JP2012213351A - Apparatus for onshore cultivation of marine alga and onshore cultivation method for marine alga - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for onshore cultivation of marine algae, effective for minimizing power energy necessary for the culture of marine algae and capable of improving productivity of marine algae per unit area and reducing facility cost by improving the growth rate of marine algae and reducing the installation area, and to provide a method for onshore cultivation of marine algae.SOLUTION: Marine algae are efficiently produced at a low cost while saving energy consumption by using an onshore cultivation apparatus for marine algae provided with a culture water tank holding seawater for culture and having a curved wall face at least on the bottom part, and a cultivation seawater supplying apparatus for supplying fresh seawater to the culture water tank, and stirring the cultivation seawater by gyrating the seawater along the curved wall face of the culture water tank.

Description

  The present invention relates to a seaweed terrestrial aquaculture apparatus and a seaweed terrestrial aquaculture method, and more specifically, an apparatus for culturing seaweeds such as aonori on land using aquaculture seawater such as underground seawater and deep seawater. And methods.

Conventionally, the production and cultivation of seaweed such as laver has been carried out at sea. However, production and cultivation at sea are easily affected by weather, temperature, seawater temperature, nutrients in the seawater, and it has been difficult to maintain stable production and cultivation every year.
On the other hand, in aquaculture, seaweeds can be cultivated in a controlled environment, and stable production is unlikely to be affected by the natural environment. On the other hand, land farming has a problem in terms of production cost because it requires large-scale equipment and a wide site.

  In order to solve such a problem, as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a non-implantable cultivation method capable of cultivating seaweed at high density has been proposed.

JP 2002-176866 A JP-A-7-203789

In the non-implanted cultivation method proposed in Patent Document 1, seaweeds are caused to flow by performing aeration in a water tank, and uniform light irradiation is performed.
Further, in the land cultivation method proposed in Patent Document 2, a square water tank (vertical 6.2 m × width 4 m × depth 0.5 m) is used, and seawater is supplied from a horizontal ejection portion bent in the horizontal direction. ing.
However, in these methods, the productivity of seaweeds is not always satisfactory in practical use, and further improvement in productivity is necessary.

  In addition, seawater flow naturally occurs in marine aquaculture, whereas terrestrial aquaculture usually requires power for seawater supply and flow. Therefore, in terms of production cost, it is necessary to increase the growth rate of seaweeds by minimizing the kinetic energy and increase the growth rate of seaweeds.

  Therefore, in view of the above circumstances, the present invention minimizes the kinetic energy necessary for seaweed cultivation, improves seaweed productivity per unit area and reduces equipment costs by improving seaweed growth rate and reducing equipment area. It is an object of the present invention to provide a seaweed terrestrial aquaculture apparatus used for non-implanted cultivation of seaweeds and a method for culturing seaweeds on land that can be reduced.

As a result of examining the problems of the prior art, the present inventors firstly, in the prior art, as the aquaculture tank becomes deeper, the seaweed in the lower part where the light is difficult to reach and the seaweed in the upper part where the light is strongly irradiated We found that the circulation to replace the position of did not proceed sufficiently. In addition, in the prior art, it has been found that oxygen bubbles are attached to the surface of seaweeds and carbon dioxide and the like necessary for photosynthesis are not sufficiently supplied to seaweeds.
Therefore, as a result of investigations based on the above knowledge, the present inventors have supplied aquaculture seawater by supplying aquaculture seawater necessary for the growth of seaweed using aquaculture tanks having a predetermined shape. As a result, it was found that the growth efficiency of seaweeds can be increased while suppressing the necessary power energy, and the present invention has been completed. .

  That is, the seaweed onshore culture device according to the present invention includes a culture water tank for storing seawater for aquaculture for aquaculture of seaweeds, and a seawater supply device for aquaculture for supplying new culture seawater into the culture water tank. The aquaculture tank has a curved wall surface at least at the bottom and has a U-shaped or semicircular cross-sectional shape, and the aquaculture seawater supply device is used for aquaculture stored in the aquaculture tank The fresh seawater for aquaculture is flowed down from above in a jet, and the seawater for aquaculture in the aquaculture tank is swirled along the curved wall surface to be stirred.

  The aquaculture tank is provided with two side walls and a bottom wall located between the two side walls and at least a part of the curved wall surface. It is preferable that a water injection pipe is provided for causing the sea water to flow down in a substantially vertical direction from above, and that the tip of the water injection pipe is disposed below the surface of the sea water for cultivation stored in the aquaculture tank.

  The water injection pipe is disposed in the vicinity of the upper end of one or both of the two side walls of the aquaculture tank, and the new aquaculture seawater is added to the side walls of the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank. It is preferable to make it flow down in a jet form along.

  Moreover, it is preferable that a water injection pipe is arrange | positioned in the approximate center position of these two side wall parts, and makes this new culture seawater flow down to the approximate center position of this culture seawater in this culture water tank in a jet form.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the front-end | tip of a water injection pipe is arrange | positioned in the depth position within 1/2 of the depth from the water surface position of this aquaculture seawater in this aquaculture tank to the lowest part of this aquaculture tank.

  The seaweed onshore culture device according to the present invention preferably further comprises a gas supply device for supplying bubbles for promoting agitation of the aquaculture seawater into the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank.

  The aquaculture tank is provided with an overflow opening for overflowing the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank at a predetermined position above the aquaculture tank, and regulates the water surface position of the aquaculture seawater stored in the aquaculture tank Is preferred.

  The seaweed onshore culture device according to the present invention preferably further includes a culture seawater circulation device for circulating the culture seawater overflowed from the overflow opening to the culture tank.

  Further, the aquaculture seawater circulation device accumulates the aquaculture seawater overflowed from the overflow opening, and mixes the accumulated aquaculture seawater with the supplied aquaculture seawater for the new aquaculture It is preferable to provide a seawater circulation tank for aquaculture as seawater, and to return the new culture seawater in the seawater circulation tank for aquaculture to the aquaculture tank.

  The seaweed onshore culture device according to the present invention preferably further includes a recovery port for recovering the seaweed in the aquaculture tank at a predetermined position of the aquaculture tank.

  The seaweed onshore culture method according to the present invention includes a seaweed in aquaculture water stored in an aquaculture tank having a curved wall surface at the bottom and a U-shaped or semicircular cross-sectional shape. A method for culturing seaweeds on land, and storing the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank in advance, and a new aquaculture from above with respect to the aquaculture seawater stored in the aquaculture tank The seawater for irrigation is allowed to flow down in the form of a jet, and the seawater for culturing in the aquaculture tank is swirled along the curved wall surface and stirred.

  Moreover, in the land culture method of the seaweed of this invention, it is preferable that the flow velocity for turning the seawater for aquaculture in this aquaculture tank is 1-10 cm / s.

  Moreover, in the seaweed land culture method of the present invention, the flow of the new aquaculture seawater is below the surface of the aquaculture seawater near the upper end of one or both of the two side walls of the aquaculture tank. It is preferable that the fresh seawater for aquaculture is supplied directly and allowed to flow down in the form of a jet.

  Further, in the seaweed land culture method of the present invention, the flow of the new aquaculture seawater is under the surface of the aquaculture seawater at a substantially central position near the upper ends of the two side walls of the aquaculture tank, The fresh aquaculture seawater is preferably supplied directly and allowed to flow down to a substantially central position of the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank.

  Moreover, in the seaweed terrestrial culture method of the present invention, it is preferable to supply bubbles for promoting the agitation of the aquaculture seawater into the aquaculture seawater swirling in the aquaculture tank.

  Moreover, in the land culture method for seaweed of the present invention, the ratio of the supply amount (l / min) of the new seawater for aquaculture and the supply amount (l / min) of the bubbles (bubble supply amount / aquaculture use) The seawater supply amount) is preferably 1-5.

  According to the present invention, the inflow energy of the aquaculture seawater necessary for aquaculture is efficiently converted into the agitation energy in the aquaculture tank by swirling and agitating the aquaculture seawater along the curved wall surface of the aquaculture tank. It is possible to produce seaweed efficiently with energy saving while being low cost. In other words, in the present invention, by efficiently stirring the seawater for aquaculture in the aquaculture tank, seaweeds can move up and down in the aquaculture tank and efficiently absorb light, The oxygen attached to the surface of the seaweed is washed away by stirring, and as a result, efficient photosynthesis of the seaweed can be performed. Furthermore, in the present invention, the depth of the aquaculture tank can be increased, and the yield of seaweed per apparatus installation area can be increased.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic block diagram of the seaweed onshore culture apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of an aquaculture tank showing the flow of aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank. It is a cross-sectional view of an aquaculture tank showing the flow of aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank. It is a schematic block diagram of the seaweed onshore culture apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, the seaweed onshore culture device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<Seaweed onshore aquaculture device (first embodiment)>
First, a first embodiment of the seaweed onshore culture device of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a seaweed terrestrial aquaculture apparatus 10 according to the present invention.
The seaweed onshore aquaculture apparatus 10 is used for non-implanted cultivation of seaweed, and includes an aquaculture tank 12, an aquaculture seawater supply apparatus 14, a gas supply apparatus 16, and an overflow water receptacle 20. And a collection tube 22 and a collection basket 24. The aquaculture tank 12 includes an overflow opening 18.

The type of seaweed cultivated by the land culture device 10 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include laver (especially, Susioonori or Hosoedaonori are preferred).
In addition, spore agglomerates in which a plurality of spores of seaweeds are connected, or a spore agglomerate entangled with spore germinated by these spores, or cultivate these agglomerate agglomerates in another small aquarium for several days, After growing it to an appropriate size, it may be supplied to the land culture device 10. The spore agglomerates and germinated agglomerates are preferably used after being pulverized into small agglomerates having a diameter of 5 mm or less. The spore agglomerates and germinated agglomerates are produced, for example, by the method described in Patent Document 1.

  In addition, the aquaculture seawater W used in the onshore aquaculture device 10 is not particularly limited as long as it is seawater that can be used for aquaculture, but, for example, underground seawater, deep seawater, and the like are used. The In addition, although general seawater can also be used, there are many cases where many impurities are contained, and there exists a possibility that the growth of seaweed may be inhibited. For this reason, when using general seawater, it is preferable to filter and use the contained impurities.

The aquaculture tank 12 is a tank in which the aquaculture seawater W is stored and for aquaculture of seaweeds.
The aquaculture tank 12 has a curved wall surface at least at the bottom, and its cross-sectional shape is U-shaped. More specifically, the aquaculture tank 12 has two flat side wall portions 36 arranged in parallel and opposed to each other, and a bottom having a semicircular cross section located between the two side wall portions 36 and forming a curved wall surface. The wall portion 38 and two end wall portions 40 disposed at both ends of the two side wall portions 36 are configured. The flat side wall portion 36 extends in parallel to the central axis direction from the semi-cylindrical bottom wall portion 38. Moreover, the cross-sectional shape in the direction perpendicular | vertical to the central axis of the semi-cylindrical bottom wall part 38 of this aquaculture tank 12 is meant, and the cross-sectional shape in yz plane in FIG.

The cross-sectional shape is preferably U-shaped for the following reason. First, if the cross-sectional shape is U-shaped and the aquaculture tank height is increased to increase the volume, the seawater for aquaculture per unit area will increase and the amount of seaweed can also be increased. As a result, the productivity of seaweed per unit area can be improved. In addition, a reduction in equipment installation area leads to a reduction in equipment costs.
In addition, the shape of the aquaculture tank 12 is not limited to the shape of FIG. 1, and the cross-sectional shape thereof may be a semicircular shape. In this case, the upper side of the curved wall surface is referred to as a side wall portion, and the bottom portion of the curved wall surface is referred to as a bottom wall portion.

The size of the aquaculture tank 12 is not particularly limited, and an optimal size is appropriately selected according to the transparency of the seawater W for aquaculture used, the density of seaweeds, the culture period, and the like. For example, when cultivating laver, the length between the end wall portions 40 is about 2 to 5 m (preferably about 2 to 4 m) from the viewpoint of ease of photosynthesis and ease of handling. The length between the upper ends of the part 36 is about 10 to 30 m. Moreover, the water depth (corresponding to the depth H in FIG. 1) from the water surface position of the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 to the bottom of the aquaculture tank 12 is usually about 1 to 2.5 m.
Moreover, the capacity | capacitance of the aquaculture tank 12 is about 10-200 t normally (preferably about 20-200 t).

In addition, the reach | attainment degree to the depth direction of the light for the photosynthesis in the seawater for aquaculture is normally about 1 m of water depth, and light cannot reach the water depth after that efficiently. In particular, when seaweeds are densely packed, the seaweeds at shallow depths block light, making it difficult for the seaweeds at deep water depths to reach. That is, it is difficult for light to reach seaweeds at a depth of more than 1 m, and photosynthesis does not proceed easily.
On the other hand, in the present invention, even when the depth of the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 is increased as described above, the algae can be moved to a range where light can reach by agitation by turning the aquaculture seawater. It is possible to irradiate the seaweed with light evenly. As a result, while reducing the installation area of the aquaculture tank 12, the water depth of the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 can be increased, and the yield of seaweed can be increased.

  The radius of curvature of the curved wall portion of the aquaculture tank 12 is appropriately selected according to the type of seaweed to be cultivated, the size of the aquaculture tank 12, etc., but the effective flow velocity reach distance of the jet from the water injection pipe 28 to be described later From the viewpoint of the depth of the aquaculture water tank 12, about 1 to 2.5 m is preferable, and about 1 to 2 m is more preferable.

The aquaculture seawater water supply device 14 is a device for supplying new aquaculture seawater W into the aquaculture tank 12, and includes a water supply pipe 26 and a water injection pipe 28. The water supply pipe 26 connects an aquaculture seawater supply source (not shown) and a water injection pipe 28, and the aquaculture seawater W supplied from the aquaculture seawater supply source is sent to the water supply pipe 28 through the water supply pipe 26, The water pipe 28 is ejected from the tip of the water pipe 28 to the aquaculture seawater W stored in the aquaculture tank 12. The aquaculture seawater W is usually fed through the water supply pipe 26 by a water supply pump (not shown).
The aquaculture seawater supply device 14 has a function of supplying the aquaculture seawater W and a function of stirring the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12. The agitation in the present invention means that the aquaculture seawater W is swirled as a whole in the aquaculture tank 12.

The water injection pipe 28 is a pipe that causes the new aquaculture seawater W to flow downward in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12.
In FIG. 1, the tip of the water injection pipe 28 is disposed below the surface of the aquaculture seawater W stored in the aquaculture tank 12.
In addition, although the front-end | tip part of the water injection pipe | tube 28 may be arrange | positioned on the water surface of the aquaculture seawater W stored in the aquaculture tank 12, if a new aquaculture seawater W is ejected from the water surface, it will collide on a water surface. This is somewhat disadvantageous because energy loss occurs due to vibrations and rebounds caused by.

  As a preferable arrangement height of the tip of the water injection pipe 28, the depth from the water surface position of the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 to the bottom of the culture water tank 12 (the depth in FIG. And a depth range within 1/2 of H). When the position of the tip of the water injection pipe 28 is in a range exceeding 1/2 of the depth H, the stirring speed is slightly reduced. This is because if the position of the tip is too deep, the flow by the injection flow also expands in the width direction of the periphery and accelerates along the curved wall surface of the aquaculture tank 12, so the acceleration distance is shortened, so stirring energy is reduced. It is presumed that it cannot be used effectively and the stirring speed decreases.

In FIG. 1, the arrangement position of the water injection pipe 28 is arranged in the vicinity of the upper end portion of the one side wall portion 36 of the aquaculture water tank 12, but the arrangement position is not particularly limited.
For example, the two side wall portions 36 may be disposed in the vicinity of both upper end portions, or may be disposed at substantially the center position of the two side wall portions 36. In addition, in the case of the approximate center position of the two side wall portions 36, the water injection pipe 28 is preferably disposed in the vicinity of the upper end portion of the side wall portion 36 because the light to the aquaculture tank 12 may be blocked.

Although three injection pipes 28 are used in FIG. 1, the number of water injection pipes 28 is not particularly limited, and four or more water injection pipes 28 may be arranged. In addition, it is preferable to arrange | position the injection | pouring pipe | tube 28 at intervals of about 0.5-1m at the point which makes the stirring flow rate of the seawater W for culture in the culture water tank 12 more uniform.
The discharge flow rate of the new aquaculture seawater W from the injection pipe 28 is about 0.2 to 1.5 m / s in that the flow rate of the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 is controlled to a flow rate suitable for seaweed growth. Is preferred.
The size of the opening at the tip of the injection tube 28 is preferably about 10 to 20 mm in diameter and more preferably about 12 to 15 mm in terms of the discharge flow rate of new aquaculture seawater W from the injection tube 28.
The amount of water injected per unit time (l / min) per injection tube 28 is preferably 2 to 20 in terms of the discharge flow rate of fresh aquaculture seawater W from the injection tube 28.
The amount of new aquaculture seawater W supplied from the injection pipe 28 varies depending on the type of seaweed to be cultivated and the nutrients of the seawater, but usually 2 to 5 times the daily capacity of the aquaculture tank 12 (2 to 2 times per day) 5 rotations / day).

The gas supply device 16 is a device that supplies bubbles that promote stirring of the aquaculture seawater W into the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12. The gas supply device 16 includes an air pump 30, an air pipe 32, and a gas blowing pipe 34. In the device 16, the gas sent from the air pump 30 through the air pipe 32 to the gas blowing pipe 34 is discharged from the discharge hole of the gas blowing pipe 34 as bubbles.
In the case where the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 is agitated only by ejecting new aquaculture seawater W from the water injection pipe 28 described above, in order to obtain an agitation rate effective for the growth of the seaweed, This requires an amount of water that is several times the amount of water corresponding to the nutrients required for this, and is not necessarily efficient in terms of energy. Therefore, by supplying a gas from the gas supply device 16 into the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12, the supply amount of the new aquaculture seawater W is reduced to a minimum amount necessary for the growth of seaweeds. The stirring speed of the seawater W can be increased, which is preferable.

As the gas supplied from the gas supply device 16, air is usually used. For the purpose of further promoting the photosynthesis of seaweeds, it is preferable to use a mixture of air and CO ₂ .

The shape of the gas blowing pipe 34 is not particularly limited as long as it is a pipe having a discharge hole (not shown) through which bubbles can be supplied. Note that a plurality (two or more) of discharge holes may be provided on the gas blowing pipe 34. In order to obtain a uniform stirring effect of the seawater W for aquaculture, it is preferable to provide a large number of pores (diameter 1 to 2 mm) on the gas blowing pipe 34.
Any bubbling part that can supply bubbles other than the gas blowing pipe 34 can be used in the present invention. For example, instead of the gas blowing pipe 34, a porous substance such as air stone may be used.

The gas pressure supplied from the gas blowing pipe 34 needs to be equal to or higher than the water pressure of the aquaculture tank 12, and when the water depth of the aquaculture seawater W is 1 to 2.5 m, it should be 0.1 to 0.25 atm or more. preferable.
The bubble supply amount (l / min) supplied from the gas blowing pipe 34 and the supply amount (l / min) of the aquaculture seawater W supplied from the water injection pipe 28 are the points of stirring effect and energy consumption. Therefore, it is preferable that the ratio (the supply amount of air bubbles / the supply amount of seawater W for aquaculture) is 1 to 5.

The overflow opening 18 is an opening that is disposed at a predetermined position above the aquaculture tank 12 and overflows the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12. By providing the opening 18 in the aquaculture tank 12, the water surface position of the aquaculture seawater W stored in the aquaculture tank 12 can be defined at a predetermined position, which is preferable.
In FIG. 1, the overflow opening 18 is provided on the two side wall portions 36, but the arrangement position is not particularly limited, and may be on the end wall surface 40.

In FIG. 1, the shape of the overflow opening 18 is rectangular, but the shape is not particularly limited. In addition, since the lower end of the overflow opening 18 determines the water level of the culture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12, the lower shape of the opening 18 is preferably linear.
In FIG. 1, six overflow openings 18 are provided in total on the one side wall 36, but the number is not particularly limited, and may be seven or more. Further, each of the side wall portions 36 may be provided with a different number of overflow openings 18. It is preferable to determine the number and position of the overflow openings 18 so as not to disturb the flow of the aquaculture tank W in the aquaculture tank 12. For example, it is preferable to disperse and arrange many openings 18 without concentrating them.
The size of the overflow opening 18 is not particularly limited, but is preferably larger so as not to disturb the jet state of the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12. More specifically, it is preferable to provide a plurality of rectangular overflow openings having a width of about several hundred mm from the viewpoint of securing the strength of the aquaculture tank 12.

The overflow water receiving rod 20 is a rod that collects the aquaculture seawater W that has overflowed from the overflow opening 18. By providing the overflow water receiving tank 20, it is preferable that the aquaculture seawater collected by the water receiving tank 20 can be sent to the aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46 described later and reused.
In FIG. 1, the overflow water receiving tub 20 is provided over the entire width on the side wall 36 below the overflow opening 18, and a drain pipe 42 for discharging the seawater for aquaculture in the water receiving tub 20 is connected to the bottom thereof. ing. The aquaculture seawater W that has overflowed may be supplied through a drainage pipe 42 into an aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46 described later.
Normally, most of the nutrients of the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 are absorbed depending on the nutrient components and seaweeds, and therefore overflow from the overflow opening 18 without providing the overflow water catch 20. The aquaculture seawater W may be drained as it is.

The collection pipe 22 is a pipe that is disposed at a predetermined position of the aquaculture tank 12 and collects seaweed in the aquaculture tank 12. The collection pipe 22 constitutes a collection port of the present invention.
Seaweeds can be collected and harvested using a net or the like, but it is not efficient. Further, in order to remove different kinds of seaweeds adhering to the wall surface of the aquaculture tank 12, it is necessary to periodically empty the aquaculture tank 12 and perform cleaning. Therefore, the use of the recovery pipe 22 is preferable because the seaweed can be efficiently recovered while discharging the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12.

In FIG. 1, the recovery pipe 22 is disposed in the vicinity of the bottom of the end wall portion 40, but is preferably provided in the vicinity of the bottom of the aquaculture tank 12 in order to extract all of the seawater for aquaculture W and seaweed. .
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the recovery pipe 22 has an on-off valve.

  The collection basket 24 is a basket that is disposed near the tip of the collection tube 22 and collects seaweed that comes out of the aquaculture water tank 12 through the collection tube 22. Use of the collection basket 24 is preferable because the seaweed that comes out of the collection tube 22 can be collected efficiently. As shown in FIG. 1, the recovery basket 24 is preferably in a mesh shape because seaweeds in the aquaculture seawater W can be efficiently separated and recovered.

Next, the aquaculture method using the land culture apparatus 10 will be described in detail.
First, the aquaculture seawater W including seaweeds (for example, laver) is stored in the aquaculture tank 12. As shown in FIG. 1, when the overflow opening 18 is provided, the aquaculture seawater W is stored in advance up to the height at which the opening 18 is provided.

  Next, with respect to the aquaculture seawater W stored in the aquaculture tank 12, the aquaculture seawater W is caused to flow downward from above using the aquaculture seawater supply device 14, so that the aquaculture seawater W The aquaculture seawater W is swirled along the curved wall surface of the aquaculture tank 12 and stirred. By turning the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 along the curved wall portion, the flow resistance is reduced, and the supply energy of the aquaculture seawater W can be efficiently converted into a stirring force, with less energy. The aquaculture tank 12 can be efficiently stirred. As a result, the seaweed can be efficiently moved up and down in the aquaculture tank 12, and the contained seaweed can be uniformly irradiated with light, thereby improving the productivity of seaweed.

  More specifically, FIG. 2 (A) shows a jet state of the seawater W for aquaculture in the aquaculture tank 12 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2 (A), fresh aquaculture seawater W is jetted along the side wall 36 in a substantially vertical direction from the tip of the water injection pipe 28 disposed in the vicinity of the upper end of one side wall 36. As shown by the arrows, the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 turns along the curved wall surface of the aquaculture tank 12. As a result, one agitation vortex is generated in the aquaculture tank 12, and the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 is efficiently agitated.

As another example, FIG. 2B shows a jet state of the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture water tank 12 when the water injection pipe 28 is provided in the vicinity of the upper end portions of both side wall portions 36.
As shown in FIG. 2 (B), as a new aquaculture seawater W flows down from the tip of each water injection pipe 28 in the form of a jet along the side wall 36 in a substantially vertical direction, as shown by the arrows. The aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 swirls along the curved wall surface of the aquaculture tank 12. As a result, two stirring vortices are generated in the aquaculture tank 12.

Furthermore, as another example, FIG. 2 (C) shows a jet state of the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 when the water injection pipe 28 is provided at a substantially central position between the side wall portions 36.
As shown in FIG. 2 (C), a new aquaculture seawater W is caused to flow from the tip of the water injection pipe 28 into a substantially central position of the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 in the form of a jet. Thus, two symmetrical stirring vortices are generated in the aquaculture tank 12 by the reverse flow.

  In terms of stirring efficiency, it is preferable to generate a stirring vortex as shown in FIG. 2A or 2B, and it is particularly preferable to generate a stirring vortex as shown in FIG.

In addition, when the gas supply device 16 is used, the swirling flow (flow) of the aquaculture seawater W generated in the aquaculture tank 12 is increased because the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 can be more efficiently stirred. It is preferable to supply air bubbles in the vicinity of the position (position P) where the flow occurs. That is, it is preferable to install the gas blowing pipe 34 on the wall surface of the aquaculture tank 12 near the position P.
More specifically, when the stirring vortex shown in FIG. 2 (A) is generated, as shown in FIG. 3 (A), the aquaculture tank 12 divided by the vertical plane passing through the bottom of the aquaculture tank 12 It is preferable to install the gas blowing pipe 34 on the wall face of the aquaculture water tank 12 on the side where the water injection pipe 28 is not provided among the two wall faces.

Moreover, when the stirring vortex shown in FIG. 2 (B) is generated, it is preferable to install a gas blowing pipe 34 in the vicinity of the bottom of the aquaculture tank 12 as shown in FIG. 3 (B).
Furthermore, when the stirring vortex shown in FIG. 2 (C) is generated, as shown in FIG. 3 (C), the gas blowing pipe is placed on the wall surface of the aquaculture tank 12 at a position higher than the bottom of the aquaculture tank 12. 34 is preferably installed. In FIG. 3C, two gas blowing pipes 34 are arranged with a vertical plane passing through the bottom of the aquaculture tank 12 interposed therebetween.
In addition, it is preferable to produce a stirring vortex as shown in FIG. 3A from the viewpoint that the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 can be agitated with less energy and the growth of seaweeds is more excellent.

  From the viewpoint of the growth of seaweeds, the flow rate for turning the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 is preferably 1 to 10 cm / s, and more preferably 3 to 5 cm / s. If the flow rate is too slow, the agitation of the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture tank 12 will be slow, light will not be evenly irradiated to seaweeds, the growth rate of seaweed will be reduced, and if the flow rate is too fast, wasteful energy consumption will occur. May increase production costs and may cause excessive stress on seaweeds and hinder growth.

<Onshore aquaculture device for seaweed (second embodiment)>
Below, 2nd Embodiment of the seaweed land culture apparatus of this invention is described with reference to drawings.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of the seaweed onshore culture device 100 of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 4, the seaweed terrestrial aquaculture apparatus 100 includes an aquaculture tank 12, an aquaculture seawater supply apparatus 14, a gas supply apparatus 16, an overflow water receptacle 20, a recovery pipe 22, and a recovery basket 24. And an aquaculture seawater circulation device 44. The aquaculture tank 12 includes an overflow opening 18.
The seaweed onshore aquaculture device 100 shown in FIG. 4 has the same configuration as the seaweed onshore aquaculture device 10 shown in FIG. Constituent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof is omitted, and the aquaculture seawater circulation device 44 will be mainly described.
The aquaculture seawater circulation device 44 includes an aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46, a circulation pipe 48, a flow control valve 50, and a circulation pump 52.

  The aquaculture seawater circulation device 44 is a device that circulates the aquaculture seawater W overflowed from the overflow opening 18 to the aquaculture tank 12. By providing the aquaculture seawater circulation device 44, the amount of aquaculture seawater W used can be reduced, and seaweed can be cultivated at a lower cost.

The aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46 is a tank for accumulating the aquaculture seawater W that has overflowed from the overflow opening 18. As shown in FIG. 4, the aquaculture seawater W overflowed from the overflow opening 18 is returned to the aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46 through the discharge pipe 42 connected to the bottom of the overflow water receiving tank 20.
Normally, nutrients in the aquaculture seawater W are partially absorbed by seaweeds. Therefore, in order to compensate for the decrease in nutrients in the overflowing aquaculture seawater W, as shown in FIG. 1, a new supply of fresh seawater is supplied from the water supply pipe 26 to the aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46, and the aquaculture that has overflowed. The fresh seawater W and the fresh seawater W may be mixed to form a new aquaculture seawater W.

  The aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46 is provided with an overflow opening 54 for overflowing the aquaculture seawater W in the aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46 at a predetermined position in the upper part thereof. By providing the overflow opening 54, the water surface position of the aquaculture seawater W stored in the aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46 can be defined at a predetermined position, which is preferable.

The aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46 includes a drainage pipe 58 having an opening / closing valve 56 at the bottom thereof. By controlling the open / close state of the on / off valve 56, the amount of the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46 can be adjusted, which is preferable.
The drain pipe 58 is connected to the above-described overflow opening 54 as shown in FIG.

The circulation pipe 48 is a pipe for sending the aquaculture seawater W from the aquaculture seawater circulation tank 46 to the aquaculture tank 12. In FIG. 1, the circulation pipe 48 is connected to the water supply pipe 26, but it may be directly connected to the aquaculture tank 12.
The circulation pipe 48 includes a flow rate adjustment valve 50 in the middle thereof. The flow rate adjusting valve 50 is preferable because it can adjust the amount of the circulating seawater.
Furthermore, the circulation pipe 50 includes a circulation pump 52 in the middle thereof. The circulating seawater W is fed by the circulation pump 52.

  The present invention will be described in detail by the following examples and comparative examples.

The implementation conditions and results of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are summarized in Table 1.
In the present example, the onshore culture apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 was used.
Specifically, the aquaculture tank has a U-shaped cross section, a capacity of 15 t, a side wall height of 1 m, and a cylindrical bottom wall radius of curvature of 1.5 m. It was. Further, as shown in FIG. 3A, air bubbles were supplied from a gas supply device (indicated as pattern A ′ in Table 1). Moreover, the tip of the water injection pipe was disposed at a position with a water depth of 0.3 m.

On the other hand, the aquaculture tank of the land culture device used in the conventional example (1) has substantially the same opening area as the aquaculture tank used in the example, and the water depth of the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank is 1 m. A water bath was used. Moreover, in the prior art example (1), the aquaculture tank was stirred only by arranging the gas blowing tube at the bottom of the square tank and supplying air bubbles. In addition, in the conventional example (1), the water injection pipe was arrange | positioned at the edge part of the aquaculture tank, and the seawater for aquaculture was supplied.
The onshore aquaculture apparatus used in the conventional example (2) is different from the onshore aquaculture apparatus in the conventional example (1) in that the depth of the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank is 2.5 m.

  In the examples and the conventional examples (1) and (2), Sugioonori was used as the seaweed to be cultured. Specifically, seedlings and seedlings (spore clusters in which a plurality of spores were connected) were separately cultured in a small aquarium for 1 week, and then put into the aquaculture tank as a size suitable for cultivation in the aquaculture tank.

In Table 1 above, “seawater supply amount” represents the seawater supply amount per hour (L / min) in the upper row and the seawater supply amount per day (rotation / day, t / day) in the lower row. “Rotation / day” represents how many times the water tank capacity was supplied per day.
“Bubbling air volume” represents the amount of bubble supply per hour (L / min) on the left side and the type of gas supplied on the right side.

In Table 1 above, “seaweed yield (wet weight)” represents the total yield of seaweed harvested after the cultivation period. “Seaweed growth (wet weight)” represents the amount (kg) of seaweed grown during the cultivation period on the left side (corresponding to “seaweed harvest” minus “seaweed input”), right side The amount of seaweed grown per day (kg / day) obtained by dividing the amount of seaweed grown (kg) by the “culture period”.
“Production capacity (per unit area)” in Table 1 is the value obtained by dividing the growth amount of seaweeds per day (kg / day) by the aquaculture tank installation area (kg / m ² · day) ). The “installation area” in the example is 3 m wide × 2.34 m≈7 m ² , and the “installation area” in the conventional examples (1) and (2) is 1 m wide × 7 m long = 7 m ² .
"Production capacity conventional ratio" is the production capacity ratio between the embodiment and the conventional example (1) on the left side (production capacity of the embodiment (per unit area) / production capacity of the conventional example (1) (per unit area)), On the right side, the production capacity ratio between the embodiment and the conventional example (2) (the production capacity of the embodiment (per unit area) / the production capacity of the conventional example (2) (per unit area)) is shown.

In Table 1, “power consumption of seawater pump” and “power consumption of air pump” represent power consumption when the pump is used for one day. “Total (consumption power)” is a value obtained by adding “consumption power of seawater pump” and “consumption power of air pump”.
“Energy unit” in Table 1 is a numerical value (kwh / kg) obtained by dividing “total (power consumption)” by “amount of seaweed growth per day (kg / day)”. .
“Energy conventional ratio” is the energy unit ratio of the example and the conventional example (1) on the left side (energy unit of the example / energy unit of the conventional example (1)), and the example and the conventional example on the right side ( 2) and the energy intensity ratio (energy intensity in the embodiment / energy intensity in the conventional example (2)).

Referring to Table 1 of productivity results, with respect to production capacity per unit area, whereas in the embodiment is a ^{two-day 0.303kg / m, 0.145kg / m 2} · In the conventional example (1) In the conventional example (2), it was 0.156 kg / m ² · day. From the results, it was confirmed that seaweeds can be cultivated with higher productivity because the seaweeds in the aquaculture tank can be switched up and down smoothly when the land culture device of the present invention is used.

In addition, when the density of the seaweed in the aquaculture tank reaches a predetermined value, the growth of the seaweed becomes dull. Therefore, the capacity of the aquaculture tank is selected so that the density of the seaweed becomes a predetermined value when the seaweed is harvested.
For this reason, even if the Sujionori is doubled in the aquaculture tank of the conventional example (1), the density of the Sujionori becomes excessive, resulting in poor growth of the Sujionori, resulting in a decrease in production capacity per unit area.
Further, as can be seen from the comparison between the conventional examples (1) and (2), in the conventional example (2), the water level is 2.5 m and a deeper square water tank is used, and the density of the swallow is equal to that of the example. However, there was no significant improvement in production capacity due to insufficient agitation and circulation of the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank.

  Further, referring to the results of energy consumption shown in Table 1, the energy intensity is 4.33 kwh / kg in the embodiment, while 10.5 kwh / kg in the conventional example (1), the conventional example (2). Then, it was 24.2 kwh / kg. From the results, it was confirmed that seaweeds can be cultivated with more energy saving by using the land culture device of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10,100 Onshore aquaculture equipment 12 Aquaculture tank 14 Aquaculture seawater supply equipment 16 Gas supply equipment 18,54 Overflow opening 20 Overflow water receptacle 22 Collection pipe 24 Collection basket 26 Water supply pipe 28 Water injection pipe 30 Air pump 32 Air pipe 34 Gas Blow Pipe 36 Side Wall 38 Bottom Wall 40 End Wall 42, 58 Drain Piping 44 Aquaculture Sea Circulation Device 46 Aquaculture Sea Circulation Tank 48 Circulation Piping 50 Flow Control Valve 52 Circulation Pump 56 Open / Close Valve W Aquaculture Seawater

Claims (16)

An aquaculture tank that stores aquaculture seawater for aquaculture of seaweeds,
A seaweed onshore aquaculture device comprising an aquaculture seawater supply device for supplying new aquaculture seawater into the aquaculture tank,
The aquaculture tank has a curved wall surface at least at the bottom, and the cross-sectional shape is U-shaped or semicircular,
The aquaculture seawater supply device causes the aquaculture seawater stored in the aquaculture tank to flow down the new aquaculture seawater in a jet-like form from above, thereby reducing the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank. A seaweed terrestrial aquaculture apparatus, which is swirled along the curved wall surface and stirred. The aquaculture tank includes two side walls and a bottom wall located between the two side walls and forming at least a part of the curved wall surface,
The aquaculture seawater supply device includes a water injection pipe that causes the new aquaculture seawater to flow down in a substantially vertical direction from above.
2. The seaweed onshore culture device according to claim 1, wherein a tip portion of the water injection pipe is disposed below a surface of the aquaculture seawater stored in the aquaculture tank.   The water injection pipe is disposed in the vicinity of the upper end of one or both of the two side walls of the aquaculture tank, and the new aquaculture seawater along the side wall with respect to the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank The seaweed terrestrial aquaculture apparatus according to claim 2, which is caused to flow down in a jet form.   The said water injection pipe is arrange | positioned in the approximate center position of the said 2 side wall part, and the said new aquaculture seawater is made to flow down to the approximate center position of the said aquaculture seawater in the said aquaculture tank in a jet form. Seaweed onshore aquaculture equipment.   The tip of the water injection pipe is arranged at a depth position within ½ of the depth from the water surface position of the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank to the bottom of the aquaculture tank. The aquaculture device for seaweed according to any one of the above.   Furthermore, the seaweed onshore culture apparatus of any one of Claims 1-5 provided with the gas supply apparatus which supplies the bubble which accelerates | stimulates stirring of the said seawater for culture in the said culture seawater in the said culture tank .   The aquaculture tank is provided with an overflow opening for overflowing the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank at a predetermined position at an upper portion thereof, and defines a water surface position of the aquaculture seawater stored in the aquaculture tank. Item 7. An onshore aquaculture device for seaweed according to any one of Items 1 to 6.   The seaweed onshore aquaculture apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising an aquaculture seawater circulation device that circulates the aquaculture seawater overflowed from the overflow opening to the aquaculture tank.   The aquaculture seawater circulation device accumulates the aquaculture seawater that has overflowed from the overflow opening, and mixes the aquaculture seawater stored with the supplied fresh seawater to supply the new aquaculture seawater. The aquaculture land culture apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a seawater circulation tank for aquaculture, wherein the new seawater for culture in the aquaculture seawater circulation tank is returned to the aquaculture tank.   Furthermore, the seaweed land culture apparatus in any one of Claims 1-9 provided with the collection | recovery port for collect | recovering the seaweed in the said culture tank in the predetermined position of the said culture tank. A seaweed onshore culture method for culturing seaweed in aquaculture seawater stored in an aquaculture tank having a curved wall surface at least at the bottom and having a U-shaped or semicircular cross-sectional shape,
In advance, the aquaculture seawater is stored in the aquaculture tank,
With respect to the aquaculture seawater stored in the aquaculture tank, a new aquaculture seawater is caused to flow down in a jet from above.
An aquaculture method for seaweed, wherein the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank is swirled along the curved wall surface and stirred.   The land culture method for seaweed according to claim 11, wherein a flow rate for swirling the aquaculture seawater in the aquaculture tank is 1 to 10 cm / s.   The new aquaculture seawater flows down by directly supplying the aquaculture seawater under the surface of the aquaculture seawater near the upper end of one or both of the two side walls of the aquaculture tank. The land culture method for seaweed according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the seaweed is caused to flow downward.   The new aquaculture seawater flows down by supplying the new aquaculture seawater directly below the surface of the aquaculture seawater at a substantially central position near the upper ends of the two side walls of the aquaculture tank. The land culture method for seaweed according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the seawater for aquaculture is caused to flow down to a substantially central position of the aquaculture seawater in a culture tank.   The seaweed onshore culture method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein bubbles for promoting agitation of the aquaculture seawater are supplied into the aquaculture seawater swirling in the aquaculture tank. The ratio of the supply amount (l / min) of the new aquaculture seawater to the supply amount (l / min) of the bubbles (bubble supply amount / aquaculture seawater supply amount) is 1 to 5. A method for aquaculture of seaweed as described in 1.

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