JP2012130108A - Power supply - Google Patents

Power supply Download PDF

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JP2012130108A
JP2012130108A JP2010277275A JP2010277275A JP2012130108A JP 2012130108 A JP2012130108 A JP 2012130108A JP 2010277275 A JP2010277275 A JP 2010277275A JP 2010277275 A JP2010277275 A JP 2010277275A JP 2012130108 A JP2012130108 A JP 2012130108A
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storage battery
power supply
bypass
power
lead storage
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JP5541134B2 (en
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Atsushi Imai
敦志 今井
Narinori Saito
成則 斉藤
Hiroshi Tamura
博志 田村
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply which includes a failsafe function against failure.SOLUTION: The power supply includes: a lithium storage battery 30 (second storage battery) connected parallel to a lead storage battery; an MOS-FET 50 and 60(semiconductor switch) which are electrically connected between the lithium storage battery 30 and a power generator 10 and a lead storage battery 20, for selecting electrical conduction or shielding between the lithium storage battery 30 and the power generator 10 and the lead storage battery 20; power feeding lines 90-92 which supply power from the power generator 10 or the lead storage battery 20 to a constant voltage requirement electrical load 43 that is electrically connected on the side of lithium storage battery 30 of the MOS-FET 50 and 60; a bypass power feeding line 93 which is electrically connected to the power feeding lines 90-92 and supplies power to the constant voltage requirement electrical load 43 from the power generator 10 by bypassing the MOS-FET 50 and 60; and a bypass relay 94 (bypass opening/closing means) for selecting electrical conduction or shielding to the bypass power feeding line 93.

Description

本発明は、鉛蓄電池と、鉛蓄電池に比べて出力密度又はエネルギ密度の高い第２蓄電池（例えばリチウム蓄電池）との両蓄電池を備えた電源装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a power supply device including a lead storage battery and a secondary storage battery (for example, a lithium storage battery) having a higher output density or energy density than the lead storage battery.

内燃機関を走行駆動源とする車両には、スタータモータ等の各種電気負荷へ電力供給する鉛蓄電池が搭載されているのが一般的である。鉛蓄電池は、ニッケル蓄電池やリチウム蓄電池等の高出力・高エネルギ密度の蓄電池（高性能蓄電池）に比べて安価であるものの、頻繁な充放電（累積充放電量）に対する耐久性が低い。特にアイドルストップ機能を有した車両においては、鉛蓄電池が頻繁に放電されることとなり早期劣化が懸念される。また、車両の回生エネルギによりオルタネータを発電させて充電する車両においては、鉛蓄電池が頻繁に充電されることにもなるため、早期劣化が懸念される。これらの懸念に対し、鉛蓄電池を上記高性能蓄電池に替えただけでは、大幅なコストアップを招く。   In general, a vehicle using an internal combustion engine as a driving source is equipped with a lead storage battery for supplying electric power to various electric loads such as a starter motor. A lead storage battery is less expensive than a high output / high energy density storage battery (high performance storage battery) such as a nickel storage battery or a lithium storage battery, but has low durability against frequent charging / discharging (cumulative charging / discharging amount). Particularly in a vehicle having an idle stop function, the lead storage battery is frequently discharged, and there is a concern about early deterioration. Further, in a vehicle in which the alternator is generated by the regenerative energy of the vehicle and charged, the lead storage battery is frequently charged, so there is a concern about early deterioration. In response to these concerns, simply replacing the lead-acid battery with the above-described high-performance battery results in a significant cost increase.

そこで特許文献１〜５では、頻繁な充放電に対する耐久性の高い高性能蓄電池（第２蓄電池）と安価な鉛蓄電池との両方を、並列接続して搭載することが提案されている。すなわち、アイドルストップ中における電気負荷への電力供給や充電（特に回生充電）は、高性能蓄電池が優先的に実施することで、鉛蓄電池の劣化軽減を図る。一方、車両を駐車する場合等、長時間に亘って要求される電力供給（暗電流補給）に対しては、安価な鉛蓄電池が実施することで、高性能蓄電池を小容量化してコストアップ抑制を図る。   Therefore, Patent Documents 1 to 5 propose that both a high-performance storage battery (second storage battery) having high durability against frequent charge and discharge and an inexpensive lead storage battery are connected in parallel. That is, power supply and charging (especially regenerative charging) to the electric load during idle stop are performed preferentially by the high-performance storage battery, thereby reducing the deterioration of the lead storage battery. On the other hand, when powering a vehicle (dark current supply) required for a long time, such as when parking a vehicle, an inexpensive lead-acid battery is used to reduce the capacity of the high-performance battery and reduce costs. Plan.

特開２００７−４６５０８号公報JP 2007-46508 A 特開２００７−１３１１３４号公報JP 2007-131134 A 特開２００８−２９０５８号公報JP 2008-29058 A 特開２００８−１５５８１４号公報JP 2008-155814 A 特開２００９−１２６３９５号公報JP 2009-126395 A

上記特許文献１〜５記載の電源装置では、両蓄電池の間にＤＣＤＣコンバータを備えることを前提とするが、従来必須となっていたＤＣＤＣコンバータを不要にして十分なコストダウンを実現可能にした電源装置を、本発明者らは先に出願している（先願１：特願２００９−１５６９４７）。また、この先願１にかかる発明（先願発明１）を改良した発明も既に出願している（先願２：特願２００９−２２３９４７、先願３：特願２０１０−１０１８２９）。しかし、これら先願２，３にかかる発明（先願発明２，３）を実施しようとすると、ＤＣＤＣコンバータを備えることを前提とした従来装置では生じなかった新たな問題が生じることが分かった。   In the power supply devices described in Patent Documents 1 to 5, it is assumed that a DCDC converter is provided between both storage batteries. However, a power supply that can realize a sufficient cost reduction by eliminating the DCDC converter that has been conventionally required. The present inventors have previously filed an apparatus (prior application 1: Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-156947). In addition, inventions that improve the invention according to the prior application 1 (the prior application invention 1) have already been filed (the prior application 2: Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-223947, the prior application 3: Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-101829). However, when trying to implement the inventions according to the prior applications 2 and 3 (previous inventions 2 and 3), it has been found that there arises a new problem that did not occur in the conventional apparatus premised on the provision of the DCDC converter.

この新たな問題を解決するのが本発明であり、以下、先願発明１〜３の概要を説明するとともに前記新たな問題について説明する。   The present invention solves this new problem. Hereinafter, the outlines of the first to third inventions will be described and the new problem will be described.

＜先願発明１の概要＞
ここで、蓄電池が過充電や過放電の状態になると早期劣化が懸念される。したがって、充電状態を表すＳＯＣ（State of charge：満充電時の充電量に対する充電量の割合）が過充放電とならない範囲（ＳＯＣ使用範囲）となるよう蓄電池を使用することが望ましい。そして、ＳＯＣに応じて蓄電池の開放電圧は異なる値となるが、鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣ使用範囲における開放電圧（例えば１２．７Ｖ〜１２．８Ｖ）と、高性能蓄電池のＳＯＣ使用範囲における開放電圧とは一致しないのが通常である。 <Outline of invention 1 of prior application>
Here, if the storage battery is overcharged or overdischarged, there is a concern about early deterioration. Therefore, it is desirable to use the storage battery so that the SOC (State of charge: the ratio of the charge amount with respect to the charge amount at the time of full charge) representing the state of charge falls within a range where the overcharge / discharge is not caused (SOC use range). And although the open circuit voltage of a storage battery becomes a different value according to SOC, the open circuit voltage (for example, 12.7V-12.8V) in the SOC use range of a lead storage battery and the open circuit voltage in the SOC use range of a high performance storage battery are Usually it does not match.

すると、両蓄電池は並列接続されているため、放電時において、端子電圧Ｖｄ（以下の式１参照）の高い側の蓄電池から低い側の蓄電池へ電流が流れ込み、ＳＯＣ使用範囲から外れた過充電状態になることが懸念される。なお、放電電流をＩｄ、蓄電池の内部抵抗をＲ、蓄電池の開放電圧をＶ０とすると、放電時における蓄電池の端子電圧Ｖｄは「Ｖｄ＝Ｖ０−Ｉｄ×Ｒ」といった式１で表される。   Then, since both the storage batteries are connected in parallel, at the time of discharging, an electric current flows from the storage battery on the higher side of the terminal voltage Vd (see Equation 1 below) to the storage battery on the lower side, and the overcharged state is out of the SOC usage range. There is concern about becoming. When the discharge current is Id, the internal resistance of the storage battery is R, and the open voltage of the storage battery is V0, the terminal voltage Vd of the storage battery at the time of discharge is expressed by Equation 1 such as “Vd = V0−Id × R”.

そこで上記特許文献１〜５記載の電源装置では、両蓄電池の間にＤＣＤＣコンバータを備え、高い電圧となっている側の蓄電池（主に高機能蓄電池）の端子電圧をＤＣＤＣコンバータにより調整することで、低い電圧となっている側の蓄電池（主に鉛蓄電池）に高機能蓄電池から電流が流れ込むことを回避して、鉛蓄電池の過充電を回避させている。   Therefore, in the power supply devices described in Patent Documents 1 to 5, a DCDC converter is provided between the storage batteries, and the terminal voltage of the storage battery (mainly a high-performance storage battery) on the side having a high voltage is adjusted by the DCDC converter. In this way, current is prevented from flowing from the high-performance storage battery to the storage battery (mainly lead storage battery) on the low voltage side, thereby avoiding overcharging of the lead storage battery.

しかしながら、ＤＣＤＣコンバータは高価なものであるため、ＤＣＤＣコンバータを備えることが必須となっている上記電源装置では、コストダウンを十分に図ることができなかった。   However, since the DCDC converter is expensive, the above-described power supply apparatus in which it is essential to provide the DCDC converter cannot sufficiently reduce the cost.

そこで先願発明１では、鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣ使用範囲と高性能蓄電池のＳＯＣ使用範囲とで、鉛蓄電池の開放電圧と高性能蓄電池の開放電圧とが一致するポイントが存在するように、鉛蓄電池及び高性能蓄電池の開放電圧及び内部抵抗を設定している。これによれば、従来必須となっていたＤＣＤＣコンバータを廃止しつつも、鉛蓄電池が過充電状態になるおそれを抑制できる。よって、上記ＤＣＤＣコンバータを不要にして十分なコストダウンを図ることができる。   Accordingly, in the first invention 1, the lead storage battery and the high performance storage battery have a point where the open circuit voltage of the lead storage battery and the open circuit voltage of the high performance storage battery coincide with each other in the SOC use range of the lead storage battery and the SOC use range of the high performance storage battery. The open-circuit voltage and internal resistance of the high-performance storage battery are set. According to this, it is possible to suppress the possibility that the lead-acid battery will be in an overcharged state while abolishing the DCDC converter which has been conventionally required. Therefore, the DCDC converter is not required and a sufficient cost reduction can be achieved.

＜先願発明２，３の概要＞
しかし、先願発明１では、鉛蓄電池（及び発電機）と高性能蓄電池とが、ＤＣＤＣコンバータを介することなく直接接続されるので、鉛蓄電池を電力供給源として作動するよう配置されたスタータモータへ、高性能蓄電池から電流が流れ込んでしまい、高性能蓄電池が過放電になることが懸念される。 <Overview of Inventions 2 and 3>
However, in the first invention, since the lead storage battery (and the generator) and the high performance storage battery are directly connected without going through the DCDC converter, the starter motor arranged to operate using the lead storage battery as a power supply source. There is a concern that current flows from the high-performance storage battery and the high-performance storage battery becomes overdischarged.

そこで先願発明２，３では、鉛蓄電池（及び発電機）と高性能蓄電池との間に半導体スイッチを設け、スタータモータ駆動時には半導体スイッチをオフ作動させる。これによれば、高性能蓄電池からスタータモータへ電流が流れ込むことを回避でき、高性能蓄電池が過放電になることの懸念を解消できる。   In the prior inventions 2 and 3, a semiconductor switch is provided between the lead storage battery (and the generator) and the high performance storage battery, and the semiconductor switch is turned off when the starter motor is driven. According to this, it can avoid that an electric current flows into a starter motor from a high performance storage battery, and the concern that a high performance storage battery will be overdischarged can be eliminated.

＜先願発明２，３において新たに生じる問題＞
しかし、先願発明２，３では、半導体スイッチの作動を制御する制御手段が故障した場合や、半導体スイッチ自体が故障した場合等、半導体スイッチを通電作動させることができなくなる場合に、高性能蓄電池を充電できなくなってしまう。すると、高性能蓄電池を電力供給源として作動するよう配置された電気負荷へは、高性能蓄電池から電力供給できなくなることは勿論のこと、発電機及び鉛蓄電池からも電力供給できなくなるので、前記電気負荷を作動させることができなくなる、といった問題が生じる。 <New problems arising in inventions 2 and 3>
However, in the prior inventions 2 and 3, the high-performance storage battery is used when the semiconductor switch cannot be energized when the control means for controlling the operation of the semiconductor switch fails or when the semiconductor switch itself fails. Will not be able to charge. Then, the electric load arranged to operate with the high-performance storage battery as a power supply source cannot be supplied with power from the high-performance storage battery, and also cannot be supplied from the generator and the lead storage battery. There arises a problem that the load cannot be operated.

ちなみに、鉛蓄電池（及び発電機）と高性能蓄電池とがＤＣＤＣコンバータを介して接続されていた従来装置では、ＤＣＤＣコンバータが故障しても、昇圧ができなくなるだけで通電は可能である。そのため、前記電気負荷へは発電機及び鉛蓄電池からの電力供給が確保されるので、前記問題が生じることはない。つまり、先願発明２，３においては、半導体スイッチを通電作動できなくなる故障が生じた場合、前記電気負荷を作動できなくなるといった問題が新たに生じる。   Incidentally, in the conventional apparatus in which the lead storage battery (and the generator) and the high performance storage battery are connected via the DCDC converter, even if the DCDC converter breaks down, it can be energized only by being unable to boost the voltage. Therefore, since the electric power supply from a generator and a lead storage battery is ensured with respect to the said electrical load, the said problem does not arise. That is, in the prior inventions 2 and 3, when a failure occurs in which the semiconductor switch cannot be energized, there arises a new problem that the electric load cannot be activated.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたものであり、その目的は、故障に対するフェールセーフ機能が付与された電源装置を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a power supply device provided with a fail-safe function against a failure.

以下、上記課題を解決するための手段、及びその作用効果について記載する。   Hereinafter, means for solving the above-described problems and the operation and effects thereof will be described.

請求項１記載の発明では、発電機による発電電力を充電可能な鉛蓄電池と、前記鉛蓄電池に対して電気的に並列接続され、前記発電電力を充電可能であり、かつ、前記鉛蓄電池に比べて出力密度又はエネルギ密度の高い第２蓄電池と、前記発電機及び前記鉛蓄電池と前記第２蓄電池との間に電気接続され、前記発電機及び前記鉛蓄電池と、前記第２蓄電池との通電及び遮断を切り替える半導体スイッチと、前記半導体スイッチに対して前記第２蓄電池の側に電気接続された電気負荷及び前記第２蓄電池へ、前記発電機又は前記鉛蓄電池から電力供給する給電線と、前記給電線に電気接続され、前記半導体スイッチをバイパスして前記発電機又は前記鉛蓄電池から前記電気負荷へ給電するバイパス給電線と、前記バイパス給電線の通電及び遮断を切り替えるバイパス開閉手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。   In the first aspect of the present invention, the lead storage battery capable of charging the power generated by the generator and the lead storage battery are electrically connected in parallel to each other and can be charged with the generated power, and compared to the lead storage battery. A second storage battery having a high output density or energy density, and being electrically connected between the generator, the lead storage battery, and the second storage battery, and energizing the generator, the lead storage battery, and the second storage battery, and A semiconductor switch for switching off, an electric load electrically connected to the second storage battery with respect to the semiconductor switch, and a power supply line for supplying power from the generator or the lead storage battery to the second storage battery, and the power supply A bypass feed line that is electrically connected to an electric wire, bypasses the semiconductor switch and feeds power from the generator or the lead storage battery to the electrical load, and energization and interruption of the bypass feed line A bypass closing means for switching, characterized in that it comprises a.

上記発明によれば、半導体スイッチをバイパスして発電機又は鉛蓄電池から電気負荷へ給電するバイパス給電線を備えるので、電気負荷へ電力供給できなくなる故障時にはバイパス給電線を通電させれば、前記故障が生じても電気負荷への電力供給を確保できる。   According to the above invention, since the bypass power supply line that feeds power from the generator or the lead storage battery to the electrical load by bypassing the semiconductor switch is provided, if the bypass power supply line is energized at the time of failure that prevents power supply to the electrical load, the failure Even if this occurs, the power supply to the electric load can be secured.

また、バイパス給電線にバイパス開閉手段を設け、故障が生じていない通常時にはバイパス給電線を遮断させるようにすれば、通常時には半導体スイッチにより給電線の通電及び遮断を制御できる。以上により、上記発明によれば、半導体スイッチの作動を制御する手段（半導体スイッチ制御手段）の故障や半導体スイッチ自体の故障等に対するフェールセーフ機能を付与できる。   Further, if a bypass power supply means is provided in the bypass power supply line so that the bypass power supply line is cut off at a normal time when no failure occurs, the power supply line can be energized and cut off by a semiconductor switch at the normal time. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fail-safe function against a failure of a means (semiconductor switch control means) for controlling the operation of the semiconductor switch, a failure of the semiconductor switch itself, or the like.

請求項２記載の発明では、前記バイパス開閉手段は、ノーマリクローズ式の電磁リレーであることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the bypass opening / closing means is a normally closed electromagnetic relay.

バイパス開閉手段に電磁リレーを採用した場合において、その電磁リレーの作動を制御する手段（バイパス制御手段）が故障することも考えられる。そして、例えば電源装置が水没した場合等、バイパス制御手段及び半導体スイッチ制御手段が同時に故障することも考えられ、その場合にバイパス給電線を通電できなければ、上記フェールセーフ機能を発揮できなくなる。   When an electromagnetic relay is employed as the bypass opening / closing means, it is conceivable that the means for controlling the operation of the electromagnetic relay (bypass control means) may fail. For example, when the power supply device is submerged, the bypass control unit and the semiconductor switch control unit may fail at the same time. If the bypass power supply line cannot be energized in that case, the fail-safe function cannot be exhibited.

この点を鑑みた上記発明では、ノーマリクローズ式の電磁リレーを採用するので、例えばバイパス制御手段及び半導体スイッチ制御手段が同時に故障した場合であっても、バイパス給電線を通電できるので、上記フェールセーフ機能を発揮できる。   In the above invention in view of this point, a normally closed electromagnetic relay is adopted, so that even if the bypass control means and the semiconductor switch control means fail at the same time, for example, the bypass feeder can be energized. The safe function can be demonstrated.

請求項３記載の発明では、前記第２蓄電池と前記給電線との通電及び遮断を切り替える第２蓄電池用スイッチを備え、前記バイパス開閉手段が通電作動している時には、前記第２蓄電池と前記給電線との通電を遮断させるよう前記第２蓄電池用スイッチが遮断作動することを特徴とする。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a second storage battery switch for switching between energization and interruption between the second storage battery and the power supply line, and when the bypass opening / closing means is energized, the second storage battery and the power supply are switched. The second storage battery switch is cut off so as to cut off the power supply to the electric wire.

ここで、バイパス給電線を通電させてフェールセーフを機能させている時に、上記発明に反して第２蓄電池と給電線とを通電状態にしておくと、バイパス給電線から給電線を介して第２蓄電池へ電流が流れ込み、第２蓄電池が過充電に陥ることが懸念される。また、バイパス給電線は、電気負荷が要する小電流（例えば１０Ａ）を流すことを想定した規格で設計することが妥当であるが、上述の如く第２蓄電池へ電流が流れ込むと、バイパス給電線に大電流（例えば１００Ａ）が流れることとなり、バイパス給電線を大電流対応の規格で設計しなければならなくなる。   Here, when the bypass power supply line is energized and the fail safe is functioning, if the second storage battery and the power supply line are kept in an energized state contrary to the above-described invention, the second power supply from the bypass power supply line via the power supply line is performed. There is a concern that current flows into the storage battery and the second storage battery is overcharged. In addition, it is appropriate to design the bypass power supply line based on a standard that assumes that a small current (for example, 10 A) required by the electric load flows. However, when the current flows into the second storage battery as described above, A large current (for example, 100 A) flows, and the bypass power supply line must be designed with a standard corresponding to the large current.

これらの点を鑑みた上記発明によれば、バイパス給電線の通電時には、第２蓄電池と給電線との通電を遮断させるよう第２蓄電池用スイッチを遮断作動させるので、上述した第２蓄電池の過充電の懸念を解消できるとともに、バイパス給電線を小電流用の低規格で設計できる。   According to the above invention in view of these points, when the bypass power supply line is energized, the second storage battery switch is operated to shut off the energization between the second storage battery and the power supply line. In addition to eliminating charging concerns, the bypass feeder can be designed with low standards for small currents.

請求項４記載の発明では、前記第２蓄電池用スイッチの遮断作動は、前記バイパス開閉手段の遮断作動から通電作動への切り替えが完了した後に実施させることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the second storage battery switch cutoff operation is performed after the switching of the bypass opening / closing means from the cutoff operation to the energization operation is completed.

これによれば、給電線及びバイパス給電線のいずれもが同時に遮断状態になることを回避できるので、両給電線からの電気負荷への給電が途絶えて瞬断することを回避できる。   According to this, since it is possible to avoid both of the power supply line and the bypass power supply line from being simultaneously cut off, it is possible to avoid interruption of power supply to the electric load from both power supply lines and instantaneous interruption.

請求項５記載の発明では、前記給電線のうち、前記半導体スイッチの作動を制御する制御手段へ電力供給するよう分岐する点を制御手段用給電分岐点とした場合において、前記バイパス給電線のうち前記発電機の側に接続される一端を、前記給電線のうち前記制御手段用給電分岐点よりも前記発電機の側に接続したことを特徴とする。   According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, when the power supply branch point for supplying power to the control means for controlling the operation of the semiconductor switch is set as a power supply branch point for the control means, One end connected to the generator side is connected to the generator side of the feeder branch point of the control means in the feeder line.

ここで、給電線は、複数のハーネスやそれらのハーネスを接続するコネクタ等により構成されているが、特にコネクタ部分での接触不良による通電故障が懸念される。そのため、給電線のうちバイパス給電線によりバイパスされない部分には、コネクタの数ができるだけ少なく存在するように、バイパス給電線の両端を離して給電線に接続することで、バイパス給電線の通電時に通電故障のコネクタを介さずに電気負荷へ電力供給できるようにすることが望ましい。   Here, the power supply line is composed of a plurality of harnesses, connectors for connecting these harnesses, and the like, but there is a concern of energization failure due to poor contact particularly at the connector portion. For this reason, when the bypass power supply line is energized, the parts of the power supply line that are not bypassed by the bypass power supply line are connected to the power supply line by separating both ends of the bypass power supply line so that there are as few connectors as possible. It is desirable to be able to supply power to an electrical load without going through a faulty connector.

この点を鑑みた上記発明では、バイパス給電線のうち発電機の側に接続される一端を制御手段用給電分岐点よりも発電機の側に接続するので、制御手段用給電分岐点よりも電気負荷の側に接続する場合に比べて、バイパス給電線の両端を離して給電線に接続することができる。   In the above invention in view of this point, since one end of the bypass power supply line connected to the generator side is connected to the generator side from the power supply branch point for the control means, it is more electrically connected than the power supply branch point for the control means. Compared to the case of connecting to the load side, both ends of the bypass power supply line can be separated and connected to the power supply line.

また、請求項６記載の発明では、前記給電線のうち、前記第２蓄電池へ電力供給するよう分岐する点を第２蓄電池用給電分岐点とした場合において、前記バイパス給電線のうち前記電気負荷の側に接続される一端を、前記給電線のうち前記第２蓄電池用給電分岐点よりも前記電気負荷の側に接続したことを特徴とする。   According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, when the point of branching to supply power to the second storage battery is the second power storage branch point of the power storage line, the electrical load of the bypass power supply line One end connected to the power supply side is connected to the electric load side of the power supply line with respect to the power supply branch point for the second storage battery.

これによれば、バイパス給電線のうち電気負荷の側に接続される一端を、第２蓄電池用給電分岐点よりも前記電気負荷の側に接続するので、第２蓄電池用給電分岐点よりも発電機の側に接続する場合に比べて、バイパス給電線の両端を離して給電線に接続することができる。   According to this, since one end connected to the electric load side of the bypass power supply line is connected to the electric load side from the second storage battery power supply branch point, power generation is performed from the second storage battery power supply branch point. Compared with the case of connecting to the machine side, both ends of the bypass power supply line can be separated and connected to the power supply line.

請求項７記載の発明では、前記半導体スイッチ及び前記バイパス開閉手段が実装されるとともに、前記給電線の一部及び前記バイパス給電線が電気接続される基板と、前記基板を内部に収容する筐体と、を備え、前記給電線の一部は、前記筐体に設けられた筐体端子と前記基板に設けられた基板端子とを電気接続するハーネスにより構成されており、前記バイパス給電線のうち前記発電機の側に接続される一端、及び前記電気負荷の側に接続される一端の少なくとも一方は、前記基板端子に電気接続されていることを特徴とする。   According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the semiconductor switch and the bypass opening / closing means are mounted, a substrate to which a part of the power supply line and the bypass power supply line are electrically connected, and a housing that houses the substrate therein. And a part of the power supply line is configured by a harness that electrically connects a housing terminal provided on the housing and a board terminal provided on the substrate, At least one of the one end connected to the generator side and the one end connected to the electric load side is electrically connected to the board terminal.

半導体スイッチ及びバイパス開閉手段を１つの基板に実装させて基板数低減を図り、当該基板を筐体に収容して構成することが現実的な構成として考えられる。そしてこの場合には、給電線を接続する端子（筐体端子）を筐体に設け、基板に設けられた端子（基板端子）と筐体端子とをハーネスで接続することが必要となる。   It is conceivable as a realistic configuration that the semiconductor switch and the bypass opening / closing means are mounted on one substrate to reduce the number of substrates, and the substrate is accommodated in a housing. In this case, it is necessary to provide a terminal (housing terminal) for connecting the power supply line to the housing, and connect the terminal (board terminal) provided on the substrate and the housing terminal with a harness.

このような構成を前提とした上記発明では、バイパス給電線を基板端子に接続するので、バイパス給電線を基板に接続する場合において、バイパス給電線の両端をできるだけ離して給電線に接続することができる。   In the above invention based on such a configuration, since the bypass power supply line is connected to the board terminal, when connecting the bypass power supply line to the board, both ends of the bypass power supply line can be connected to the power supply line as far as possible. it can.

請求項８記載の発明では、前記半導体スイッチは複数備えられており、これら複数の半導体スイッチを、当該半導体スイッチに存在する寄生ダイオードが逆向きになるよう直列に接続して構成されていることを特徴とする。   According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of the semiconductor switches are provided, and the plurality of semiconductor switches are connected in series so that parasitic diodes existing in the semiconductor switches are reversed. Features.

上記発明に反して半導体スイッチを１つにすると、次の問題が生じる。すなわち、一般的なＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ等の半導体スイッチは、その内部構造上必然的に寄生ダイオードを有する。すると、半導体スイッチをオフさせていても、寄生ダイオードによる障壁電圧以上の電位差が半導体スイッチに生じると、寄生ダイオードを通じて電流が流れてしまう。よって、第２蓄電池の過充電や過放電が懸念されるようになる。   Contrary to the above invention, when one semiconductor switch is used, the following problem occurs. That is, a general semiconductor switch such as a MOS-FET inevitably has a parasitic diode due to its internal structure. Then, even if the semiconductor switch is turned off, if a potential difference higher than the barrier voltage due to the parasitic diode occurs in the semiconductor switch, a current flows through the parasitic diode. Therefore, overcharge and overdischarge of the second storage battery are concerned.

これに対し上記発明では、複数の半導体スイッチを、寄生ダイオードが逆向きになるよう直列に接続するので、両半導体スイッチをオフさせておけば、発電機及び鉛蓄電池と第２蓄電池との通電を確実に遮断できるので、上記懸念を解消できる。   On the other hand, in the above invention, a plurality of semiconductor switches are connected in series so that the parasitic diodes are opposite to each other. Therefore, if both semiconductor switches are turned off, the generator, the lead storage battery and the second storage battery are energized. Since it can be surely shut off, the above concerns can be resolved.

なお、半導体スイッチを１つ備えるようにすれば、半導体スイッチを通電作動できない故障が生じたとしても、寄生ダイオードを通じて鉛蓄電池から電気負荷へ給電できるようになるので、フェールセーフの機能を発揮するとも言える。しかしその背反として、第２蓄電池の過充電や過放電が懸念されるようになる。   If one semiconductor switch is provided, even if a failure that prevents the semiconductor switch from energizing occurs, power can be supplied from the lead storage battery to the electrical load through the parasitic diode, so that the fail-safe function can be exhibited. I can say that. However, as a contradiction, overcharge and overdischarge of the second storage battery are concerned.

したがって上記発明は、半導体スイッチを複数備えることで第２蓄電池の過充放電回避を図るとともに、半導体スイッチを複数備えることで顕著となった問題、つまり故障時に電気負荷へ給電できなくなるといった問題を、バイパス給電線及びバイパス開閉手段を備えることで解決する発明であると言える。   Therefore, the above invention aims to avoid overcharging / discharging of the second storage battery by providing a plurality of semiconductor switches, and the problem that becomes prominent by providing a plurality of semiconductor switches, that is, the problem that it becomes impossible to supply power to the electrical load at the time of failure, It can be said that the invention is solved by providing the bypass power supply line and the bypass opening / closing means.

請求項９記載の発明では、前記第２蓄電池、前記半導体スイッチ、及び前記半導体スイッチの作動を制御する制御手段を共通の筐体に収容して構成され、前記発電機、前記鉛蓄電池及び前記電気負荷と電気接続するコネクタを有した電池パックを備え、前記電池パックが、車両のうちエンジンルームの外部に配置されていることを特徴とする。   In a ninth aspect of the present invention, the second storage battery, the semiconductor switch, and a control means for controlling the operation of the semiconductor switch are housed in a common housing, and the generator, the lead storage battery, and the electrical switch are controlled. A battery pack having a connector electrically connected to a load is provided, and the battery pack is disposed outside the engine room of the vehicle.

これによれば、発電機、各種電気負荷及び鉛蓄電池を備えて構成される既存の電源装置に、電池パックを追加する作業を実施して、鉛蓄電池に第２蓄電池を並列接続した上記発明にかかる電源装置に変更することができる。よって、既存の電源装置に対してハード的に設計変更が要求される変更点を少なくできる。   According to this, the work which adds a battery pack to the existing power supply device comprised with a generator, various electric loads, and a lead storage battery is implemented, and the second storage battery is connected in parallel to the lead storage battery. It can change to such a power supply device. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the number of changes that require a hardware design change for the existing power supply device.

また、上記発明にかかる電源装置を車両に搭載する場合において、鉛蓄電池はエンジンルームに配置されるのが一般的であるが、第２蓄電池は熱に弱いため、電池パックをエンジンルームの外に配置することが要求される。そのため、車室内の乗員座席シートの下方や、コンソールボックスの下方が、電池パックの配置の有力候補となる。   In addition, when the power supply device according to the above invention is mounted on a vehicle, the lead storage battery is generally arranged in the engine room. However, since the second storage battery is vulnerable to heat, the battery pack is placed outside the engine room. It is required to be placed. Therefore, the lower part of the passenger seat in the passenger compartment and the lower part of the console box are potential candidates for the battery pack arrangement.

しかし、このようにシートの下方等に電池パックを配置すると、車室の床上まで車両が浸水した場合には、筐体内部に水が浸入して、半導体スイッチの作動を制御する制御手段（半導体スイッチ制御手段）が故障することが懸念されるようになる。   However, when the battery pack is arranged below the seat or the like in this way, when the vehicle is inundated to the floor of the passenger compartment, the water enters the inside of the housing and controls the semiconductor switch (semiconductor). There is a concern that the switch control means) will break down.

よって、このようにエンジンルームの外部に電池パックを配置した電源装置に、バイパス給電線及びバイパス開閉手段を備えさせた上記発明によれば、半導体スイッチ制御手段が故障した場合のフェールセーフ機能を、好適に発揮させることができる。   Therefore, according to the above-described invention in which the power supply device having the battery pack arranged outside the engine room is provided with the bypass power supply line and the bypass opening / closing means, the fail-safe function when the semiconductor switch control means fails, It can be suitably exhibited.

本発明の一実施形態にかかる電源装置を示す電気ブロック図。The electric block diagram which shows the power supply device concerning one Embodiment of this invention. 図１の電源装置において、回生充電時の作動を示す図。The figure which shows the action | operation at the time of regenerative charge in the power supply device of FIG. 図１の電源装置において、自動再始動時の作動を示す図。The figure which shows the action | operation at the time of automatic restart in the power supply device of FIG. 図１の電源装置において、アイドルストップ時（Ｖｄ(Pb)＞Ｖｄ(Li)）の作動を示す図。The figure which shows the action | operation at the time of idle stop (Vd (Pb)> Vd (Li)) in the power supply device of FIG. 図１の電源装置において、アイドルストップ時（Ｖｄ(Pb)≦Ｖｄ(Li)）の作動を示す図。The figure which shows the operation | movement at the time of idle stop (Vd (Pb) <= Vd (Li)) in the power supply device of FIG. 図１の電源装置において、マイコン故障時の、定電圧要求電気負荷への給電経路を説明する図である。In the power supply device of FIG. 1, it is a figure explaining the electric power feeding path | route to the constant voltage request | requirement electric load at the time of microcomputer failure. 図１の電源装置において、電池パックの詳細構造を示す電気ブロック図である。FIG. 2 is an electric block diagram showing a detailed structure of a battery pack in the power supply device of FIG. 1. 図１の電源装置において、バイパス給電線の接続点の位置をより詳細に示した電池パックの模式図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack showing in more detail the position of a connection point of a bypass power supply line in the power supply device of FIG. 1. 図１の電源装置において、電池パックの車両Ｖへの搭載位置を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a mounting position of a battery pack on a vehicle V in the power supply device of FIG. 1.

以下、本発明を具体化した一実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。本実施形態にかかる電源装置は車両Ｖ（図９参照）に搭載されており、当該車両Ｖは内燃機関Ｅを駆動源として走行するものである。また、所定の自動停止条件を満たした場合に内燃機関Ｅを自動停止させ、所定の自動再始動条件を満たした場合に内燃機関Ｅを自動再始動させる、アイドルストップ機能を有する。なお、内燃機関Ｅの始動時にクランク軸を回転させるスタータモータは搭載されているものの、車両走行をアシストする走行用モータは搭載されていない。   DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The power supply device according to the present embodiment is mounted on a vehicle V (see FIG. 9), and the vehicle V runs using the internal combustion engine E as a drive source. Further, the engine has an idle stop function of automatically stopping the internal combustion engine E when a predetermined automatic stop condition is satisfied, and automatically restarting the internal combustion engine E when a predetermined automatic restart condition is satisfied. Although a starter motor that rotates the crankshaft when the internal combustion engine E is started is mounted, a travel motor that assists vehicle travel is not mounted.

図１に示すように、当該車両Ｖには、以下に説明するオルタネータ１０（発電機）、レギュレータ１１（発電制御手段）、鉛蓄電池２０、リチウム蓄電池３０（第２蓄電池）、各種の電気負荷４１，４２，４３、２つのＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０（半導体スイッチ）及びＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０（第２蓄電池用スイッチ）が搭載されており、これら鉛蓄電池２０、リチウム蓄電池３０及び電気負荷４１〜４３はオルタネータ１０に対して並列に電気接続されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle V includes an alternator 10 (generator), a regulator 11 (power generation control means), a lead storage battery 20, a lithium storage battery 30 (second storage battery), and various electric loads 41 described below. , 42, 43, two MOS-FETs 50, 60 (semiconductor switch) and Li storage battery relay 70 (second storage battery switch) are mounted, and the lead storage battery 20, lithium storage battery 30, and electric loads 41 to 43 are alternators. 10 is electrically connected in parallel.

ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０は、オルタネータ１０及び鉛蓄電池２０と、リチウム蓄電池３０との間に配置されており、オルタネータ１０及び鉛蓄電池２０に対するリチウム蓄電池３０の通電（オン）と遮断（オフ）を切り替えるスイッチとして機能する。   The MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are disposed between the alternator 10 and the lead storage battery 20 and the lithium storage battery 30, and are switches that switch between energization (on) and shutoff (off) of the lithium storage battery 30 with respect to the alternator 10 and the lead storage battery 20. Function as.

また、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０は、その内部構造上必然的に整流手段を有していると言える。すなわち、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０の内部回路は、半導体スイッチ部５２，６２と寄生ダイオード５１，６１（整流手段）とを並列接続した回路と等価であると言える。なお、半導体スイッチ部５２，６２のゲートへの入力信号は電子制御装置（ＥＣＵ８０）により制御される。つまり、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０のオン作動（通電作動）とオフ作動（遮断作動）とは、電子コントロールユニット（ＥＣＵ８０）により切り替えられるよう制御される。   Further, it can be said that the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 necessarily have rectifying means due to their internal structure. That is, it can be said that the internal circuit of the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 is equivalent to a circuit in which the semiconductor switch units 52 and 62 and the parasitic diodes 51 and 61 (rectifying means) are connected in parallel. An input signal to the gates of the semiconductor switch sections 52 and 62 is controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU 80). That is, the on-operation (energization operation) and off-operation (shut-off operation) of the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are controlled to be switched by the electronic control unit (ECU 80).

２つのＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０は、寄生ダイオード５１，６１が互いに逆向きになるよう直列に接続されている。そのため、２つのＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオフ作動させた場合において、寄生ダイオード５１，６１を通じて電流が流れることを完全に遮断できる。よって、２つのＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオフ作動させれば、リチウム蓄電池３０から鉛蓄電池２０の側に放電されることも回避でき、鉛蓄電池２０の側からリチウム蓄電池３０へ充電されることも回避できる。   The two MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are connected in series so that the parasitic diodes 51 and 61 are opposite to each other. Therefore, when the two MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are turned off, the current can be completely blocked from flowing through the parasitic diodes 51 and 61. Therefore, if the two MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are turned off, it is possible to avoid discharging from the lithium storage battery 30 to the lead storage battery 20 side, and to avoid charging the lithium storage battery 30 from the lead storage battery 20 side. it can.

Ｌｉ蓄電池リレー７０は機械式接点を有する電磁リレーであり、整流手段を有することのないものである。そして、Ｌｉ蓄電池リレー７０のオン作動（通電作動）とオフ作動（遮断作動）とは、ＥＣＵ８０により切り替えられるよう制御される。このＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０は緊急時用であり、通常時は、ＥＣＵ８０からの励磁電流を常時出力させてオン作動させておく。そして、以下に例示する緊急時には、励磁電流の出力を停止してＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０をオフ作動させて、リチウム蓄電池３０の過充電及び過放電の回避を図る。   The Li storage battery relay 70 is an electromagnetic relay having a mechanical contact and does not have a rectifying means. The on-operation (energization operation) and off-operation (shut-off operation) of the Li storage battery relay 70 are controlled to be switched by the ECU 80. The Li storage battery relay 70 is for emergency use, and normally, the excitation current from the ECU 80 is always output to be turned on. In an emergency illustrated below, the output of the excitation current is stopped and the Li storage battery relay 70 is turned off to avoid overcharge and overdischarge of the lithium storage battery 30.

例えば、レギュレータ１１が故障して設定電圧Ｖｒｅｇが異常に高くなる場合には、リチウム蓄電池３０が過充電の状態になることが懸念される。この場合にはＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０をオフ作動させる。   For example, when the regulator 11 breaks down and the set voltage Vreg becomes abnormally high, there is a concern that the lithium storage battery 30 may be overcharged. In this case, the Li storage battery relay 70 is turned off.

また、オルタネータ１０の故障やＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０の故障によりリチウム蓄電池３０へ充電ができなくなる場合には、リチウム蓄電池３０が過放電になることが懸念される。この場合にもＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０をオフ作動させる。   Further, when the lithium storage battery 30 cannot be charged due to the failure of the alternator 10 or the failure of the MOS-FETs 50 and 60, there is a concern that the lithium storage battery 30 is overdischarged. Also in this case, the Li storage battery relay 70 is turned off.

また、ノーマリオープン式の電磁リレーをＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０として採用している。したがって、ＥＣＵ８０が故障してＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０の作動を制御できなくなった場合には、Ｌｉ蓄電池リレー７０は自動的に開作動して通電を遮断する。   Further, a normally open type electromagnetic relay is employed as the Li storage battery relay 70. Therefore, when the ECU 80 fails and the operation of the Li storage battery relay 70 cannot be controlled, the Li storage battery relay 70 is automatically opened to cut off the energization.

電気負荷４１〜４３のうち符号４３に示す負荷は、供給電力の電圧が概ね一定、又は少なくとも所定範囲内で変動するよう安定であることが要求される定電圧要求電気負荷４３であり、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０に対してリチウム蓄電池３０の側に電気接続される。これにより、定電圧要求電気負荷４３への電力供給は、リチウム蓄電池３０が分担することとなる。   The load indicated by reference numeral 43 among the electric loads 41 to 43 is a constant voltage required electric load 43 that is required to be stable so that the voltage of the supplied power is substantially constant or at least fluctuates within a predetermined range. The FETs 50 and 60 are electrically connected to the lithium storage battery 30 side. Thereby, the lithium storage battery 30 shares the power supply to the constant voltage demand electric load 43.

定電圧要求電気負荷４３の具体例としてはナビゲーション装置やオーディオ装置が挙げられる。例えば、供給電力の電圧が一定ではなく大きく変動している場合、或いは前記所定範囲を超えて大きく変動している場合には、電圧が瞬時的に最低動作電圧よりも低下して、ナビゲーション装置等の作動がリセットする不具合が生じる。そこで、定電圧要求電気負荷４３へ供給される電力は、電圧が最低動作電圧よりも低下することのない一定の値に安定していることが要求される。   Specific examples of the constant voltage demand electric load 43 include a navigation device and an audio device. For example, when the voltage of the supplied power is not constant but fluctuates greatly, or fluctuates greatly beyond the predetermined range, the voltage instantaneously drops below the minimum operating voltage, and the navigation device etc. This causes a malfunction that resets the operation. Therefore, the power supplied to the constant voltage required electrical load 43 is required to be stable at a constant value that does not drop below the minimum operating voltage.

図１に示す給電線９０，９１，９２は、オルタネータ１０及び鉛蓄電池２０から定電圧要求電気負荷４３へ電力供給する給電経路を形成するものであり、ハーネス、コネクタ、基板上のプリント配線等から構成される。給電線９０は、オルタネータ１０及び鉛蓄電池２０からＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ６０までの給電経路を形成する。給電線９１は、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０から定電圧要求電気負荷４３までの給電経路を形成する。給電線９２は、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ６０からＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０までの給電経路を形成する。   The feed lines 90, 91, and 92 shown in FIG. 1 form a feed path for supplying power from the alternator 10 and the lead storage battery 20 to the constant voltage required electrical load 43. From the harness, the connector, the printed wiring on the board, and the like. Composed. The power supply line 90 forms a power supply path from the alternator 10 and the lead storage battery 20 to the MOS-FET 60. The power supply line 91 forms a power supply path from the MOS-FET 50 to the constant voltage required electric load 43. The power supply line 92 forms a power supply path from the MOS-FET 60 to the MOS-FET 50.

図１に示すバイパス給電線９３は、給電線９０，９１に電気接続され、２つのＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をバイパスしてオルタネータ１０及び鉛蓄電池２０へ電力供給する給電経路を形成するものであり、ハーネス、コネクタ、基板上のプリント配線等から構成される。また、バイパス給電線９３には、ノーマリクローズ式の電磁リレーであるバイパスリレー９４（バイパス開閉手段）が備えられている。バイパスリレー９４の作動はＥＣＵ８０により制御される。   The bypass power supply line 93 shown in FIG. 1 is electrically connected to the power supply lines 90 and 91 and forms a power supply path that bypasses the two MOS-FETs 50 and 60 and supplies power to the alternator 10 and the lead storage battery 20. It consists of a harness, connector, printed wiring on the board, and the like. Further, the bypass power supply line 93 is provided with a bypass relay 94 (bypass opening / closing means) which is a normally closed electromagnetic relay. The operation of the bypass relay 94 is controlled by the ECU 80.

このバイパスリレー９４は、後に詳述するようにＥＣＵ８０が故障した場合の故障時用であり、通常時は、ＥＣＵ８０励磁電流を常時出力してオフ作動させておく。そして、ＥＣＵ８０が故障して励磁電流を出力できなくなると、ノーマリクローズ式であるバイパスリレー９４はオン作動して、バイパス給電線９３を通電させる。   As will be described in detail later, the bypass relay 94 is used when a failure occurs in the ECU 80, and normally, the ECU 80 excitation current is always output to be turned off. When the ECU 80 fails and no excitation current can be output, the normally closed bypass relay 94 is turned on to energize the bypass power supply line 93.

電気負荷４１〜４３のうち符号４１に示す負荷は、内燃機関Ｅを始動させるスタータモータであり、符号４２に示す負荷は、定電圧要求電気負荷４３及びスタータモータ４１以外の一般的な電気負荷である。一般電気負荷４２の具体例としてはヘッドライト、フロントウインドシールド等のワイパ、空調装置の送風ファン、リヤウインドシールドのデフロスタ用ヒータ等が挙げられる。   The load indicated by reference numeral 41 among the electric loads 41 to 43 is a starter motor for starting the internal combustion engine E, and the load indicated by reference numeral 42 is a general electric load other than the constant voltage required electric load 43 and the starter motor 41. is there. Specific examples of the general electric load 42 include wipers such as a headlight and a front windshield, a blower fan for an air conditioner, a heater for a defroster for a rear windshield, and the like.

これらのスタータモータ４１及び一般電気負荷４２は、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０に対して鉛蓄電池２０の側に電気接続される。これにより、スタータモータ４１及び一般電気負荷４２への電力供給は鉛蓄電池２０が分担することとなる。   The starter motor 41 and the general electric load 42 are electrically connected to the lead storage battery 20 side with respect to the MOS-FETs 50 and 60. As a result, the lead storage battery 20 shares power supply to the starter motor 41 and the general electric load 42.

オルタネータ１０は、クランク軸の回転エネルギにより発電するものである。具体的には、オルタネータ１０のロータがクランク軸により回転すると、ロータコイル１０ａに流れる励磁電流に応じてステータコイルに交流電流が誘起され、図示しない整流器により直流電流に変換される。そして、ロータコイル１０ａに流れる励磁電流をレギュレータ１１が調整することで、発電された直流電流の電圧を設定電圧Ｖｒｅｇとなるよう調整する。   The alternator 10 generates electric power using the rotational energy of the crankshaft. Specifically, when the rotor of the alternator 10 is rotated by the crankshaft, an alternating current is induced in the stator coil according to the exciting current flowing through the rotor coil 10a, and is converted into a direct current by a rectifier (not shown). Then, the regulator 11 adjusts the exciting current flowing through the rotor coil 10a, thereby adjusting the voltage of the generated direct current to the set voltage Vreg.

オルタネータ１０で発電した電力は、各種電気負荷４１〜４３へ供給されるとともに、鉛蓄電池２０及びリチウム蓄電池３０へ供給される。内燃機関Ｅの駆動が停止してオルタネータ１０で発電されていない時には、鉛蓄電池２０及びリチウム蓄電池３０から電気負荷４１〜４３へ電力供給される。鉛蓄電池２０及びリチウム蓄電池３０から電気負荷４１〜４３への放電量、及びオルタネータ１０からの充電量は、ＳＯＣ（State of charge：満充電時の充電量に対する実際の充電量の割合）が過充放電とならない範囲（適正範囲）となるよう、設定電圧Ｖｒｅｇを調整するとともにＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０の作動を制御している。   The electric power generated by the alternator 10 is supplied to various electric loads 41 to 43 and also supplied to the lead storage battery 20 and the lithium storage battery 30. When the drive of the internal combustion engine E is stopped and no power is generated by the alternator 10, electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 20 and the lithium storage battery 30 to the electric loads 41 to 43. The discharge amount from the lead storage battery 20 and the lithium storage battery 30 to the electric loads 41 to 43 and the charge amount from the alternator 10 are overcharged by SOC (State of charge: the ratio of the actual charge amount to the full charge amount). The set voltage Vreg is adjusted to control the operation of the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 so as to be in a range (appropriate range) where no discharge occurs.

また、本実施形態では、車両Ｖの回生エネルギによりオルタネータ１０を発電させて両蓄電池２０，３０（主にはリチウム蓄電池３０）に充電させる減速回生を行っている。この減速回生は、車両Ｖが減速状態であること、内燃機関Ｅへの燃料噴射をカットしていること、等の条件が成立した時に実施される。   Further, in the present embodiment, the decelerating regeneration in which the alternator 10 is generated by the regenerative energy of the vehicle V and is charged in both the storage batteries 20 and 30 (mainly the lithium storage battery 30) is performed. This deceleration regeneration is performed when conditions such as the vehicle V being in a decelerating state and the fuel injection to the internal combustion engine E being cut are satisfied.

鉛蓄電池２０は周知の汎用蓄電池である。具体的には、正極活物質が二酸化鉛（ＰｂＯ２）、負極活物質が鉛（Ｐｂ）、電解液が硫酸（Ｈ２ＳＯ４）である。そして、これらの電極から構成された複数の電池セルを直列接続して構成されている。なお、鉛蓄電池２０の蓄電容量は、リチウム蓄電池３０の蓄電容量よりも大きく設定している。 The lead storage battery 20 is a well-known general-purpose storage battery. Specifically, the positive electrode active material is lead dioxide (PbO 2 ), the negative electrode active material is lead (Pb), and the electrolytic solution is sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ). And the some battery cell comprised from these electrodes is connected in series, and is comprised. The storage capacity of the lead storage battery 20 is set larger than the storage capacity of the lithium storage battery 30.

一方、リチウム蓄電池３０の正極活物質には、リチウムを含む酸化物（リチウム金属複合酸化物）が用いられており、具体例としては、ＬｉＣｏＯ２、ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４、ＬｉＮｉＯ２、ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４等が挙げられる。リチウム蓄電池３０の負極活物質には、カーボン（Ｃ）やグラファイト、チタン酸リチウム（例えばＬｉｘＴｉＯ２）、Ｓｉ又はＳｕを含有する合金等が用いられている。リチウム蓄電池３０の電解液には有機電解液が用いられている。そして、これらの電極から構成された複数の電池セルを直列接続して構成されている。特に本実施形態では、リチウム蓄電池３０の負極活物質にチタン酸リチウムを採用している。 On the other hand, an oxide containing lithium (lithium metal composite oxide) is used for the positive electrode active material of the lithium storage battery 30, and specific examples include LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 , LiFePO 4, and the like. Can be mentioned. As the negative electrode active material of the lithium storage battery 30, carbon (C), graphite, lithium titanate (for example, Li x TiO 2 ), an alloy containing Si or Su, or the like is used. An organic electrolyte is used as the electrolyte of the lithium storage battery 30. And the some battery cell comprised from these electrodes is connected in series, and is comprised. In particular, in the present embodiment, lithium titanate is adopted as the negative electrode active material of the lithium storage battery 30.

なお、図１中の符号２１，３１は、鉛蓄電池２０及びリチウム蓄電池３０の電池セル集合体を表し、符合２２，３２は鉛蓄電池２０及びリチウム蓄電池３０の内部抵抗を表している。また、以下の説明において、蓄電池の開放電圧Ｖ０とは、電池セル集合体２１，３１により生じた電圧のことであり、蓄電池の端子電圧Ｖｄ，Ｖｃとは、次の式１，２で表される電圧のことである。
Ｖｄ＝Ｖ０−Ｉｄ×Ｒ・・・（式１）
Ｖｃ＝Ｖ０＋Ｉｃ×Ｒ・・・（式２）
なお、放電電流をＩｄ、充電電流をＩｃ、蓄電池の内部抵抗をＲ、蓄電池の開放電圧をＶ０とする。これらの式１，２に示すように、放電時の端子電圧Ｖｄは内部抵抗Ｒが大きいほど小さい値となり、充電時の端子電圧Ｖｃは内部抵抗Ｒが大きいほど大きい値となる。 In addition, the codes | symbols 21 and 31 in FIG. 1 represent the battery cell aggregate | assembly of the lead storage battery 20 and the lithium storage battery 30, and the codes | symbols 22 and 32 represent the internal resistance of the lead storage battery 20 and the lithium storage battery 30. In the following description, the open voltage V0 of the storage battery is a voltage generated by the battery cell assemblies 21 and 31, and the terminal voltages Vd and Vc of the storage battery are expressed by the following expressions 1 and 2. Voltage.
Vd = V0−Id × R (Formula 1)
Vc = V0 + Ic × R (Formula 2)
The discharge current is Id, the charging current is Ic, the internal resistance of the storage battery is R, and the open voltage of the storage battery is V0. As shown in these equations 1 and 2, the terminal voltage Vd during discharge becomes smaller as the internal resistance R increases, and the terminal voltage Vc during charging becomes larger as the internal resistance R increases.

ここで、両蓄電池２０，３０は並列接続されているため、オルタネータ１０から充電する際には、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオン作動させていれば、端子電圧Ｖｃの低い側の蓄電池へオルタネータ１０の起電流が流れ込むこととなる。一方、電気負荷４２，４３へ電力供給（放電）する際には、非発電時にＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオン作動させていれば、端子電圧Ｖｄの高い側の蓄電池から電気負荷へ放電されることとなる。   Here, since the storage batteries 20 and 30 are connected in parallel, when charging from the alternator 10, if the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are turned on, the alternator 10 is connected to the storage battery having a lower terminal voltage Vc. An electromotive current will flow. On the other hand, when power is supplied (discharged) to the electric loads 42 and 43, if the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are turned on during non-power generation, the battery is discharged from the storage battery having the higher terminal voltage Vd to the electric load. It becomes.

そして、回生充電時には、リチウム蓄電池３０の端子電圧Ｖｃ(Li)が鉛蓄電池２０の端子電圧Ｖｃ(Pb)より低くなる機会が多くなるようにして、鉛蓄電池２０よりも優先してリチウム蓄電池３０に充電されるように設定している。また、放電時には、リチウム蓄電池３０の端子電圧Ｖｄ(Li)が鉛蓄電池２０の端子電圧Ｖｄ(Pb)より高くなる機会が多くなるようにして、鉛蓄電池２０よりも優先してリチウム蓄電池３０から定電圧要求電気負荷４３へ放電されるように設定している。   During regenerative charging, the lithium storage battery 30 is given priority over the lead storage battery 20 so that the terminal voltage Vc (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30 becomes lower than the terminal voltage Vc (Pb) of the lead storage battery 20. It is set to be charged. Further, at the time of discharging, the terminal voltage Vd (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30 is increased from the terminal voltage Vd (Pb) of the lead storage battery 20 so as to increase the opportunity, so that the lead storage battery 20 is given priority over the lead storage battery 20. It is set to be discharged to the voltage demand electric load 43.

これらの設定は、両蓄電池２０，３０の開放電圧Ｖ０及び内部抵抗値Ｒを設定することで実現可能であり、開放電圧Ｖ０の設定は、リチウム蓄電池３０の正極活物質、負極活物質及び電解液を選定することで実現可能である。   These settings can be realized by setting the open circuit voltage V0 and the internal resistance value R of both the storage batteries 20, 30. The open circuit voltage V0 can be set by the positive electrode active material, the negative electrode active material, and the electrolytic solution of the lithium storage battery 30. This can be realized by selecting.

以下、回生充電時にＶｃ(Li)＜Ｖｃ(Pb)、放電時にＶｄ(Li)＞Ｖｄ(Pb)となる機会を多くする設定の詳細について説明する。   The details of the setting for increasing the chance of Vc (Li) <Vc (Pb) during regenerative charging and Vd (Li)> Vd (Pb) during discharging will be described below.

鉛蓄電池２０のＳＯＣの適正範囲(Pb)は例えばＳＯＣ８８％〜９２％であり、リチウム蓄電池３０のＳＯＣ適正範囲(Li)は例えばＳＯＣ３５％〜８０％である。適正範囲(Li)の上限は適正範囲(Pb)の上限より小さく、適正範囲(Li)の下限は適正範囲(Pb)の下限より小さい。そして、以下の条件（ａ）〜（ｃ）を満たすリチウム蓄電池３０の電圧特性（開放電圧とＳＯＣとの関係）となるよう、リチウム蓄電池３０は設定されている。具体的には、リチウム蓄電池３０の正極活物質、負極活物質及び電解液の組み合わせを選定することで、条件（ａ）〜（ｃ）を満たす電圧特性を作りこむことができる。   The appropriate SOC range (Pb) of the lead storage battery 20 is, for example, 88% to 92% SOC, and the proper SOC range (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30 is, for example, 35% to 80% SOC. The upper limit of the proper range (Li) is smaller than the upper limit of the proper range (Pb), and the lower limit of the proper range (Li) is smaller than the lower limit of the proper range (Pb). And the lithium storage battery 30 is set so that it may become the voltage characteristic (relationship between an open circuit voltage and SOC) of the lithium storage battery 30 which satisfy | fills the following conditions (a)-(c). Specifically, voltage characteristics satisfying the conditions (a) to (c) can be created by selecting a combination of the positive electrode active material, the negative electrode active material, and the electrolyte solution of the lithium storage battery 30.

条件（ａ）：鉛蓄電池２０の適正範囲(Pb)とリチウム蓄電池３０の適正範囲(Li)とで、鉛蓄電池２０の開放電圧Ｖ０(Pb)とリチウム蓄電池３０の開放電圧Ｖ０(Li)とが一致するポイントＶｄＳが存在する。   Condition (a): The appropriate range (Pb) of the lead storage battery 20 and the proper range (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30 include the open circuit voltage V0 (Pb) of the lead storage battery 20 and the open circuit voltage V0 (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30. There is a matching point VdS.

条件（ｂ）：リチウム蓄電池３０の適正範囲(Li)のうち一致ポイントＶｄｓの上限側では、リチウム蓄電池３０の開放電圧Ｖ０(Li)が、鉛蓄電池２０の開放電圧Ｖ０(Pb)よりも高い。   Condition (b): The open voltage V0 (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30 is higher than the open voltage V0 (Pb) of the lead storage battery 20 on the upper side of the coincidence point Vds in the appropriate range (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30.

条件（ｃ）：リチウム蓄電池３０の適正範囲(Li)のうち一致ポイントＶｄｓの下限側では、リチウム蓄電池３０の開放電圧Ｖ０(Li)が鉛蓄電池２０の開放電圧Ｖ０(Pb)よりも低い。   Condition (c): The open circuit voltage V0 (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30 is lower than the open circuit voltage V0 (Pb) of the lead storage battery 20 on the lower limit side of the coincidence point Vds in the appropriate range (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30.

次に、内燃機関Ｅの運転状態に応じてＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０のオンオフをどのように切り替えるのかを説明する。なお、Ｌｉ蓄電池リレー７０については、先述したような緊急時でない限り常時オン作動させておく。   Next, how to turn on and off the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 according to the operating state of the internal combustion engine E will be described. The Li storage battery relay 70 is always turned on unless the emergency is as described above.

図２に示すように、減速回生によりオルタネータ１０を発電させている場合には、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオン作動させる。これにより、減速回生による発電電力はリチウム蓄電池３０へ充電される。また、回生エネルギの一部は、電気負荷４２，４３及び鉛蓄電池２０へ供給される。   As shown in FIG. 2, when the alternator 10 is generating electric power by deceleration regeneration, the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are turned on. Thereby, the power generated by the deceleration regeneration is charged to the lithium storage battery 30. A part of the regenerative energy is supplied to the electric loads 42 and 43 and the lead storage battery 20.

図３に示すように、アイドルストップ機能による自動再始動時には、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオフ作動させる。これにより、スタータモータ４１への電力供給は鉛蓄電池２０から為されることとなり、リチウム蓄電池３０からスタータモータ４１への放電は回避される。スタータモータ４１への供給電力は、他の電気負荷４２，４３への供給電力に比べて桁違いに大きい。そのため、鉛蓄電池２０に比べて容量の小さいリチウム蓄電池３０からスタータモータ４１へ電力供給すると、リチウム蓄電池３０のＳＯＣ（Ｌｉ）は直ぐに過放電の状態となってしまう。そこで、上述の如くリチウム蓄電池３０からスタータモータ４１への放電を回避することで、リチウム蓄電池３０の過放電を防止している。なお、一般電気負荷４２へは鉛蓄電池２０から電力供給され、定電圧要求電気負荷４３へはリチウム蓄電池３０から電力供給される。   As shown in FIG. 3, at the time of automatic restart by the idle stop function, the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are turned off. Thus, power is supplied to the starter motor 41 from the lead storage battery 20, and discharge from the lithium storage battery 30 to the starter motor 41 is avoided. The power supplied to the starter motor 41 is orders of magnitude greater than the power supplied to the other electric loads 42 and 43. Therefore, when electric power is supplied from the lithium storage battery 30 having a smaller capacity than the lead storage battery 20 to the starter motor 41, the SOC (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30 is immediately over-discharged. Therefore, the overdischarge of the lithium storage battery 30 is prevented by avoiding the discharge from the lithium storage battery 30 to the starter motor 41 as described above. In addition, electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 20 to the general electric load 42, and electric power is supplied from the lithium storage battery 30 to the constant voltage required electric load 43.

図４に示すように、アイドルストップ機能によるアイドルストップ時（自動停止時）であって、鉛蓄電池２０の端子電圧Ｖｄ(Pb)がリチウム蓄電池３０の端子電圧Ｖｄ(Li)より高い時には、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオフ作動させる。これにより、鉛蓄電池２０からリチウム蓄電池３０へ電流が流れ込むことを回避して、リチウム蓄電池３０の過充電が回避される。なお、一般電気負荷４２へは鉛蓄電池２０から電力供給され、定電圧要求電気負荷４３へはリチウム蓄電池３０から電力供給される。   As shown in FIG. 4, at the time of idle stop (automatic stop) by the idle stop function, when the terminal voltage Vd (Pb) of the lead storage battery 20 is higher than the terminal voltage Vd (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30, MOS− The FETs 50 and 60 are turned off. Thereby, it is avoided that an electric current flows into the lithium storage battery 30 from the lead storage battery 20, and the overcharge of the lithium storage battery 30 is avoided. In addition, electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 20 to the general electric load 42, and electric power is supplied from the lithium storage battery 30 to the constant voltage required electric load 43.

一方、図５に示すように、アイドルストップ機能によるアイドルストップ時であって、Ｖｄ(Pb)≦Ｖｄ(Li)である時には、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオン作動させる。これにより、一般電気負荷４２へはリチウム蓄電池３０から電力供給されるので、一般電気負荷４２への電力供給不足を解消できる。また、鉛蓄電池２０はリチウム蓄電池３０から充電され、定電圧要求電気負荷４３へはリチウム蓄電池３０から電力供給される。   On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, when the idle stop is performed by the idle stop function and Vd (Pb) ≦ Vd (Li), the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are turned on. Thereby, since electric power is supplied from the lithium storage battery 30 to the general electric load 42, the shortage of electric power supply to the general electric load 42 can be solved. The lead storage battery 20 is charged from the lithium storage battery 30, and power is supplied from the lithium storage battery 30 to the constant voltage required electrical load 43.

減速回生によりオルタネータ１０を発電させていない非回生時（例えばアイドル運転時、加速走行時、定常走行時等）には、リチウム蓄電池３０のＳＯＣ(Li)に応じてＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０のオンオフを切り替えることで、ＳＯＣ(Li)が最適範囲となるよう制御する。   When the alternator 10 is not generating power due to deceleration regeneration (for example, during idle operation, acceleration travel, steady travel, etc.), the MOS-FETs 50, 60 are turned on and off according to the SOC (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30. By switching, the control is performed so that the SOC (Li) is within the optimum range.

具体的には、非回生時であってＳＯＣ(Li)が第１閾値ＴＨ１（上限閾値）よりも大きい時には、図４に示すようにＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオフ作動させる。これにより、定電圧要求電気負荷４３へはリチウム蓄電池３０から電力供給させる。一方、非回生時であってＳＯＣ(Li)が第２閾値ＴＨ２（下限閾値）以下である時には、図２に示すようにＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオン作動させる。これにより、定電圧要求電気負荷４３へは鉛蓄電池２０又はオルタネータ１０から電力供給させる。よって、リチウム蓄電池３０の過放電を回避できる。   Specifically, when SOC (Li) is larger than the first threshold value TH1 (upper limit threshold value) during non-regeneration, the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are turned off as shown in FIG. Thereby, electric power is supplied from the lithium storage battery 30 to the constant voltage required electric load 43. On the other hand, when SOC (Li) is not more than the second threshold value TH2 (lower threshold value) during non-regeneration, the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are turned on as shown in FIG. Thereby, electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 20 or the alternator 10 to the constant voltage required electric load 43. Therefore, overdischarge of the lithium storage battery 30 can be avoided.

ＥＣＵ８０は、リチウム蓄電池３０のＳＯＣ(Li)が適正範囲となるよう、主にＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０の作動を制御する。一方、ＥＣＵ８０Ａは、鉛蓄電池２０のＳＯＣ(Pb)が適正範囲となるよう、主にレギュレータ１１の設定電圧Ｖｒｅｇを制御する。   The ECU 80 mainly controls the operation of the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 so that the SOC (Li) of the lithium storage battery 30 falls within an appropriate range. On the other hand, the ECU 80A mainly controls the set voltage Vreg of the regulator 11 so that the SOC (Pb) of the lead storage battery 20 falls within an appropriate range.

ＥＣＵ８０及びＥＣＵ８０Ａの各々は、両蓄電池２０，３０の端子電圧Ｖｃ，Ｖｄ又は開放電圧Ｖ０(Li)の検出値を常時取得するとともに、電流検出手段７１，７２（図１参照）により検出される、両蓄電池２０，３０を流れる電流値を常時取得する。   Each of the ECU 80 and the ECU 80A constantly acquires the detected values of the terminal voltages Vc, Vd or the open voltage V0 (Li) of both the storage batteries 20, 30, and is detected by the current detecting means 71, 72 (see FIG. 1). The current value flowing through both storage batteries 20 and 30 is always acquired.

また、ＥＣＵ８０は、リチウム蓄電池３０の温度（リチウム温度）、及び鉛蓄電池２０の温度（鉛温度）を常時取得する。そして、取得したリチウム蓄電池３０の端子電圧及びリチウム温度等に基づきＳＯＣ(Li)を算出する。ＥＣＵ８０Ａは、取得した鉛蓄電池２０の端子電圧及び鉛温度等に基づきＳＯＣ(Pb)を算出する。   Further, the ECU 80 constantly acquires the temperature of the lithium storage battery 30 (lithium temperature) and the temperature of the lead storage battery 20 (lead temperature). Then, SOC (Li) is calculated based on the acquired terminal voltage of the lithium storage battery 30, the lithium temperature, and the like. The ECU 80A calculates SOC (Pb) based on the acquired terminal voltage, lead temperature, and the like of the lead storage battery 20.

ＥＣＵ８０は、ＳＯＣ(Li)が第１閾値ＴＨ１より大きい場合には、リチウム蓄電池３０の過充電回避を図るべく、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０のオン作動を禁止する。これにより、オルタネータ１０又は鉛蓄電池２０からリチウム蓄電池３０への充電が禁止される（図４参照）。一方、ＳＯＣ(Li)が第２閾値ＴＨ２以下の場合には、リチウム蓄電池３０の過放電回避を図るべく、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオン作動させる。これにより、オルタネータ１０又は鉛蓄電池２０からリチウム蓄電池３０へ充電させる（図２参照）。   When the SOC (Li) is larger than the first threshold value TH1, the ECU 80 prohibits the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 from being turned on in order to avoid overcharging of the lithium storage battery 30. Thereby, the charging from the alternator 10 or the lead storage battery 20 to the lithium storage battery 30 is prohibited (see FIG. 4). On the other hand, when the SOC (Li) is equal to or less than the second threshold value TH2, the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are turned on to avoid overdischarge of the lithium storage battery 30. Thus, the lithium storage battery 30 is charged from the alternator 10 or the lead storage battery 20 (see FIG. 2).

ＥＣＵ８０Ａは、設定電圧Ｖｒｅｇを調整することでＳＯＣ(Pb)を最適範囲に制御する。具体的には、算出したＳＯＣ(Pb)が所定の上限閾値よりも高い場合には、設定電圧Ｖｒｅｇを、鉛蓄電池２０の端子電圧Ｖｄ(Pb)よりも低くなるように制御することで、オルタネータ１０から鉛蓄電池２０へ充電されることを回避して、鉛蓄電池２０の過充電防止を図る。一方、算出したＳＯＣ(Pb)が所定の下限閾値よりも低い場合には、設定電圧Ｖｒｅｇを、鉛蓄電池２０の端子電圧Ｖｃ(Pb)よりも高くなるように制御することで、オルタネータ１０から鉛蓄電池２０へ充電させて鉛蓄電池２０の過放電防止を図る。   The ECU 80A controls the SOC (Pb) to the optimum range by adjusting the set voltage Vreg. Specifically, when the calculated SOC (Pb) is higher than a predetermined upper limit threshold, the alternator is controlled by controlling the set voltage Vreg to be lower than the terminal voltage Vd (Pb) of the lead storage battery 20. The lead storage battery 20 is prevented from being charged from 10 to prevent overcharge of the lead storage battery 20. On the other hand, when the calculated SOC (Pb) is lower than a predetermined lower limit threshold, the alternator 10 leads the lead by controlling the set voltage Vreg to be higher than the terminal voltage Vc (Pb) of the lead storage battery 20. The storage battery 20 is charged to prevent overdischarge of the lead storage battery 20.

図６は、ＥＣＵ８０が水没等により故障してＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオン作動できなくなった時の、定電圧要求電気負荷４３への給電経路を説明する図である。   FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a power supply path to the constant voltage required electric load 43 when the ECU 80 fails due to submersion or the like and cannot turn on the MOS-FETs 50 and 60.

ＥＣＵ８０からＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０へ出力される信号が停止すると、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０はオフ状態になって、給電線９０〜９２の通電が遮断される。また、ノーマリオン式のバイパスリレー９４は、ＥＣＵ８０からの励磁電流の出力停止に伴いオン作動して、バイパス給電線９３を通電させる。これによれば、通電遮断された給電線９２及びＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をバイパスして、オルタネータ１０又は鉛蓄電池２０からバイパス給電線９３を通じて定電圧要求電気負荷４３へ電力供給されるようになる。   When the signal output from the ECU 80 to the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 is stopped, the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 are turned off, and the power supply lines 90 to 92 are cut off. Further, the normally-on type bypass relay 94 is turned on when the output of the excitation current from the ECU 80 is stopped to energize the bypass power supply line 93. According to this, power is supplied from the alternator 10 or the lead storage battery 20 to the constant voltage required electric load 43 through the bypass power supply line 93, bypassing the power supply line 92 and the MOS-FETs 50, 60 that are cut off.

また、ノーマリオフ式のＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０は、ＥＣＵ８０からの励磁電流の出力停止に伴いオフ作動して、バイパス給電線９３及び給電線９１とリチウム蓄電池３０との通電を遮断させる。これによれば、オルタネータ１０又は鉛蓄電池２０からバイパス給電線９３を通じてリチウム蓄電池３０へ電流が流れ込むことを回避でき、リチウム蓄電池３０の過充電を防止できる。   Further, the normally-off type Li storage battery relay 70 is turned off when the excitation current output from the ECU 80 is stopped, and the energization of the bypass power supply line 93 and the power supply line 91 and the lithium storage battery 30 is interrupted. According to this, it can avoid that an electric current flows into the lithium storage battery 30 from the alternator 10 or the lead storage battery 20 through the bypass feeder 93, and the overcharge of the lithium storage battery 30 can be prevented.

ここで、図１に示すリチウム蓄電池３０、ＥＣＵ８０及びＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０は、共通の筐体３０ｋに収容されてユニット化されている。以下、このユニットを電池パック３０Ｐと呼ぶ。   Here, the lithium storage battery 30, ECU 80, and MOS-FETs 50 and 60 shown in FIG. 1 are accommodated in a common housing 30k and unitized. Hereinafter, this unit is referred to as a battery pack 30P.

図７は、電池パック３０Ｐの詳細構造を示す電気ブロック図である。   FIG. 7 is an electric block diagram showing a detailed structure of the battery pack 30P.

ＥＣＵ８０は、ＣＰＵやメモリ等を有するマイクロコンピュータ（マイコン８１）、給電線９０の電圧を所定の低電圧に降圧してマイコン８１へ供給するマイコン電源８２、給電線９０の電圧を昇圧してＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０のゲートへ出力するチャージポンプ８３、Ｌｉ蓄電池リレー７０への励磁電流の出力オンオフを制御する半導体スイッチ８４、等を有して構成されている。   The ECU 80 includes a microcomputer (microcomputer 81) having a CPU, a memory, etc., a microcomputer power supply 82 that lowers the voltage of the power supply line 90 to a predetermined low voltage and supplies it to the microcomputer 81, and boosts the voltage of the power supply line 90 to MOS- A charge pump 83 that outputs to the gates of the FETs 50 and 60, a semiconductor switch 84 that controls on / off of the excitation current output to the Li storage battery relay 70, and the like are configured.

マイコン８１がチャージポンプ８３へ通電指令信号を出力すると、チャージポンプ８３はＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０へゲート信号を出力する。また、マイコン８１が半導体スイッチ８４へ通電指令信号を出力すると、半導体スイッチ８４は通電作動してＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０へ励磁電流を出力する。要するに、マイコン８１がチャージポンプ８３及び半導体スイッチ８４の作動を制御することで、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０及びＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０の作動を制御する。   When the microcomputer 81 outputs an energization command signal to the charge pump 83, the charge pump 83 outputs a gate signal to the MOS-FETs 50 and 60. When the microcomputer 81 outputs an energization command signal to the semiconductor switch 84, the semiconductor switch 84 energizes and outputs an exciting current to the Li storage battery relay 70. In short, the microcomputer 81 controls the operation of the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 and the Li storage battery relay 70 by controlling the operation of the charge pump 83 and the semiconductor switch 84.

但し、半導体スイッチ８４とＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０との間にはディレイ回路８５が設けられているので、マイコン８１が半導体スイッチ８４へ通電指令信号を出力してから所定のディレイ時間が経過した後に、Ｌｉ蓄電池リレー７０はオン作動する。同様に、マイコン８１が半導体スイッチ８４へ通電指令信号の出力を停止すると、その停止時点から所定のディレイ時間が経過した後に、Ｌｉ蓄電池リレー７０はオフ作動する。   However, since a delay circuit 85 is provided between the semiconductor switch 84 and the Li storage battery relay 70, after a predetermined delay time has elapsed after the microcomputer 81 outputs an energization command signal to the semiconductor switch 84, the Li The storage battery relay 70 is turned on. Similarly, when the microcomputer 81 stops outputting the energization command signal to the semiconductor switch 84, the Li storage battery relay 70 is turned off after a predetermined delay time has elapsed since the stop point.

バイパス給電線９３及びバイパスリレー９４を有して構成されるバイパス回路は、バイパスリレー９４への励磁電流の出力オンオフを制御する半導体スイッチ９４ａと、以下に説明するコンパレータ９４ｂを備える。   The bypass circuit including the bypass power supply line 93 and the bypass relay 94 includes a semiconductor switch 94a that controls on / off of an excitation current output to the bypass relay 94, and a comparator 94b described below.

コンパレータ９４ｂは、半導体スイッチ８４とＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０との接続点での電圧が所定の閾値電圧よりも高くなっている場合に、バイパスリレー９４へ通電指令信号を出力する。つまり、半導体スイッチ８４から励磁電流が出力されていればコンパレータ９４ｂは通電指令信号を出力する。すると、バイパスリレー９４はオン作動してバイパスリレー９４へ励磁電流を出力し、その結果、ノーマリクローズ式のバイパスリレー９４はオフ作動する。   The comparator 94b outputs an energization command signal to the bypass relay 94 when the voltage at the connection point between the semiconductor switch 84 and the Li storage battery relay 70 is higher than a predetermined threshold voltage. That is, if an exciting current is output from the semiconductor switch 84, the comparator 94b outputs an energization command signal. Then, the bypass relay 94 is turned on and outputs an exciting current to the bypass relay 94. As a result, the normally closed type bypass relay 94 is turned off.

一方、マイコン８１又は半導体スイッチ８４が故障する等に起因して、半導体スイッチ８４からＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０へ励磁電流が出力されなくなると、コンパレータ９４ｂからの通電指令信号は出力停止される。すると、バイパスリレー９４はオフ作動し、その結果、ノーマリクローズ式のバイパスリレー９４はオン作動する。   On the other hand, when the excitation current is not output from the semiconductor switch 84 to the Li storage battery relay 70 due to a failure of the microcomputer 81 or the semiconductor switch 84, the output of the energization command signal from the comparator 94b is stopped. Then, the bypass relay 94 is turned off, and as a result, the normally closed bypass relay 94 is turned on.

要するに、コンパレータ９４ｂは、マイコン８１及び半導体スイッチ８４の故障を検出する故障検出手段として機能する。そして、故障を検出した場合にはバイパスリレー９４をオン作動させるよう制御する故障時制御手段として機能する。   In short, the comparator 94b functions as a failure detection unit that detects a failure of the microcomputer 81 and the semiconductor switch 84. And when a failure is detected, it functions as a failure time control means for controlling the bypass relay 94 to be turned on.

また、ディレイ回路８５を備えるので、上記故障等に起因してＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０へ励磁電流が出力されなくなると、バイパスリレー９４が上述の如くオン作動した時点から、所定のディレイ時間が経過した後にＬｉ蓄電池リレー７０はオフ作動する。そのため、定電圧要求電気負荷４３への給電に関し、給電線９０〜９２及びバイパス給電線９３のいずれもが同時に遮断状態になることを回避できるので、両給電線からの定電圧要求電気負荷４３への給電が途絶えて瞬断することが回避される。   In addition, since the delay circuit 85 is provided, when an excitation current is not output to the Li battery relay 70 due to the above-described failure or the like, a predetermined delay time has elapsed since the bypass relay 94 was turned on as described above. The Li storage battery relay 70 is turned off. Therefore, with respect to the power supply to the constant voltage required electrical load 43, it is possible to avoid that both of the power supply lines 90 to 92 and the bypass power supply line 93 are simultaneously cut off. It is avoided that the power supply is interrupted and interrupted.

図７中の符号７０ａは、給電線９１のうち、リチウム蓄電池３０へ電力供給するようハーネスを分岐させた分岐点（第２蓄電池用給電分岐点）を示す。図７中の符号９３ａ，９３ｂは、給電線９０，９１のうち、バイパス給電線９３の一端が接続される接続点を示す。図７中の符号９０ａ，９１ａは、給電線９０，９１からＥＣＵ８０へ電力を引き込むハーネスを示し、符号９０ｂ，９１ｂは、これらのハーネス９０ａ，９１ａが給電線９０，９１に接続される接続点を示す。また、符号ｔ１，ｔ２は、筐体３０ｋに設けられた端子を示しており、筐体端子ｔ１は、鉛蓄電池２０と同電位になるハーネスが接続され、筐体端子ｔ２は、リチウム蓄電池３０と同電位になるハーネスが接続される。   Reference numeral 70 a in FIG. 7 indicates a branch point (second power supply branch point for the second storage battery) where the harness is branched to supply power to the lithium storage battery 30 in the power supply line 91. Reference numerals 93 a and 93 b in FIG. 7 indicate connection points to which one end of the bypass power supply line 93 is connected among the power supply lines 90 and 91. Reference numerals 90a and 91a in FIG. 7 indicate harnesses that draw power from the power supply lines 90 and 91 to the ECU 80. Reference numerals 90b and 91b indicate connection points at which the harnesses 90a and 91a are connected to the power supply lines 90 and 91. Show. Reference numerals t1 and t2 denote terminals provided in the housing 30k. The housing terminal t1 is connected to a harness having the same potential as the lead storage battery 20, and the housing terminal t2 is connected to the lithium storage battery 30. A harness having the same potential is connected.

ハーネス９０ａの接続点９０ｂ（制御手段用給電分岐点）は、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ６０に対してオルタネータ１０の側に位置する。そのため、リチウム蓄電池３０が未だ充電されていない内燃機関Ｅの初回起動時に、オルタネータ１０からＥＣＵ８０へ給電する場合にハーネス９０ａは用いられることとなる。一方、ハーネス９１ａの接続点９１ｂは、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０に対してリチウム蓄電池３０の側に位置する。スタータモータ４１の駆動時等鉛蓄電池２０の電圧が低下している時であっても、リチウム蓄電池３０による安定した電圧がハーネス９１ａを通じてＥＣＵ８０へ引き込まれることとなる。   A connection point 90 b (control power supply branch point) of the harness 90 a is located on the alternator 10 side with respect to the MOS-FET 60. Therefore, the harness 90a is used when power is supplied from the alternator 10 to the ECU 80 at the first startup of the internal combustion engine E in which the lithium storage battery 30 is not yet charged. On the other hand, the connection point 91 b of the harness 91 a is located on the lithium storage battery 30 side with respect to the MOS-FET 50. Even when the voltage of the lead storage battery 20 is decreasing, such as when the starter motor 41 is driven, a stable voltage from the lithium storage battery 30 is drawn into the ECU 80 through the harness 91a.

そして、バイパス給電線９３の接続点９３ａは、ハーネス９０ａの接続点９０ｂに対して鉛蓄電池２０の側（上流側）に設けられている。また、バイパス給電線９３の接続点９３ｂは、分岐点７０ａに対して定電圧要求電気負荷４３の側（下流側）に設けられている。   And the connection point 93a of the bypass feeder 93 is provided on the lead storage battery 20 side (upstream side) with respect to the connection point 90b of the harness 90a. Further, the connection point 93b of the bypass power supply line 93 is provided on the side of the constant voltage requesting electric load 43 (downstream side) with respect to the branch point 70a.

図８は、バイパス給電線９３の接続点９３ａ，９３ｂの位置をより詳細に示した、電池パック３０Ｐの模式図である。筐体３０ｋの内部には、ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０及びバイパスリレー９４が実装される基板９５が収容されている。また、筐体３０ｋ内部に位置する給電線９０，９１は、複数のハーネスＨ、及びこれらのハーネスＨを接続するコネクタＣにより構成されている。そして、これらのハーネスＨは、基板９５に実装された基板端子９５ｔと筐体端子ｔ１，ｔ２とを接続する。そして、先述したバイパス給電線９３の接続点９３ａ，９３ｂは、前記基板端子９５ｔに接続されている。   FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the battery pack 30P showing the positions of the connection points 93a and 93b of the bypass power supply line 93 in more detail. A substrate 95 on which the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 and the bypass relay 94 are mounted is accommodated in the housing 30k. Further, the power supply lines 90 and 91 located inside the housing 30k are configured by a plurality of harnesses H and a connector C that connects these harnesses H. These harnesses H connect the board terminals 95t mounted on the board 95 and the housing terminals t1 and t2. The connection points 93a and 93b of the bypass power supply line 93 described above are connected to the substrate terminal 95t.

図９は、電池パック３０Ｐの車両Ｖへの搭載位置を示す図である。鉛蓄電池２０は、内燃機関Ｅが搭載されるエンジンルームＶａ内に配置されている。これに対してリチウム蓄電池３０は、鉛蓄電池２０に比べて耐熱温度が低いので、エンジンルームＶａに配置することができない。そこで図９に示す例では、リチウム蓄電池３０が収容された電池パック３０Ｐを、エンジンルームＶａの外であり、かつ、車室Ｖｂに配置している。例えば、図９に示すように乗員座席シートＶｄの下方に配置してもよいし、運転席と助手席の間に位置するコンソールボックスの下方に配置してもよいし、車室ＶｂのフロアパネルＶｃの下方に配置してもよい。   FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a mounting position of the battery pack 30P on the vehicle V. As shown in FIG. The lead storage battery 20 is disposed in an engine room Va in which the internal combustion engine E is mounted. On the other hand, the lithium storage battery 30 has a lower heat-resistant temperature than the lead storage battery 20 and cannot be disposed in the engine room Va. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 9, the battery pack 30P in which the lithium storage battery 30 is accommodated is disposed outside the engine room Va and in the vehicle compartment Vb. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, it may be disposed below the passenger seat Vd, may be disposed below the console box located between the driver seat and the passenger seat, or the floor panel of the passenger compartment Vb. You may arrange | position below Vc.

但し、このように、電池パック３０ＰをエンジンルームＶａの外に配置しようとすると、電池パック３０Ｐは鉛蓄電池２０よりも下方に配置せざるを得なくなる。そのため、例えばフロアパネルＶｃの上まで車両が浸水した場合には、電池パック３０Ｐが水没する可能性が高くなる。そして、筐体３０ｋ内部に水が浸入すると、特に低電圧で駆動するマイコン８１等の回路部品が故障しやすい。そして、マイコン８１が故障するとＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ５０，６０をオン作動できなくなるので、給電線９０〜９１を通じてリチウム蓄電池３０への充電ができなくなる。すると、ＳＯＣ(Li)の低下が進行して、定電圧要求電気負荷４３への電力供給ができなくなることが懸念されるようになる。   However, if the battery pack 30P is arranged outside the engine room Va as described above, the battery pack 30P must be arranged below the lead storage battery 20. Therefore, for example, when the vehicle is flooded above the floor panel Vc, there is a high possibility that the battery pack 30P is submerged. When water enters the inside of the housing 30k, circuit components such as the microcomputer 81 driven at a low voltage are likely to break down. If the microcomputer 81 fails, the MOS-FETs 50 and 60 cannot be turned on, so that the lithium storage battery 30 cannot be charged through the feeder lines 90 to 91. Then, a decrease in SOC (Li) proceeds, and there is a concern that power supply to the constant voltage required electric load 43 becomes impossible.

この懸念に対し、以上に説明した本実施形態によれば、マイコン８１が故障するとバイパスリレー９４がオン作動するので、バイパス給電線９３を通じて定電圧要求電気負荷４３への電力供給が可能になる。よって、上記懸念を解消できる。   In response to this concern, according to the present embodiment described above, when the microcomputer 81 fails, the bypass relay 94 is turned on, so that it is possible to supply power to the constant voltage required electrical load 43 through the bypass power supply line 93. Therefore, the above concerns can be resolved.

また、本実施形態によれば、ディレイ回路８５を備えるので、給電線９０〜９２及びバイパス給電線９３のいずれもが同時に遮断状態になることを回避できるので、両給電線からの定電圧要求電気負荷４３への給電が途絶えて瞬断することを回避できる。   In addition, according to the present embodiment, since the delay circuit 85 is provided, it is possible to avoid that both of the feeder lines 90 to 92 and the bypass feeder line 93 are simultaneously cut off. It is possible to avoid interruption of power supply to the load 43 due to interruption.

（他の実施形態）
本発明は上記実施形態の記載内容に限定されず、以下のように変更して実施してもよい。また、各実施形態の特徴的構成をそれぞれ任意に組み合わせるようにしてもよい。 (Other embodiments)
The present invention is not limited to the description of the above embodiment, and may be modified as follows. Moreover, you may make it combine the characteristic structure of each embodiment arbitrarily, respectively.

・図７に示す上記実施形態では、バイパス給電線９３の接続点９３ａを、ハーネス９０ａの接続点９０ｂに対して鉛蓄電池２０の側（上流側）に設けているが、この接続点９３ａを、接続点９０ｂよりも下流側に設けてもよいし、筐体端子ｔ１に設けてもよい。   In the above-described embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the connection point 93a of the bypass power supply line 93 is provided on the lead storage battery 20 side (upstream side) with respect to the connection point 90b of the harness 90a. You may provide in the downstream rather than the connection point 90b, and you may provide in the housing | casing terminal t1.

・図７に示す上記実施形態では、バイパス給電線９３の接続点９３ｂを、分岐点７０ａに対して定電圧要求電気負荷４３の側（下流側）に設けているが、この接続点９３ｂを、分岐点７０ａよりも上流側に設けてもよいし、ハーネス９１ａの接続点９１ｂの下流側又は上流側に設けてもよいし、筐体端子ｔ２に設けてもよい。   In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the connection point 93b of the bypass power supply line 93 is provided on the side of the constant voltage requesting electric load 43 (downstream side) with respect to the branch point 70a. It may be provided on the upstream side of the branch point 70a, may be provided on the downstream side or upstream side of the connection point 91b of the harness 91a, or may be provided on the housing terminal t2.

・筐体３０ｋ内に水が浸入すると、図８に示すコネクタＣや基板端子９５ｔが接続不良となることが懸念される。そこで、バイパス給電線９３の接続点９３ａ，９３ｂを筐体端子ｔ１，ｔ２に接続して、上記懸念の解消を図るようにしてもよい。   ・ If water enters the housing 30k, there is a concern that the connector C and the board terminal 95t shown in FIG. Therefore, the connection points 93a and 93b of the bypass power supply line 93 may be connected to the housing terminals t1 and t2 so as to eliminate the concern.

・図７に示す実施形態では、半導体スイッチ９４ａ及びコンパレータ９４ｂをＥＣＵ８０の外部に設けているが、これらの半導体スイッチ９４ａ及びコンパレータ９４ｂをＥＣＵ８０に設けてもよい。   In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the semiconductor switch 94a and the comparator 94b are provided outside the ECU 80. However, the semiconductor switch 94a and the comparator 94b may be provided in the ECU 80.

１０…オルタネータ（発電機）、２０…鉛蓄電池、３０…リチウム蓄電池（第２蓄電池）、４３…定電圧要求電気負荷（電気負荷）、５０，６０…ＭＯＳ−ＦＥＴ（半導体スイッチ）、７０ａ…第２蓄電池用給電分岐点、９０ｂ…接続点（制御手段用給電分岐点）、９０〜９２…給電線、９３…バイパス給電線、９４…バイパスリレー（バイパス開閉手段）。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Alternator (generator), 20 ... Lead storage battery, 30 ... Lithium storage battery (2nd storage battery), 43 ... Constant voltage required electric load (electric load), 50, 60 ... MOS-FET (semiconductor switch), 70a ... No. 2-battery power feeding branch point, 90b... Connection point (control means power feeding branch point), 90 to 92... Power feeding line, 93 .. bypass power feeding line, 94 .. bypass relay (bypass opening / closing means).

Claims (9)

発電機による発電電力を充電可能な鉛蓄電池と、
前記鉛蓄電池に対して電気的に並列接続され、前記発電電力を充電可能であり、かつ、前記鉛蓄電池に比べて出力密度又はエネルギ密度の高い第２蓄電池と、
前記発電機及び前記鉛蓄電池と前記第２蓄電池との間に電気接続され、前記発電機及び前記鉛蓄電池と、前記第２蓄電池との通電及び遮断を切り替える半導体スイッチと、
前記半導体スイッチに対して前記第２蓄電池の側に電気接続された電気負荷及び前記第２蓄電池へ、前記発電機又は前記鉛蓄電池から電力供給する給電線と、
前記給電線に電気接続され、前記半導体スイッチをバイパスして前記発電機又は前記鉛蓄電池から前記電気負荷へ給電するバイパス給電線と、
前記バイパス給電線の通電及び遮断を切り替えるバイパス開閉手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする電源装置。 A lead-acid battery capable of charging the power generated by the generator;
A second storage battery that is electrically connected in parallel to the lead storage battery, is capable of charging the generated power, and has a higher output density or energy density than the lead storage battery;
A semiconductor switch that is electrically connected between the generator and the lead storage battery and the second storage battery, and switches between energization and disconnection of the generator and the lead storage battery and the second storage battery;
An electric load electrically connected to the second storage battery side with respect to the semiconductor switch and a power supply line for supplying power from the generator or the lead storage battery to the second storage battery;
A bypass feed line that is electrically connected to the feed line, bypasses the semiconductor switch and feeds power from the generator or the lead storage battery to the electrical load;
Bypass opening / closing means for switching energization and interruption of the bypass power supply line;
A power supply apparatus comprising: 前記バイパス開閉手段は、ノーマリクローズ式の電磁リレーであることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電源装置。   The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bypass opening / closing means is a normally closed electromagnetic relay. 前記第２蓄電池と前記給電線との通電及び遮断を切り替える第２蓄電池用スイッチを備え、
前記バイパス開閉手段が通電作動している時には、前記第２蓄電池と前記給電線との通電を遮断させるよう前記第２蓄電池用スイッチが遮断作動することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電源装置。 A switch for a second storage battery that switches between energization and disconnection between the second storage battery and the feeder line;
2. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein when the bypass opening / closing means is energized, the second storage battery switch is activated to interrupt the energization between the second storage battery and the power supply line. . 前記第２蓄電池用スイッチの遮断作動は、前記バイパス開閉手段の遮断作動から通電作動への切り替えが完了した後に実施させることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の電源装置。   4. The power supply device according to claim 3, wherein the cutoff operation of the second storage battery switch is performed after the switching from the cutoff operation of the bypass opening / closing means to the energization operation is completed. 前記給電線のうち、前記半導体スイッチの作動を制御する制御手段へ電力供給するよう分岐する点を制御手段用給電分岐点とした場合において、
前記バイパス給電線のうち前記発電機の側に接続される一端を、前記給電線のうち前記制御手段用給電分岐点よりも前記発電機の側に接続したことを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれか１つに記載の電源装置。 In the case where the point of branching to supply power to the control means for controlling the operation of the semiconductor switch among the power supply lines is a power supply branch point for the control means,
One end connected to the generator side of the bypass power supply line is connected to the generator side of the power supply branch point of the control means. The power supply device according to any one of the above. 前記給電線のうち、前記第２蓄電池へ電力供給するよう分岐する点を第２蓄電池用給電分岐点とした場合において、
前記バイパス給電線のうち前記電気負荷の側に接続される一端を、前記給電線のうち前記第２蓄電池用給電分岐点よりも前記電気負荷の側に接続したことを特徴とする請求項１〜５のいずれか１つに記載の電源装置。 In the case where the point of branching to supply power to the second storage battery is the second storage battery feed branch point,
The one end connected to the electric load side of the bypass power supply line is connected to the electric load side of the power supply branch point of the second storage battery. The power supply device according to any one of 5. 前記半導体スイッチ及び前記バイパス開閉手段が実装されるとともに、前記給電線の一部及び前記バイパス給電線が電気接続される基板と、
前記基板を内部に収容する筐体と、
を備え、
前記給電線の一部は、前記筐体に設けられた筐体端子と前記基板に設けられた基板端子とを電気接続するハーネスにより構成されており、
前記バイパス給電線のうち前記発電機の側に接続される一端、及び前記電気負荷の側に接続される一端の少なくとも一方は、前記基板端子に電気接続されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜６のいずれか１つに記載の電源装置。 The semiconductor switch and the bypass opening / closing means are mounted, and a part of the feeder line and a substrate to which the bypass feeder line is electrically connected,
A housing for accommodating the substrate therein;
With
A part of the power supply line is configured by a harness that electrically connects a housing terminal provided in the housing and a board terminal provided in the substrate,
2. At least one of the one end connected to the generator side and the one end connected to the electric load side of the bypass power supply line is electrically connected to the board terminal. The power supply apparatus as described in any one of -6. 前記半導体スイッチは複数備えられており、
これら複数の半導体スイッチを、当該半導体スイッチに存在する寄生ダイオードが逆向きになるよう直列に接続して構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜７のいずれか１つに記載の電源装置。 A plurality of the semiconductor switches are provided,
8. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of semiconductor switches are connected in series so that parasitic diodes existing in the semiconductor switches are reversed. . 前記第２蓄電池、前記半導体スイッチ、及び前記半導体スイッチの作動を制御する制御手段を共通の筐体に収容して構成され、前記発電機、前記鉛蓄電池及び前記電気負荷と電気接続するコネクタを有した電池パックを備え、
前記電池パックが、車両のうちエンジンルームの外部に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜８のいずれか１つに記載の電源装置。 The second storage battery, the semiconductor switch, and a control means for controlling the operation of the semiconductor switch are housed in a common housing, and have a connector that is electrically connected to the generator, the lead storage battery, and the electrical load. Battery pack,
The power supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the battery pack is disposed outside an engine room in a vehicle.
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