JP2012116811A - コーティング粒子 - Google Patents
コーティング粒子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2012116811A JP2012116811A JP2010270175A JP2010270175A JP2012116811A JP 2012116811 A JP2012116811 A JP 2012116811A JP 2010270175 A JP2010270175 A JP 2010270175A JP 2010270175 A JP2010270175 A JP 2010270175A JP 2012116811 A JP2012116811 A JP 2012116811A
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Abstract
【解決手段】医薬や農薬などの薬物を含有する核粒子に、20℃濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.10〜1.95mPa・sである、ヒドロキシアルキルセルロースを含有するコーティング剤を、噴霧等して核粒子表面に該コーティング剤を付着させることによって、核粒子と該核粒子を被覆するヒドロキシアルキルセルロースを含むコーティング層とを有するコーティング粒子を得る。
【選択図】図1
Description
そこで、本発明は、核粒子の凝集率がより低く且つドラッグレイヤリング効率がより高くなるコーティング粒子の製法および固形製剤などに好適なコーティング粒子を提供することを課題とするものである。
〈1〉 核粒子と、20℃濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.10〜1.95mPa・sのヒドロキシアルキルセルロースを含むコーティング層とを有するコーティング粒子。
〈2〉 コーティング層は、薬物粒子をさらに含む、前記〈1〉に記載のコーティング粒子。
〈3〉 核粒子の体積平均一次粒子径が100μm以下である、前記〈1〉または〈2〉に記載のコーティング粒子。
〈5〉 核粒子を流動層型、噴流層型または流動転動型コーティング装置に入れ、20℃濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.10〜1.95mPa・sのヒドロキシアルキルセルロースを含むコーティング剤を噴霧して、核粒子表面に該コーティング剤を付着させることを含む、コーティング粒子の製法。
また、本発明のコーティング粒子は、十分な錠剤強度と良好な崩壊時間とを有する錠剤などの固形製剤を提供することができる。
本発明のコーティング粒子は、核粒子と、該核粒子を被覆するコーティング層とを有するものである。該コーティング層はヒドロキシアルキルセルロースを含む。
本発明に用いられる核粒子は、有効成分(例えば、医薬や農薬であれば薬物、健康食品用有効成分)そのものからなる粒子であってもよいし、担体と有効成分との混合物からなる粒子であってもよいし、担体表面を有効成分で覆った粒子であってもよいし、有効成分を一切含まない担体のみからなる粒子であってもよい。核粒子は操作中に型崩れを起こすものでなければ特に制限なく使用できる。
医薬や農薬の有効成分である上記化合物のうち、塩形成部位を有する化合物では、その生理的又は薬学的に許容可能な塩(特に、医薬的または農薬的に許容可能な塩など)なども含まれる。
滑沢剤としては、例えば、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、タルク、蔗糖脂肪酸エステル、フマル酸ステアリルナトリウムなどが挙げられる。
pH調整剤としては、クエン酸塩、リン酸塩、炭酸塩、酒石酸塩、フマル酸塩、酢酸塩、アミノ酸塩などが挙げられる。
pH緩衝剤としては、クエン酸−クエン酸ナトリウム緩衝剤などが挙げられる。
界面活性剤として、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリソルベート、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコールなどが挙げられる。
安定化剤としては、例えば、トコフェロール、エデト酸四ナトリウム、ニコチン酸アミド、シクロデキストリン類などが挙げられる。
香料としては、例えば、メントール、ハッカ油、レモン油、バニリンなどが挙げられる。
流動化剤としては、例えば、軽質無水ケイ酸、含水二酸化ケイ素などが挙げられる。
清涼化剤としては、カンフル及びボルネオールなどのテルペン系化合物(モノテルペンアルコールなど)などの他、この前記テルペン系化合物を含む精油、エッセンス又はパウダー;ペパーミント、スペアミント、クールミントなどの精油、エッセンス又は粉末(パウダー);前記の精油又はエッセンスを粉末状担体(例えば、デキストリンなど)に吸着させたもの、精油又はエッセンスを賦形材(アラビアガムなど)及び液体基剤(水、アルコールなど)と混合し、粉粒化したものなどが挙げられる。
旨み成分としては、アミノ酸系旨み成分(アミノ酸又はその塩、例えば、グルタミン酸、グルタミン酸ナトリウム、グルタミン酸カリウム、グルタミン酸塩酸塩、グアニル酸ナトリウム、イノシン酸、イノシン酸ナトリウム、アルギニン−グルタミン酸塩、アスパラギン酸、アスパラギン酸ナトリウム、グリシン、アラニンなど)、ペプチド系旨み成分(L−グルタミル−L−グルタミン酸、L−グルタミル−L−セリンなどのジペプチド;トリ−L−グルタミン酸、L−グルタミル−L−グリシル−L−セリンなどのトリペプチドなど)、カルボン酸系旨み成分(コハク酸ナトリウムなどのカルボン酸塩など)などが挙げられる。
さらに鹹味(塩味)を有する甘味増強剤(又は鹹味剤)を含有してもよい。このような甘味増強剤としては、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、リン酸塩(リン酸水素カリウム、リン酸水素ナトリウムなど)などが例示できる。甘味増強剤(又は鹹味剤)は中性塩、例えば、ナトリウムイオン及び/又は塩素イオン(塩化物イオン)として解離する塩である場合が多い。
〈ヒドロキシアルキルセルロース〉
コーティング層に用いられるヒドロキシアルキルセルロースは、20℃濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.10〜1.95mPa・s、好ましくは1.50〜1.90mPa・sである。ヒドロキシアルキルセルロースの粘度が低くなりすぎると結合力が低下する傾向を示すようになる。一方、ヒドロキシアルキルセルロースの粘度が高すぎると、核粒子の凝集が多くなり、ドラッグレイヤリング効率が低下する。
薬物粒子としては、前記核粒子の説明において列挙した有効成分の粒子が挙げられる。
薬物粒子の大きさは、特に限定されないが、通常、核粒子よりも小さい大きさである。薬物粒子の体積平均一次粒子径は、好ましくは0.1μm〜100μm、より好ましくは0.5μm〜50μm、特に好ましくは1μm〜10μmである。
他のコーティング基剤としては、高分子基剤、無機粉粒、などが挙げられる。また、前記において、核粒子に含有させることができるものとして例示した添加剤を他のコーティング基剤として用いることができる。
アクリル系高分子としては、例えば、アミノアルキルメタアクリレートコポリマーE、メタアクリル酸−メチルメタアクリレートコポリマーなどが挙げられる。生体内分解性高分子としては、例えば、L−乳酸、D−乳酸、DL−乳酸、グリコール酸、ε−カプロラクトン、N−メチルピロリドンなどからなるホモポリマー、コポリマー又はこれらポリマーの混合物、ポリカプロラクタム、キチン、キトサンなどが挙げられる。ポリビニル系高分子としては、例えば、ポリビニルアセタールジエチルアミノアセテート、PVAコポリマーなどが挙げられる。
水溶性コーティング基剤としては、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、ポリビニルピロリドンなどが挙げられる。
コーティング方法としては、造粒ハンドブック(日本粉体工業技術協会編、オーム社)、経口投与製剤の処方設計(京都大学大学院薬学研究科教授 橋田充編、薬業時報社)、粒子設計工学(粉体工学会編、産業図書)、粒子設計と製剤技術(粉体工学会製剤と粒子設計部会 部会長 川島嘉明編、薬業時報社)のような刊行物に記載されている方法が挙げられるが、本発明では流動コーティング法が好ましく、特に噴流層コーティング法が好ましい。
20℃、濃度2%水溶液における粘度が2.2mPa・sのヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを濃度15%で水に溶解させた。この水溶液を熱して約62℃にした。ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースの一部がゲル化し析出した。上澄み液を分取した。上澄み液を水で希釈して、濃度2%ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース水溶液を得た。20℃における粘度は1.70mPa・sであった。上記上澄み液から水を除去して、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを得た。
加温温度を58℃に変えた以外は製造例1と同じ方法で、20℃、濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.84mPa・sのヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを得た。
加温温度を55℃に変えた以外は製造例1と同じ方法で、20℃、濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.93mPa・sのヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを得た。
(粒度分布、凝集率)
CCSSコーティング粒子の粒度分布を電磁振動篩器(筒井理化学器械社製、サンプル仕込み量1g)を用いて測定した。デジタルマイクロスコープで各フラクションの粒子を観察したところ、篩下積算%の対数正規確率プロットにおける屈曲点以上のフラクションにおいて凝集物が認められた。そこで、屈曲点以上に篩い分けられた粒子量の粒子全量に占める割合を凝集率とした。
CCSSコーティング粒子10mgを、容量100mlのメスフラスコに入れ、これに精製水を注ぎ入れた。CCSSを溶解抽出した。次いで精製水で100mlにメスアップした。この溶液を0.1μmのメンブランフィルターにてろ過した。紫外可視吸光光度計(UV−150−02、島津製作所社製)を用いて測定波長363nmにおけるろ液の吸光度を測定した。事前に作成した検量線に基き、測定された吸光度からCCSSの含有率を算出した。ドラッグレイヤリング効率は、コーティング操作で得られたコーティング粒子の全質量に、前記で算出されたCCSS含有率を乗算し、それをコーティング操作に仕込んだCCSSの全質量で除算することで求めた。
スプレー液を所定の噴霧圧で室温の開放環境下に噴霧させた。レーザー光散乱式粒度分布測定装置(LDSA−2400A,東日コンピュータアプリケーションズ社製)を用いてスプレーガン先端から40mmの位置で噴霧液滴を測定した。3回測定しその平均値を求めた。
製造例1で得られた20℃、濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.70mPa・sのヒドロキシプロピルセルロース1.5重量部を蒸留水80重量部に溶解させ、この溶液にカルバゾクロムスルホン酸ナトリウム(CCSS、平均粒子径4μm、三和ケミカル社製)4重量部を分散させてスプレー液(SL)を得た。
一次粒子径63〜75μmの乳糖50重量部を図1に示す噴流層コーティング装置(案内管の長さ170mm、排気用ブロワー周波数12Hz)に仕込み、温度65℃の空気(Air)を0.15m3/分で、前記スプレー液(SL)を1.4ml/分で、装置の下から所定噴霧圧で噴霧させた。排気温度は26〜30℃であった。
以上のコーティング操作によって、CCSSコーティング粒子を得た。評価結果を図2〜5に示す。
20℃、濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.70mPa・sのヒドロキシプロピルセルロースに代えて20℃、濃度2%水溶液における粘度が2.68mPa・sのヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを用いた以外は、実施例1と同じ方法でCCSSコーティング粒子を得た。評価結果を図2〜5に示す。
20℃、濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.70mPa・sのヒドロキシプロピルセルロースに代えて重量平均分子量約40000の高粘度ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP−40T、シグマアルドリッチ社製)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同じ方法でCCSSコーティング粒子を得た。評価結果を図2〜5に示す。
20℃、濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.70mPa・sのヒドロキシプロピルセルロースに代えて重量平均分子量約10000の低粘度ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP−10、シグマアルドリッチ社製)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同じ方法でCCSSコーティング粒子を得た。評価結果を図2〜5に示す。
ところが、実施例1と比較例1との対比では、本発明に係る低粘度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを用いた方が、高粘度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを用いたものよりも、ドラッグレイヤリング効率が高かった。
2:案内管
3:噴流流動層
4:ノズル
SL:スプレー液
Air:空気
Claims (5)
- 核粒子と、20℃濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.10〜1.95mPa・sのヒドロキシアルキルセルロースを含むコーティング層とを有するコーティング粒子。
- コーティング層は、薬物粒子をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のコーティング粒子。
- 核粒子の体積平均一次粒子径が100μm以下である、請求項1または2に記載のコーティング粒子。
- 20℃濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.10〜1.95mPa・sのヒドロキシアルキルセルロースを含むコーティング剤を噴霧して、核粒子表面に該コーティング剤を付着させることを含む、コーティング粒子の製法。
- 核粒子を流動層型、噴流層型または流動転動型コーティング装置に入れ、20℃濃度2%水溶液における粘度が1.10〜1.95mPa・sのヒドロキシアルキルセルロースを含むコーティング剤を噴霧して、核粒子表面に該コーティング剤を付着させることを含む、コーティング粒子の製法。
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