JPH01231854A - Assorted feed for breeding sea snail and echinoid and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the title feed having high attractive effect, good in baiting, causing no deterioration of water quality, highly shape-retentive for a long period of time, by forming to tape-like shape a feed material prepared by kneading kelp power with a binder and water. CONSTITUTION:A blend prepared by kneading (A) kelp power with (B) a binder (e.g., activated gluten), and (C) water, and furthermore, if needed, (D) an auxiliary additive (e.g., defatted soybean) is put to compression molding to a thick tape form similar in shape to that of kelps, with a size e.g., of 4aX1/4a, followed by either wetting, semi-drying or drying, thus obtaining the objective assorted feed facilitating the administration work, also enabling the feed consumption to be saved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Industrial Application Field" The present invention relates to a compound feed for raising snails and sea urchins such as abalones, turban shells, and turban shells.

``Conventional technical background'' Foods conventionally used as feed for aquatic snails and sea urchins can be roughly divided into: ■ raw seaweed, ■ salted seaweed,
There are three types: processed seaweed that has been blanched or dried, and mixed feed.

First, raw seaweed such as fresh raw kelp is the main food for aquatic snails and sea urchins in nature, and is the most desirable feed, but the harvest period is seasonal and limited.
Its harvest is easily affected by the weather, and its nature makes it unsuitable for storage, so it has been difficult to secure a stable supply over a long period of time.

For this reason, initially, kelp and other processed seaweeds were made into long-storable processed seaweeds, such as raw salted, blanched and salted, or dried, to provide a stable supply. However, the salted products require a refrigerator, which increases storage and management costs, and the dry products have problems such as significantly inferior growth due to the loss of nutrients.

Therefore, in recent years, mixed feeds with good storage stability and growth rates have been developed and used instead of processed steamed foods. In particular, compound feeds for aquatic snails and sea urchins made by improving compound feeds for various fish include fishmeal, defatted soybeans,
Because it uses animal and vegetable feed materials such as wheat, it has a high nutritional value and has the advantage of a higher growth rate than when raised using sea food as feed. For this reason, compound feeds rapidly became popular.

As the compounded feed, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-15186
JP-A No. 55-21779, etc.

First, the former is a method in which raw materials such as fishmeal, defatted soybeans, and wheat are processed with water, squeezed, extruded, and then pressed and formed into flat plate shapes that are used as feed (Special Publications Publication No. 55-15
Publication No. 186). However, since the main ingredient of this compound feed is fishmeal, a large amount of components are leached out and it is easily spoiled. For this reason, it is difficult to prevent water quality deterioration. In addition, the flat plate shape of the feed does not match the feeding habits of snails, etc., so the adhesion rate of shellfish to the administered amount is poor, and a large amount of leftover feed tends to occur. For this reason, feeding efficiency is not good.

The latter is a mixture of fish meal, wheat flour, starch, and soybean meal mixed with binders such as alginate, carrageenan powder, and gum arabic, which is then applied and dried on substrates such as paper, cloth, and plastic. (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 55-21779).

This compounded feed is also made of animal and plant proteins as its main ingredients, so it is easily putrefied and it is difficult to prevent water quality from deteriorating. In addition, animal and vegetable proteins, which are the main raw materials, have excessive water absorption, and since they are simply coated on the base material, they have poor retention and become too soft as feed for snails, making them difficult to feed. It has become a thing. Furthermore, since substrates such as paper, cloth, and plastic cannot be used as bait, they must be collected after baiting, but the snails and sea urchins that are being reared are also attached to the substrates. Therefore, it is difficult to handle. There is also a concern that feed ingredients and leftover feed contained in the base material may deteriorate water quality.

"Problems to be Solved by the Invention" As mentioned above, conventionally used feeds for rearing aquatic snails and sea urchins include raw seaweeds, processed seaweeds, and mixed feeds. Although it has its strengths, it also has its weaknesses, and I was not completely satisfied with it. Therefore, the above-mentioned mixed feed,
As a result of repeated research for further improvement, it was found that the following conditions are necessary for a formulated feed for rearing aquatic snails and sea urchins.

■Suitable for the tastes of marine snails and sea urchins, and provides good feeding.

0 Shape and structure that match the feeding habits of snails, etc.

When snails and sea urchins eat, they lift the front part of their bodies to cover the surrounding area of the food, pull the food under their bodies, and then hold it down with their feet and slowly lick and nibble off the surface. I take action. Moreover, each individual has a habit of living in its own territory. Therefore, in order to increase the chance of encountering feed, it is necessary to ensure that the perimeter of the feed is long, and to consider a shape that can secure an area corresponding to the territory with as little waste as possible. Try to increase feeding efficiency.

■Have the ability to retain its shape for the time necessary for feeding in water and avoid deterioration of water quality.

In other words, it has a shape-retaining property that does not dissolve or disintegrate even if it remains in water for a long time, and it suppresses excessive elution of feed white components, so it does not spoil even during periods of high water temperature.
Adjust feed white ingredients to avoid deteriorating water quality.

■Feed efficiency is good.

To make feed white ingredients easy to digest and absorb, resulting in good growth, and to make it difficult for animals to get sick during rearing and to reduce the number of animals that die before they grow up.

■Feed production costs and storage management costs are low, making it highly economical.

■Feed should be easy to handle.

The present invention was newly developed based on the above knowledge by researching raw materials, shapes, and manufacturing methods.

Conventionally, in order to prevent differences in individual growth and decrease in yield, breeding feed for snails has been made into feed pieces A formed into small flat pellets, as shown in Fig. 5, which are spread over the entire feeding board B. We have been working to increase the encounter rate by administering the virus evenly to each other and dispersing it. However, when casting, it is time-consuming and troublesome to scatter the small feed pieces A evenly throughout the water, and they are easily moved by water currents, so it is difficult to maintain a uniformly scattered state. That was difficult. Moreover, when feed pieces A are unevenly distributed in one place and gather in large numbers, the central part is a territorial area for snails, so they do not try to attach to the feed pieces and remain unfed, often resulting in wastage.

Furthermore, the feeding behavior of snails and sea urchins involves lifting the front part of the body to cover the bait, pulling the bait under the body, and then holding it down with the feet and slowly licking the surface.
As feed for breeding, it is necessary to have a certain size or more. As shown in FIG. 5, if the feed is made into smaller grains, the above-mentioned feeding behavior cannot be achieved, so the feeding rate decreases, causing a decrease in growth rate.

In addition, feed piece A is mainly made of animal/vegetable feed materials, and when it becomes small particles, it promotes the elution of nutritional components, which tends to cause water quality deterioration, which also causes a decrease in growth rate.

Furthermore, if small pellets of feed are simply thrown to save time, the feed becomes sparse and dense as shown in Figure 6, resulting in uneven growth depending on the location, as well as a large amount of leftover feed, which has the disadvantage of causing water quality deterioration. be.

Next, as shown in Figure 7, large rectangular or polygonal shapes,
Alternatively, if the feed C is in the form of a flat plate, such as a circular shape, the attachment sites for snails and sea urchins are limited to the surrounding area, and they have territories and will not attach if they get too close.
The amount of adhesion is limited, and the chance of encountering bait becomes poor. In other words, due to their habit, snails only attach themselves to the surrounding areas of their prey.
As they start nibbling from the periphery, the center of the bait becomes leftover bait.
It causes water quality deterioration and economic waste. As a result, when large flat plate feed C was used, it was found that the proportion of raw materials used was not economical due to poor feeding efficiency, and that some snails were starved of feed, resulting in poor growth. There are problems such as differences tend to occur and the yield of growth is poor.

In order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention has devised the main raw materials and the shape of the feed, and thereby solves the technical problems of the conventional technology as described above, and is also suitable for breeding snails and sea urchins. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound feed for raising aquatic snails and sea urchins that satisfies the requirements for a compound feed and can stably supply a high-quality product.

"Means for Solving the Problems" As a means for solving the technical problems, the present invention first provides a compounded feed for rearing aquatic snails and sea urchins that is improved as follows.

It is a compound feed for rearing aquatic snails and sea urchins, which is characterized by a feed material consisting mainly of kelp powder, kneaded with at least a binder and water, and formed into a tape shape.

The first feature is that the feed material is mainly composed of kelp powder and is kneaded with at least a binder and water.

Kelp powder is the ingredient that snails and sea urchins are most likely to eat as food, and compared to other animal/vegetable feed ingredients, kelp powder helps snails and sea urchins grow healthier and grow into products. Good yield. To explain this in more detail, when feeds made mainly of animal and vegetable feed ingredients are used, the growth rate is good at the beginning of feeding, but the constitution becomes fragile and changes in water quality and temperature may cause the growth rate to be good. They are susceptible to diseases and have a high mortality rate during the several years before they are grown into products, resulting in poor yields. On the other hand, in the case of feed mainly consisting of kelp powder, although the initial growth rate was somewhat slow,
When they grow up, there is no difference in their growth rates, and the mortality rate over several years in the same environment is significantly lower, resulting in better feeding effects. The palatability and growth suitability of snails and sea urchins are the result of many years of extensive experience and observation.

Moreover, since kelp powder is less likely to dissolve in water or have its components eluted, it has a lower rate of degrading water quality and has excellent shape retention due to the binder. Therefore, snails and sea urchins have a good eating environment, and they effectively function as attractive food for a long period of time. As a result, the compound feed for rearing of the present invention has good feeding efficiency.

The second feature is that it is formed into a tape shape.

Conventionally, when determining the shape of this type of feed, sufficient consideration has not been given to the feeding habits of aquatic snails and sea urchins. The present invention focused on this feeding habit, and was specified with the condition that it be a shape with no waste and good feeding efficiency, and also a shape with excellent functionality that is easy to handle. be. The shape thus determined is the tape shape. The tape shape referred to here is thin, narrow, and elongated. The reason why this is suitable for the feeding habits of aquatic snails and sea urchins and has excellent functionality will be explained below.

As mentioned above, when snails and sea urchins eat, they lift the front part of their bodies to cover the surrounding area of the food, pull the food under their bodies, and then hold it down with their feet and slowly lick and nibble the surface. Initiate feeding behavior. Moreover, each individual has a habit of living in its own territory. Therefore, in order to increase the chance of encountering the feed, it is necessary to ensure a long perimeter of the feed, and to create a shape that allows the area corresponding to the territory to be secured as efficiently as possible. .

On the other hand, the thinness of the tape shape makes it easier for snails and sea urchins to cover their surrounding areas, making it easier for them to take a eating posture, and its slender length allows it to accommodate the perimeter of the food. The length of the tape increases the chance of encounters, and the width of the tape has the effect of ensuring an area corresponding to the territory without wasting it.

In particular, the fact that the tape shape increases the peripheral length can be understood by comparing FIGS. 1 and 2. That is, what is shown in FIG. 2 is a square-shaped compounded feed 2 with a length a, the area of which is a2, and the total circumferential side length 4a. If we change the shape of a compounded feed with the same area a2 to tape-shaped compounded feed 1 by making it 1/4 the width as shown in Fig. 1, the long side will be 4a and the total peripheral side length will be 8. 58, which is more than twice the size of a square. In other words, even if you use the same amount of material, just changing the shape can greatly change the length of the surrounding sides. The present invention applies this principle.

Moreover, by making tape-shaped compounded feed 1, preservation,
When transporting, it can be packed into a small roll,
When using it, it is easy to take out the necessary amount, and when casting bait, it is easy to control the installation location on bait casting board B, making it very convenient to handle (No. 4)
figure).

Specifically, by changing the thickness and width of the bait, it is possible to cast the bait in accordance with the growth size of the individual, thereby further increasing the effect. At this time, the width of the feed should be approximately 10-80% of the membrane length for snails, and 10-50% of the diameter for sea urchins, and the thickness of the feed should basically be 5% of the width of the feed. About 10% is preferable. Also,
The length of the feed varies depending on the shape of the facility and the breeding method.
It is desirable to have a length that matches the width of the aquarium, etc.

In addition, the present invention uses kelp powder as the feed raw material, with a binder and water as essential components, but other animal/vegetable feed raw materials, nutritional reinforcement agents, preservatives, antioxidants, etc. are used as necessary. Of course, part or all of the above may be supplementarily added.

Next, a patented invention relating to a method for producing a compound feed for raising aquatic snails and sea urchins will be explained.

The main ingredient is kelp powder, which is mixed with a binder and water, and then animal/vegetable feed ingredients, nutritional supplements, preservatives, antioxidants, etc. are added as needed, and the mixture is thoroughly kneaded to produce feed ingredients. This feed material is compression-molded into a thick, elongated tape shape similar to or similar to that of seaweeds such as kelp, and then left in a wet state, semi-dry state, or dry state. This is a method for producing a compound feed for rearing aquatic snails and sea urchins. still,
As described above, the feed raw material may be compressed into a tape shape and then immersed in an aqueous calcium chloride solution to form a gel.

That is, the present invention uses kelp powder, which snails and sea urchins find most appealing as food, as the main ingredient, as well as casein, fishmeal, blood meal, egg white, defatted soybean,
Animal and plant feed materials such as flour, starch, seaweed, and fungi,
In addition to calcium and mineral mixes, auxiliary additives such as preservatives and antioxidants are added, and various binders such as active gluten, alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, agar, gelatin, gum arabic, and synthetic binders are added to water. Mix well with the ingredients to make feed ingredients. At this time, these kelp powders, auxiliary additives, and binders are appropriately blended according to the type, growth size, condition, season, etc. of the snails and sea urchins. Next, this feed material is compression-molded into a long, thin tape shape similar to or similar to seaweeds such as kelp, and then heated or gelled using a hardening agent. By doing both, it is made into a mixed feed for rearing. Although the above is the basic production method, the compounded feed obtained by this method can be used in a wet state, a semi-dry state, or a dry state.

"Example"<Example1> 500 g of kelp powder, 300 g of defatted soybean powder, activated wheat gluten loog, 100 g of sodium alginate and 3 parts water
000 cc was added, mixed and stirred, and the mixture was compression molded without applying heat, processed into an elongated tape shape, and then soaked in a 3% calcium chloride solution for gelation.

<Example 2> The same feed material used in Example 1 was mixed with 1500 cc of water, compression molded, processed into an elongated tape shape, and then heated with steam at 110° C. for 10 seconds to harden.

The material obtained in Example 1.2 above is cut into appropriate lengths and kept in a wet state, semi-dry state, or dry state to be used as feed.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but can be implemented with various changes depending on the type, growth size, condition, season, etc. of the snails and sea urchins.

``Effects of the Invention'' As mentioned above, the compound feed according to the present invention uses kelp powder, which natural snails and sea urchins like to eat, as the main ingredient, so it has the aroma and flavor of the kelp extract that oozes out. It has a high feeding attracting effect, and because it sways in the water in a shape similar to natural kelp, it attracts snails and sea urchins better than salted kelp.

Furthermore, since the present invention mainly uses kelp powder that suppresses the elution of nutritional components and is resistant to spoilage, there is almost no deterioration in water quality and it can be used with confidence even during periods of high water temperature.

Since the compound feed according to the present invention is shaped like a tape, it is easy to cover and hold snails and sea urchins, and it is not only moderately soft and easy to eat, but also has sufficient shape retention for a long time in water, so it can be wrapped easily. It is easy for shellfish and two types to feed,
They grow well because they eat a lot.

Moreover, the tape shape has a longer peripheral length than a square, polygon, or circle of the same volume, so it is more likely to be encountered as feed, and the adhesion rate of snails and sea urchins is better, so it is suitable for large-scale breeding. It also has high feeding efficiency and can realize even and uniform growth for the entire breeding target.

In addition, the tape shape has an appropriate width and can efficiently secure territory for territorial claims, so there is less wasted area and leftover bait that snails and sea urchins cannot attach to, and it is virtually impossible to prevent small particles. , it is possible to efficiently increase the feeding effect with a smaller area and dosage than a large plate-shaped one.

In addition, the present invention makes it easier to dispose of leftover feed due to less wasted area and less leftover feed, and there is less deterioration of water quality, making management work such as replacing and cleaning water for aquaculture easier, and eliminating waste. As a result, the consumption of the compound feed can be reduced and the economic effect can be increased.

Furthermore, the compound feed according to the present invention is not only long-storable, but also has a tape shape, so it is easy to handle by rolling it up and rolling it out one after another as needed, and it is also easy to handle when feeding. It can be easily distributed evenly throughout the culture tank, and has good shape retention, making it easy to dispose of leftover feed.

Furthermore, during manufacturing, you can balance nutrients or add missing nutrients as needed, freely set the size of the tape shape according to the growth state, adjust the flavor, and freely change the product form. This allows for a stable supply of high-quality feed that matches the conditions of the animal being raised.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing how snails adhere to the tape-shaped compound feed according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a plan view showing how snails are attached to a square-shaped compounded feed having the same area for comparison with the tape shape according to the present invention, and Figure 3 is a side view showing the feeding status of abalone. Figure 4 is a perspective view of the compound feed for rearing formed in the shape of a thin, narrow and long tape according to the present invention, which is attached to a feeding board, and Figures 5 to 7 are views of conventional bait feeding boards. FIG. Patent Applicant Kyokuto Feed Co., Ltd. Agent Patent Attorney Hiroo Otsu／-'Figure 4Figure 5

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A compounded feed for rearing aquatic snails and sea urchins, characterized in that the feed material is made by kneading kelp powder as a main ingredient and kneading at least a binder and water into a tape shape. (2) Mainly kelp powder, mixed with binder and water, and added with animal/vegetable feed materials, nutritional supplements, preservatives, antioxidants, etc. as necessary, and kneaded well. This kneaded feed material is then compression-molded into a thick, elongated tape shape similar to or similar to that of seaweeds such as kelp, and brought into a wet, semi-dry or dry state. A method for producing compound feed for raising shellfish and sea urchins. (3) Breeding of aquatic snails and sea urchins, characterized in that the feed material is compression-molded into a tape shape and then immersed in an aqueous calcium chloride solution to gel it as described in the second claim. Method of manufacturing compound feed for food.