JP2012112577A - Kiln furnace, refractory construction method, and refractory block - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a refractory construction method which can easily construct the straight body of a converter or a blast furnace for iron and steel manufacturing, or a cylindrical kiln furnace such as ladle, and a refractory block.SOLUTION: The kiln furnace includes the body of a cylindrical kiln 1, an iron skin disposed in the inner surface of the kiln, and a lining refractory including a plurality of refractory blocks 4. Each of the plurality of refractory blocks 4 includes a hexagonal operation surface side end surface exposed to the center side of the kiln, and a hexagonal backside end surface larger than the operation surface side end surface. The plurality of refractory blocks 4 is arranged in a manner that the positions of the operation surface side end surfaces in the diameter direction of the kiln are aligned in a reference position defined with the axial center of the kiln set as a reference, arrayed at one stage or more in a ring shape in the circumferential direction of the iron skin inner surface, and stacked in a honeycomb shape.

Description

  The present invention relates to a converter, a blast furnace, a ladle such as a ladle, a refractory construction method, and a refractory block.

  In refining furnaces such as converters for the production of steel, rectangular permanent bricks called permanent tension are first applied to the furnace bottom and furnace wall on the inner skin of the furnace body. After that, a rectangular ware brick is pressed against the upper surface of the permanent brick and spread over the entire furnace bottom. After completing the construction of the ware brick on the bottom of the furnace, the basic procedure for building is to press the permanent brick on the same plane step by step along the furnace wall from the bottom of the furnace bottom to the top of the furnace wall. It is.

  In order to improve the efficiency of such a furnace construction work, various proposals have been conventionally made (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  Patent Document 1 relates to a brick stacking apparatus that can smoothly and quickly move bricks supplied by a conveying means to a predetermined position.

  Patent Document 2 proposes a brick stacking method in which two types of bricks having different shapes are arranged in a plurality of stages in a substantially circumferential shape in a predetermined order.

  In other words, in Patent Documents 1 and 2, bricks having a rectangular cross section are pressed and constructed one by one against the permanent brick surface.

JP-A-8-5262 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-9707

  However, in the configuration described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, it is necessary to position the brick in the circumferential direction at each stage, and there is a problem that it takes a long time to build the furnace.

  Moreover, when using a rectangular brick, each brick is the state supported by the binding force between the bricks of both sides. For this reason, after the furnace building in the upright state is completed, for example, when the furnace is tilted back and forth, if there is a place where the restriction between the bricks is weak, there is a problem that the phenomenon of falling off of the brick occurs at the time of tilting.

  Once such a drop-off phenomenon occurs, it is necessary to return the furnace to an upright state, remove the bricks from the upper part, return the drop-out part to its original position, push each brick again, and build the furnace again. is there. For this reason, it takes a long time to build the furnace.

  In addition, in the case of using a rectangular brick, it is important to strengthen the pressing on the permanent brick surface in order to control the falling-off as described above. At this time, there is a possibility that the iron skin may be deformed by the permanent brick being pressed against the iron skin. Furthermore, if the refractory block is arranged with the iron skin being deformed, joint opening may occur.

  In the present invention, when building a furnace, first, the axis of the furnace is obtained, and the hexagonal refractory block is fixed from the obtained furnace axis on both the inner surface of the furnace and the back side of the iron skin. By using the inner surface standard to build up on the basis of the distance (hereinafter referred to as "inner surface standard"), the brick furnace method, the refractory construction method, and the fireproofing improved the various problems of the existing technology described above It is about a thing block.

In order to achieve the above object, each aspect of the present invention has the following configuration.
(1) A kiln having a cylindrical kiln body, an iron skin disposed on the inner surface of the kiln, and a lining refractory material disposed inside the iron skin and including a plurality of refractory blocks. There,
Each of the plurality of refractory blocks has a hexagonal working surface side end surface exposed on the center side of the kiln, and a hexagonal back side end surface larger than the working surface side end surface,
The plurality of refractory blocks are arranged such that the position of the working surface side end surface along the radial direction of the kiln is aligned with a reference position defined with respect to the axis of the kiln, A kiln that is arranged in a ring shape along the circumferential direction and stacked in a honeycomb shape.
(2) A kiln having a cylindrical kiln body, an iron skin disposed on the inner surface of the kiln, and a lining refractory material disposed inside the iron skin and including a plurality of refractory blocks. There,
Each of the plurality of refractory blocks has a hexagonal working surface side end surface exposed on the center side of the kiln, and a hexagonal back side end surface larger than the working surface side end surface,
The plurality of refractory blocks are arranged such that the position of the working surface side end surface along the radial direction of the kiln is aligned with a reference position defined with respect to the axis of the kiln, A kiln that is arranged in one or more spirals along the circumferential direction and stacked in a honeycomb shape.
(3) The kiln according to (1) or (2), wherein an amorphous refractory or a refractory powder is filled between the refractory block and the iron skin.
(4) The said refractory block is a kiln in any one of (1)-(3) arrange | positioned through the thermal expansion absorption member which absorbs thermal expansion.
(5) The refractory block includes a metal plate and a metal gripping portion protruding from one surface of the metal plate, and further includes a block placement jig fixed using an adhesive and a bolt (1). The kiln in any one of (4).
(6) A refractory construction method in which a refractory is lined on the inner surface of a cylindrical kiln,
Seeking the axis of the kiln,
Laminating a refractory block having a hexagonal working surface side end surface and a hexagonal back side end surface larger than the working surface side end surface;
A plurality of the refractory blocks are arranged so that the positions of the end faces on the operating surface side along the radial direction of the kiln are aligned with a reference position defined with respect to the axis of the kiln,
A method for constructing a refractory, characterized in that a plurality of the refractory blocks are laminated in a honeycomb shape along a circumferential direction in a kiln.
(7) The refractory construction method according to (6), wherein the refractory block and the refractory block are formed in a hexagonal shape that is larger than the hexagonal working surface side end surface and the working surface side end surface. A half block of a shape obtained by cutting the rear side end face by a cutting plane equally divided into two trapezoids, and after installing the half block in a ring shape at a predetermined position on the bottom of the furnace, A refractory construction method in which one or more refractory blocks are laminated in a ring shape on the upper surface.
(8) The refractory construction method according to (6), wherein the refractory block and a plurality of divided refractory blocks obtained by obliquely cutting the refractory block at a predetermined angle, The dividing block is arranged at a predetermined position on the bottom surface of the furnace in the order of the size of the dividing block, and the center of the block before dividing is raised at a certain inclination angle with respect to the bottom surface of the furnace. The construction method of the refractory which arrange | positions minutes, and laminates | stacks one or more steps | paragraphs of refractory blocks spirally on those upper surfaces after that.
(9) A method for constructing a refractory according to any one of (6) to (8),
The refractory block includes a metal plate and a metal gripping portion protruding from one surface of the metal plate, and includes a block placement jig fixed using an adhesive and a bolt,
The construction method of the refractory material which lifts and arrange | positions the said refractory material block by holding | gripping the said control part.
(10) A refractory block for lining the inner surface of an iron shell of a cylindrical furnace, having a hexagonal working surface side end surface and a hexagonal back side end surface larger than the working surface side end surface A refractory block in which, when laminated, ridge lines formed by two surfaces constituting the left and right sides of the refractory block are gently inclined in directions opposite to each other from the working surface side to the back surface side.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the furnace construction of a kiln furnace trunk | drum can be implemented easily at the time of forming a substantially cylindrical kiln furnace.

  For this reason, even if it is not a skilled construction worker, in each stage, a predetermined refractory block is arranged for every predetermined interval, and the refractory block of the stage under work is predetermined between the installed refractory blocks in the lower stage. Positioning in the circumferential direction and the radial direction can be performed only by fitting in order.

  In addition, when using a conventional rectangular refractory block, since the refractory blocks are brought into contact with each other on a vertical surface, the restraining force in the circumferential direction cannot be generated by the weight of the refractory block, and the circumferential direction The restraining force is determined by the installation state (installation interval), and it is difficult to make the restraining force substantially constant. In the present invention, the refractory blocks are stacked in a honeycomb shape, so that On the other hand, since the refractory blocks are brought into contact with each other on the inclined surface, the restraining force in the circumferential direction can be generated by the weight of the refractory block, and this restraining force can be generated regardless of the installation state. Can be almost constant.

  Therefore, it is possible to prevent the refractory block from falling off when the kiln is tilted.

  In addition, since the refractory block can be installed based on the position of the end face on the working surface side, there is no need to press the refractory block against the permanent bricks, preventing deformation of the iron skin and the accompanying joint opening. It is possible to provide a kiln, a construction method thereof, and a refractory block that can be easily and quickly built.

  Furthermore, in structures such as converters and RH furnaces where a refractory block is placed inside the iron shell and high-temperature molten steel is injected therein, the refractory block expands due to the high-temperature molten steel. Attempts to do so, however, are constrained by the iron skin, causing circumferential heat stress in the refractory block, which may cause damage to the refractory block.

  In a conventional rectangular refractory block, the contact surface between the refractory blocks adjacent in the horizontal direction forms a vertical surface in the radial direction, and the refractory blocks adjacent in the vertical direction form a horizontal plane, so the horizontal plane is Although the stress is zero, a high stress is applied to the vertical plane, so that the expansion may cause crushing between the refractory blocks, which may cause damage to the refractory blocks. When the blocks are laminated in a ring shape with a roof-type refractory block arranged on the base, stress is dispersed and relaxed because there is no vertical surface in the radial direction. In addition, when the lamination is performed in a spiral shape, since there are no parallel surfaces, stress is applied from all adjacent surfaces, uniform stress is generated in the refractory block, and the stress is further relaxed.

  As a result, the risk of breakage of the refractory block is greatly reduced as compared with the conventional example and the case where the roof-type refractory block is arranged on the base and laminated in a ring shape one by one. Become.

It is a top view of the kiln concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which determines a furnace body axis | shaft from a trunnion axis | shaft. It is explanatory drawing which determines a furnace body axis | shaft from a bottom blowing tuyere. It is explanatory drawing which determines a furnace body axis | shaft by the least squares method using a laser scanner etc. FIG. It is a top view of the honeycomb block in the said embodiment. It is a figure from the inner end surface side of the honeycomb block in the embodiment. It is the figure which looked at the arrangement state of the half block and honeycomb block in the above-mentioned embodiment from the inside of a kiln. It is the figure which looked at the state which piled up the honeycomb block in the ring shape in the straight body part from the inside of the kiln. It is a three-sided view and a sketch of a hexagonal block used for ring-shaped stacking. It is the figure which looked at the state which piled up the hexagonal block spirally in the straight body part from the inside of the kiln. It is a three-view drawing and a sketch of a hexagonal block used for spiral stacking. It is a top view of the arrangement state of the honeycomb block in the embodiment. It is a schematic diagram explaining the state by which the refractory construction apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention was inserted in the converter. It is a front view showing the structure of the refractory construction apparatus in the said embodiment. It is a side view showing the structure of the refractory construction apparatus in the said embodiment. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the procedure of the construction method of the refractory material in the said embodiment. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the procedure of the construction method of the refractory material in the said embodiment. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the procedure of the construction method of the refractory material in the said embodiment. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the procedure of the construction method of the refractory material in the said embodiment. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the procedure of the construction method of the refractory material in the said embodiment. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the procedure of the construction method of the refractory material in the said embodiment. It is a schematic diagram showing the construction method of the refractory material used as the deformation | transformation of the said embodiment.

  In the present invention, for example, fired bricks or unfired bricks can be used as the lining refractory block on the inner surface of the iron skin of a cylindrical kiln. When fired brick is used, a hexagonal refractory block can be obtained by machining after creating a normal rectangular brick.

  Also, when using unfired bricks, press the raw powder using a hexagonal mold, or pour an amorphous refractory into the mold, and cure, dry, and heat-treat the refractory block. Obtainable. A hexagonal block may be used by joining a plurality of trapezoidal blocks in cross section.

  In addition, the refractory block operating surface side (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “inner surface”) and the rear surface side (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “outer surface”) end surfaces are flat, circular, and curved surfaces. Either may be sufficient.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to set the angle of the apex protruding in the circumferential direction at each end face (working face or back face) of the refractory block to around 120 °, specifically 115 to 125 °. If the angle is larger than 125 °, the restraining force in the circumferential direction cannot be sufficiently exerted, and if it is less than 115 °, the weight that acts on the portion including the ridgeline is increased and may be damaged. Because there is.

  In addition, the cylindrical kiln targeted by the present invention does not necessarily need to be a perfect cylinder, and may be a substantially cylindrical kiln.

  In the present invention, the refractory blocks are laminated in a honeycomb shape. For this reason, for example, even if some blocks are lost, adjacent refractory blocks will not fall out. For this reason, it is not necessary to press the refractory block to the iron skin side, and the refractory block can be arranged based on the position of the inner end face.

  Here, as in the prior art, when a rectangular refractory block is pressed against a permanent brick provided on the inner surface of the iron skin, that is, when positioning with reference to the outer end surface, usually from the inner end surface side where the installer is located It is difficult to confirm the outer end face. For this reason, there exists a possibility that it cannot position appropriately. Further, in such a case, the permanent brick may be pressed against the iron skin, so that the iron skin may be deformed. Further, if the refractory block is arranged with the iron skin being deformed, joint opening may occur.

  On the other hand, by arranging with reference to the inner surface, the installer can easily confirm the arrangement position, and the furnace can be constructed without damaging the iron skin.

  Moreover, in this invention, the structure filled with the irregular-shaped refractory material or refractory powder between the said refractory block and the said iron skin is desirable.

  Here, when a permanent brick is provided between the refractory block and the iron skin, the heat inside the kiln is transferred to the iron skin due to radiation through the gap between the bricks, and the iron skin temperature rises. The amount of heat released into the atmosphere will increase. In this case, it is necessary to spend extra energy to supplement the heat dissipated in the atmosphere.

  On the other hand, by filling refractory powder such as amorphous refractory and magnesia, it is possible to prevent an increase in the amount of heat dissipated in the atmosphere from the furnace body and to save energy. Further, the iron skin can be prevented from being deformed by overheating, and a stable kiln can be obtained.

  Furthermore, in this invention, the said refractory block has the structure arrange | positioned through the thermal expansion absorption member which absorbs thermal expansion.

  Here, as the thermal expansion absorbing member, any member having contractibility may be used. For example, a sheet such as cardboard, paper made of carbon fiber, or the like can be used.

  Moreover, after covering the thermal expansion absorption member on the outer peripheral surface of the refractory block, a procedure of arranging the refractory block may be adopted. Alternatively, a procedure for arranging a new refractory block after providing the thermal expansion absorbing member on the exposed surface of the arranged refractory block may be adopted.

  According to the present invention, by absorbing the thermal stress during operation of the furnace with the thermal expansion absorbing member, the stress acting on the refractory block can be reduced, and the life of the refractory block can be extended. .

The refractory construction method of the present invention is a refractory construction method in which a refractory is lined on the inner surface of the core of a cylindrical kiln furnace, and is a first-stage refractory installed at the bottom of the furnace. The following block arrangement methods are available.
(1) A refractory block having a hexagonal working surface side end surface exposed on the center side of the kiln and a hexagonal back side end surface larger than the working surface side end surface; A half-block with a trapezoidal section cut so that the end face on the surface side and the end face on the back side are cut in half. As a block, the position of the furnace in the radial direction is arranged with reference to the position of the end face on the working surface side, and arranged at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner surface of the iron skin, and adjacent half Between the split blocks, refractory blocks having hexagonal end faces are arranged along the circumferential direction, and the second and subsequent stages are laminated in a honeycomb shape.
(2) Using a refractory block similar to the above (1), cutting at the center of a pair of sides facing each other at the end face to produce a house-shaped half block, and It arrange | positions on the circumference of the predetermined position of a furnace bottom on the basis of an operation surface, and is set as the 1st step | level of a straight body part inner surface.

The hexagonal refractory block of the second stage is arranged in the V-shaped recess formed by the adjacent half block of the first stage, and thereafter the refractory blocks are stacked in the same manner and laminated in a honeycomb shape. .
(3) Using a refractory block for spiral stacking, a refractory block is divided by a virtual inclined surface in a state where the refractory block is arranged and laminated on the straight body portion, and a divided block is produced. As the first stage of the furnace bottom, it is arranged in the kiln with reference to the inner surface. In the second and subsequent stages, the refractory blocks are spirally stacked on the basis of the inner surface in a V-shaped groove portion formed by cooperation of the upper surfaces of adjacent divided blocks or refractory blocks arranged in the lower stage, and laminated in a honeycomb shape. .
(4) For example, an amorphous refractory is placed in a groove formed in advance at a predetermined position on the bottom of the furnace, and a hexagonal refractory block is placed on the inner surface of the refractory, and fixed to the first stage of the straight body portion. Eyes. The reason for forming the groove is to prevent the amorphous refractory or the like from directly touching the molten steel or the like.

  At that time, if the irregular refractory constituting the mounting surface of the refractory block is formed in a horizontal ring shape, the half block or the house-type half block of (1) or (2) described above is arranged. A stage can be obtained, and if a refractory block for spiral stacking is arranged as a predetermined inclined surface with respect to the furnace bottom, the first stage for stacking on the spiral of (3) can be obtained.

  Even if any of the above-described methods is adopted, the contact surface between the refractory blocks always includes an inclined surface, so that the contact surface is positioned by itself, and due to its own weight, frictional force is generated between adjacent refractory blocks. Since the restraining force is generated, it is possible to stack the refractory blocks having a rectangular shape in a ring shape stably and easily in a short time as compared with the case where the blocks are stacked in a ring shape.

  These methods (1) to (4) can be similarly applied to the case where the flat portion at the upper end of the furnace body is formed.

  Further, in the refractory construction method of the present invention, a block arrangement jig having a metal plate and a metal gripping portion protruding from one surface of the metal plate is prepared, and the metal plate of the block arrangement jig is prepared. Adhere to the inner end face of the refractory block and the inner end face of the halved block with an adhesive, and fasten the refractory block, the halved block, etc. The arrangement is preferred.

  Here, when the block placement jig is cantilever-fixed to the refractory block only with an adhesive, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient fixing force. In addition, when cantilever is fixed only by bolting, a gap is formed between the two and it is difficult to obtain a sufficient fixing force. In any of the above cases, the refractory block may fall during transportation. Therefore, in the present invention, a sufficient fixing force can be obtained even by cantilever fixing by using an adhesive and bolting together. Therefore, even if the gripping part is gripped by a construction machine or the like, the refractory block can be disposed without dropping, and the furnace construction can be easily mechanized and the work efficiency can be further improved.

  Furthermore, since the jig for block arrangement is made of metal, this jig can be melted during preheating and operation of the initial kiln. If the kiln is for refining metal, the melted jig can be used as a metal source without affecting the function of the kiln.

  The refractory block of the present invention is a refractory block for lining the inner surface of the core of the cylindrical body of a cylindrical kiln, and is a hexagonal working surface side end face exposed on the center side of the kiln, And a hexagonal back side end surface larger than the operating surface side end surface.

  By using the refractory block of the present invention, it is possible to construct a kiln easily and in a short time.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Overall configuration of kiln]
FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the kiln 1. The kiln 1 includes a cylindrical iron skin 2 whose lower surface is closed by a furnace bottom 21.

Inside the iron skin 2, a half block 3 and a honeycomb block 4 as a refractory block are provided. Here, in FIG. 1, all the half blocks 3 and the honeycomb blocks 4 are not labeled, but a large trapezoid among the large and small trapezoids arranged in a ring shape represents the half block 4. The half block 3 and the honeycomb block 4 are made of a refractory material having the same component. The half blocks 3 are arranged at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction at the bottom and top of the iron skin 2. Further, when the honeycomb block 4 is disposed, the positioning in the radial direction of the kiln 1 is performed with reference to the positions of the inner end surfaces 32 and 42 as the operation surface side end surfaces.
[Method for determining the core axis]
The inner end face is determined by, for example, determining the axis of the furnace body using the following method, and setting a predetermined equidistant surface from the axis as the inner end face.
(1) In the converter, a perpendicular line is drawn toward the center of the furnace bottom within a plane including the trunnion axis, and an equidistant cylindrical surface is determined as an operating surface with this as the central axis.

As shown in FIG. 2, the trunnion shaft 14 is a shaft extending in the horizontal direction from the trunnion ring 13 of the converter body, and the trunnion ring 13 and the vicinity thereof are regions where deformation of the iron skin is relatively small. There is a high possibility that the axis of the shaft 14 matches the diameter of the converter core. Therefore, regarding a kiln furnace in an upright state by regarding a straight line that forms the axis of the trunnion shaft 14 as a diameter, a line segment cut by the inner surface of the iron shell as a diameter, and a midpoint thereof as a point on the furnace body axis line, A vertical line is set up, which is assumed to be the furnace body axis 15 and is assumed to be the center of a circle.
(2) As shown in FIG. 3, in the bottom blown converter that is currently widely used, a plurality of gas tuyeres 16 are installed symmetrically with respect to the center of the furnace bottom. On the contrary, the center of the bottom of the furnace can be determined with the center of each tuyere 16 as a reference. From here, a vertical line is made to the furnace body in an upright state, the furnace body axis is assumed, and the center of the circle is assumed. The equidistant surface is defined as the inner end surface.
(3) A straight line connecting a point on the furnace body axis center of the trunnion shaft 14 determined in the above (1) and (2) and the center of the furnace bottom is determined as the furnace body axis.

The above (1) to (3) are methods for obtaining the axis from the center of one or two surfaces in the height direction of the furnace body.
(4) As shown in FIG. 4, after measuring the profile of the inner surface of the iron skin 12 with a laser scanner or the like, determining the planar shape of the inner surface of the iron skin at a predetermined height from the furnace bottom, and determining its center There is also a technique in which center points at the respective heights are determined, a straight line connecting these center points is determined by the least square method, and this is regarded as the axial center line of the furnace body.

  Furthermore, the honeycomb blocks 4 are arranged along the circumferential direction, and are further laminated in a honeycomb shape.

  That is, the circumferential position of the specific one-stage honeycomb block 4 and the circumferential position of the upper or lower one-stage honeycomb block 4 adjacent to the specific one-stage honeycomb block 4 are arranged so as to be shifted by half the width of the honeycomb block 4. Yes.

Further, a gap S having an interval of about 230 mm is provided between the iron shell 2 and the half block 3 and the honeycomb block 4. The gap S is filled with, for example, magnesia particles having a particle diameter of 1 mm to 5 mm as the refractory powder 5. Furthermore, the imitation paper 6 having a thickness of 2 mm as a thermal expansion absorbing member is attached to the outer peripheral surface 31 of the half block 3 and the outer peripheral surface 41 of the honeycomb block 4.
[Composition of honeycomb block]
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the honeycomb block 4 includes an outer peripheral surface 41, a hexagonal inner end surface 42 exposed on the inner lining inner surface of the kiln 1, and a hexagonal rear end surface that is larger than the inner end surface 42. And an outer end face 43. The height, width and depth dimensions of the honeycomb block 4 are set to appropriate sizes according to the width and height dimensions of the kiln 1 and the number of honeycomb blocks 4 installed in the circumferential direction and height direction. it can. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 115 degrees-125 degrees, and, as for angle (theta) of the top part which protrudes right and left in the inner side end surface 42 and the outer side end surface 43, it is more preferable to set it as 120 degrees.

  Further, at the time of construction of the kiln 1, an iron honeycomb block arranging jig 70 is fixed to the inner end face 42 of the honeycomb block 4. The honeycomb block arranging jig 70 is a metal plate smaller than the inner end face 42, and, for example, protrudes in a round bar shape having a diameter of, for example, 50 mm from an iron plate 71 having a thickness of 5 mm and a substantially center of one surface of the iron plate 71. Gripping portion 72. The honeycomb block arranging jig 70 is bonded to the inner end face 42 with an adhesive 74 made of phenol resin containing 5% by mass of an Al—Mg alloy, and is bolted with four bolts 75. Thus, the honeycomb block 4 is cantilevered.

The size of the iron plate 71 may be the same as that of the inner end face 42, but taking into consideration that the inner end faces of the adjacent honeycomb blocks 4 at the time of construction are in close contact with each other and workability, FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, it is preferable that the inner end face 42 is smaller.
[Refractory construction method]
When constructing the kiln 1, first, the dummy paper 6 as the thermal expansion absorbing member and the honeycomb block 4 provided with the half block arranging jig 76 as shown in FIG. 7 are prepared. Here, the half block arrangement jig 76 includes a trapezoidal iron plate 77 and a gripping portion 78. The iron plate 77 is cantilevered to the inner end face 32 (see FIG. 1) by an adhesive (not shown) and a bolt 75.

  Next, by holding the holding portion 78 with a construction machine (not shown), the halved blocks 3 are arranged at predetermined intervals on the furnace bottom portion 21 of the iron shell 2 as shown in FIG. At this time, the half block 3 is arranged on the inner surface reference. That is, the half block 3 is arranged so that the position of the inner end face 32 of the half block 3 is aligned with a predetermined reference position. Thereby, the clearance gap S can be formed reliably between the half block 3 and the iron skin 2, and collision of both can be prevented reliably.

  Thereafter, the honeycomb block 4 is disposed between the half blocks 3 on the inner surface basis by gripping the grip portion 72 with a construction machine. At this time, just by fitting the honeycomb block 4 between the half blocks 3, the honeycomb block 4 is properly positioned in the circumferential direction without any special positioning. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 8a, the honeycomb blocks 4 are arranged in a honeycomb shape with respect to the inner surface in the circumferential direction and the vertical direction.

  When the uppermost honeycomb block is arranged, the half block 3 is arranged between the honeycomb blocks 4 in the direction opposite to that when the half block 3 is arranged on the furnace bottom, and the upper surface is flattened. Thereafter, the refractory powder 5 is filled in the gap S, and the construction of the kiln 1 is completed.

  At the end of the furnace building, the honeycomb block arranging jig 70 and the half block arranging jig 76 remain in the kiln 1, but can be melted during preheating or operation of the initial kiln 1. It does not affect the function of the kiln.

  When the furnace 1 was actually built using the above construction method, it was confirmed that the furnace could be built in about one-tenth of the work period compared to the case of using a conventional rectangular brick.

  Further, after the kiln 1 was operated for about 4000 charges (cycles), the honeycomb block 4 was confirmed, and it was confirmed that none of the honeycomb blocks 4 had fallen off.

  If a honeycomb block is constructed using a mechanical device in this way, it is possible to use a honeycomb block having a larger mass than that when a honeycomb block is constructed manually (they can be 500 kg / piece or more), and the size of the honeycomb block. Can be expanded, and construction work can be automated and streamlined. Moreover, since the number of joints between refractories can be reduced to 1/10 or less of the conventional one by setting the refractory as a construction unit to about 500 kg / piece or more, mechanical construction is preferable.

  8a, instead of the halved block shown in FIG. 7, the house block is arranged in the first stage, and each refractory block 4 is rotated 90 ° from the state of FIG. 7 and stacked. The perspective view of a straight body inner surface is shown. FIG. 8 b is a three-side view and a sketch of the block used.

  FIG. 9a shows a perspective view of the inner surface of the straight body portion when the refractory blocks 4 are spirally stacked. FIG. 9b is a three-side view and a sketch of the block used.

  When stacked in a spiral shape, the same block shape as when stacked in a ring shape may be used, but as shown in FIG. If it forms so that it may incline in the up-down direction, it can be set as the block excellent in the stability at the time of lamination | stacking.

  At the time of stacking, as shown in FIG. 10, a block including a dummy paper 6 as a thermal expansion absorbing member and a refractory block holding jig 7 is arranged on the inner surface.

  Furthermore, as another embodiment of the construction apparatus for the refractory block (honeycomb block) of the present invention, the apparatus shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 can be used. When this device is used, a female screw portion is formed on the inner side of the refractory block instead of the grip portion 72 of FIG.

  The construction apparatus described in these drawings includes a refractory block holding mechanism, an axial movement mechanism, a radial movement mechanism, and a turning mechanism.

  The refractory block holding mechanism is a mechanism for holding a refractory block. A male screw part is formed at the tip and can be held by screwing with a female screw formed on the inner surface of the refractory block. The refractory block can be raised and lowered with a manual or hydraulic actuator or the like.

  Moreover, this refractory block holding mechanism can add a mechanism that can adjust the posture of the refractory block when the refractory block is installed.

  The axial movement mechanism is a mechanism that moves the refractory block held by the refractory block holding mechanism along the cylindrical axial direction of the smelting vessel, and a hydraulic actuator can be used.

  The radial movement mechanism is a mechanism for moving the refractory block held by the refractory block holding mechanism in the radial direction of the smelting vessel, and a hydraulic actuator can be used.

  The swivel mechanism is a mechanism for moving the refractory block held by the refractory block holding mechanism along the circumferential direction of the inner surface of the smelting vessel, for example, a ring-shaped frame formed with an inner gear, and a rotation It is possible to adopt a configuration including a rotation motor having a shaft and a pinion gear that meshes with a ring-shaped frame.

  Hereinafter, one embodiment at the time of using this construction device is described based on a drawing.

  FIG. 11 shows a state in which a honeycomb-shaped block 4 as a refractory is applied to the inner surface of the iron skin 2 of the converter 11 among the kilns according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  In this embodiment, the honeycomb block 4 is installed using the furnace construction apparatus fixed to the inner surface of the existing refractory block in an upright state.

  Alternatively, for ease of construction, the honeycomb block 4 may be constructed in a state where the converter 11 is tilted to the furnace front side using the space before the converter 11 and the tilting mechanism of the converter 11. .

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 13, you may carry out by the refractory block construction apparatus 8 with which the bottom part which can open | release the converter 11 is open | released, and is inserted inside. In addition, the refinement container which can be constructed with the refractory block construction apparatus 8 of the present invention is not limited to the converter 11, and any type can be used as long as it is a substantially cylindrical refining container such as a ladle.

  In any case, the axis of the refractory block construction device 8 when turning and moving in the radial direction is installed so as to match the axis determined by the above-described method of obtaining the furnace body axis.

  FIG. 12 is a plan view of the refractory block construction device 8 as seen from the axial direction of the cylindrical body of the converter 11.

  The refractory block construction apparatus 8 is installed inside the converter 11 and performs the swivel movement, the axial movement, and the radial movement around the axis of the obtained kiln while holding the honeycomb block 4. Thus, as shown in FIG. 12, the apparatus is constructed on the inner surface of the iron shell 2 of the converter 11, and includes a turning mechanism 9, a radial movement mechanism 100, an axial movement mechanism 110, and a refractory block holding mechanism 120. .

  The turning mechanism 9 is a mechanism that moves the honeycomb block in the circumferential direction of the inner surface around the furnace axis of the substantially cylindrical converter 11, and includes a ring frame 91, a support roller 92, a rotary motor 93, and a counter. A weight 94 is provided.

  The ring frame 91 is a ring-shaped steel frame, and an inner gear is formed on the inner peripheral edge of the ring.

  A plurality of support rollers 92 are fixed to the inner surface of the iron shell 2 of the converter 11, and support the ring frame 91 in the converter 11 so as to be rotatable.

  The rotation motor 93 is a hydraulic drive device that rotates the ring frame 91. A gear is provided on the drive shaft of the rotation motor 93, and this gear meshes with the inner gear of the ring frame 91. Is driven, the ring frame 91 rotates around the furnace body axis of the converter 11 as a central axis.

  The counterweight 94 is provided on the substantially opposite side of the refractory block holding mechanism 120 around the rotation center of the ring frame 91, and functions as a weight balance when the refractory block holding mechanism 120 holds the honeycomb block. .

  The radial movement mechanism 100 is a mechanism for moving the honeycomb block 4 held by the refractory block holding mechanism 120 in the radial direction of the furnace body axis of the converter 11. The radial movement mechanism 100 is provided on the turning mechanism 9, and includes a hydraulic cylinder 101, And a support arm 102.

  Two hydraulic cylinders 101 are provided on the ring frame 91 of the turning mechanism 9 at diametrical positions around the rotation center of the ring frame 91.

  The support arm 102 includes a pair of sliding portions arranged substantially in parallel, and an arm portion that connects the ends of the pair of sliding portions in a substantially semicircular shape and is provided with the axial movement mechanism 110. As the two hydraulic cylinders 101 slide the sliding part, the support arm 102 slides in the direction of the cylindrical radius of the converter 11. Note that the shape of the support arm 102 is not limited to this, and an asymmetric one-arm type or a link type may be employed.

  The axial movement mechanism 110 is a mechanism for moving the honeycomb block 4 held by the refractory block holding mechanism 120 in the axial direction of the furnace body of the converter 11, and the cylindrical movement arm 100 of the radial movement mechanism 100 has a cylindrical shape. A hydraulic cylinder 101 is provided at the distal end in the radial direction.

  The refractory block holding mechanism 120 is a mechanism for holding the honeycomb block 4, and is provided at an axial end of the furnace body of the converter 11 of the axial movement mechanism 110, and includes a center pin 121, a rolling jack 122, and a holding A cylinder 123 and a holding plate 124 are provided.

  The center pin 121 is attached to the approximate center of the honeycomb block 4 by screw tightening or the like, and is a portion that supports the load of the honeycomb block 4. The center pin 121 is connected to the tip of the center pin 121 via a rotatable joint such as a universal joint. A male screw portion is provided.

  The rolling jack 122 is a part that finely adjusts the posture of the honeycomb block 4 by pushing or pulling the honeycomb block 4 from the back when the honeycomb block 4 is constructed, and is configured by a manual hydraulic cylinder.

  The holding cylinder 123 is a portion that holds the end portion of the honeycomb block 4, and, like the center pin 121, a male screw portion is provided at the tip of the holding cylinder 123 via a rotatable joint such as a universal joint. ing.

  The holding plate 124 (the metal plates 71 and 77 are flat plates) supports the load of the honeycomb block 4 in a state in which the side surface L-shaped plate body is vertical.

  Various hydraulic actuators, hydraulic motors, and the like are used for the turning mechanism 9, the radial movement mechanism 100, the axial movement mechanism 110, and the refractory block holding mechanism 120 described above. Holding force, rotational force. A design that takes into account the rotational speed, radial moving speed, axial moving distance force, and speed is required.

  The holding force of the refractory block holding mechanism 120 is not limited as long as the honeycomb block 4 can be lifted when the honeycomb block 4 is assembled and the position of the applied honeycomb block 4 can be adjusted.

  Next, the construction procedure of the honeycomb block 4 by the refractory block construction apparatus 8 described above will be described with reference to FIGS.

  First, as the transportation of the honeycomb block 4 to the installation position of the converter 11 in the furnace, the honeycomb block 4 temporarily placed in the stock yard of the honeycomb block 4 is moved to the installation position in the furnace by a battery carriage and a transport carriage in the expansion tube. Transport.

  After that, the honeycomb block 4 conveyed to the set position of the honeycomb block 4 is loaded into the supply device of the honeycomb block 4 by the crane inside the expansion tube and the honeycomb block 4 conveyed to the set position of the honeycomb block is loaded into the supply device of the honeycomb block 4 by the crane inside the expansion tube. Move to the position where it can be held at 8.

  When the installation of the honeycomb block 4 in the furnace is completed, as shown in FIG. 14, the honeycomb block 4 to be constructed is arranged on the honeycomb block 4 that has already been constructed, and the refractory block holding mechanism 120 described above is arranged. The male pins of the center pin 121 and the holding cylinder 123 (not shown in FIGS. 14 to 18) are inserted into the holes of the connecting plate of the honeycomb block 4 and fastened with nuts to hold the honeycomb block 4.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 15, the axial movement mechanism 120 is operated to move the honeycomb block 4 to be constructed in the axial direction of the cylinder of the converter 11 (front side in the direction orthogonal to the paper surface). Then, as shown in FIG. 16, when the turning mechanism 9 is operated to turn the honeycomb block 4, the radial movement mechanism 100 is operated as shown in FIG. Move to. At this time, the posture of the honeycomb block 4 is adjusted while operating the rolling jack 122 (not shown in FIGS. 14 to 18) of the refractory block holding mechanism 120, and the honeycomb block 4 is guided to an appropriate position. When the installation of the honeycomb block 4 is completed, the holding cylinder 123 of the refractory block holding mechanism 120 is removed as shown in FIG.

  Each time the honeycomb block 4 is installed, a filler is pressed into the gap between the back surface and the honeycomb block 4. The filler press-fitting pump is preferably a double piston type with high pumping pressure, and may be integrally provided in the refractory block construction apparatus 8. Thereafter, this is repeated, and the honeycomb blocks 4 are sequentially constructed in the circumferential direction of the converter 11. However, for the last one, considering the shape of the honeycomb block, the honeycomb block 4 cannot be moved and inserted from the circumferential direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. The honeycomb block 4 is inserted from the direction (for the sake of simplicity, the shape of the honeycomb block 4 is described as a plate).

In order to achieve the object of the present invention that the construction efficiency and the number of joints are reduced, it is preferable that such a honeycomb block 4 is composed of 20 to 30 rings (one stage) as one construction unit. . In the above embodiment, the honeycomb block surface is provided with a female screw, and the refractory block holding mechanism 8 is provided with a male screw, and both are screwed together to hold the honeycomb block 4. 3 may be provided in the honeycomb block 4, and the refractory block holding mechanism 8 may be provided with a cylindrical holding body or the like that holds the holding portion 72.
(Modification of embodiment)
In the first embodiment described above, in the upright state, the refractory block construction apparatus 8 is moved up and down in the vertical direction, and the refractory block construction apparatus 8 that stacks the honeycomb blocks 4 from below is constructed. The refractory block construction apparatus 8 of the present invention is not limited to such a construction method.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 20, it is possible to construct the converter 11 in a state where the converter 11 is tilted approximately 90 degrees in the space in front of the furnace.

  After the 350t converter 11 is tilted and fixed at 90 degrees in front of the furnace as shown in FIG. 20, the rail-equipped honeycomb block 4 to which the refractory block construction device 8 of the present invention can sequentially move is installed on the charging wall side. The large-sized honeycomb block 4 is sequentially installed from the furnace bottom side by using the refractory block construction apparatus 8, and at the same time, from the opening provided in the honeycomb block 4, between the honeycomb block 4 and the iron skin 2. While pressing the filler, the refractory block construction device 8 was moved backward to the furnace front side, and the honeycomb blocks 4 were sequentially installed.

  About the outgoing steel hole part, it installed accurately and quickly by installing the refractory block in which the sleeve was already embedded.

  As a result, it was possible to reduce the number of man-hours for building furnaces to 1/10 compared with the case where conventional bricks were transported into the converter 11 and bricks were constructed manually. In addition, the wear index could be reduced by 15% and the lining life could be increased by 20%.

  In the examples of the present invention, it was confirmed that the construction time and construction man-hours were greatly reduced and the construction efficiency was extremely high.

  The mass of the honeycomb block 4 is 420 kg / piece, which is much larger than the conventional 35 kg / piece, and as a result, the number of joints can be greatly reduced. The lining life has also been greatly improved. The wear index is a value obtained by dividing a numerical value obtained by dividing a wear size by the number of heats used as an index with the conventional comparative example as 100. Further, the lining life is the actual number of operations of the converter 11 after the honeycomb block 4 and the conventional bricks are applied to the inside of the converter 11 and the lining process is performed until the next lining process is required. is there.

  According to the present invention, even if it is not a skilled construction worker, the refractory block is arranged at predetermined intervals in each stage, and the refractory block of the stage in operation is placed between the installed refractory blocks in the lower stage. Positioning in the circumferential direction can be performed only by fitting the. For this reason, the construction period can be greatly shortened.

1 Kiln Furnace 13 Trunnion Ring 14 Trunnion Shaft 15 Furnace Shaft 16 Tuyere 2 Iron Skin 3 Half Block 4 Honeycomb Block (Refractory Block)
44 connecting plate 45 refractory body 46 connecting piece 47 hole 48 bolt 49 pin 490 hook 5 refractory powder 6 imitation paper (thermal expansion absorbing member)
32, 42 Inner end face (working face side end face)
43 Outer end face (rear face)
70 Honeycomb block placement jig 71, 77 Iron plate (metal plate)
72, 78 Holding part 74 Adhesive 76 Half block arrangement jig 8 Refractory block construction device 81 Elevating mechanism 9 Turning mechanism 91 Ring frame 92 Support roller 93 Rotating motor 94 Counterweight 100 Radial direction moving mechanism 101 Hydraulic cylinder 102 Support Arm 110 Axial moving mechanism 120 Refractory block holding mechanism 121 Center pin 122 Rolling jack 123 Holding cylinder 124 Holding plate

Claims (10)

A cylindrical kiln body;
An iron skin disposed on the inner surface of the furnace,
A lining refractory disposed inside the iron skin and including a plurality of refractory blocks;
A kiln comprising:
Each of the plurality of refractory blocks has a hexagonal working surface side end surface exposed on the center side of the kiln, and a hexagonal back side end surface larger than the working surface side end surface,
The plurality of refractory blocks are arranged such that the position of the working surface side end surface along the radial direction of the kiln is aligned with a reference position defined with respect to the axis of the kiln, A kiln having one or more stages arranged in a ring shape along a circumferential direction and laminated in a honeycomb shape. A cylindrical kiln body;
An iron skin disposed on the inner surface of the furnace,
A lining refractory disposed inside the iron skin and including a plurality of refractory blocks;
A kiln comprising:
Each of the plurality of refractory blocks has a hexagonal working surface side end surface exposed on the center side of the kiln, and a hexagonal back side end surface larger than the working surface side end surface,
The plurality of refractory blocks are arranged such that the position of the working surface side end surface along the radial direction of the kiln is aligned with a reference position defined with respect to the axis of the kiln, A kiln characterized in that one or more stages are arranged spirally along the circumferential direction and laminated in a honeycomb shape.   The furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an amorphous refractory or a refractory powder is filled between the refractory block and the iron skin.   The said refractory block is arrange | positioned through the thermal expansion absorption member which absorbs thermal expansion, The kiln of any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The refractory block includes a metal plate and a metal gripping portion protruding from one surface of the metal plate, and further includes a block arrangement jig fixed using an adhesive and a bolt. Item 5. A furnace according to any one of Items 1 to 4. A refractory construction method for lining a refractory on the inner surface of a cylindrical kiln furnace,
Seeking the axis of the kiln,
Laminating a refractory block having a hexagonal working surface side end surface and a hexagonal back side end surface larger than the working surface side end surface;
A plurality of the refractory blocks are arranged so that the positions of the end faces on the operating surface side along the radial direction of the kiln are aligned with a reference position defined with respect to the axis of the kiln,
A method for constructing a refractory, characterized in that a plurality of the refractory blocks are laminated in a honeycomb shape along a circumferential direction in a kiln.   The refractory construction method according to claim 6, wherein the refractory block and the refractory block have a hexagonal rear surface end surface larger than the hexagonal operation surface side end surface and the operation surface side end surface. , And a half block of a shape cut by a cutting plane equally divided into two trapezoids, respectively, and after installing the half block in a ring shape at a predetermined position on the bottom surface of the furnace, A construction method of a refractory, characterized by laminating one or more refractory blocks in a ring shape.   The refractory construction method according to claim 6, wherein the refractory block and a plurality of divided refractory blocks obtained by obliquely cutting the refractory block at a predetermined angle are used. Arranged in a predetermined position on the bottom of the furnace in the order of the size of the divided blocks, and arranges one stage of the cylindrical part so that the center of the block before the division rises at a certain inclination angle with respect to the bottom of the furnace Then, one or more layers of refractory blocks are laminated on the upper surface of the refractory blocks in a spiral manner. It is a construction method of the refractory according to any one of claims 6 to 8,
The refractory block includes a metal plate and a metal gripping portion protruding from one surface of the metal plate, and includes a block placement jig fixed using an adhesive and a bolt,
A construction method for a refractory, characterized in that the refractory block is lifted and arranged by grasping the grip portion.   A refractory block for lining the inner surface of a steel furnace of a cylindrical furnace, which has a hexagonal working surface side end surface and a hexagonal back side end surface larger than the working surface side end surface, and is laminated In this case, the refractory block is characterized in that ridge lines formed by two surfaces constituting the left and right sides of the refractory block are gently inclined in the opposite directions from the working surface side to the back surface side.

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