JP2012504464A - 脊椎骨のワイヤ誘導型椎弓根ネジ安定化のためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
脊椎骨のワイヤ誘導型椎弓根ネジ安定化のためのシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012504464A JP2012504464A JP2011530168A JP2011530168A JP2012504464A JP 2012504464 A JP2012504464 A JP 2012504464A JP 2011530168 A JP2011530168 A JP 2011530168A JP 2011530168 A JP2011530168 A JP 2011530168A JP 2012504464 A JP2012504464 A JP 2012504464A
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Abstract
Description
関連技術の説明
Claims (53)
- ロッドまたは可撓性接合具をネジ頭部内へ誘導するための装置であって、
(i)前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具と前記ネジ頭部との大幅な不整合を受理し、
(ii)前記ネジ頭部および前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を整合するように誘導し、
(iii)前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を係止機構によって前記ネジ頭部へ係止するように構成される、装置。
- 少なくとも2つの腰椎を共に融合または安定させるために特に適合され、
少なくとも2組のネジであって、各ネジが、台座を備える頭部および下向きに方向付けられる軸を有する、少なくとも2つのネジと、
少なくとも1本のロッドまたは可撓性接合具と、
前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を各ネジ頭部へ係止するための少なくとも2つの係止アセンブリと、
各ネジに対する、少なくとも1つの上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸と、を備え、
前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸は、前記ネジが椎骨に挿入される時に、前記ネジ頭部または下向きに方向付けられるネジ軸に接続され、前記ネジが挿入され、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が前記ネジ頭部内の低位置に係止された後を含めて、前記ネジ頭部または下向きに方向付けられるネジ軸から切断可能でもあり、
前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具は、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が前記ネジ頭部の前記台座に挿入されるまで、前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸によって誘導されるように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 各係止アセンブリは、前記係止アセンブリが前記ネジ頭部に付設され、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を定位置に係止するように締め付けられるまで、前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸によって誘導されるように構成される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 各係止アセンブリは、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を捕捉するように操作され得るネジ頭部の一部である、請求項2に記載の装置。
- ネジ頭部の一部である各係止アセンブリは、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を捕捉するように、定位置に嵌め込む、請求項4に記載の装置。
- (i)前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸と(ii)前記ネジ頭部または下向きに方向付けられるネジ軸との間に位置付けられ、両方に付設される延長タブをさらに備え、
(i)前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸ならびに(ii)前記ネジ頭部または下向きに方向付けられるネジ軸が、前記延長タブを介して相互に接続されるようにし、
前記延長タブは、前記ネジ頭部または下向きに方向付けられるネジ軸から容易に脱離され、またこれによって、脱離されると前記ネジ頭部または下向きに方向付けられるネジ軸から前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸も切断するように適合される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記延長タブは、ネジ山を有する、請求項6に記載の装置。
- 前記延長タブは、ぱちんと外すことによって容易に脱離される、請求項6に記載の装置。
- 前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具および前記ネジを相互に対して操作するための1つ以上の器具と、
椎弓切除、椎間板切除、または椎体間固定術等において、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具および係止アセンブリの挿入の間、筋肉および組織を分離して保持するため、または脊椎の他の構造にアクセスするための、1つ以上の開創器と、をさらに備え、
前記器具は、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が、前記係止アセンブリによって前記ネジ頭部に確実に係止されるまで、前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸によって誘導され、
前記開創器もまた、前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸によって誘導され、任意選択的にこれらによって定位置に保持される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を前記ネジ頭部に挿入するための1つ以上の器具、
前記係止アセンブリを前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具の上方で前記ネジ頭部に挿入するための1つ以上の器具、
前記ネジ頭部の角度および配向を調整するための1つ以上の器具と
前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が前記ネジ頭部内にあることを確認するための1つ以上の器具、
前記ネジを前進、後退、または除去するために、前記ネジ頭部を捕獲するための1つ以上の器具、
前記ネジまたはネジ頭部を使用して前記椎骨を圧迫または牽引するための1つ以上の器具、
ネジまたはネジ頭部を使用し脱臼した椎骨および脊椎すべり症を減少させるための1つ以上の器具、
あるいは前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を前記ネジ頭部内に固定するための前記係止アセンブリを締め付けるかまたは係止するための1つ以上の器具と、をさらに備え、
いずれの上記の器具も、上記の機能のうちの2つ以上を実施することが可能であり、前記器具は、前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸によって誘導される、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 各ネジは、少なくとも2つの上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤを有する、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 各ネジは、前記ネジ頭部に付設される、複数(2つ以上)の上向きに方向付けられる短いワイヤを有し、各短いワイヤは、次いで、1つ以上の上向きに方向付けられる長いワイヤに接続される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記複数の短いワイヤは、前記ネジ頭部上の内縁に接続され、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が位置するための空間をその中に残す、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 各ネジ頭部の断面は、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が位置する、チャンネルを形成する凸形状を有する、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 各ネジ頭部は、上縁を有し、上記ネジ頭部の上縁に付設または上記ネジ頭部の上縁から形成される、フランジアームをさらに備え、前記フランジアームは、挿入されてくるロッドまたは可撓性接合具を広範な角度で受容するように構成される、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 各ネジ頭部は、そこに付設される上向きに方向付けられる軸を有し、前記上向きに方向付けられる軸は、他の要素が回転することなく前記ネジに近づいて移動され得るように、別の要素上の補完的非円形状に係合するように構成される非円形状を有する、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記他の要素は、挿入道具、あるいはロッドまたは可撓性接合具である、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 各ネジ頭部の前記台座は、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合が挿入される、前記ネジ頭部の中心にあり、前記台座の2つの退行する側の各々の上には、壁があり、各壁またはその延在部は、その中心部が最も高く、その縁が最も低く、これによって、不整合または回転されたロッドまたは可撓性接合具またはネジ頭部は、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が前記ネジ頭部の前記台座に挿入されるにつれて、集まり、徐々に相互に合わせることを可能にするように構成される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記壁またはその延長部は下向きにテーパされ、対称的な凸形状である、請求項18に記載の装置。
- 各ネジ頭部の前記台座は、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が挿入される、前記ネジ頭部の中心にあり、前記台座の2つの対向側の各々上、または前記台座上部の延長タブ上は、2つの壁またはフランジの間の距離は、台座からの距離が増加すると大きくなり、台座内で最小となるように、傾斜壁または壁に付設される傾斜フランジがあり、前記壁またはフランジはV形状を形成するように収束し、前記ネジ頭部は、これによって、不整合または回転されたロッドまたは可撓性接合具またはネジ頭部は、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が前記ネジ頭部の前記台座に挿入されるにつれて、集まり、徐々に相互に合わせることを可能にするように構成される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 1組以上の上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤを備え、各組の誘導ワイヤは、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具がネジ頭部へ下げられるにつれて、前記誘導ワイヤによって誘導されるように、前記上向きに方向付けられるネジ軸の頂部または前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が位置する場所より下方の前記ネジ頭部の基部で前記台座に付設される、1組の可撓性ストランドに接続され、前記可撓性ストランドは、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具の周囲を巻くように構成され、各ストランドは、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具の周囲に配置するだけの十分な長さ(前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具の円周の約半分)があるので、前記誘導ワイヤの終端は、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具の上方で共に接触し、カニューレ挿入される係止アセンブリおよび/または他のカニューレ挿入される道具内で共に配置かつ挿入され得る、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸は、可撓性があること、および引張または締付によって緊張可能であることの両方の非常に薄い材料で、前記ネジまたはネジ頭部に付設される、請求項2または21に記載の装置。
- 前記材料は、締め付けられる時にシートの形状で、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を前記ネジ頭部の台座内へ誘導する、請求項22に記載の装置。
- 前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸は、前記ネジ頭部を確実に保持する機械式クランプまたは機器を介して、前記ネジまたはネジ頭部へ付設され、前記クランプ/機器は、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が、前記ネジ頭部の定位置内へ誘導され、定位置に係止された後、前記ワイヤとともに除去される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸は、前記下向きに方向付けられるネジ軸は通過するが、ネジ頭部は通過できない、環またはループによって、前記ネジまたはネジ頭部に付設される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸は、次いで前記ネジまたはネジ頭部に付設される、1つまたは複数のワイヤ、糸、ストランド、または拡張タブに付設される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- ネジ、ロッド、または可撓性接合具を配置するために従来使用されるような短縮タワーと、最小侵襲システム内の係止アセンブリをさらに備え、
前記短縮タワーは、その基部で前記ネジまたはネジ頭部に付設され、その頂部で前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸に付設され、
前記短縮タワーは、その基部で、最小侵襲椎弓根ネジシステムのために従来使用される標準タワーのように機能するように構成され、一方で、ワイヤ部分だけによる単一の小切開を介して、複数のハイブリッドワイヤ/タワー構造物の挿入も許可し、その頂部で、そのレベルでのタワーの混雑を防止するように、皮膚レベルで前記切開を介して延在する、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記ネジ頭部から延在する前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸がそれを通過するにつれて、誘導レールとして機能するように、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具の1つ以上の側面に沿って1つ以上のループに配置される、各ロッドまたは可撓性接合具のための少なくとも1つの保持糸をさらに備え、
前記保持糸は、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具の終端面で、または前記終端面から短距離の前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具の側面に沿って、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具の前記終端が前記ネジ頭部を完全に通過することを保証するように、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具に付設される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記保持糸は、生分解性で、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が前記ネジ頭部内に配置され、その中に確実に締め付けられた後、経時的に自然に分解する、請求項28に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも1つの誘導ワイヤまたは誘導軸は、少なくとも1つの他の誘導ワイヤまたは誘導軸からそれを区別するようにコード化される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも1つの誘導ワイヤまたは誘導軸は、少なくとも1つの他の誘導ワイヤまたは誘導軸とそれをグループ化するようにコード化される、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸は、患者の身体の皮膚下への挿入の深度を示すように、その上にマーカを有し、これらの深度マーカは、ネジ頭部の輪郭の仮想イメージを反映するように使用され得るので、ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が体外で正確に予め曲げられ得て、この様式において、誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸は、次いで焦点から等距離で仮想の鏡像を作成する、凸レンズによって、単一の点へ焦点を合わせる光線に類似して作用し、前記焦点は、この場合、前記ワイヤが再接近する点である、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具要素は、椎骨を完全に融合することなく、いくらかの運動を許可する、動的な安定化を可能にするための可撓性接合具である、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具は、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)を含むポリマー素材から作製される、請求項33に記載の装置。
- 前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具は、第1の切開を介して挿入され、別の追加の切開を介して挿入されるネジに付設される上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/誘導軸の間に適合するように、皮膚を介してトンネル状に送られる、請求項2に記載の装置を使用する、方法。
- ネジまたはネジ頭部上の2つ以上の上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび誘導軸は、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が挿入される前記ネジが前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具から個別の切開部を介して挿入された等、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具が保持糸を有さない時等、ロッドまたは可撓性接合具のより容易な補穫を可能にするように、それらの間の隙間を広げるように、広げられる、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 請求項2に記載の装置を使用して少なくとも1つの椎骨を融合または動的に安定する方法であって、
(i)第1のネジを第1椎骨に挿入することであって、前記第1のネジは、1つ以上のワイヤの第1の群に付設される第1のネジ頭部を有し、
(ii)第2のネジを第2椎骨に挿入することであって、前記第2のネジは、第2のネジ頭部を有し、
(iii)ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を挿入することと、
(iv)前記第1群のワイヤに沿って、前記第1椎骨の前記第1のネジの前記第1のネジ頭部へ前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を誘導することと、
(v)前記第2の椎骨の前記第2のネジの前記第2のネジ頭部へ前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を誘導することと、
(vi)1つ以上のネジ頭部から1つ以上のワイヤを切断することと、を含む、方法。
- 前記第2のネジ頭部は、1つ以上のワイヤの第2の群に付設され、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具は、前記第2の群のワイヤを介して、前記第2のネジの前記第2のネジ頭部へ誘導される、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のネジは、従来のタワーを介して挿入され、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具もまた前記タワーを介して挿入され、前記タワーを介して前記第2のネジの前記第2のネジ頭部に対して下向きに誘導される、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を誘導するステップの後で、前記ワイヤを切断するステップの前に、
前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具から、前記ネジ頭部に対して下向きに、前記ワイヤに沿って前記係止アセンブリを誘導するか、あるいは前記係止アセンブリが前記ネジ頭部の一部である時には、前記係止アセンブリを器具で操作するステップと、
前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具の位置を固定するように、各ネジ頭部上に前記係止アセンブリを締め付けるステップと、をさらに含む、請求項37に記載の方法。
- (i)孔で開口部を経由して、椎間体腔から異常な椎間板を除去するステップと、
(ii)その中にスペーサを挿入するステップと、をさらに含む、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記ネジの周囲の面関節および骨を剥離するステップと、前記スペーサ、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具、および前記ネジの周囲に骨移植材料を挿入するステップと、のうちの1つ以上をさらに含む、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の装置を使用して、隣接の椎骨をネジ頭部に融合または安定するように特別に適合された、ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を誘導する方法であって、前記ネジ頭部に付設された1つ以上の誘導要素が、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を受容し、前記ネジ頭部内へ方向付けるように、広がる、ステップを含む、方法。
- 前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具は、前記ネジ頭部とは異なる切開部を介して挿入される、請求項43に記載の方法。
- T形状道具が、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を受容するための前記誘導要素を開くように挿入される、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記T形状道具は、挿入および除去の間に直線形状を形成するように、ヒンジを有し、T形状の側部は縦軸に平行で、前記誘導要素を開くように、挿入後で削除前にヒンジの周囲で垂直方向に旋回するように構成される、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記T形状道具は、これらの筐体が格納される時、縦方向の挿入軸に対して垂直方向に、外向きに放射状に延在する、2つの放射状延在アームを有する、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記ネジ頭部に付設される1つ以上の誘導要素と、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具の終端面に付設される糸と、をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の装置を使用して隣接する椎骨をネジ頭部に融合または安定するように適合されるロッドまたは可撓性接合具を誘導する方法であって、前記ネジ頭部に付設される前記誘導要素を介して、前記ロッドまたは可撓性接合具を引っ張るように前記糸を使用するステップを含む、方法。
- 2つ以上のネジの各々に関連する上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸は、理想的な直線または空間の円筒形として、
(i)異なるネジに関連する誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸の平行構成と、
(ii)異なるネジに関連する誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸が平行でも交差でもない、ねじれ構成と、
(iii)収束するが、交差ではない構成と、
(iv)近位終端部が皮膚の表面外部および0度と180度との間の角度で交差する、「V」構成で交差することと、
(v)1つのネジからの前記誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸の近位端が、前記誘導要素の終端以外の点で、0度から180度の間の角度で、別のネジから前記誘導ワイヤおよび/または有同軸に交差する場合に「T」構成で交差することと、
(vi)2つ以上のネジの誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸が、前記誘導要素の前記終端以外の点で、0度から180度の間の角度で交差する場合に「X」構成または十字交差構成で交差することと、
(vii) 前記皮膚外側の前記近位端が、前記ネジ頭部での前記遠位端より遠くに離れる場合の発散構成と、から成る群から選択される構成を形成するように、1つ以上の皮膚切開部位を介してそれぞれのネジ頭部から上向きに延在する、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 2つ以上のネジから上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または有同軸は、「X」構成を形成するように、それぞれのネジ頭部から上向きに延在し、前記「X」構成は、1つ以上の切開部位で皮膚の表面の上部で、表面で、または表面の下部で交差または十字に交わる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸を備える、請求項49に記載の装置。
- 各ネジのための前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸によって囲まれる管腔は、他のネジのための誘導要素に関連する1つ以上の管腔を通過かつ交差し、前記交差に加わる各管腔は、引き続き、前記ネジ頭部に対して下向きに干渉することなく、道具、ロッド、および固定アセンブリによって自由にアクセス可能である、請求項49に記載の装置。
- 2つ以上のネジ頭部のための前記上向きに方向付けられる誘導ワイヤおよび/または誘導軸は、一般的な切開部を通過するように構成され、前記一般的な切開部は、前記一般的な切開部を介して挿入される各ネジの2つのそれぞれ最大要素の最大幅の和よりも小さく、要素は、前記ネジ、ネジ頭部、ロッド、固定アセンブリ、および関連道具を含む、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記ネジ頭部は、多軸である、請求項1に記載の装置。
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