JP5146182B2 - Smooth solid fish food and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid fish food made from marine waste containing marine products such as fish.

  It has been found that a fish bait having a fish-shaped outline and having a surface resembling a natural fish exhibits high fish collecting ability. That is, high catch can be expected even in actual fishing by using a bait that is similar to natural fish.

  In view of this, the present inventors previously processed the marine waste into fish food, and formed its outer shape into a fish shape such as a sardine, and applied a biodegradable paint to the entire surface or a specific part. A method of coating and coating has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2008-86274 A

  However, according to the above method, it has been found that the surface of the fish food becomes uneven depending on the coating state of the paint, and when it is put into the sea, the movement of the fish food becomes unnatural due to the uneven resistance and the predation property may be lowered. It was. Then, the present inventors came to make this invention as a result of earnestly researching in order to further improve the function as a fish bait. That is, when the fish bait of the present invention is thrown into water, it looks as if the raw fish swims naturally, and has not only a high fish attracting effect and predatory property, but also a smooth solid fish bait that is environmentally friendly and easy to store. And it aims at providing the manufacturing method.

  Therefore, the smooth solid fish food of the present invention is a composition comprising 20 to 60% by weight of marine waste containing marine products, 10 to 60% by weight of polysaccharides such as starch, and 5 to 40% by weight of edible plasticizer. The first feature is that the outer shape of the solid fish baits that are plastic-molded and substantially free of air bubbles is formed to resemble a fish and that the outer surface is coated with bright scales so as to exhibit a smooth contour. To do. The second feature is that the glitter scale is mica. Furthermore, the third feature is that the outer surface area ratio of 20% to 80% is covered with glitter scales. Furthermore, in the method for producing a smooth solid fish bait of the present invention, it comprises 20 to 60% by weight of marine waste containing marine products, 10 to 60% by weight of polysaccharides such as starch, and 5 to 40% by weight of edible plasticizer. The outer surface of the rod-shaped plastic material extruded by the extrusion thermoplastic processing, including a crushing and mixing step of the composition, a sterilization step of carbon dioxide gas at 100 ° C. or higher, a sterilization step under a supercritical or subcritical condition, a dehydration condensation step, and an extrusion thermoplastic step A fifth feature is that after the glitter scale is attached to the surface of the fish, it is press-molded with a fish-shaped mold, and the glitter scale is embedded in the surface of the fish food.

  When the smooth solid fish food of the present invention is put into water, the reflected light shines on the glittering scale, and it appears to swim naturally in the water stream as if it were a raw fish. For this reason, it can be surmised that the predatory fish attracting effect, in other words, the fish collecting ability is excellent. Moreover, the following effects can be acquired by coat | covering the whole fish food or a specific site | part with a bright scale. For example, when the fish-shaped fish bait of Example 1 described later is used, the rate of covering the surface of the fish bait can be controlled by increasing the rate of swelling with respect to seawater. Moreover, even when it is desired to impart strength partially in seawater, the swelling due to seawater can be suppressed by covering the part. On the other hand, since the substance that attracts the fish in the fish feed is gradually released and diffused by exposing the uncoated part to seawater, a good fish collection effect can be obtained.

  The specific gravity of the fish bait of the present invention is 1.00 to 1.15, and the specific gravity can be adjusted depending on the usage. That is, for example, in the case of a farm, the sedimentation speed with respect to the depth of the water can be changed as appropriate, and environmental pollution due to the accumulation of fish food on the bottom of the farm is not caused. Moreover, since the fish bait of the present invention is manufactured by extrusion thermoplastic molding, the size can be freely changed, and the size can be adjusted according to the degree of growth of the cultured fish. In addition, since it has a low water content, it can be stored for a long period of time even at room temperature using only light packaging that prevents oxidation. The smooth solid fish bait of the present invention has an outer surface covered with glittering scaly and is formed in a smooth state (without irregularities). In this specification, this state is expressed as “smooth”.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples shown in the drawings. For the sake of convenience, the same reference numerals are assigned to similar components.
FIG. 1 is an external view showing an embodiment of a fish bait according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part showing a method for attaching a glittering scale according to the present embodiment, and FIGS. It is a principal part expanded sectional view which shows the adhesion method.

  Marine products as raw materials for fish food according to the present invention include seafood, seaweeds, etc., and marine wastes are unnecessary parts excluded from seafood and seaweed during processing and commercialization, such as the head of fish, These include caudal fin, midbone, internal organs, shellfish internal organs, seaweed roots, and rotten seafood. In the present invention, all of these can also be used as raw materials. In addition, marine products that are poorly stored and partially rotted and no longer suitable for food use can be used as raw materials as well, which is economical. Moreover, the fish food close | similar to the natural food adapted to the fish species to prey can be provided by selectively using the marine waste to be used.

  In addition, when recalling canned foods that have been processed edible up to the bones of fish with the nutrients intact, the bones, shells and shellfish shells processed in the process of the present invention can also serve as fish food. Shells can also be used as a specific gravity regulator for fish food. For fattening adult fish, it is necessary to feed a fish food high in fat, but the specific gravity of the fish food decreases as the fat content increases. Therefore, as a specific gravity adjusting agent, for example, scallop shell powder (true specific gravity is 2.7) is blended up to about 15% by weight as necessary.

  In the present invention, it is economically advantageous to use more marine waste such as fish residue normally handled as waste as a main raw material, which is desirable from the viewpoint of effective use of resources. However, if the raw material is only aquatic waste, the plasticization cannot be performed well, the fish feed strength is insufficient, and the decomposition and disintegration rate in water may become too fast. For this reason, it is preferable that the mixing rate of a marine waste is 20 to 60 weight% of the whole raw material, More preferably, it is 40 to 60 weight%.

  Moreover, the improvement of the strength of a fish bait, a swelling rate, and a disintegration rate can be delayed by using a polysaccharide as a connection material of marine waste. As the polysaccharide, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and the like are used. In addition, potatoes and grains containing a large amount of polysaccharides can be used as they are. The blending ratio of polysaccharides varies depending on the type of marine waste. Further, since starch, cellulose and the like have a large specific gravity of 1.5, they can be used as a bulking agent for increasing the specific gravity in the case of a material having a large amount of fat. The blending ratio of the polysaccharide is preferably 10% by weight to 60% by weight, and more preferably 10% by weight to 35% by weight of the whole raw material. As described above, it is economically advantageous to use polysaccharides such as plant-derived inexpensive starch instead of petroleum-derived plastic resin as a connecting material, and it is also friendly to the natural environment.

  In addition, a biodegradable resin can also be used in order to delay the improvement in strength, swelling rate and degradation / disintegration rate of the fish food of the present invention. As the biodegradable resin, aliphatic polyesters, aromatic polyesters or copolymerized polyesters thereof can be used.

  The fish bait of the present invention is obtained by mixing a marine waste containing a marine product and a polysaccharide, making it resin by thermoplasticizing with an extruder, and cooling it to solidify it to obtain a solid fish bait. When thermoplasticizing, thermoplasticity can be improved by adding a plasticizer. Further, the thermoplasticity can be further improved by increasing the blending ratio of the plasticizer. Edible glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol and the like can be used as the plasticizer.

  The addition of the plasticizer not only improves the thermoplasticity but also can impart flexibility to the thermoplasticized resin. For example, when the fish bait of the present invention is used in place of raw fish such as sardines and saury, which are fishing baits such as tuna longline fishing, it has moderate flexibility approximating that of a natural fish body, and the food when the predatory fish feeds It is desirable to make the feeling like a raw fish. At this time, in consideration of economy, the blending ratio of the plasticizer is preferably 5% by weight to 40% by weight, more preferably 5% by weight to 25% by weight of the whole raw material.

  Moreover, when fish oil, liver oil, shrimp oil, and squid oil are added at the time of blending the plasticizer, not only can the plasticity and flexibility be imparted to the fish food, but it becomes a nutritional component. In addition, various amino acids, amino acid mixtures, vitamins, minerals, pigments, fats, marine animal extracts, purified fish oils (oils and fats), and the like may be blended as necessary.

  Fish food must eventually be removed from normal fish habitats, and the remnant must be settled to the bottom of the river or sea. Therefore, the specific gravity of fish food must be greater than the specific gravity of fresh water and sea water, although it varies depending on the difference between fresh water and sea water. The specific gravity of fresh water varies from 1 to 0.995 depending on the water temperature, and the specific gravity of seawater varies from 1.028 to 1.020 depending on the location and water temperature. If the specific gravity of the fish food is less than 1.00, even in fresh water, it floats on the surface for a long time, and if it decays, it contaminates the fish habitat. However, if the specific gravity of the fish food exceeds 1.15, the sedimentation rate will be too fast even in seawater and the intake rate will decrease, and the amount of residue that will settle and decay will increase. It pollutes the habitat. Therefore, by adding a specific gravity adjusting agent to the fish bait to adjust the sedimentation rate, the specific gravity after water absorption is controlled from 1 to 1.15, thereby making it difficult to cause such contamination.

  The specific gravity of the fish bait is measured by placing a small piece of fish bait in a non-woven tea bag, immersing it in pure water for 1 hour, removing the adhering water with a centrifugal dehydrator, transferring it to a weighing bottle together with the tea bag, and weighing the tea bag. The subtracted weight X1 was obtained, and then the pure water W was added to the marked line and weighed to obtain the weight X2. The mass X0 of the weighing bottle, the mass W0 of pure water up to the marked line, and the capacity TV of the tea bag were obtained in advance, and the fish feed specific gravity SG after water absorption was obtained from the calculation formula SG = X1 / (W0 + X1-X2-TV).

  In the production of the fish bait according to the present invention, it is desirable that the crushing and mixing step, the sterilization or sterilization step of carbon dioxide supercritical or subcritical conditions at 100 ° C. or higher, the dehydration condensation step, and the extrusion thermoplastic molding step be continuously performed. Carbon dioxide gas becomes a supercritical state under conditions of a temperature of 31.1 ° C. or more and a pressure of 7.48 MPa or more, and a temperature of 31.1 ° C. or more and less than 7.48 MPa, or a temperature of less than 31.1 ° C., a pressure of 7 It becomes a subcritical state under the condition of 48 MPa or more. Then, a solid fish bait which is sterilized or sterilized by these steps and which is substantially free of bubbles and made into a thermoplastic resin can be obtained.

  Here, rotting means a state in which proteins, carbohydrates, fats and the like are decomposed by bacteria. Ingestion of spoiled food will cause the degradation products to adversely affect the animal's body and cause poisoning. However, in the case of the fish food of the present invention, even when a partially spoiled marine waste is used as a raw material, it is sterilized or sterilized under a supercritical or subcritical condition of carbon dioxide at 100 ° C. or higher, and then reused in a dehydration condensation process. Since it is condensed to become fish food, it can prevent decay after processing, there is no harm to the fish body, and there is no harm to the human body that ingests the fish.

  Marine waste contains a lot of moisture, but the moisture acts as a plasticizer, and unnecessary moisture is adjusted to 15% by weight or less in the dehydration condensation process. The moisture content of the fish food was determined by comparing the weight after drying in a vacuum dryer at 100 ° C. for 24 hours and the weight before drying.

  Since the fish bait of the present invention is manufactured by extrusion thermoplastic molding, the shape and size of the fish bait can be freely changed using a mold or the like, and can be adjusted according to the degree of growth of fish when given to cultured fish It is. For example, at the time of extrusion, it can be used as a fish food for fry and small fish by thermoplastic molding into powder or pellets. Moreover, since it is sterilized or sterilized and has a low moisture content, it can be stored for a long time at room temperature in a light package.

  35% by weight of raw horse mackerel, 30% by weight of corn starch, 25.2% by weight of glycerin, 2.7% by weight of lactic acid (50% aqueous solution), biodegradable resin (Ecoflex: trade name manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.) 5.9 % By weight, 0.4% by weight of saturated carbonated water (Ph = 4.5) and 0.8% by weight of refined fish oil were put into a crushing and mixing apparatus, and the pulverized and mixed slurry (slag-like mixture) was subjected to a shearing force of 145 Sterilization was performed at 3 ° C. at a temperature of 3 ° C. Thereafter, in a continuous dehydration condensation process in a reduced pressure state, the water content of the slurry is adjusted to 15% by weight, a rod-shaped plastic material is extruded from a nozzle with a diameter of 36 mm at a die pressure of 0.2 MPa, and the outside of the extruded rod-shaped plastic material. After the glitter scales 2 made of mica flakes are attached to the surface, they are press-molded with a fish-shaped mold, and the glitter scales 2 are embedded in the outer surface 1a. As shown in FIG. A smooth solid fish food 1 coated with glitter scale 2 was obtained.

In the fish-shaped fish bait 1 obtained in the above process, the glitter scale 2 was buried in the portion corresponding to the abdomen, and the contour of the surface of the fish bait 1 was finished smoothly as shown in FIG. In order to evaluate the fish bait 1 manufactured in Example 1, the fish bait 1 was attached to a fishhook for tuna longline fishing, and it was thrown into the sea in Kadokawa Port, Hyuga City, Miyazaki Prefecture, and was allowed to sink to about 2 m. Even after 3 to 4 hours had elapsed, the glitter scale 2 did not peel off from the outer surface 1a of the fish bait 1, and it was about 6 hours after complete peeling. As can be seen from the results, it was found that the fish bait 1 of Example 1 has sufficient strength as a fish bait, a good swelling rate, and a decomposition / disintegration rate.
[Comparative Example 1]

  35% by weight of raw horse mackerel, 30% by weight of corn starch, 25.2% by weight of glycerin, 2.7% by weight of lactic acid (50% aqueous solution), 5.9% by weight of biodegradable resin (Ecoflex: trade name BASF Japan Ltd.) %, Saturated carbonated water (Ph = 4.5) 0.4% by weight, refined fish oil 0.8% by weight into a crushing and mixing apparatus, and pulverized and mixed slurry (slag-like mixture) under a shearing force at 145 ° C. Sterilization was performed at 3 MPa. Then, in a continuous dehydration condensation process under reduced pressure, the water content of the slurry is adjusted to 15% by weight, a rod-shaped plastic material is extruded from a nozzle with a diameter of 36 mm at a die pressure of 0.2 MPa, and pressed with a fish-shaped mold. Molded.

Next, after the fish-shaped plastic material once cooled is heated again to 90 ° C. with a heating plate, the glitter scale 2 is attached to the outer surface 1 a and pressed again to embed the smooth solid fish bait 1. Obtained. The resulting fish-shaped fish bait 1 has a glitter scale 2 embedded in the portion corresponding to the ventral side, but on the outer surface 1a, as shown in FIG. An outer groove 1b was formed around the periphery. In order to evaluate the fish bait 1 produced in Comparative Example 1, the fish bait 1 was attached to a fishhook for tuna longline fishing, put into the sea of Kadokawa Port, Hyuga City, Miyazaki Prefecture, and allowed to sink to about 2 m. The outer surface of the fish bait 1 of Comparative Example 1 was foamed white by the ocean current and unnaturally rocked to the left and right. This is presumably because the outer groove 1b causes a turbulent flow on the outer surface 1a. Further, the buried glitter scale 2 was completely peeled off after about 1 hour. Therefore, it was found that a good swelling rate and decomposition / disintegration rate as a fish food could not be obtained, and the fish food 1 prepared by the method of Comparative Example 1 could not provide a sufficient predatory effect.
[Comparative Example 2]

  In Comparative Example 1, after the fish-shaped plastic was cooled, the glitter scale 2 was bonded using an acrylic adhesive 3 to cover the outer surface 1a. As shown in FIG. 4, the adherend portion of the glitter scale 2 was lifted from the outer surface 1 a of the fish food 1. In order to evaluate the fish bait 1 produced in Comparative Example 2, the fish bait 1 was attached to a fishhook for tuna longline fishing, put into the sea of Kadokawa Port, Hyuga City, Miyazaki Prefecture, and allowed to sink to about 2 m. The fish bait 1 of Comparative Example 2 also foamed white on the outer surface 1a due to the ocean current, and unnaturally swung from side to side. Further, the glued glitter scale 2 completely peeled off after about 2 hours. Accordingly, it was found that good swelling speed and decomposition / disintegration speed as a fish food could not be obtained, and the fish food 1 prepared by the method of Comparative Example 2 could not obtain a sufficient predatory effect.

It is an external view which shows the fish food which concerns on this invention. It is a principal part expanded sectional view which shows the adhesion method of the glitter scale which concerns on a present Example. It is a principal part expanded sectional view which shows the other adhesion method of a glittering scale. It is a principal part expanded sectional view which shows the other adhesion method of a glittering scale.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fish bait 1a Outer surface 1b Groove 2 Shiny scaly
3 Adhesive

Claims (4)

A composition comprising 20 to 60% by weight of aquatic waste containing marine products, 10 to 60% by weight of polysaccharides such as starch, and 5 to 40% by weight of edible plasticizer is formed by thermoplastic molding and is substantially free of bubbles. In the shape fish bait, the smooth solid fish bait which formed the external shape imitating a fish and coat | covered the outer surface with the glittering scale so that a smooth outline might be exhibited. The smooth solid fish food according to claim 1, wherein the glitter scale is mica. The smooth solid fish bait according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a surface area ratio of 20% to 80% is coated with glitter scale. A crushing and mixing step of a composition comprising 20 to 60% by weight of aquatic waste containing marine products, 10 to 60% by weight of a polysaccharide such as starch, and 5 to 40% by weight of an edible plasticizer; It includes a sterilization process under critical or subcritical conditions, a dehydration condensation process, an extrusion thermoplastic process, and after attaching glitter scales to the outer surface of the rod-shaped plastic material extruded by the extrusion thermoplastic processing, a fish-shaped mold A method for producing a smooth solid fish bait, which is formed by press molding and embedding the glitter scale on the fish bait surface.

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