JP2012139181A - Thermoplastic starch hybrid feed molding and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thermoplastic starch hybrid feed molding at a low price in which marine algae, fish and shellfish or food processing residue is made a main raw material, only edible auxiliary feedstock is used, and which is excellent in shape retention, ingestion, and forming processability, and is easy to store.SOLUTION: An inorganic salt is added to a composition including: 0-60% by weight of marine algae; 0-60% by weight of fish and shellfish including a fish meal or the like, 0-60% by weight of a food processing residue; 10-80% by weight of polysaccharides of starch or the like: and 1-50% by weight of an edible plasticizer, the composition is sterilized under carbon dioxide of a supercritical state or subcritical state of at least 100°C in an extrusion reaction machine, then heat plasticized, and compression formed to have a moderate moisture content as a feed of abalone which has decreased bubbles.

Description

  The present invention relates to a thermoplastic organic material, and more particularly to a thermoplastic organic material using a raw material containing a nutrient material, a plasticizer such as a polysaccharide such as starch or a fatty acid ester, or an inorganic salt such as magnesium chloride, and a method for producing the same. is there. Moreover, this invention relates to the feed which consists of this thermoplastic organic substance.

  Various feeds are used for raising livestock and seafood, but raising feed efficiency by providing feed that accurately matches the breeding characteristics of the organism to be fed is an important issue. ing. For example, in abalone farming, seaweed is used as a bait, but it is difficult to stably secure the bait over the year, such as seasonal seaweed depletion, which has hindered the spread of abalone aquaculture industry. Even if seaweeds are collected during the growing season, stored dry, and used during the depletion period, abalone cannot be eaten because it deteriorates and decays in seawater over time.

  Currently, the artificial feed for abalone that is marketed for aquaculture on land is expensive, easily disintegrates and dissolves in seawater, and has the disadvantage of poor feeding efficiency. In addition, when left in seawater for a long time, the abalone is altered and rotted, and the predatory abalone has the problem of causing physiological disorders and drowning. In some cases, there are aquaculture fishers who use sweet potatoes as food during the seaweed depletion period, but in this case, they can eat only the basal metabolism and grow.

Abalone behavior research report (Non-patent Document 1) knows that abalone is not attracted by the smell of food, and is thought to eat after moving around and touching food.
Since the water content of the feed is 80 to 90% of the water content of raw seaweed, it is more preferable to make it wet as close as possible. However, if the water content is increased, the shape retention property is lowered, the handling becomes inconvenient, and the problem of storage stability such as wrinkles easily occurs. Therefore, although the palatability including the abalone is inferior in palatability, its water content has to be suppressed to about 10% from the viewpoint of storage stability. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the water activity so that it does not easily rot while having a certain water content.

  In abalone farming feed, compound feed is currently in widespread use because it has the advantage of being easy to secure and easy to grow, compared to kombu. However, practical blended feeds have poor shape retention in seawater and disintegrate in 1-2 days. Moreover, when cultivating in an onshore water tank, the work to collect must be repeated because water quality deteriorates due to broken food. Therefore, there is a drawback that a large amount of labor is required for the feeding operation, and it is necessary to have excellent shape retention in water so that the feed components do not elute into water.

  Therefore, for example, in Patent Document 1, water-absorbing substances such as starch, water-absorbing pulp, and polyvinyl alcohol are kneaded for the purpose of fixing residual moisture in the raw material and improving redispersibility in water. A method of mixing, filling in a mold, and solidifying by thermoforming has been proposed. However, this method has a drawback that the ratio of water in the product fish feed is large, and spoilage and sputum are likely to occur. Further, since the mold is heated after being filled, the production efficiency is low and it is economically disadvantageous.

  Patent Document 2 describes a method for processing fishery waste, which is the inventors' previous invention, into fish food. In this method, a hybrid composition having thermoplasticity composed of a marine waste as a main raw material and a polysaccharide as a secondary raw material is sterilized under supercritical or subcritical conditions of carbon dioxide gas, and a moisture content of less than 30% by weight is obtained. It's what makes fish feed. However, since the amount of water in the fish food is large, there is a problem that the strength of the fish food itself is low and the water easily swells in water.

  For example, Patent Document 3 describes a paste-form feed that is applied or adhered to an abalone netting or other attachment plate to fix the problem of underwater shape retention. It is not possible. In addition, sodium alginate is not only expensive and complicated to prepare, but a gel with a high water content has a problem in storage stability. Moreover, although what was disclosed by patent documents 3-7 has a high nutritional value, there exists a problem in an underwater shape retention in the feed manufactured with an extruder etc.

  In addition, when the feed composition of the snail was subjected to a preliminary test, the content of the kombu was 5% by weight and the daily feeding rate was only 5.9% (15 ° C.). According to reports by Sakai et al. (Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3), it is 17.6% for wakame and 12.4% (20.3 ° C.) for Anaaaosa, so it is necessary to increase the seaweed content.

Kawamura Gunzo, Kasedo Teruo, Onoe Toshiyuki (2009, 7, 28): Abalone artificial prey effect test (6) Report of chemosensory organs and feeding behavior of abalone. Sugano, S. and SAKAI, Seiichi (1971): Biological study of abalone. Shallow sea complete aquaculture (supervised by Takeo Imai), Hoshiseisha Koseikaku, Tokyo, pp. 265-274. Seiichi Sakai (1962): Ecological study of Ezo abalone-(1), experimental research on food habits. Journal of Japanese Fisheries Society, 28 (8), 766-779.

JP-A-11-103789 Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-373214 JP-A-11-046696 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2005-006525 JP 2008-306970 A JP 2006-223217 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-248497

  In general, when resin molding is performed, it is difficult to produce a molded article having satisfactory strength when a large amount of non-adhesive materials are mixed. As for this hybrid feed and abalone farming feed, it is necessary to greatly increase the seaweed content in order to improve the feeding rate and growth rate in the future. How to form is an important issue in extrusion molding.

  The conversion of carbon dioxide into starch resin under supercritical or subcritical conditions means that carbon dioxide gas, which has been researched and developed by the applicant for some time, is dissolved in water and made into a supercritical or subcritical state in a special extruder. This is a technology for converting starch into a thermoplastic resin through hydrolysis, dehydration condensation, and crosslinking reaction. Furthermore, by selecting “resin materials used for resin molding and molding conditions”, various starches, plasticizers, additives and extrusion molding conditions for starch resination are selected, and thermoplastic starch resin is used as a matrix material ( By forming a hybrid with seaweed used as a binder, a molded product having sufficient performance required as a feed is realized. And it is suitable for abalone feeding and growth, can be stored at room temperature for a long time, and the new hybrid feed molding technology that does not disintegrate or alter in seawater is “extrusion processing of starch in carbon dioxide supercritical or subcritical conditions. Although it is achieved by “technology” and “selection technology of resin material and molding conditions used for resin molding”, the following technical problems remain.

  That is, for abalone aquaculture feed, it is necessary to significantly increase the seaweed content in order to improve the feeding rate and growth rate of abalone, but even if a large amount of seaweed is blended, it does not collapse in seawater, In order to be recognized as food from abalone feeding behavior, it is necessary to make it equivalent to seaweed. However, at present, the water content is increased in order to provide flexibility like seaweed, and there are problems in obtaining moldability and storage at room temperature.

  In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention adjusts the palatability and preservation of various feeds, and in order to make up for the shortage of food in the depletion period of seaweed that is used for abalone culture, Of seaweeds with a matrix material, abalone is easy to eat and has physical properties such as flexibility, creating a food with excellent shape retention, non-rotability, storage stability, growth in water, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermoplastic starch hybrid feed molded article corresponding to various uses and a method for producing the same.

  For this reason, the thermoplastic starch hybrid feed molded product of the present invention comprises 0-60% by weight of seaweed, 0-60% by weight of seafood, 0-60% by weight of food processing residue, 10-80% by weight of polysaccharides such as starch, A first feature is that an inorganic salt is added to a composition comprising 1 to 50% by weight of an edible plasticizer to form a thermoplastic resin. And the manufacturing method consists of seaweed 0-60% by weight, seafood 0-60% by weight, food processing residue 0-60% by weight, polysaccharides such as starch 10-80% by weight, edible plasticizer 1-50 The second step is to add inorganic salts to a composition consisting of% by weight, and to make a thermoplastic resin by a supercritical or subcritical sterilization or sterilization step of carbon dioxide at 100 ° C. or higher, a dehydration condensation step, and an extrusion thermoplastic step. It is characterized by. Furthermore, the third feature is that the thermoplastic resin is compression-molded in block, flat, block, lump, pellet, and granular molds to reduce bubbles in the feed generated during the heating process. Further, the fourth feature is that the material is molded into a shape having a shelter function.

For example, suitable requirements for the abalone feed molding are listed as follows.
(1) A composition that promotes feeding and growth of abalone.
(2) It has the same physical properties as seaweed that abalone can recognize as food.
(3) It has the strength that can maintain its shape without collapsing in seawater.
(4) It can be stored for a long time at room temperature without being altered or spoiled in seawater.

That is, it can improve the shape, strength, storage stability, etc. required by selection of feed materials, starch resination conditions in carbon dioxide supercritical or subcritical state, selection of extrusion molding conditions, and is used for general EP feed New food that could not be produced by other production methods such as extruder (high-temperature high-pressure granulator) can be produced.
(1) Regarding the promotion of abalone feeding and growth, it has the strength to increase the seaweed content in the hybrid food molding and maintain its shape without collapsing in seawater even if it contains a large amount of seaweed It is possible by optimizing starch thermoplastic resin conditions (degree of dehydration condensation, etc.), seaweed mixing conditions (size of seaweed to be mixed), extrusion molding conditions (temperature, pressure, screw rotation speed), and essential nutrients And attractants can also be added.
(2) Regarding the shape and flexibility similar to seaweed, a molded body that has sufficient strength even when stretched into a thin plate shape and relatively retained moisture after selecting a plasticizer and starch that do not repel abalone. Can be solved by adjusting the composition and molding conditions.
(3) The strength that does not easily disintegrate even in seawater can be solved by adjusting the starch thermoplasticizing conditions (dehydration condensation step) in order to increase the molecular weight of the compression of the feed or the thermoplastic resinized starch.
(4) Preservability and non-altering properties have effects of sterilization during processing and water activity adjustment, adjustment of extrusion molding conditions (temperature), selection of plastics and additive types such as inorganic salts and sugar alcohols, and composition studies Can be solved by. In addition, unlike petroleum-derived synthetic resins, it has been confirmed that thermoplastic starch resins have no toxicity to living bodies, are edible and biodegradable, and are highly suitable as matrix materials for feed.

According to the present invention, the prepared feed can be adjusted and processed so that the nutritional composition, palatability, preservability, shape retention and the like correspond to the breeding characteristics of various domestic animals.
For example, the abalone feed produced by the present invention has the following excellent effects.
(1) Feed with good feed efficiency Feeding high-growth feed leads to reductions in feed costs and labor costs due to shortening of the breeding period.
(2) Feeds with good storage stability Can be stored at room temperature for a long time, leading to reductions in equipment costs and feed costs (3) Feeds with low dissipation in seawater Feeding costs can be reduced by feeding food efficiently It leads to.
(4) Feed with good stability in seawater The main tasks in abalone farming, such as feeding and collection of residual food, will be saved, leading to a reduction in labor costs.
(5) Feed with good processability Since it is a thermoplastic resin, the size and shape of the feed can be freely changed, and can be processed into various shapes according to the purpose of the intended application.

It is a photograph which shows the state of the feed immediately after extrusion molding and after compression molding. It is a photograph which shows the flat food molded object which shows the result of a water immersion test. It is a perspective view which shows the example of the shape of the thermoplastic starch hybrid feed molding which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the example of the box-shaped body by the thermoplastic starch hybrid feed molding which concerns on this invention.

  As a manufacturing method of the thermoplastic starch hybrid seaweed food molding concerning the present invention, seaweed powder such as seaweed and kombu 0 to 60% by weight, seafood including fish meal etc. 0 to 60% by weight, food processing residue 0 to 60% %, A composition comprising 10 to 80% by weight of a polysaccharide such as starch, 1 to 50% by weight of a plasticizer such as edible glycerin, and a mixture obtained by adding an inorganic salt such as magnesium chloride. It is converted into a thermoplastic resin by a supercritical or subcritical sterilization or sterilization process of carbon dioxide gas, a dehydration condensation process, or an extrusion thermoplastic process.

  By using polysaccharides as a seaweed tether, it is possible to improve the strength of the feed, reduce the swelling rate and the decay rate. As the polysaccharide, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and the like are used. Potatoes and cereals (preferably derived from wheat) containing a large amount of polysaccharides can be used as they are. The amount of polysaccharide blended varies depending on the type of seaweed used. About the weight compounding quantity of this polysaccharide, it is desirable that it is 10 to 80 weight% of the whole raw material. More preferably, it is 30 to 70% by weight. As described above, it is economically advantageous to use polysaccharides such as plant-derived inexpensive starch instead of petroleum-derived plastic resin as a connecting material, and it is also friendly to the natural environment.

  In addition, a biodegradable resin can be used to improve the strength of the feed of the present invention, and reduce the swelling rate and degradation / disintegration rate. As the biodegradable resin, aliphatic polyester, aromatic polyester or copolymerized polyester thereof can be used.

  The thermoplastic starch hybrid feed molded article of the present invention is a solid form obtained by mixing seaweed, seafood, food processing residue and polysaccharides, resinating by thermoplasticizing with an extruder, and cooling and solidifying this. It is to be used as a feed. When thermoplasticizing, thermoplasticity can be improved by adding a plasticizer. Further, the thermoplasticity can be further improved by increasing the blending amount of the plasticizer. Edible glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol and the like can be used as the plasticizer.

  Moreover, the addition of a plasticizer not only improves the thermoplasticity but also allows the thermoplasticized resin to have flexibility. For example, when the feed of the present invention is used for abalone culture, it is preferable that the feel when abalone eats the feed be in a state similar to that of natural seaweed or kombu. That is, it is preferable to have an appropriate hardness and flexibility similar to natural seaweed. The feed of the present invention can have excellent flexibility by increasing the blending amount of the plasticizer. In consideration of economy, it is desirable that the weight blending amount of the edible plasticizer is 1% by weight to 50% by weight of the whole raw material. More preferably, the content is 1% by weight to 35% by weight.

  Addition of inorganic salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride can adjust both the palatability (high moisture) and the storage stability (low free water) by adjusting the water activity by the inorganic salts. Here, the water activity is a numerical value representing the ratio of free water in food and is an index of food preservation. It is essential that an appropriate amount of free water is present in order for microorganisms to grow in food. In the case of 0.6 or less, all microorganisms cannot be propagated.

  In addition, when blending each of the plasticizers described above, fish oil, liver oil, shrimp oil, and squid oil can be used not only to give the feed plasticity and flexibility, but also to act as a feeding ingredient. it can. In addition, various amino acids and amino acid mixtures, permitted additives such as vitamins, minerals, pigments, fats, aquatic animal extracts and refined fish oils (oils and fats) should be added and used as necessary. You can also.

  The production process of the present invention is preferably an integrated continuous process comprising a carbon dioxide supercritical or subcritical sterilization or sterilization process at 100 ° C. or higher, a dehydration condensation process, and an extrusion plastic molding process. Incidentally, carbon dioxide gas becomes a supercritical state under the conditions of a temperature of 31.1 ° C. or more and a pressure of 7.48 MPa or more, a temperature of 31.1 ° C. or more and a pressure of less than 7.48 MPa, a temperature of less than 31.1 ° C., a pressure 7. It becomes a subcritical state under the condition of 48 MPa or more. By these steps, a solid feed sterilized or sterilized and converted into a thermoplastic resin can be obtained.

  Rotting means a state in which proteins, carbohydrates, fats and the like are decomposed by bacteria. Ingestion of spoiled food will cause the degradation products to adversely affect the animal's body and cause physiological disorders. However, in the case of the feed of the present invention, it is sterilized or sterilized under supercritical or subcritical conditions of carbon dioxide at 100 ° C. or higher, and then recondensed in the dehydration condensation process. There is no harm to the human body that ingests the abalone.

  Seaweed contains a lot of water, but these waters act as plasticizers, and unnecessary water is adjusted to 30% by weight or less in the dehydration condensation process. The moisture content was measured by heating at room temperature and using the direct method (* 5th edition Japanese Food Standard Composition Table Analysis Manual).

  Since the feed of the present invention is produced by extrusion molding or compression molding, its shape and size can be freely changed using a mold or the like, and can be adjusted according to the degree of growth of the target animal. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, at the time of extrusion, the molded body 1 is formed in a cylindrical shape or a semi-cylindrical shape, and the concave portion 2 is provided, thereby providing a shelter function as a nocturnal abalone and a shelter function as an evacuation site. be able to. In addition, by providing the outer layer 3 and the inner layer 4 of the molded body 1 with a difference in thickness or hardness, it is possible to provide an outer shell with high shape retention and an inner surface that is flexible and easy to eat. Can be fattened in a stable environment.

  That is, when it is desired to slow the swelling speed with respect to seawater, the swelling speed can be controlled to be slow by increasing the ratio of making the outer layer 3 harder and thicker. The same applies to the case where it is desired to partially provide strength in seawater, and the strength can be maintained by suppressing the swelling of seawater. On the other hand, about the part which is not covered, it has the flexibility to be eaten immediately, and the growth rate of the food as a whole gives a wide growth rate by feeding abalone over a long period of time. Can do.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, when releasing aquatic organisms such as abalone, a box-shaped food molded body 5 having a lid 5a that can be opened and closed and having a plurality of water passage holes 5b formed on each side surface is formed. By adding seedlings and submerging them into the sea and subsiding them in the sea, it is possible to avoid predation by pests and to improve the survival rate by supplementing the food after release.

  Feed material mixture 100 of wakame powder 7.4 wt%, kombu powder 7.4 wt%, wheat starch 37.0 wt%, wheat flour 27.8 wt%, glycerin 3.7 wt%, magnesium chloride 16.7 wt% 46.0 parts by weight of saturated carbonated water (pH = 5.4) was added to parts by weight, and the slurry (itch mixture) mixed in the mixing step was sterilized at 145 ° C. and 1 MPa under shear force. Then, after a dehydration condensation process in a continuous reduced pressure state, extrusion was performed at a die pressure of 0.3 MPa from a nozzle having a length of 3 mm and a width of 50 mm, and a flat plate having a thickness of 2 to 3 mm using a press machine equipped with a flat plate mold. Formed into a shape. The manufactured feed had moderate elasticity and flexibility, and it was confirmed that abalone had been fed (see FIG. 1).

  As a result of measuring the moisture and water activity of the feed immediately after molding and conducting a bacterial test, the water content was 14.4%, the water activity was 0.50, the number of general bacteria was 300 / g or less, and the mold was negative (-).

  In addition, the moisture and water activity of the food stored in a polyethylene bag with a chuck for 60 days at 25 ° C. were measured, and the bacteria were also examined. The result was 14.1% moisture and water activity 0.50, and the number of general bacteria was 300 or less / g, mold-negative (-), and generation of sputum and spoilage were not observed. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

  As shown in FIG. 2, as a result of performing the septic test (general number of bacteria, mold) by immersing the plate-shaped molded food product produced in Example 1 in water, immersion in an onshore water tank and sea surface ginger 1 No corruption was observed after 3 days.

  As a result of investigating the collapsed state by immersing the plate-like food molded article produced in Example 1 in seawater at 8 to 11 ° C., the shape was retained even after 7 days. This confirmed that there was enough time for the abalone to ingest before the food collapsed. The results are shown in FIG. 2, Table 3 and Table 4.

  In the same manner as in Example 1, the main raw materials were 3.5% by weight of wakame powder, 2.6% by weight of kumbu powder, 45.6% by weight of wheat starch, 17.5% by weight of wheat flour, 3.5% by weight of glycerin, magnesium chloride 23.0% by weight, vitamin mixture 4.3% by weight, cod liver oil 0.7% by weight, soy lecithin 0.4% by weight, 100 parts by weight of feed ingredient mixture, saturated carbonated water (pH = 5.3) 43.0 Part by weight was added, and the slurry (itch mixture) mixed in the mixing step was sterilized at 140 ° C. and 1 MPa under shear force. Thereafter, through a continuous dehydration condensation process in a reduced pressure state, extrusion was performed from a nozzle of 3 mm in length and 50 mm in width at a pressure before die of 0.2 MPa to produce a feed formed into a flat plate having a thickness of 2 to 3 mm.

  As a result of measuring the water content and water activity of the feed immediately after molding and conducting a bacterial test, the water content was 15.7%, the water activity was 0.52, the number of general bacteria was 300 or less, mold positive (+) (30 real numbers) / g).

  In addition, the moisture and water activity of the food stored in a polyethylene bag with a chuck for 60 days at 25 ° C. were measured, and the bacteria were also examined. The results were unchanged at 15.1% moisture and 0.50 water activity, and the number of general bacteria was 300 or less / g, mold-negative (−), and generation of sputum and spoilage were not observed. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

  As a result of immersing the plate-shaped molded food product produced in Example 2 in water and conducting a septic test (general number of bacteria, fungi), it was rotted after a lapse of 1 day and 3 days in an onshore water tank and sea surface ginger. Was not recognized. The results are shown in Table 7 and Table 8.

  In each of the above Examples, by adding magnesium chloride, a feed excellent in palatability and storage stability with abalone having a water content of 14 to 18% and a water activity of about 0.5 was obtained.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Feed 2 Recess 3 Outer layer 4 Inner layer 5 Box 5a Lid 5b Water passage hole

Claims (4)

A composition comprising 0 to 60% by weight of seaweed, 0 to 60% by weight of seafood, 0 to 60% by weight of food processing residue, 10 to 80% by weight of polysaccharides such as starch, and 1 to 50% by weight of edible plasticizer. A thermoplastic starch hybrid feed molded article formed by adding inorganic salts and forming a thermoplastic resin. A thermoplastic starch hybrid characterized in that the composition comprising claim 1 is converted into a thermoplastic resin by a supercritical or subcritical sterilization or sterilization process of carbon dioxide at 100 ° C or higher, a dehydration condensation process, and an extrusion thermoplastic process. A method for producing a molded food product. Thermoplastic characterized by compression-molding the molded body of the feed consisting of claim 1 or claim 2 in a block, block, flat plate, pellet, or granular mold to reduce bubbles in the feed. Starch hybrid feed molding. A thermoplastic starch hybrid food molded article, wherein the food molded article comprising any one of claims 1 to 3 is molded into a shape having a shelter function.