系を繊維布帛に含浸させる工程と;
b)含浸させた布帛を硬化させる工程と;
を含む、弾性複合材料の製造方法であって、
該エポキシ系が、硬化すると15MPa未満の引張弾性率を示し、該弾性複合材料が15GPa未満の曲げ弾性率を示す、上記方法。 - エポキシ系が、0℃より低い温度にてガラス転移温度Tgの始まりを示す、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- エポキシ系が、25℃にて450mPa・sより低い粘度を示す、請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- エポキシ系が、SAE J 1960試験条件に従って、ウェザロメーターWOM Xenon Ci5000中にて200時間の曝露後に、20未満の黄色度指数を示す、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 非芳香族エポキシ樹脂が、1分子当たり少なくとも2つのエポキシ基を有する脂肪族エポキシ樹脂、または少なくとも1.5の平均エポキシド官能価を有する少なくとも2種の脂肪族エポキシ樹脂の混合物である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 非芳香族エポキシ樹脂がジグリシジルエーテルである、請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 繊維布帛が、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維、または天然繊維を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の製造方法によって得ることができるか、または得られる複合材料。
- 複合材料の全体積を基準として30%〜70%の体積分率の繊維を含む、請求項8に記載の複合材料。
- 請求項8または9に記載の複合材料で造られる自動車もしくはレーシングカーの部品。
- 請求項8または9に記載の複合材料を含むコンクリート。
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PCT/EP2010/057529 WO2011000646A1 (en) | 2009-06-29 | 2010-05-31 | Method to produce a composite material |
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CN (1) | CN102471519B (ja) |
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JP2018020553A (ja) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-02-08 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハーEvonik Degussa GmbH | オートクレーブ養生気泡コンクリート(aac)製の強化された建築ブロック |
WO2021172489A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-02 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | ホース、ホースの製造方法、および、油圧式ポンプ |
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RU2461588C1 (ru) * | 2011-04-01 | 2012-09-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственная фирма "УралСпецАрматура" | Композитное армирующее изделие |
WO2013100212A1 (ko) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-04 | 코오롱인더스트리(주) | 아라미드 복합체의 제조방법 |
RU2509653C1 (ru) * | 2012-08-27 | 2014-03-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственная фирма "УралСпецАрматура" | Арматура композитная |
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EP3091135A1 (de) * | 2015-05-04 | 2016-11-09 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Bewehrungsstab, verfahren zur herstellung und verwendung |
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RU2699249C2 (ru) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-09-04 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АЛИТ-ТМ" | Способ изготовления армированных изделий из автоклавного газобетона и изделие |
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JP2018020553A (ja) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-02-08 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハーEvonik Degussa GmbH | オートクレーブ養生気泡コンクリート(aac)製の強化された建築ブロック |
JP7014532B2 (ja) | 2016-06-23 | 2022-02-01 | エボニック オペレーションズ ゲーエムベーハー | オートクレーブ養生気泡コンクリート(aac)製の強化された建築ブロック |
WO2021172489A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-02 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | ホース、ホースの製造方法、および、油圧式ポンプ |
JP2021134849A (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-13 | 国立大学法人岐阜大学 | ホース、ホースの製造方法、および、油圧式ポンプ |
CN115151749A (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2022-10-04 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 软管、软管的制造方法和液压式泵 |
CN115151749B (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2024-04-19 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 软管、软管的制造方法和液压式泵 |
JP7487865B2 (ja) | 2020-02-27 | 2024-05-21 | 国立大学法人東海国立大学機構 | ホース、ホースの製造方法、および、油圧式ポンプ |
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AU2010268300A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
US20120149266A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
WO2011000646A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
EP2465894A1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
US20120122360A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
CN102471519B (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
EP2449013A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
US9034776B2 (en) | 2015-05-19 |
KR20120047854A (ko) | 2012-05-14 |
JP5528549B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
TWI527952B (zh) | 2016-04-01 |
CN102471519A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
TW201105835A (en) | 2011-02-16 |
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