FR3001931A1 - Device for managing energy transfer from and towards electrical energy storage of motor vehicle, has managing unit for limiting voltage value and/or current value of electrical energy transfer - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (3) has a switch (11) for transferring electrical energy from and towards an electrical energy storage (5). A switch managing unit (15) controls the switch, and receives measured values of voltage and current during the transfer. The unit receives voltage and current limitation values respected during the transfer, and limits a voltage value and/or a current value of the energy transfer to put the measured voltage and/or measured current value in accordance with the limitation values when the measured voltage and/or measures current value does not respect the limitation values. An independent claim is also included for a system comprising an electrical energy storage.

Description

The present invention generally relates to an electrical energy transfer management device for a vehicle, and more particularly to a device for managing the transfer of electrical energy for a vehicle, and more particularly to a device for managing the transfer of electrical energy. transferring energy to and from an electrical energy store of a vehicle.

Figure 1 illustrates a data processing chain relating to a state of an electric energy storage of a vehicle to determine a mechanical torque setpoint for recharging the electrical energy storage by an electric machine MEL. The parameters of the electrical energy storage device taken into account to manage the electrical machine in order to recharge the storage of electrical energy are, for example, the power acceptable by the storer of electrical energy and the duration of the recharging (thermal protection of the storer). The data is re-posttracted to determine the instructions to be applied to the electrical machine. This management of the electric machine to recharge the storage of electrical energy is imprecise and there is no fine control of what goes into the storage of electrical energy because there is no direct exploitation of measurements of data relating to a state of an electrical energy store. In addition, the response time depends on the data processing chain and the response time of the physical organs.

Patent FR2970094 discloses a device connecting an electrical energy store and an onboard network of a vehicle. The device operates as a step-up converter for powering the electrical energy store during a deceleration phase of the vehicle, and as a low impedance electrical conductor outside a deceleration phase of the vehicle.

An object of the present invention is to meet the drawbacks mentioned above and, in particular, to propose a power transfer management device from and to an electric energy storage of a vehicle that allows a very dynamic management energy transfer and also allows to finely control the energy transfer to meet the physical and functional constraints of the storer and the physical and functional constraints of the vehicle. For this purpose, a first aspect of the invention relates to a device for managing the transfer of energy to and from an electrical energy store 10 of a vehicle, comprising: a switch able to transfer electrical energy from and to the storer of electrical energy; and switch management means configured to drive the switch, and to receive measured values of voltage and current when transferring electrical energy to and from the electrical energy store; characterized in that the switch management means is further configured to receive voltage and current limiting values to be respected when transferring electrical energy to and from the electrical energy store, and to limit a value voltage and / or current value of the electrical energy transfer to bring the measured voltage value and / or measured current value in accordance with the limiting values when the measured voltage value and / or measured current value does not comply the limiting values. Such a device dynamically manages the energy transfer at the level of a storer and, taking into account the physical and functional constraints of the storer, accurately controls the power in the charging and discharging phase (under criteria voltage and current) in order to avoid high thermal (boiling) and / or chemical stresses (for example, by the production of hydrogen).

In addition, the device, taking into account the physical and functional constraints of the vehicle, can unload the storer with minimal tension control during revaluation phases to meet, for example, criteria of "quality of the onboard network" . In addition, the device can control and limit the power taken by the storer in charge phase (or cancel). For example, it can limit the recharge power to reduce a mechanical torque to give priority to energy transfers from the engine to other systems. It can also limit the recharge power when the overall efficiency of the vehicle is not optimal (when the cost of producing mechanical power for the production of electrical energy is considered too high). The limitation can also be used to guarantee the integrity of the storer when certain intrinsic limits are reached (for example, the internal temperature of the storer, the life of the storer or a calendar criterion, etc.). management of the switch are further configured to determine a direction of transfer of electrical energy from the measured current, and to set the measured voltage value and / or measured current value in accordance with the limiting values when the measured value voltage and / or current does not comply with the limiting values of the determined direction of transfer. A particularly interesting embodiment consists in that the switch comprises a first and a second switch connected in series and head to tail, and in that the switch management means are configured to drive the first switch independently of the second switch, and to control the second switch independently of the first switch. Advantageously, the switch management means are configured to drive the first switch to limit a charging current of the electrical energy store and to limit a voltage across the electrical energy store during recharging, and to control the second switch for limiting a discharge current of the electrical energy store. Advantageously, it further comprises a sleep switch for transferring electrical energy from the electrical energy store when the vehicle is in a standby condition. Very advantageously, the voltage and current limiting values to be respected during the transfer of electrical energy to and from the electrical energy store include a maximum discharge current value of the electrical energy store, a value of discharge voltage 10 of the electric energy store, a minimum discharge voltage of the electric energy storage, a maximum charging voltage value and a maximum charging current value to be supplied to the electric energy storage. Very advantageously, the switch management means 15 are further configured to place the switch in a bidirectional pass state to effect unrestricted electrical power transfer to and from the electrical energy store when the measured voltage values are measured. and current measured comply with the limiting values. Very advantageously, the management means of the switch 20 are further configured to generate and send to a vehicle member a signal indicating that the voltage value or the current value of the electrical energy transfer was brought into conformity. with the limiting values, or that the voltage value and the current value of the electrical energy transfer were brought into compliance with the limiting values. In a very advantageous manner, the switch management means are furthermore configured to limit the voltage value and / or the current value in order to comply with power setpoints during the transfer of electrical energy from and to the storage device. electric energy. Very advantageously, it further comprises an additional switch and additional switch management means configured to activate the additional switch when they determine that the switch is faulty or operates in a degraded manner. Very advantageously, the switch is able to generate a warning signal when it operates in a degraded manner, and in that the management means are able to receive the warning signal and to stop the limitation of the voltage value and / or the current value. According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a system comprising the device as defined above and further comprising the electrical energy store, an electrical energy producer and an onboard network of a vehicle, the switch connecting the electrical energy store with the power producer and the onboard network, and the switch being able to transfer electrical energy from the electrical energy store to the onboard network, and to transfer energy electric generator from electric power to electric energy store. According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a motor vehicle comprising the system or the device as defined above. Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following detailed description of an embodiment of the invention given by way of non-limiting example and illustrated by the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 illustrates a chain of data processing relating to a state of an electrical energy storage of a vehicle for determining a mechanical torque setpoint enabling the storage of electrical energy to be recharged by an electric machine; Figure 2 illustrates a system comprising an electrical energy transfer management device according to the present invention; FIG. 3 illustrates a system comprising an electrical energy transfer management device according to the present invention and two electrical energy storage units downstream of the device; FIG. 4 illustrates a system comprising an electrical energy transfer management device according to the present invention as well as an electrical energy storage device downstream of the device and another electrical energy storage device upstream of the device; FIG. 5A illustrates an example of a switch of the electrical energy transfer management device comprising two switches connected in series and head-to-tail; - Figure 5B illustrates the switch connected in series and head to tail in the switch of the electrical energy transfer management device; FIG. 6 illustrates the system according to the present invention comprising a second switch in order to satisfy the dependability criteria of the system; Figure 7A illustrates a sleep switch; Figure 7B illustrates the electrical energy transfer management device according to the present invention including a sleep switch; FIG. 7C illustrates the electrical energy transfer management device according to the present invention including a sleep switch for a system including a plurality of electrical energy storage devices; 8 and 9 illustrate the electrical energy transfer management device 20 according to the present invention; - Figure 10 illustrates the control of the switches to manage current limitations; - Figure 11 illustrates the control of switches to manage voltage limitations; Figure 12 shows a table of the different modes of operation of the electrical energy transfer management device according to the present invention; - Figure 13 illustrates a predetermined power template for energy transfers; FIG. 14 illustrates a logic diagram of the operation of the system and of the electrical energy transfer management device according to the present invention in which the system includes an electrical energy store; Figure 15 illustrates a flow diagram of the operation of the system and the electrical energy transfer management device according to the present invention where the system includes a plurality of electrical energy storers; FIG. 16A illustrates an embodiment of a system including the electrical energy transfer management device according to the present invention; Fig. 16B shows a limitation of the energy store discharge current at 40A and a limitation of the energy store recharge current at 50A by the system of Fig. 16A as well as a bidirectional or one-way mode of operation without limitation; and Figure 17 illustrates a system including the electrical energy transfer management device according to the present invention and a filtering system. Figure 2 illustrates a system 1 comprising an electrical energy transfer management device according to the present invention. The system 1 comprises the electrical energy transfer management device 3, an electrical energy store 5, an electric power producer 7 and an edge network 9 of a vehicle. The electric power producer 7 is electrically connected on one side to a first terminal T1 of the device 3 and on the other side to the ground M. The edge network 9 is also electrically connected on one side to the first terminal T1 of the device 3 and the other side to the ground M. The electrical energy store 5 is electrically connected on one side to a second terminal T2 of the device 3 and on the other side to the ground M. electrical energy producer 7 and the on-board network 9 are electrically connected to the electrical energy storage unit 5 via the device 3.

The electrical energy store 5 is for example a battery such as an electrochemical battery (for example, lithium-ion or lead type), or a supercapacitor. The network 9 includes electrical elements of a vehicle such as computers and electrical equipment, for example, comfort equipment, security organs and other electrical equipment not falling into the categories mentioned above. The electric power producer 7 is, for example, an alternator, an alternator starter or a DC / DC converter (for example, a DC / DC converter or DC voltage converter). The electrical energy transfer management device 3 comprises a switch 11 able to transfer electrical energy to and from the electrical energy store 5 and management means 15 of the switch 11 configured to drive the switch. FIG. 2 illustrates a system 1 comprising an electrical energy store 5 downstream of the device 3. Alternatively, the system 1 may comprise two electrical energy stores 5A, 5B downstream of the device 3, as illustrated in FIG. , and the system includes a switch 11A, 11B associated with and connected to each electrical energy storage 5A, 5B. The system 1 may alternatively comprise an electrical energy store 5A downstream of the device 3 and another electrical energy store 5B upstream of the device 3, as shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 5A illustrates an example of the switch 11 comprising two switches 17A, 17B connected in series and head to tail. Switch 17 of switch 11 is illustrated in Figure 5B. When the switch 17 is in a first state 0 (open), it is able to pass a non-zero current from a side p of the switch 17 to a side m of the switch 17 when the value of the the voltage on the side p is greater than the value of the voltage on the side m (v (p)> v (m)), and it is able to pass no current from the side m to the side p in this first state O. When the switch 17 is in a second state 1 (closed), it is able to pass a non-zero current of a side p of the switch 17 to a side m of the switch 17 when the value of the voltage of the side p is greater than the value of the voltage on the side m (v (p)> v (m)), and it is able to pass a non-zero current of a side m of the switch 17 to a side p of the switch 17 when the value of the voltage of the side m is greater than the value of the voltage of the side p (v (m)> v (p)).

The switch 11 comprises two switches 17 connected in series and head-to-tail (Figure 5A). When the switch 17A and the switch 17B are in the first state 0, the switch 11 is configured to pass no current from the terminal T1 to the terminal T2 and no current from the terminal T2 to the terminal T1.

When the switch 17A is in the first state 0 and the switch 17B is in the second state 1, the switch 11 is configured to pass a negative current (or a zero current) from the terminal T2 to the terminal T1 when the value the voltage on the side Bm of the switch 11 is greater than the value of the voltage of the side Bp (v (Bm)> v (Bp)).

When the switch 17B is in the first state 0 and the switch 17A is in the second state 1, the switch 11 is configured to pass a positive current (or a zero current) from the terminal T1 to the terminal T2 when the value the voltage of the Bp side of the switch 11 is greater than the value of the voltage of the Bm side (v (Bp)> v (Bm)).

When the switch 17B is in the second state 1 and the switch 17A is also in the second state 1, the switch 11 is bidirectional and configured to pass a current from the terminal T1 to the terminal T2 and to pass a current of the terminal T2 at terminal T1. The switch 11 is furthermore capable of receiving a control signal from the management means 15 including a first control signal C1 for driving the switch 17A and a second control signal C2 for controlling the switch 17B. The control signals are PWM pulse width modulated signals (or signals modulated at a zero PWM frequency) making it possible to change the state of the switch 17A, 17B (to change from the state 0 to the state 1 and vice versa) for regulating the intensity of the current transferred by the switch 17A, 17B and the switch 11. The intensity of the transferred current is determined by the duty cycle of these signals.

The system 1 may further comprise a second switch 19 in order to satisfy the dependability criteria of the device 3 and the system 1 (FIG. 6). The second switch 19 is of different technology and nature of the switch 11 and it has a power supply and a control (management means 21) different from the switch 11.

The management means 21 are configured to activate the second switch 19 when the switch 11 is detected as faulty, or the switch 11 has degraded operation (for example, thermal dérating on one of the switches 17A or 17B) or when it is estimated that the efficiency of the switch 11 is lower than that which could be obtained by the second switch 19 (this is based on the assumption that the impedance of the second switch 19 is lower than the impedance of the switch 11). The device 3 may furthermore comprise a normally closed ON / OFF switch 23 (FIG. 7A) which, when the vehicle is in standby mode, shunts the switch 11 (switch is in a closed electrical state and has a resistance almost zero) in order to allow the power supply of the on-board system by the electrical energy storage unit 5. When the vehicle is in the waking state, the current flows through the switch 11 (switch 23 is in an open electrical state and has a infinite resistance). This is a non-electronic device. The switch 23 allows a transfer of energy when the vehicle is in standby and when the switch 11 does not work because the switches 17A and 17B are in the open state. FIG. 7B illustrates the device 3 comprising the standby switch 23 of FIG. 7A and the standby switch management means 25. The device 3 is connected to a single downstream electrical energy storage unit which supplies power to the standby switch 25. vehicle in all phases of life. Figure 7C illustrates the device 3 comprising the standby switch 23 and standby switch management means 25 for a system 1 including a plurality of electrical energy storage devices. In this configuration, in the vehicle standby phase, the fact that a main electrical energy storage unit upstream of the switch 11 does not have to discharge into the secondary electrical energy store (on the other side of the switch 11) is taken into account. On the other hand, it is accepted that the storer of secondary electrical energy can in certain situations be discharged into the on-board network (and thus into the main electrical energy store). The energy transfer is monodirectional and can only be done from the secondary electrical energy store to the onboard network and the main electrical energy storage. As illustrated in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the management means 15 of the switch 11 include a computer 27 able to receive (for example, from a vehicle calculator) voltage and current limiting values. respect during the transfer of electrical energy from and to the electrical energy store 5. The computer 27 further comprises storage means for storing these values. The limiting values include, for example: a set limit of maximum charging current of the electrical energy storage device 5 not to be exceeded for a consumption gain requirement (Seuil_max_l_Stockeur); -12- - an instruction to limit the maximum recharge voltage not to be exceeded for the protection of the electrical energy store (Seuil_max_U_Stockeur); a setpoint of maximum discharge voltage not to be reached for the protection of the on-board network (Threshold_max_U_RdB); a minimum discharge voltage setpoint not to be reached for the protection of the on-board network (Threshold_min_U_RdB); a maximum current limit threshold for recharging that must not be exceeded for the protection of the electrical energy store; and a maximum discharge current threshold constraint not to be exceeded for the protection of the electrical energy store (Threshold_min_l_Racker). The computer 27 is further adapted to receive measured values of voltage and current when transferring electrical energy to and from the electrical energy store. The measured values received are stored in the storage means. The measured values received by the computer 27 include, for example: a measurement of current upstream of the switch 11 on the edge of the network (I_RdB); A voltage measurement upstream of the on-board network switch 11 (U_RdB); a voltage measurement downstream of the switch 11 at the terminals of the electrical energy store (U_Stocker); and - a measurement of the current of the electrical energy store 25 (I_stocker). The computer 27 is furthermore capable of receiving: a measurement or estimate of the temperature of the electrical energy store; An estimate of the state of charge of the storer of electrical energy; an estimate of the aging of the electrical energy store. The device 3 includes an apparatus capable of estimating the values of the temperature, the state of charge and the aging of the electrical energy store, and able to supply the values to the computer 27. The computer 27 is configured to modify the values received as a function of the values received from the temperature of the electrical energy store, the state of charge of the electrical energy store and the aging of the electrical energy store. The device 3 furthermore includes apparatuses capable of measuring the voltage and current values mentioned above and able to supply the measured values to the computer 27. This provides a short response time and ensures a rapid reaction by the device 3. Attentively, all or part of the measurements can be deported and are then considered as data external to the system 1. For example, if the storage of electrical energy is instrumented (measurement of current and voltage), it is possible to to exploit this information. It should be noted that the position of the current measurement does not matter and it can be positioned either downstream or upstream of the switch 11. The computer 27 is configured to process the received values and to compare the values measured with the limiting values. It is further configured to determine a mode of operation of the switch 11 based on the received values and the result of this comparison, and to drive the switch in this operating mode. The switch 11 is controllable in voltage and current in the transfer of electrical energy from and to the energy store 5. As long as the current, the voltage and the power are in the template defined by the limiting values, it is There is no voltage clipping, current limiting or power limitation and the switch 11 behaves like a closed switch. If the current, voltage, or power is beyond the defined pattern, there is voltage clipping, or current limiting or power limitation, and switch 11 behaves as a bidirectional or unidirectional step-down chopper.

The device 3 always acts to make a limitation (as a step-down chopper) when it is necessary but it is not able to regulate in elevator. The device 3 behaves either as a step-down chopper or as a follower (switches 17A, 17B closed). It is configured to generate a control signal C1, C2, corresponding to the determined operating mode, for each switch 17A, 17B. The computer 27 is further configured to send the control signal C1 to the switch 17A and the control signal C2 to the switch 17B. These control signals make it possible to open and close the switches 17A, 17B in order to regulate the values of the voltage and the current associated with the energy transfer to and from the energy store 5 when a limitation of the current and / or voltage is needed. When current and / or voltage limitation is unnecessary or unnecessary, the computer 27 is configured to send the control signal C1 and the control signal C2 to close the switches 17A and 17B. The switch 11 is thus placed in a bidirectional state. The computer 27 is further configured to send the control signal C1 and the control signal C2 to open the switches 17A and 17B when the vehicle is in standby. The switch 11 is thus placed in an open and non-on state. The computer 27 is also configured to send the control signal C1 and the control signal C2 to place the switch 11 in a monodirectional on state. The device 3 is thus configured to allow the transfer of electrical energy only since (no recharge authorization) the electric energy store 5 or only -15- to (no discharge authorization) the storage container. 5. The device 3 is able to limit the voltage and current values in this direction of transfer when the measured voltage value and / or measured current does not respect the limiting values for this direction of transfer.

The device 3 is thus able to modify and limit the value of the voltage applied to the electrical energy store 5 and the value of the current supplied to the electrical energy store 5 (energy transfer from the producer 7 to the storage unit 5) in order to bring these values into compliance with the limiting values. It is also able to modify and limit the value of the current supplied from the electrical energy store 5 and the value of the voltage supplied from the electrical energy store 5 (energy transfer from the energy store) 5 to the onboard network) to bring these values into compliance with the limiting values. When the measured voltage value is greater than the maximum discharge voltage value or the maximum charging voltage value, or when the measured current value is greater than the maximum discharge current value or the maximum current value of recharge to be provided to the electrical energy store, the device 3 reduces the voltage value or the current value. However, when limiting the discharge voltage, the device 3 respects the minimum discharge voltage value of the electrical energy store, and is configured to stop the limitation when the voltage limitation reaches this minimum voltage value. discharge and the switch 11 is placed in an on state. The computer 27 is able to control the first switch 17A independently of the second switch 17B, and to drive the second switch 17B independently of the first switch 17A. It is also able to coordinate the control of the first switch 17A and the second switch 17B. When an intrinsic limitation to the switch 11 is reached, the limitation is stopped, the switch 11 is able to generate a warning signal when the switch 11 operates in a degraded manner, for example, when the temperature of the switch switch 11 (switches 17A, 17B) reaches a maximum temperature threshold. It is also able to send this signal to the management means 15. The management means 15 are able to receive the warning signal of the switch 11 and to stop the limitation and to place the switch 11 in an on state when the signal is received. The computer 27 is further configured to generate and send, to a vehicle member (for example, an electronic control unit (ECU)), a signal (Diag_Limitation) indicating that a restriction has been imposed by the device 3 on the values of the voltage and the current during the transfer of energy to or from the energy store 5. This allows the member to react and, for example, to lower a torque setpoint. The switch 17A is controlled to control the charging current of the electrical energy store (1> 0) and control the maximum voltage at the terminals of the electrical energy storage during charging. The switch 17B is controlled to control the discharge current of the electrical energy store (1 <0) taking into account the minimum and maximum voltage stress to be guaranteed on the on-board network (or conversely according to the positioning of the switches ). During an energy transfer (out of regulation / limitation) to the electrical energy store 5 to recharge the electrical energy store 5, a positive current 1> 0 passes between the terminals T1 and T2 and during a transfer. energy from the storage of electrical energy 5 (discharge of the storage of electrical energy 5), a negative current 1 <0 passes between terminals T1 and T2. When the current is zero I = 0, there is no charging or discharging of the electrical energy store 5. As illustrated in Figure 10 (and Figure 5A), a switch 17A or 17B is used to control an energy transfer to and from the electrical energy store 5 (out of regulation / limitation). Both switches 17A, 17B are used to handle current limitations. The switch 17B is controlled to control an energy transfer from the electrical energy store 5 (downstream upstream) and to limit the discharge current (the switch 17A being a state 0 (open)). The switch 17A is controlled to control an energy transfer to the electrical energy store 5 (downstream upstream) and to limit the load current (the switch 17B is in a state 0 (open)).

The two switches 17A, 17B are controlled to have bidirectional operation where a positive or negative current can pass between the terminals T1 and T2 of the switch 11 (out of limitation). As long as the measured current is in the range [Imax_ch: l_max_dech], the switches 17A, 17B are controlled to have this bidirectional operation.

The management of a voltage limitation during a transfer of energy to and from the electrical energy store 5 is illustrated in FIG. 11. A stress of the part is taken into account: maximum charging voltage and minimum voltage (discharge), as well as a vehicle constraint: minimum voltage to be guaranteed on the on-board network (priority with respect to the stress of the part). As illustrated in Figure 11, the two switches 17A, 17B are used to handle the voltage limitations. The switch 17B is controlled to control an energy transfer from the electrical energy store 5 (upstream downstream) and to limit the maximum voltage (the switch 17A being a state 0 (open)). The switch 17A is controlled to control an energy transfer from the electrical energy store 5 and to limit the minimum voltage (the switch 17B being a state 0 (open)). The switch 17A is controlled to control an energy transfer to the electrical energy store 5 (downstream upstream) and to limit the maximum voltage (the switch 17B is in a state 0 (open)). The switch 17A is controlled to control an energy transfer to the electrical energy store 5 and to limit the minimum voltage (the switch 17B being a state 0 (open)). Voltage limitation strategies are independent of current limiting strategies. The computer is configured to determine whether current limiting and voltage limitation is necessary by comparing the measured current and voltage values with the limiting values. It is further configured to determine the driving signals needed to perform current limiting and voltage limiting. The control of each switch 17A, 17B is the synthesis of constraints (limitations) current and voltage. As long as the voltage is included in the template [Tension_min: Tension_max], the limitation in tension (clipping) does not intervene. FIG. 12 shows a summary table of the different modes of operation of the switches 17A, 17B of the switch 11 and of the different operating modes of the switch 11. The switches 17A, 17B are put in a state 0 (open) in order to isolate the electrical energy store 5 and they are put in a state 1 (closed) to implement bidirectional operation. A downstream upstream unidirectional mode of operation (without limitation of the current or voltage) for charging the electrical energy store is implemented by closing switch 17A and opening switch 17B (PWM signals). zero frequency). A control signal having a non-zero PWM frequency is applied to the switches to limit the current and / or voltage in this mode of operation. An upstream downstream unidirectional operating mode (without limitation of the current or voltage) for discharging the storage of electrical energy is implemented by closing the switch 17B and opening the switch 17A if the value the downstream voltage (side of the electrical energy store) is greater than the value of the upstream voltage (producer side 7). A control signal having a non-zero PWM frequency is applied to the switches to limit the current and / or voltage in this operating mode. The computer 27 is further capable of calculating and applying power instructions during the charging and discharging phase. The energy transfer of power at the device 3 results in a product U * I and must meet the constraints below: - The product U * I must be included in a predetermined power template for energy transfers (Figurel3 ) which is stored in the storage means of the computer 27; - If there is a maximum recharge current constraint, the resulting limitation / voltage setpoint must make it possible to respect the power constraint (hold in the U * I template); - If there is a maximum recharge voltage constraint, the resulting limitation / current setpoint must be able to comply with the power constraint (hold in the template U * I); and - If there is a maximum discharge voltage constraint, the resulting limitation / current setpoint must make it possible to respect the power constraint (hold in the U * I template). As long as one is in the template, there is no clipping and no limitation of activated because the switch 11 is on and bidirectional (or unidirectional) current. When we arrive at the voltage or current lines illustrated in FIG. 13, there is a clipping, or current limitation by the device 3. The power setpoint is translated into the setpoint U and I and there are two power instructions: one for recharging the energy store 5 and another for the discharge. A zero power setpoint or a zero current limit for recharging and discharging the energy store 5 leads to "isolation" of the electrical energy store. When the power setpoint is zero for only recharging or discharging the energy store 5, the device 3 operates in a monodirectional manner. An operation of the device 3 and system 1 comprising an electrical energy store according to the present invention is illustrated in the flow chart of Fig. 14 and will now be described. In step 0, an initialization of the device 3 (and of the system 1) is performed or the device 3 comes out of a standby mode (where the energy transfer passes through the second switch 19). In step 1, a current I in the switch 11 and a steering strategy to be applied is determined. If 1> 0, go to step 2. If I <O, go to step 5. Otherwise, go to step 4. In step 2, a control mode switches 17A, 17B to manage the load is determined from the limiting values and different constraints / voltage setpoints (Umin and Umax) and current 15 (Threshold_max_load), and the state of the storer. If there are no constraints / limitations on voltage and current, then go to step 4 (bidirectional operation mode). If at least one constraint / limitation is reached, proceed to step 3 to regulate the voltage and / or current in order to meet the limitation (s) / constraint (s). In step 3, the switches 17A, 17B are controlled to ensure voltage and current limitations. In step 4, the switches 17A, 17B are controlled in bidirectional operation mode. In step 5, a control mode of the switches 17A, 17B for managing the discharge is determined from the limiting values and the different constraints / voltage setpoints (Threshold_min_RdB and Threshold_max_RdB) and current (Threshold_max_discharge), and the state of the storer. If there are no constraints / limitations on voltage and current, then go to step 4 (bidirectional operation mode). If at least one constraint / limitation is reached, proceed to step 6 to regulate the voltage and / or current in order to meet the limitation (s) / constraint (s). In step 6, the switches 17A, 17B are controlled to ensure the limitations in voltage and current.

In step 7, if there is fault detection, deicing or an energy optimum phase by the management means 21, the second switch 19 is activated. It is deactivated under the following rehabilitations conditions: (i) end of the de-rating mode, (ii) end of the energy optimum mode or (iii) disappearance of the fault following any intervention (key OFF <-> ON), or repair. An operation of the device 3 and the system 1 comprising a plurality of electrical energy storage devices according to the present invention is illustrated in the flow chart of FIG. 15 and will now be described. In step 0, an initialization of the device 3 (and of the system 1) is performed or the device 3 exits from a standby (where the energy transfer passes through the second switch 19). In step 1, a current I in the switch 11 and a control strategy to be applied is determined. If 1> 0, go to step 2. If I <O, go to step 5. Otherwise, proceed to step 4. In step 2, a control mode of the switches 17A, 17B to manage the load is determined from the limiting values and the various constraints / voltage (Umin and Umax) and current (Seuil_max_charge), and the state of the storer. If there are no voltage / current constraints / limitations, then step 4 (bidirectional operation mode) is performed. If at least one constraint / limitation is reached, proceed to step 3 to regulate the voltage and / or current in order to meet the limitation (s) / constraint (s). If during a discharge the value of the voltage of the electrical energy store becomes less than Umin and a DIAG information is normal, then step 7 is passed. The value of Umin is dependent on the technology of the storer of electrical energy and its state. In step 3, the switches 17A, 17B are controlled to ensure the limitations in voltage and current.

In step 4, the switches 17A, 17B are controlled in bidirectional operation mode. In step 5, a control mode of the switches 17A, 17B for managing the discharge is determined from the limiting values and different constraints / voltage setpoints (Threshold_min_RdB and Threshold_max_RdB) and current (Threshold_max_discharge), and the state of the storer. If there are no constraints / limitations on voltage and current, then go to step 4 (bidirectional operation mode). If at least one constraint / limitation is reached, proceed to step 6 to regulate the voltage and / or current in order to meet the limitation (s) / constraint (s). In step 6, the switches 17A, 17B are controlled to ensure the limitations in voltage and current. In step 7, an isolation of the electrical energy store is performed until the function is reset. There is an application of the instructions so that the switch 11 is functionally "open". DIAG information is communicated to take into account the information so that the strategy of management of the electrical energy takes into account the temporary "loss" of an electrical energy store. Resetting the function can only be performed by the customer, for example, during a next startup. In step 8, if there is fault detection, de-rating or an energy optimum phase by the management means 21, the second switch 19 is activated. It is deactivated under the following rehabilitations conditions: (i) end of the de-rating mode, (ii) end of the energy optimum mode -23- or (iii) disappearance of the fault following any intervention (key OFF <-> ON ), or repair. One embodiment of the system 1 is illustrated in FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B shows the limitation of the discharge current of the energy store at 40A and the limitation of the charging current of the energy store at 50A by this system 1 according to the present invention. invention as well as the bidirectional operation mode without limitation. It should be noted that if the system 1 is not sufficiently capacitive to damp the voltage variations on the side of the on-board network generated by the control of the switches 17A, 17B of the limit-mode switch, a filtering system 29 associated with the device 3 can be integrated in the system 1, as shown in Figure 17. In contrast to the strategy of recharging / discharging the traction battery used (control of the producer to control the transfer of power to and from the storer of electrical energy) which are based either on a state estimator (for example, a Kalman filter) or by "dichotomy", the mode of operation according to the present invention makes it possible to manage the storer of electrical energy locally (closer to the storer of electric energy) and not by indirect action. The management by the main generator also impacts all the electrical components present on the same network. An increase in the voltage of the generator is applied to both the storer of electrical energy. The solution according to the present invention impacts only the storer of electrical energy and not the network of board with the associated organs. Depending on the type of hybridization, currently the management of the state of charge of the electrical energy store is achieved by the voltage control of the alternator (remote control). In order to control this charge / discharge of the electrical energy store, the control setpoint has a resolution of 10mV. With the consideration of the present invention, it can be envisaged to reduce this resolution, since the "fine" control of the load of the electric energy store would be managed by the device 3. Another advantage is a -24- lower CPU and MUX network load (by reducing the size of the information passing through). The system according to the present invention allows local management of the energy transfer of the electrical energy store while taking into account the constraints of the onboard network and the electrical energy storage. For example, it is possible to reduce the recharging of the electrical energy storage unit not by reducing the voltage of the on-board network, for example to 12.5V (which impacts all the electrical components present on the same network) but by applying, for example, an onboard network voltage of 12.7V (or 15V if there are performance constraints) and driving the charging current setpoint to OA. In addition, a state of charge management strategy of the electrical energy storage can be applied independently of the current strategies for control of the load under the constraints of the voltage of the on-board network and a decorrelation of the constraints of the storage container. electrical energy and constraints of the onboard network. In addition, the management of the switches of the device is independent and complementary, so that the transition from a life phase charge / discharge is "naturally". There is no charge-to-discharge transition management (and vice versa) because this mode of operation is intrinsic to the technology and the associated control mode. In addition, it is possible to respect constraints specific to each technology of electrical energy storage (dl / dt, Imax, Umax, Umin, ...). In addition, the introduction of a lithium-ion type storage is not easy, there is a very high acceptance and the slightest change in voltage (for example 50mV) can cause a large variation of charging current. (eg 50A) it is not easy to master if there is not a dedicated system. With the device 3 according to the present invention, it is possible to dampen the large current variations (calls) during voltage variations. It is also possible to dispense with a controlled alternator since that is justified only by a regulation of the state of charge of the battery. In addition, a homogenization of high-level energy management strategies by dispensing with the technology of electrical energy storage is possible, and the high-level strategies are perennial over time. It will be understood that various modifications and / or improvements obvious to those skilled in the art can be made to the various embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims. For example, one or more electrical consumers can be added in parallel with the electrical energy store 5. In addition, a reversal of the control of the switches that reverses the control of the switches can be performed.

Claims (13)

REVENDICATIONS1. Device (3) for managing energy transfer from and to an electric energy storage (5) of a vehicle, comprising: - a switch (11) able to transfer electrical energy to and from the storage storer electric energy (5); and - management means (15) of the switch (11) configured to control the switch, and to receive measured values of voltage and current during the transfer of electrical energy to and from the electrical energy storage (5) ; characterized in that the switch management means (15) are further configured to receive voltage and current limiting values to be respected when transferring electrical energy to and from the electrical energy store (5), and for limiting a voltage value and / or a current value of the electric power transfer to set the measured voltage value and / or the measured current value in accordance with the limiting values when the measured voltage value and / or measured current does not respect the limiting values. 2. Device (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the management means (15) of the switch are further configured to determine a direction of transfer of electrical energy from the measured current, and to set the value measured voltage and / or current measured in accordance with the limiting values when the measured voltage and / or current value does not comply with the limiting values of the determined direction of transfer. 3. Device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch (11) comprises a first and a second switch (17A, 17B) connected in series and head to tail, and in that the means management (15) of the switch are configured to drive the first switch (17A) independently of the second switch (17B), and to control the second switch (17B) independently of the first switch (17A). 4. Device (3) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the management means (15) of the switch are configured to control the first switch (17A) to limit a charging current of the electrical energy store and to limit a voltage at the terminals of the electrical energy store during a recharge, and to control the second switch (17B) to limit a discharge current of the electrical energy store. 5. Device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a standby switch (23) for transferring electrical energy from the electrical energy storage (5) when the vehicle is in standby. 6. Device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltage and current limiting values to be respected during the transfer of electrical energy to and from the electrical energy store (5) include a maximum discharge current value of the electric energy storage device, a maximum discharge voltage value of the electric energy storage device, a minimum voltage discharge value of the electric energy storage device, a maximum voltage value of charging and a maximum charging current value to be supplied to the electrical energy store. 7. Device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the management means (15) of the switch are further configured to place the switch (11) in a bidirectional pass state to perform a transfer of electrical energy without limitation to and from the electrical energy store when the measured voltage and current values are within the limiting values. 8. Device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the management means (15) of the switch are further configured to generate and send to a vehicle member, a signal (Diag_Limitation) indicating that the voltage value or the current value of the electrical energy transfer was brought into compliance with the limiting values, or the voltage value and the current value of the electrical energy transfer were brought into compliance with the values of the limitation. 9. Device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the management means (15) of the switch are further configured to limit the voltage value and / or the current value in order to comply with power instructions. during the transfer of electrical energy to and from the electrical energy store (5). 10. Device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises an additional switch (19) and management means (21) of the additional switch (19) configured to activate the additional switch (19) when they determine that the switch (11) is faulty or operates in a degraded manner. 11. Device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch 11 is adapted to generate a warning signal when it operates in a degraded manner, and in that the management means ( 15) are adapted to receive the warning signal and to stop the limitation of the voltage value and / or the current value. 12. System (1) comprising the device (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises the storage of electrical energy (5), a producer (7) of electrical energy and an onboard network (9) of a vehicle, the switch (11) connecting the electrical energy storage (5) with the producer (7) of electrical energy and the onboard network (9), and the switch ( 11) being able to transfer electrical energy from the electrical energy store (5) to the on-board network (9), and to transfer electrical energy from the producer (9) of electrical energy to the storer of electrical energy (5). 13. Motor vehicle comprising the system (1) according to claim 12, or the device (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.