JP2012150019A - 再生軟骨の軟骨特性を評価する方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【解決手段】単離された軟骨細胞または単離および培養された軟骨細胞の培養上清に含まれるGFAP含有量を測定することにより再生軟骨の軟骨特性を評価する方法。
【選択図】図1
Description
従来、軟骨を再建する再生医療としては、軟骨細胞を注入する方法がとられていた。
上述した軟骨細胞、特に耳介軟骨細胞に特異的なマーカーは、GFAPである。
ここにおいて使用される軟骨細胞は、耳介軟骨細胞である。
軟骨細胞の由来は、何れかの哺乳動物であってよく、例えば、マウスおよびラットなどの齧歯類、ウサギ、イヌおよびネコなどの愛玩動物、ウマおよびウシなどの家畜など、サルおよびヒトなどの霊長類など、何れかの哺乳動物であってよく、好ましくはヒトである。
軟骨細胞の単離は、例えば、次のように行われてよい。まず、ドナーである動物から軟骨片を外科的に採取する。次に、無菌状況下で採取した軟骨片をさらに細片化し、必要に応じて所望の消化酵素、例えば、コラゲナーゼおよび/またはゼラチナーゼ、トリプシン、ペプシン、アグリカナーゼなどにより消化する。それにより、個々に遊離したそれぞれの細胞からなる細胞群および/または複数の細胞からなる微細組織片を形成する細胞群を単離細胞として得る。次に、これらの単離細胞について培養を行う。
GFAP量は、GFAP量を測定することが可能なそれ自身公知の何れかの方法を利用して測定してよい。例えば、ELISA法、PR−PCR法、およびウエスタンブロッティング法を使用してよい。
上述のように単離されたヒト耳介軟骨細胞を培養し、培養上清に含まれるGFAP含量を測定し、当該含量が前記培養上清1mLあたり0.05ng以上であることを確認したヒト耳介軟骨細胞を用いて、再生軟骨を形成することにより、再生軟骨を製造することが可能である。そのような方法も本願発明の1つの態様として提供される。
再生軟骨は、ある程度の大きさを持ち、インプラントとして使用できることが好ましい。
3次元培養は、3次元基材(ここにおいて、「足場素材」とも記す)の上または内部で軟骨細胞を培養することにより行われてよい。3次元培養は例えば、37℃、5%CO2インキュベータで2時間インキュベートすることにより行われてよい。
また、再生軟骨の形成にあたり、3次元基材の使用に加えて、ゲル化剤を用いてもよい。例えばゲル化剤と軟骨細胞を混合し、3次元基材に接触することにより、安定な3次元培養を行い、安定した再生軟骨を得ることが可能である。ゲル化剤の例は、例えばアテロコラーゲン、アルジネートなどである。
以下、本発明の例について説明する。
例1.再生軟骨製品の構成細胞が耳介軟骨細胞であることを判定するための指標の検討
再生軟骨製品の製造に用いる培養後1000倍増殖した耳介軟骨細胞で高発現する遺伝子を以下の方法により検索した。
由来の異なる6例の耳介軟骨細胞を、5%血清ならびにFGF−2およびインスリン含有DMEM/F12培養液で約1週間に1回継代し、単層培養法で第8継代(P8)まで長期連続継代培養した。基質産生量の豊富な培養後100倍増程度の耳介軟骨細胞(P2)と1億倍程度の細胞(P8)の時点で培養細胞からTotal RNAを採取し、GFAP遺伝子の発現量をReal Time PT−PCR法により測定した。
そこで、測定上のばらつきを抑制するため、タンパクレベルでの評価を検討した。
18例のヒト耳介軟骨細胞について、5%血清ならびにFGF−2およびインスリン含有DMEM/F12培養液で約1週間に1回継代し、長期にわたる培養を第3継代まで行った。培養した耳介軟骨細胞をトリプシン処理して回収し、1×107細胞/mLの濃度で1%アテロコラーゲンゲルに混和した。この細胞混和ゲルを20μlずつ試験管に分注し、骨形成タンパク質(BMP−2(Bone morphogenetic protein−2)、インスリン(insulin)、甲状腺ホルモン(T3(Triiodothryonine))を含むBMP−2/insulin/T3含有軟骨細胞基質産生誘導培地で高密度包埋培養を行った。3週間後、軟骨細胞が分泌したGAG量、およびCOL2量を比色法およびELISA法により測定した。またアテロコラーゲンに包埋したものと同じP3培養軟骨細胞を1×104細胞分取し、この細胞溶解液中のGFAP量をELISA法で測定した。18例の提供者の異なる耳介軟骨細胞で同試験を行い、培養細胞が分泌したGAG量、COL2量と細胞中GFAP量の相関をSSRI社製エクセル統計により計算した。結果を図3および図4に示す。
上記例3.におけるタンパク質測定は、細胞溶解液ではなく細胞培養上清をサンプルとして用いて行った。細胞上清をサンプルとして用いれば、再生軟骨製品の貴重な原材料となる細胞をひとつも損ねることがないため、再生軟骨の製造において非常に有利である。
第2継代(P2)の培養耳介軟骨細胞および培養線維芽細胞をそれぞれ3例、軟骨増殖培地で5%血清ならびにFGF−2およびインスリン含有DMEM/F12培養液で1週間培養を行った。この培養細胞から培養上清を1mL分取し、その後トリプシン処理により培養細胞を回収した。回収した細胞を1×108細胞/mLの濃度で1%アテロコラーゲンゲルに混和したものを多孔体型足場素材に投与し、37℃で2時間インキュベートしてゲル化させた。これをヌードマウス背部皮下に移植した。
再生軟骨は以下の手順で製造される。図9は、当該再生軟骨の製造工程を概略的に示す図である。
Claims (8)
- 単離された軟骨細胞または単離および培養された軟骨細胞の培養上清に含まれるGFAP含有量を測定することにより再生軟骨の軟骨特性を評価する方法。
- 前記軟骨細胞が耳介軟骨細胞であることを特徴とする請求項1の再生軟骨の軟骨特性を評価する方法。
- 前記GFAP含有量が培養上清1mLあたり0.05ng以上であるとき、移植に適していると判断する、請求項1または2に記載の再生軟骨の軟骨特性を評価する方法。
- 前記GFAP含有量が培養上清1mLあたり0.5ng以上であるとき、移植に適していると判断する、請求項1または2に記載の再生軟骨の軟骨特性を評価する方法。
- 前記GFAP含有量が培養上清1mLあたり5ng以上であるとき、移植に適していると判断する、請求項1または2に記載の再生軟骨の軟骨特性を評価する方法。
- (1)単離されたヒト耳介軟骨細胞を培養することと、
(2)培養上清に含まれるGFAP含量を測定することと、
(3)当該GFAP含量が培養上清1mLあたり0.05ng以上であることが確認された前記(1)において培養されたヒト耳介軟骨細胞を用いて再生軟骨を形成することと
を具備する再生軟骨の製造方法。 - 前記再生軟骨を形成することが、足場素材を用いて軟骨細胞を3次元培養することを含む請求項6に記載の再生軟骨の製造方法。
- 請求項6または7に記載の製造方法により製造される再生軟骨。
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JP2011009253A JP5388233B2 (ja) | 2011-01-19 | 2011-01-19 | 再生軟骨の軟骨特性を評価する方法 |
SG2013053947A SG191970A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2012-01-17 | Method for evaluating regenerated cartilage |
PCT/JP2012/050811 WO2012099104A1 (ja) | 2011-01-19 | 2012-01-17 | 再生軟骨を評価する方法 |
KR1020137018892A KR101555768B1 (ko) | 2011-01-19 | 2012-01-17 | 재생 연골의 평가방법 |
EP12736622.7A EP2667191B1 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2012-01-17 | Method for evaluation of regenerated cartilage |
CN201280005757.9A CN103328977B (zh) | 2011-01-19 | 2012-01-17 | 评估再生软骨的方法、再生软骨的制造方法 |
TW101102243A TWI431116B (zh) | 2011-01-19 | 2012-01-19 | Methods for assessing regenerative cartilage |
US13/946,497 US8921038B2 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2013-07-19 | Method for evaluating regenerated cartilage |
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US20170056554A1 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2017-03-02 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Fgf-18 in graft transplantation and tissue engineering procedures |
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WO2015097858A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 生体分子解析装置 |
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SG191970A1 (en) | 2013-08-30 |
US20130302834A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
US8921038B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
EP2667191A4 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
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CN103328977A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
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