JP2012057879A - Refrigeration cycle apparatus - Google Patents

Refrigeration cycle apparatus Download PDF

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JP2012057879A
JP2012057879A JP2010202488A JP2010202488A JP2012057879A JP 2012057879 A JP2012057879 A JP 2012057879A JP 2010202488 A JP2010202488 A JP 2010202488A JP 2010202488 A JP2010202488 A JP 2010202488A JP 2012057879 A JP2012057879 A JP 2012057879A
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heat
heat storage
heat exchanger
storage material
compressor
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JP5238001B2 (en
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Takashi Sugio
孝 杉尾
Kouji Kurisuya
広治 栗須谷
Satoshi Tokura
聡 十倉
Hirokazu Kamota
廣和 加守田
Kensho Yamamoto
憲昭 山本
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Panasonic Corp
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Panasonic Corp
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Priority to JP2010202488A priority Critical patent/JP5238001B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2011/001238 priority patent/WO2012032680A1/en
Priority to CN201180001938.XA priority patent/CN102523754B/en
Priority to KR1020117025692A priority patent/KR101726008B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a refrigeration cycle apparatus that reliably performs a defrosting operation for an outdoor heat exchanger.SOLUTION: The refrigeration cycle apparatus includes: a compressor 6, an indoor heat exchanger 16, an expansion valve 12, and the outdoor heat exchanger 14 which are connected via refrigerant tubes; and a thermal storage device 50 which includes a thermal storage medium 36 for storing heat generated by the compressor 6 and a thermal storage heat exchanger 34 for performing heat exchange between the heat stored in the thermal storage medium 36 and a refrigerant. The thermal storage device 50 includes an auxiliary heating device 52 which uses electricity to auxiliarily heat the thermal storage medium 36.

Description

本発明は、冷媒配管を介して接続された圧縮機、室内熱交換器、膨張弁および室外熱交換器と、圧縮機で発生した熱を蓄積する蓄熱材および蓄熱材に蓄積された熱と冷媒との間で熱交換を行う蓄熱熱交換器を有する蓄熱装置とを備える冷凍サイクル装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve and an outdoor heat exchanger connected via a refrigerant pipe, a heat storage material for storing heat generated by the compressor, and heat and refrigerant stored in the heat storage material. The present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus including a heat storage device having a heat storage heat exchanger that performs heat exchange with the heat storage device.

従来、ヒートポンプ式空気調和機による暖房運転時、室外熱交換器に着霜した場合には、暖房サイクルから冷房サイクルに四方弁を切り替えて除霜を行っている。この除霜方式では、室内ファンは停止するものの、室内機から冷気が徐々に放出されることから暖房感が失われるという欠点がある。   Conventionally, when the outdoor heat exchanger is frosted during the heating operation by the heat pump air conditioner, defrosting is performed by switching the four-way valve from the heating cycle to the cooling cycle. In this defrosting method, although the indoor fan is stopped, there is a disadvantage that a feeling of heating is lost because cold air is gradually discharged from the indoor unit.

そこで、室外機に設けられた圧縮機に蓄熱槽を設け、暖房運転中に蓄熱槽に蓄えられた圧縮機の廃熱を利用して除霜するようにしたものが提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   Therefore, a heat storage tank is provided in the compressor provided in the outdoor unit, and what is defrosted using the waste heat of the compressor stored in the heat storage tank during heating operation has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).

図６は、このような除霜方式を採用した冷凍サイクル装置の一例を示しており、室外機に設けられた圧縮機１００と四方弁１０２と室外熱交換器１０４とキャピラリチューブ１０６と、室内機に設けられた室内熱交換器１０８とを冷媒配管で接続するとともに、キャピラリチューブ１０６をバイパスする第１バイパス回路１１０と、圧縮機１００の吐出側から四方弁１０２を介して室内熱交換器１０８へ至る配管に一端を接続し他端をキャピラリチューブ１０６から室外熱交換器１０４へ至る配管に接続した第２バイパス回路１１２が設けられている。また、第１バイパス回路１１０には、二方弁１１４と逆止弁１１６と蓄熱熱交換器１１８が設けられ、第２バイパス回路１１２には、二方弁１２０と逆止弁１２２が設けられている。   FIG. 6 shows an example of a refrigeration cycle apparatus that employs such a defrosting method. The compressor 100, the four-way valve 102, the outdoor heat exchanger 104, the capillary tube 106, the indoor unit provided in the outdoor unit are shown. Is connected to the indoor heat exchanger 108 provided by the refrigerant pipe, the first bypass circuit 110 for bypassing the capillary tube 106, and the discharge side of the compressor 100 to the indoor heat exchanger 108 via the four-way valve 102. A second bypass circuit 112 is provided in which one end is connected to the connecting pipe and the other end is connected to the pipe extending from the capillary tube 106 to the outdoor heat exchanger 104. The first bypass circuit 110 is provided with a two-way valve 114, a check valve 116, and a heat storage heat exchanger 118, and the second bypass circuit 112 is provided with a two-way valve 120 and a check valve 122. Yes.

さらに、圧縮機１００の周囲には蓄熱槽１２４が設けられており、蓄熱槽１２４の内部には、蓄熱熱交換器１１８と熱交換するための潜熱蓄熱材１２６が充填されている。   Furthermore, a heat storage tank 124 is provided around the compressor 100, and the heat storage tank 124 is filled with a latent heat storage material 126 for exchanging heat with the heat storage heat exchanger 118.

この冷凍サイクルにおいて、除霜運転時には、二つの二方弁１１４，１２０が開制御され、圧縮機１００から吐出された冷媒の一部は第２バイパス回路１１２へと流れ、残りの冷媒は四方弁１０２と室内熱交換器１０８へと流れる。また、室内熱交換器１０８を流れた冷媒は暖房に利用された後、わずかの冷媒がキャピラリチューブ１０６を通って室外熱交換器１０４へと流れる一方、残りの大部分の冷媒は第１バイパス回路１１０へ流入し、二方弁１１４を通って蓄熱熱交換器１１８へと流れて蓄熱材１２６より熱を奪い、逆止弁１１６を通った後、キャピラリチューブ１０６を通過した冷媒と合流して室外熱交換器１０４へと流れる。その後、室外熱交換器１０４の入口で第２バイパス回路１１２を流れてきた冷媒と合流し、冷媒が持つ熱を利用して除霜を行い、さらに四方弁１０２を通過した後、圧縮機１００に吸入される。   In this refrigeration cycle, during the defrosting operation, the two two-way valves 114 and 120 are controlled to open, a part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 100 flows to the second bypass circuit 112, and the remaining refrigerant is the four-way valve. 102 and the indoor heat exchanger 108. In addition, after the refrigerant flowing through the indoor heat exchanger 108 is used for heating, a small amount of refrigerant flows to the outdoor heat exchanger 104 through the capillary tube 106, while the remaining most of the refrigerant passes through the first bypass circuit. 110 flows into the heat storage heat exchanger 118 through the two-way valve 114, takes heat from the heat storage material 126, passes through the check valve 116, and then merges with the refrigerant that has passed through the capillary tube 106 to the outdoor. It flows to the heat exchanger 104. After that, it merges with the refrigerant flowing through the second bypass circuit 112 at the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 104, performs defrosting using the heat of the refrigerant, passes through the four-way valve 102, and then enters the compressor 100. Inhaled.

この冷凍サイクル装置においては、第２バイパス回路１１２を設けることで、除霜時に圧縮機１００から吐出されたホットガスを室外熱交換器１０４に導くとともに、室外熱交換器１０４に流入する冷媒の圧力を高く保つことができるので、除霜能力を高めることができ、極めて短時間に除霜を完了することができる。   In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, by providing the second bypass circuit 112, the hot gas discharged from the compressor 100 during defrosting is guided to the outdoor heat exchanger 104 and the pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 104 Therefore, the defrosting ability can be increased, and the defrosting can be completed in a very short time.

特開平３−３１６６６号公報JP-A-3-31666

特許文献１に記載の冷凍サイクル装置においては、圧縮機１００から吐出された冷媒と、蓄熱熱交換器１１８を通過する際に蓄熱材１２６に蓄積された熱を奪った冷媒とが、室外熱交換器１０４に供給されることにより、室外熱交換器１０４の除霜運転が行われる。そのため、蓄熱材１２６に十分な熱が蓄積されていないような場合にあっては、室外熱交換器１０４の確実な除霜運転を行うことができない場合が生じ得る。   In the refrigeration cycle apparatus described in Patent Document 1, outdoor heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 100 and the refrigerant that has taken away the heat accumulated in the heat storage material 126 when passing through the heat storage heat exchanger 118. The defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger 104 is performed by being supplied to the cooler 104. Therefore, in a case where sufficient heat is not accumulated in the heat storage material 126, there may be a case where the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger 104 cannot be performed.

従って、本発明の目的は、上記問題を解決することにあって、室外熱交換器の除霜運転を確実に行うことが可能な冷凍サイクル装置を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration cycle apparatus capable of reliably performing the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger in order to solve the above problems.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明の冷凍サイクル装置は、冷媒配管を介して接続された圧縮機、室内熱交換器、膨張弁および室外熱交換器と、圧縮機で発生した熱を蓄積する蓄熱材および蓄熱材に蓄積された熱と冷媒との間で熱交換を行う蓄熱熱交換器を有する蓄熱装置とを備える冷凍サイクル装置であって、蓄熱装置は、蓄熱材を補助的に加熱する電気を用いた補助加熱装置をさらに備えたものである。   In order to achieve the above object, a refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention accumulates heat generated by a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve and an outdoor heat exchanger connected via a refrigerant pipe. A refrigeration cycle device comprising a heat storage material and a heat storage device having a heat storage heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the heat stored in the heat storage material and the refrigerant, wherein the heat storage device heats the heat storage material auxiliary An auxiliary heating device using electricity is further provided.

また、本発明の冷凍サイクル装置は、圧縮機と、圧縮機に接続された室内熱交換器と、室内熱交換器と接続された膨張弁と、膨張弁と接続された室外熱交換器と、を備え、室外熱交換器と圧縮機とが接続された冷凍サイクル装置であって、圧縮機を囲むように配置され、圧縮機で発生した熱を蓄熱する蓄熱材と、蓄熱材に蓄熱された熱とで熱交換を行う蓄熱熱交換器を有する蓄熱装置をさらに備え、室外熱交換器の除霜運転時には、圧縮機の吐出冷媒が室外熱交換器に導かれるとともに、室内熱交換器を介して蓄熱熱交換器に導かれ、室外熱交換器を通った後の冷媒と、蓄熱熱交換器で蓄熱材と熱交換された冷媒と、が合流して圧縮機の吸入側に導かれ、蓄熱装置は、蓄熱材を補助的に加熱する電気を用いた補助加熱装置をさらに備えたものである。   The refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention includes a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger connected to the compressor, an expansion valve connected to the indoor heat exchanger, an outdoor heat exchanger connected to the expansion valve, A refrigeration cycle apparatus in which an outdoor heat exchanger and a compressor are connected to each other, arranged so as to surround the compressor, and a heat storage material for storing heat generated by the compressor, and stored in the heat storage material. A heat storage device having a heat storage heat exchanger that exchanges heat with heat is further provided, and during the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is guided to the outdoor heat exchanger and is passed through the indoor heat exchanger. Then, the refrigerant that has been guided to the heat storage heat exchanger and passed through the outdoor heat exchanger and the refrigerant that has exchanged heat with the heat storage material in the heat storage heat exchanger join together and are guided to the suction side of the compressor to store heat. The device further includes an auxiliary heating device using electricity to supplementarily heat the heat storage material A.

本発明の冷凍サイクル装置によれば、蓄熱材を補助的に加熱する電気を用いた補助加熱装置を蓄熱装置が備えているため、圧縮機から受け取る廃熱だけでは除霜運転を実施するために必要な蓄熱量が不足するような場合に、補助加熱装置により不足分の熱を蓄熱材に与えることができる。したがって、冷凍サイクル装置において、室外熱交換器の除霜運転を確実に行うことができる。   According to the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention, since the heat storage device includes an auxiliary heating device that uses electricity to supplementarily heat the heat storage material, the defrosting operation is performed only with the waste heat received from the compressor. When the necessary heat storage amount is insufficient, the auxiliary heat device can provide the heat storage material with insufficient heat. Therefore, in the refrigeration cycle apparatus, the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger can be reliably performed.

本発明の実施の形態１に係る冷凍サイクル装置を備えた空気調和機の構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of the air conditioner provided with the refrigeration cycle apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 図１の空気調和機の通常暖房時の動作及び冷媒の流れを示す模式図The schematic diagram which shows the operation | movement at the time of normal heating of the air conditioner of FIG. 1, and the flow of a refrigerant | coolant. 図１の空気調和機の除霜・暖房時の動作及び冷媒の流れを示す模式図The schematic diagram which shows the operation | movement at the time of defrosting and heating of the air conditioner of FIG. 1, and the flow of a refrigerant | coolant. 図１の空気調和機の除霜・暖房運転を開始する手順を示すフローチャートThe flowchart which shows the procedure which starts the defrost and heating operation of the air conditioner of FIG. 本発明の実施の形態２に係る冷凍サイクル装置を備えた空気調和機の構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of the air conditioner provided with the refrigerating-cycle apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. 従来の冷凍サイクル装置の構成を示す模式図Schematic diagram showing the configuration of a conventional refrigeration cycle apparatus

第１の発明は、冷媒配管を介して接続された圧縮機、室内熱交換器、膨張弁および室外熱交換器と、圧縮機で発生した熱を蓄積する蓄熱材および蓄熱材に蓄積された熱と冷媒との間で熱交換を行う蓄熱熱交換器を有する蓄熱装置とを備える冷凍サイクル装置であって、蓄熱装置は、蓄熱材を補助的に加熱する電気を用いた補助加熱装置をさらに備えている。   The first invention relates to a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve and an outdoor heat exchanger connected via a refrigerant pipe, a heat storage material for storing heat generated by the compressor, and heat stored in the heat storage material. And a heat storage device having a heat storage heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the refrigerant, wherein the heat storage device further includes an auxiliary heating device using electricity for auxiliary heating of the heat storage material ing.

この構成によれば、圧縮機から受け取る廃熱だけでは除霜運転を実施するために必要な蓄熱量が不足するような場合に、補助加熱装置により不足分の熱を蓄熱材に与えることができ、冷凍サイクル装置において、室外熱交換器の除霜運転を確実に行うことができる。   According to this configuration, when the amount of stored heat necessary for performing the defrosting operation is insufficient with only the waste heat received from the compressor, the auxiliary heating device can supply the heat storage material with the insufficient heat. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger can be reliably performed.

第２の発明は、圧縮機と、圧縮機に接続された室内熱交換器と、室内熱交換器と接続された膨張弁と、膨張弁と接続された室外熱交換器と、を備え、室外熱交換器と圧縮機とが接続された冷凍サイクル装置であって、圧縮機を囲むように配置され、圧縮機で発生した熱を蓄熱する蓄熱材と、蓄熱材に蓄熱された熱とで熱交換を行う蓄熱熱交換器を有する蓄熱装置をさらに備え、室外熱交換器の除霜運転時には、圧縮機の吐出冷媒が室外熱交換器に導かれるとともに、室内熱交換器を介して蓄熱熱交換器に導かれ、室外熱交換器を通った後の冷媒と、蓄熱熱交換器で蓄熱材と熱交換された冷媒と、が合流して圧縮機の吸入側に導かれ、蓄熱装置は、蓄熱材を補助的に加熱する電気を用いた補助加熱装置をさらに備えている。   A second invention includes a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger connected to the compressor, an expansion valve connected to the indoor heat exchanger, and an outdoor heat exchanger connected to the expansion valve. A refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a heat exchanger and a compressor are connected, and is arranged so as to surround the compressor, and heat is generated by a heat storage material that stores heat generated by the compressor and heat stored in the heat storage material. A heat storage device having a heat storage heat exchanger that performs the exchange is further provided, and during the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is guided to the outdoor heat exchanger and the heat storage heat exchange is performed via the indoor heat exchanger. The refrigerant after passing through the outdoor heat exchanger and the refrigerant heat-exchanged with the heat storage material in the heat storage heat exchanger are joined together and guided to the suction side of the compressor. It further includes an auxiliary heating device using electricity for auxiliary heating of the material.

この構成によれば、圧縮機から受け取る廃熱だけでは除霜運転を実施するために必要な蓄熱量が不足するような場合に、補助加熱装置により不足分の熱を蓄熱材に与えることができ、冷凍サイクル装置において、室外熱交換器の除霜運転を確実に行うことができる。   According to this configuration, when the amount of stored heat necessary for performing the defrosting operation is insufficient with only the waste heat received from the compressor, the auxiliary heating device can supply the heat storage material with the insufficient heat. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger can be reliably performed.

第３の発明は、第１または第２の発明の冷凍サイクル装置において、蓄熱装置は、液体を蓄熱材として収容する蓄熱槽をさらに備えるようにしたので、金属等に対して比熱の大きな液体を用いて除霜運転に必要な量の熱を蓄積して、確実な除霜運転を行うことができる。   According to a third invention, in the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first or second invention, the heat storage device further includes a heat storage tank for storing the liquid as a heat storage material. The amount of heat required for the defrosting operation can be accumulated and a reliable defrosting operation can be performed.

第４の発明は、第１または第２の発明の冷凍サイクル装置の蓄熱装置において、蓄熱材として金属材料が用いられるようにしたので、液体を蓄熱材として用いた場合に液体の加熱により生じる沸騰などの現象が発生することがなく、また、金属が有する耐温特性を利用して大きな温度差を用いた熱の蓄積が可能となり、装置の小型化が図れる。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the heat storage device of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first or second aspect, since the metal material is used as the heat storage material, boiling caused by heating the liquid when the liquid is used as the heat storage material Such a phenomenon does not occur, and heat can be accumulated using a large temperature difference by utilizing the temperature resistance characteristic of the metal, and the apparatus can be miniaturized.

第５の発明は、第１から第４のいずれか１つの発明の冷凍サイクル装置において、前記蓄熱材に蓄積された熱が前記蓄熱熱交換器を介して熱交換された冷媒を、前記室外熱交換器に循環させることで、前記室外熱交換器の除霜運転を開始させるコントローラと、前記蓄熱材の温度を検出する蓄熱材温度センサとをさらに備え、前記コントローラは、前記蓄熱材温度センサが検出した温度に基づいて、前記除霜運転を開始する前に前記補助加熱装置による前記蓄熱材の加熱を開始させている。   According to a fifth invention, in the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, a refrigerant in which heat accumulated in the heat storage material is heat-exchanged via the heat storage heat exchanger is used as the outdoor heat. The controller further includes a controller that starts the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger by circulating the heat exchanger, and a heat storage material temperature sensor that detects a temperature of the heat storage material, and the controller includes the heat storage material temperature sensor. Based on the detected temperature, heating of the heat storage material by the auxiliary heating device is started before the defrosting operation is started.

この構成によれば、除霜運転が必要な場合に、蓄熱材温度センサにより検出された蓄熱材の温度により除霜運転のための蓄熱量の不足の有無をコントローラが判断して、補助加熱装置の加熱運転を必要に応じて行うことができ、除霜運転のための蓄熱材の効率的な加熱を行える。   According to this configuration, when the defrosting operation is necessary, the controller determines whether or not the heat storage amount for the defrosting operation is insufficient based on the temperature of the heat storage material detected by the heat storage material temperature sensor, and the auxiliary heating device The heating operation can be performed as necessary, and the heat storage material can be efficiently heated for the defrosting operation.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

（実施の形態１）
図１は、本発明の実施の形態１に係る冷凍サイクル装置を備えた空気調和機の構成を示しており、空気調和機は、冷媒配管で互いに接続された室外機２と室内機４とで構成されている。 (Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of an air conditioner including a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The air conditioner includes an outdoor unit 2 and an indoor unit 4 that are connected to each other through refrigerant piping. It is configured.

図１に示されるように、室外機２の内部には、圧縮機６と四方弁８とストレーナ１０と膨張弁１２と室外熱交換器１４とが設けられ、室内機４の内部には、室内熱交換器１６が設けられ、これらは冷媒配管を介して互いに接続されることで冷凍サイクルを構成している。   As shown in FIG. 1, a compressor 6, a four-way valve 8, a strainer 10, an expansion valve 12, and an outdoor heat exchanger 14 are provided inside the outdoor unit 2. A heat exchanger 16 is provided, and these are connected to each other via a refrigerant pipe to constitute a refrigeration cycle.

さらに詳述すると、圧縮機６と室内熱交換器１６は、四方弁８が設けられた第１配管１８を介して接続され、室内熱交換器１６と膨張弁１２は、ストレーナ１０が設けられた第２配管２０を介して接続されている。また、膨張弁１２と室外熱交換器１４は第３配管２２を介して接続され、室外熱交換器１４と圧縮機６は第４配管２４を介して接続されている。   More specifically, the compressor 6 and the indoor heat exchanger 16 are connected via a first pipe 18 provided with a four-way valve 8, and the indoor heat exchanger 16 and the expansion valve 12 are provided with a strainer 10. The second pipe 20 is connected. The expansion valve 12 and the outdoor heat exchanger 14 are connected via a third pipe 22, and the outdoor heat exchanger 14 and the compressor 6 are connected via a fourth pipe 24.

第４配管２４の中間部には四方弁８が配置されており、圧縮機６の冷媒吸入側における第４配管２４には、液相冷媒と気相冷媒を分離するためのアキュームレータ２６が設けられている。また、圧縮機６と第３配管２２は、第５配管２８を介して接続されており、第５配管２８には第１電磁弁３０が設けられている。   A four-way valve 8 is disposed in the middle of the fourth pipe 24, and an accumulator 26 for separating the liquid-phase refrigerant and the gas-phase refrigerant is provided in the fourth pipe 24 on the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 6. ing. The compressor 6 and the third pipe 22 are connected via a fifth pipe 28, and the first solenoid valve 30 is provided in the fifth pipe 28.

圧縮機６の周囲には蓄熱槽３２が設けられ、蓄熱槽３２の内部には、蓄熱熱交換器３４が設けられるとともに、蓄熱熱交換器３４と熱交換するための蓄熱材（例えば、液体が用いられ、一例としてエチレングリコール水溶液が用いられている。）３６が充填されており、蓄熱槽３２と蓄熱熱交換器３４と蓄熱材３６とで蓄熱装置５０を構成している。   A heat storage tank 32 is provided around the compressor 6, and a heat storage heat exchanger 34 is provided inside the heat storage tank 32, and a heat storage material (for example, liquid is exchanged) for heat exchange with the heat storage heat exchanger 34. And an ethylene glycol aqueous solution is used as an example.) 36 is filled, and the heat storage tank 32, the heat storage heat exchanger 34, and the heat storage material 36 constitute the heat storage device 50.

さらに、蓄熱装置５０は、蓄熱材３６を加熱するための補助加熱装置として電気ヒータ５２を備えている。電気ヒータ５２は、蓄熱槽３２に収容されている蓄熱材３６に浸積されるように、蓄熱槽３２の内部に配置されている。後述するように、この電気ヒータ５２は、蓄熱材３６に蓄積されている熱量が、除霜運転に必要な蓄熱量に不足している分を補うための補助的な加熱装置であり、冷凍サイクル装置の設置・運転環境（例えば、寒冷地設置等）などを考慮して蓄熱量の不足分を補えるように電気ヒータ５２の容量を設定すれば良い。また、蓄熱槽３２には、蓄熱材３６の温度を検出する蓄熱材温度センサ４６が設けられている。   Furthermore, the heat storage device 50 includes an electric heater 52 as an auxiliary heating device for heating the heat storage material 36. The electric heater 52 is disposed inside the heat storage tank 32 so as to be immersed in the heat storage material 36 accommodated in the heat storage tank 32. As will be described later, the electric heater 52 is an auxiliary heating device for supplementing the amount of heat stored in the heat storage material 36 that is insufficient for the amount of heat stored necessary for the defrosting operation, and the refrigeration cycle. The capacity of the electric heater 52 may be set so as to compensate for the shortage of the heat storage amount in consideration of the installation / operating environment of the apparatus (for example, installation in a cold region). The heat storage tank 32 is provided with a heat storage material temperature sensor 46 that detects the temperature of the heat storage material 36.

また、第２配管２０と蓄熱熱交換器３４は第６配管３８を介して接続され、蓄熱熱交換器３４と第４配管２４は第７配管４０を介して接続されており、第６配管３８には第２電磁弁４２が設けられている。   The second pipe 20 and the heat storage heat exchanger 34 are connected via a sixth pipe 38, the heat storage heat exchanger 34 and the fourth pipe 24 are connected via a seventh pipe 40, and the sixth pipe 38. Is provided with a second electromagnetic valve 42.

室内機４の内部には、室内熱交換器１６に加えて、送風ファン（図示せず）と上下羽根（図示せず）と左右羽根（図示せず）とが設けられており、室内熱交換器１６は、送風ファンにより室内機４の内部に吸込まれた室内空気と、室内熱交換器１６の内部を流れる冷媒との熱交換を行い、暖房時には熱交換により暖められた空気を室内に吹き出す一方、冷房時には熱交換により冷却された空気を室内に吹き出す。上下羽根は、室内機４から吹き出される空気の方向を必要に応じて上下に変更し、左右羽根は、室内機４から吹き出される空気の方向を必要に応じて左右に変更する。   In addition to the indoor heat exchanger 16, an air blower fan (not shown), upper and lower blades (not shown), and left and right blades (not shown) are provided inside the indoor unit 4, and indoor heat exchange is performed. The unit 16 exchanges heat between the indoor air sucked into the interior of the indoor unit 4 by the blower fan and the refrigerant flowing through the interior of the indoor heat exchanger 16, and blows out the air warmed by heat exchange into the room during heating. On the other hand, air cooled by heat exchange is blown into the room during cooling. The upper and lower blades change the direction of air blown from the indoor unit 4 up and down as necessary, and the left and right blades change the direction of air blown from the indoor unit 4 to right and left as needed.

圧縮機６、送風ファン、上下羽根、左右羽根、四方弁８、膨張弁１２、電磁弁３０，４２等はコントローラ４８（例えばマイコン）に電気的に接続され、圧縮機６、送風ファン、上下羽根、左右羽根、四方弁８、膨張弁１２の運転あるいは動作は、コントローラ４８からの制御信号に基づいて制御されるとともに、二つの電磁弁３０、４２はコントローラ４８からの制御信号に基づいて開閉される。さらに、蓄熱材温度センサ４６により検出された蓄熱材３６の温度は、コントローラ４８に入力可能とされているとともに、電気ヒータ５２はコントローラ４８に電気的に接続され、電気ヒータ５２の運転あるいは動作は、コントローラ４８からの制御信号に基づいて制御される。   The compressor 6, the blower fan, the upper and lower blades, the left and right blades, the four-way valve 8, the expansion valve 12, the electromagnetic valves 30, 42 and the like are electrically connected to a controller 48 (for example, a microcomputer). The operation or operation of the left and right blades, the four-way valve 8 and the expansion valve 12 is controlled based on a control signal from the controller 48, and the two electromagnetic valves 30 and 42 are opened and closed based on the control signal from the controller 48. The Further, the temperature of the heat storage material 36 detected by the heat storage material temperature sensor 46 can be input to the controller 48, and the electric heater 52 is electrically connected to the controller 48, and the operation or operation of the electric heater 52 is performed. Control is performed based on a control signal from the controller 48.

上記構成の本実施の形態１に係る冷凍サイクル装置において、各部品の相互の接続関係と機能について暖房運転時を例にとり冷媒の流れとともに説明する。   In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first embodiment having the above-described configuration, the mutual connection relationship and function of each component will be described together with the flow of the refrigerant, taking the heating operation as an example.

圧縮機６の吐出口から吐出された冷媒は、第１配管１８を通って四方弁８から室内熱交換器１６へと至る。室内熱交換器１６で室内空気と熱交換して凝縮した冷媒は、室内熱交換器１６を出て第２配管２０を通り、膨張弁１２への異物侵入を防止するストレーナ１０を通って、膨張弁１２に至る。膨張弁１２で減圧した冷媒は、第３配管２２を通って室外熱交換器１４に至り、室外熱交換器１４で室外空気と熱交換して蒸発した冷媒は、第４配管２４と四方弁８とアキュームレータ２６を通って圧縮機６の吸入口へと戻る。   The refrigerant discharged from the discharge port of the compressor 6 reaches the indoor heat exchanger 16 from the four-way valve 8 through the first pipe 18. The refrigerant condensed by exchanging heat with the indoor air in the indoor heat exchanger 16 passes through the second pipe 20 through the indoor heat exchanger 16, expands through the strainer 10 that prevents foreign matter from entering the expansion valve 12. To valve 12. The refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve 12 reaches the outdoor heat exchanger 14 through the third pipe 22, and the refrigerant evaporated by exchanging heat with the outdoor air in the outdoor heat exchanger 14 is the fourth pipe 24 and the four-way valve 8. And returns to the suction port of the compressor 6 through the accumulator 26.

また、第１配管１８の圧縮機６吐出口と四方弁８の間から分岐した第５配管２８は、第１電磁弁３０を介して第３配管２２の膨張弁１２と室外熱交換器１４の間に合流している。   The fifth pipe 28 branched from the compressor 6 discharge port of the first pipe 18 and the four-way valve 8 is connected to the expansion valve 12 of the third pipe 22 and the outdoor heat exchanger 14 via the first electromagnetic valve 30. I am joining in between.

さらに、内部に蓄熱材３６と蓄熱熱交換器３４を収納した蓄熱槽３２は、圧縮機６に接して取り囲むように配置され、圧縮機６で発生した熱を蓄熱材３６に蓄積し、第２配管２０から室内熱交換器１６とストレーナ１０の間で分岐した第６配管３８は、第２電磁弁４２を経て蓄熱熱交換器３４の入口へと至り、蓄熱熱交換器３４の出口から出た第７配管４０は、第４配管２４における四方弁８とアキュームレータ２６の間に合流する。   Furthermore, the heat storage tank 32 in which the heat storage material 36 and the heat storage heat exchanger 34 are housed is disposed so as to be in contact with and surround the compressor 6, and the heat generated in the compressor 6 is accumulated in the heat storage material 36, and the second The sixth pipe 38 branched from the pipe 20 between the indoor heat exchanger 16 and the strainer 10 reaches the inlet of the heat storage heat exchanger 34 via the second electromagnetic valve 42 and exits from the outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger 34. The seventh pipe 40 joins between the four-way valve 8 and the accumulator 26 in the fourth pipe 24.

なお、図１では、ストレーナ１０を、第２配管２０における第６配管３８との分流部分と膨張弁１２の間に配置したが、第２配管２０における室内熱交換器１６と第６配管３８との分流部分の間に配置しても、膨張弁１２への異物侵入を防止するという機能は保持することができる。   In FIG. 1, the strainer 10 is disposed between the diversion portion of the second pipe 20 and the sixth pipe 38 and the expansion valve 12, but the indoor heat exchanger 16 and the sixth pipe 38 in the second pipe 20 Even if it arrange | positions between these flow-dividing parts, the function of preventing the foreign material penetration | invasion to the expansion valve 12 can be hold | maintained.

ただし、ストレーナ１０には圧力損失があり、前者の配置にした方が、第２配管２０における第６配管３８との分流部分において、冷媒が第６配管３８側に流れやすくなり、第６配管３８から蓄熱熱交換器３４を通って第７配管４０に至るバイパス配管系の循環量が増加する。その結果、蓄熱材３６の温度が高く蓄熱熱交換器３４の熱交換能力が非常に大きい場合においても、蓄熱熱交換器３４の循環量が多いため、蓄熱熱交換器３４の後半部で過熱度が高くなって熱交換できなくなる現象が起こりにくくなり、蓄熱熱交換器３４の熱交換量が十分発揮されて、除霜能力も十分に発揮されるという利点がある。   However, there is a pressure loss in the strainer 10, and the former arrangement makes it easier for the refrigerant to flow to the sixth pipe 38 side in the part where the second pipe 20 is separated from the sixth pipe 38, and the sixth pipe 38. , The circulation amount of the bypass piping system that reaches the seventh piping 40 through the heat storage heat exchanger 34 increases. As a result, even when the temperature of the heat storage material 36 is high and the heat exchange capacity of the heat storage heat exchanger 34 is very large, the circulation amount of the heat storage heat exchanger 34 is large. As a result, it becomes difficult to cause a phenomenon that heat exchange becomes impossible, and there is an advantage that the heat exchange amount of the heat storage heat exchanger 34 is sufficiently exhibited and the defrosting capability is sufficiently exhibited.

次に、図１に示される空気調和機の通常暖房時の動作及び冷媒の流れを模式的に示す図２を参照しながら通常暖房時の動作を説明する。   Next, the operation during normal heating will be described with reference to FIG. 2 schematically showing the operation during normal heating and the flow of the refrigerant of the air conditioner shown in FIG.

通常暖房運転時、第１電磁弁３０と第２電磁弁４２は閉制御されており、上述したように圧縮機６の吐出口から吐出された冷媒は、第１配管１８を通って四方弁８から室内熱交換器１６に至る。室内熱交換器１６で室内空気と熱交換して凝縮した冷媒は、室内熱交換器１６を出て、第２配管２０を通り膨張弁１２に至り、膨張弁１２で減圧した冷媒は、第３配管２２を通って室外熱交換器１４に至る。室外熱交換器１４で室外空気と熱交換して蒸発した冷媒は、第４配管２４を通って四方弁８から圧縮機６の吸入口へと戻る。   During the normal heating operation, the first electromagnetic valve 30 and the second electromagnetic valve 42 are controlled to be closed, and the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port of the compressor 6 as described above passes through the first pipe 18 and the four-way valve 8. To the indoor heat exchanger 16. The refrigerant condensed by exchanging heat with the indoor air in the indoor heat exchanger 16 exits the indoor heat exchanger 16, passes through the second pipe 20, reaches the expansion valve 12, and the refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve 12 is the third refrigerant. It reaches the outdoor heat exchanger 14 through the pipe 22. The refrigerant evaporated by exchanging heat with outdoor air in the outdoor heat exchanger 14 returns from the four-way valve 8 to the suction port of the compressor 6 through the fourth pipe 24.

また、圧縮機６で発生した熱は、圧縮機６の外壁から蓄熱槽３２の外壁を介して蓄熱槽３２の内部に収容された蓄熱材３６に蓄積される。   Further, the heat generated in the compressor 6 is accumulated in the heat storage material 36 housed in the heat storage tank 32 from the outer wall of the compressor 6 through the outer wall of the heat storage tank 32.

次に、図１に示される空気調和機の除霜・暖房時の動作及び冷媒の流れを示す模式的に示す図３を参照しながら除霜・暖房時の動作を説明する。図中、実線矢印は暖房に供する冷媒の流れを示しており、破線矢印は除霜に供する冷媒の流れを示している。   Next, the operation during defrosting / heating will be described with reference to FIG. 3 schematically showing the operation of the air conditioner shown in FIG. 1 during defrosting / heating and the flow of refrigerant. In the figure, the solid line arrows indicate the flow of the refrigerant used for heating, and the broken line arrows indicate the flow of the refrigerant used for defrosting.

上述した通常暖房運転中に室外熱交換器１４に着霜し、着霜した霜が成長すると、室外熱交換器１４の通風抵抗が増加して風量が減少し、室外熱交換器１４内の蒸発温度が低下する。本発明に係る空気調和機には、図３に示されるように、室外熱交換器１４の配管温度を検出する温度センサ４４が設けられており、非着霜時に比べて、蒸発温度が低下したことを温度センサ４４で検出すると、通常暖房運転から除霜・暖房運転への指示がコントローラ４８から出力される。   When the outdoor heat exchanger 14 is frosted during the above-described normal heating operation and the frosted frost grows, the ventilation resistance of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 increases and the air flow decreases, and the evaporation in the outdoor heat exchanger 14 increases. The temperature drops. As shown in FIG. 3, the air conditioner according to the present invention is provided with a temperature sensor 44 that detects the piping temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 14, and the evaporation temperature is lower than that during non-frosting. When this is detected by the temperature sensor 44, an instruction from the normal heating operation to the defrosting / heating operation is output from the controller 48.

通常暖房運転から除霜・暖房運転に移行すると、第１電磁弁３０と第２電磁弁４２は開制御され、上述した通常暖房運転時の冷媒の流れに加え、圧縮機６の吐出口から出た気相冷媒の一部は第５配管２８と第１電磁弁３０を通り、第３配管２２を通る冷媒に合流して、室外熱交換器１４を加熱し、凝縮して液相化した後、第４配管２４を通って四方弁８とアキュームレータ２６を介して圧縮機６の吸入口へと戻る。   When the normal heating operation is shifted to the defrosting / heating operation, the first electromagnetic valve 30 and the second electromagnetic valve 42 are controlled to open, and in addition to the refrigerant flow during the normal heating operation described above, the first solenoid valve 30 and the second electromagnetic valve 42 are discharged from the discharge port of the compressor 6. After a part of the vapor-phase refrigerant passes through the fifth pipe 28 and the first electromagnetic valve 30 and merges with the refrigerant passing through the third pipe 22, the outdoor heat exchanger 14 is heated, condensed, and converted into a liquid phase. Through the fourth pipe 24, the four-way valve 8 and the accumulator 26 are returned to the suction port of the compressor 6.

また、第２配管２０における室内熱交換器１６とストレーナ１０の間で分流した液相冷媒の一部は、第６配管３８と第２電磁弁４２を経て、蓄熱熱交換器３４で蓄熱材３６から吸熱し蒸発、気相化して、第７配管４０を通って第４配管２４を通る冷媒に合流し、アキュームレータ２６から圧縮機６の吸入口へと戻る。   Further, a part of the liquid-phase refrigerant that is divided between the indoor heat exchanger 16 and the strainer 10 in the second pipe 20 passes through the sixth pipe 38 and the second electromagnetic valve 42, and then is stored in the heat storage material 36 in the heat storage heat exchanger 34. From the accumulator 26 and returns to the suction port of the compressor 6 through the seventh pipe 40 and the refrigerant that passes through the fourth pipe 24.

アキュームレータ２６に戻る冷媒には、室外熱交換器１４から戻ってくる液相冷媒が含まれているが、これに蓄熱熱交換器３４から戻ってくる高温の気相冷媒を混合することで、液相冷媒の蒸発が促され、アキュームレータ２６を通過して液相冷媒が圧縮機６に戻ることがなくなり、圧縮機６の信頼性の向上を図ることができる。   The refrigerant returning to the accumulator 26 includes the liquid phase refrigerant returning from the outdoor heat exchanger 14. By mixing this with the high-temperature gas phase refrigerant returning from the heat storage heat exchanger 34, The evaporation of the phase refrigerant is promoted, and the liquid phase refrigerant does not return to the compressor 6 through the accumulator 26, so that the reliability of the compressor 6 can be improved.

除霜・暖房開始時に霜の付着により氷点下となった室外熱交換器１４の温度は、圧縮機６の吐出口から出た気相冷媒によって加熱されて、零度付近で霜が融解し、霜の融解が終わると、室外熱交換器１４の温度は再び上昇し始める。この室外熱交換器１４の温度上昇を温度センサ４４で検出すると、除霜が完了したと判断し、除霜・暖房運転から通常暖房運転への指示がコントローラ４８から出力される。   The temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 that has become below freezing due to the attachment of frost at the start of defrosting and heating is heated by the gas-phase refrigerant discharged from the discharge port of the compressor 6, and the frost is melted near zero degrees. When melting is finished, the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 begins to rise again. When the temperature sensor 44 detects the temperature rise of the outdoor heat exchanger 14, it is determined that the defrosting is completed, and an instruction from the defrosting / heating operation to the normal heating operation is output from the controller 48.

次に、除霜・暖房運転を開始する際における電気ヒータ５２による蓄熱材３６の補助的な加熱運転について、図４に示すフローチャートを用いて説明する。なお、図４のフローチャートにおけるそれぞれのステップは、冷凍サイクル装置の各構成部がコントローラ４８により制御されて動作することにより実施される。   Next, an auxiliary heating operation of the heat storage material 36 by the electric heater 52 when starting the defrosting / heating operation will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. Each step in the flowchart of FIG. 4 is performed by operating each component of the refrigeration cycle apparatus under the control of the controller 48.

まず、図４のフローチャートのステップＳ１において、室外熱交換器１４の除霜運転（除霜・暖房運転）を実施する必要があるかどうかが、コントローラ４８により判断される。具体的には、室外熱交換器１４の配管温度（蒸発温度）が温度センサ４４により検出されて、この検出温度が予め設定された所定温度より低下した場合に、コントローラ４８が除霜・暖房運転の実施が必要と判断する。   First, in step S1 of the flowchart of FIG. 4, the controller 48 determines whether or not it is necessary to perform a defrosting operation (defrosting / heating operation) of the outdoor heat exchanger 14. Specifically, when the piping temperature (evaporation temperature) of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 is detected by the temperature sensor 44 and the detected temperature falls below a preset predetermined temperature, the controller 48 performs the defrosting / heating operation. It is judged that implementation of is necessary.

ステップＳ１において、除霜・暖房運転の実施が必要と判断された場合には、ステップＳ２において、蓄熱装置５０の蓄熱材３６の蓄熱量が、除霜運転を行うための必要な熱量に不足していいないかどうかが、コントローラ４８により判断される。具体的には、蓄熱材３６の温度が蓄熱材温度センサ４６により検出されて、この検出温度に基づいて、蓄熱材３６に蓄積されている熱量（蓄熱量）がコントローラ４８により算出される。また、コントローラ４８では、除霜運転の実施に必要な熱量の情報が記憶されており、蓄熱量と除霜運転の実施に必要な熱量とが比較されて、不足する熱量が算出されるとともに、不足する熱量を補うための蓄熱材３６の加熱温度が設定される。   If it is determined in step S1 that the defrosting / heating operation needs to be performed, in step S2, the heat storage amount of the heat storage material 36 of the heat storage device 50 is insufficient for the heat amount necessary for performing the defrosting operation. It is judged by the controller 48 whether it is not. Specifically, the temperature of the heat storage material 36 is detected by the heat storage material temperature sensor 46, and the amount of heat (heat storage amount) accumulated in the heat storage material 36 is calculated by the controller 48 based on this detected temperature. Further, in the controller 48, information on the amount of heat necessary for carrying out the defrosting operation is stored, and the amount of heat stored and the amount of heat necessary for carrying out the defrosting operation are compared to calculate the insufficient amount of heat, The heating temperature of the heat storage material 36 for supplementing the shortage of heat is set.

なお、コントローラ４８では、このように熱量を算出するような場合に代えて、検出された蓄熱材３６の温度を、除霜運転を行うために必要な熱量が確保できる予め設定された温度と比較することにより、蓄熱材３６の加熱温度を決定するようにしても良い。   Note that the controller 48 compares the detected temperature of the heat storage material 36 with a preset temperature at which the amount of heat necessary for performing the defrosting operation can be secured, instead of calculating the amount of heat in this way. By doing so, you may make it determine the heating temperature of the thermal storage material 36. FIG.

ステップＳ２において、蓄熱材３６の蓄熱量が不足していると判断された場合には、ステップＳ３にて電気ヒータ５２による蓄熱材３６の加熱運転が行われる。この加熱運転の実施中に、蓄熱材温度センサ４６により蓄熱材３６の温度が検出され、コントローラ４８にて設定された加熱温度に到達するまで、電気ヒータ５２による加熱運転が継続される（ステップＳ４）。   When it is determined in step S2 that the heat storage amount of the heat storage material 36 is insufficient, the heating operation of the heat storage material 36 by the electric heater 52 is performed in step S3. During the heating operation, the temperature of the heat storage material 36 is detected by the heat storage material temperature sensor 46, and the heating operation by the electric heater 52 is continued until the heating temperature set by the controller 48 is reached (step S4). ).

その後、ステップＳ４にて、蓄熱材３６の温度が設定温度に到達したことが確認されると、ステップＳ５にて除霜・暖房運転が開始され、蓄熱材３６に蓄積された熱が利用されながら圧縮機６の吐出口から吐出される気相冷媒により室外熱交換器１４の除霜が行われる。なお、除霜・暖房運転を開始する際には、加熱ヒータ５２は停止されるが、さらなる蓄熱材３６の加熱が必要な場合には加熱ヒータ５２を運転しても良い。   Thereafter, when it is confirmed in step S4 that the temperature of the heat storage material 36 has reached the set temperature, the defrosting / heating operation is started in step S5, and the heat accumulated in the heat storage material 36 is being used. The outdoor heat exchanger 14 is defrosted by the gas-phase refrigerant discharged from the discharge port of the compressor 6. The heater 52 is stopped when the defrosting / heating operation is started, but the heater 52 may be operated when further heating of the heat storage material 36 is necessary.

なお、ステップＳ２において、除霜運転を行うために必要な熱量が蓄熱材３６に蓄積されていると判断された場合には、電気ヒータ５２の加熱運転を行うことなく、ステップＳ５の除霜・暖房運転が行われる。   If it is determined in step S2 that the amount of heat necessary for performing the defrosting operation is accumulated in the heat storage material 36, the defrosting / defrosting in step S5 is performed without performing the heating operation of the electric heater 52. Heating operation is performed.

このように実施の形態１の冷凍サイクル装置によれば、蓄熱材３６を補助的に加熱する電気ヒータ５２を蓄熱装置５０が備えているため、圧縮機６から受け取る廃熱だけでは除霜運転を実施するために必要な蓄熱量が不足するような場合に、電気ヒータ５２の運転により不足分の熱を蓄熱材３６に与えることができる。したがって、冷凍サイクル装置において、室外熱交換器の除霜運転を確実に行うことができる。   As described above, according to the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the first embodiment, since the heat storage device 50 includes the electric heater 52 that supplementarily heats the heat storage material 36, the defrosting operation is performed only with the waste heat received from the compressor 6. When the amount of stored heat necessary for implementation is insufficient, the heat storage material 36 can be provided with insufficient heat by the operation of the electric heater 52. Therefore, in the refrigeration cycle apparatus, the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger can be reliably performed.

また、このような電気ヒータ５２による蓄熱材３６の加熱運転は、除霜運転を開始する直前に蓄熱材３６の蓄熱量の不足の有無をコントローラ４８が判断して、不足している場合のみに行われる。したがって、エネルギの効率的な利用を図ることができる。   Further, such a heating operation of the heat storage material 36 by the electric heater 52 is performed only when the controller 48 determines whether or not the heat storage amount of the heat storage material 36 is insufficient immediately before starting the defrosting operation and is insufficient. Done. Therefore, efficient use of energy can be achieved.

（実施の形態２）
図５は、本発明の実施の形態２に係る冷凍サイクル装置を備えた空気調和機の構成を示している。以下に実施の形態１との相違点についてのみ説明する。なお、図５では、コントローラ４８の図示を省略している。 (Embodiment 2)
FIG. 5 shows a configuration of an air conditioner including the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Only differences from the first embodiment will be described below. In FIG. 5, the controller 48 is not shown.

図５に示すように、実施の形態２に係る冷凍サイクル装置では、蓄熱装置１５０の蓄熱材１３６として金属材料（例えば、アルミニウム）が用いられており、この金属材料の蓄熱材１３６を加熱する電気ヒータ５２が備えられている。   As shown in FIG. 5, in the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 2, a metal material (for example, aluminum) is used as the heat storage material 136 of the heat storage device 150, and electricity for heating the metal material heat storage material 136 is used. A heater 52 is provided.

例えば、実施の形態１のように、蓄熱材３６として液体が用いられるような場合には、電気ヒータ５２の近傍の液体が加熱により沸騰する場合があり、沸騰により蓄熱材３６が蒸発して収容量が減少する可能性がある。これに対して、実施の形態２のように、蓄熱材１３６として金属材料を用いることにより、液体の沸騰という問題が生じることはない。   For example, as in the first embodiment, when a liquid is used as the heat storage material 36, the liquid near the electric heater 52 may boil by heating, and the heat storage material 36 is evaporated and accommodated by boiling. The amount can be reduced. On the other hand, by using a metal material as the heat storage material 136 as in the second embodiment, the problem of liquid boiling does not occur.

また、アルミニウムなどの金属材料では、その比熱が水などの液体に比して小さいが、金属材料が有する耐温特性により電気ヒータ５２による加熱温度を高めに設定することが可能である。そのため、蓄熱材１３６の温度差を大きく設定することができ、これにより必要な蓄熱量を確保することができる。また、このように温度差を大きく設定することで、蓄熱材１３６の大きさを小型化することもできる。さらに、蓄熱材１３６として金属材料を用いた場合には、蓄熱槽が不要となることからも、さらなる小型化を図ることができる。   In addition, although the specific heat of a metal material such as aluminum is smaller than that of a liquid such as water, the heating temperature by the electric heater 52 can be set higher due to the temperature resistance characteristics of the metal material. Therefore, the temperature difference of the heat storage material 136 can be set large, and thereby the necessary heat storage amount can be ensured. Moreover, the size of the heat storage material 136 can be reduced by setting a large temperature difference in this way. Further, when a metal material is used as the heat storage material 136, a heat storage tank is not necessary, and therefore further downsizing can be achieved.

なお、本発明は上述の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、以下のようにその他種々の態様で実施できる。     In addition, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, It can implement in another various aspect as follows.

例えば、蓄熱材３６として液体を収容する蓄熱槽３２は、電気ヒータ５２の加熱による液体の蒸発により液体の収容量が低減することを抑制するために、密閉性の高いものを用いることが好ましい。蓄熱槽３２の形成材料としては、樹脂材料および金属材料が考えられるが、密閉性の確保という観点からは金属材料を用いることが好ましい。   For example, as the heat storage material 36, it is preferable to use a heat storage tank 32 that has a high hermeticity in order to suppress a reduction in the amount of liquid stored due to evaporation of the liquid due to heating of the electric heater 52. As a material for forming the heat storage tank 32, a resin material and a metal material are conceivable. However, it is preferable to use a metal material from the viewpoint of ensuring sealing performance.

また、電気ヒータ５２は、蓄熱材３６、１３６を直接的あるいは間接的に加熱できるような配置であれば良く、例えば、電気ヒータ５２により蓄熱槽３２を加熱して、間接的に蓄熱材３６を加熱するようにしても良い。   Moreover, the electric heater 52 should just be the arrangement | positioning which can heat the thermal storage materials 36 and 136 directly or indirectly, for example, the thermal storage tank 32 is heated by the electric heater 52, and the thermal storage material 36 is indirectly heated. You may make it heat.

補助加熱装置としては、電気ヒータ以外の電気を用いた加熱装置を採用しても良く、例えば、電磁誘導を用いた加熱装置を採用しても良い。   As the auxiliary heating device, a heating device using electricity other than the electric heater may be employed, for example, a heating device using electromagnetic induction may be employed.

蓄熱材を補助的に加熱して不足する蓄熱量を補うという本発明の冷凍サイクル装置は、図１に示すような冷凍サイクルのみに限られず、蓄熱装置を用いて除霜運転を行うその他様々な冷凍サイクルを用いた装置にも適用できる。例えば、図６に示す従来の冷凍サイクル装置に対して、蓄熱材を補助的に加熱するという本発明の構成を適用しても良い。   The refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention, which supplements the heat storage amount that is deficient by supplementarily heating the heat storage material, is not limited to the refrigeration cycle as shown in FIG. The present invention can also be applied to an apparatus using a refrigeration cycle. For example, you may apply the structure of this invention of heating a heat storage material auxiliary with respect to the conventional refrigeration cycle apparatus shown in FIG.

また、冷媒配管を直接加熱するようなヒータを設置して、冷媒を加熱することで、蓄熱材の蓄熱量の不足を補うようにすることもできる。また、このような冷媒の補助的な加熱は、蓄熱材の加熱と併用することもできる。   Moreover, the shortage of the heat storage amount of a heat storage material can also be compensated by installing a heater that directly heats the refrigerant pipe and heating the refrigerant. Further, such auxiliary heating of the refrigerant can be used in combination with heating of the heat storage material.

なお、上記様々な実施形態のうちの任意の実施形態を適宜組み合わせることにより、それぞれの有する効果を奏するようにすることができる。   It is to be noted that, by appropriately combining arbitrary embodiments of the various embodiments described above, the effects possessed by them can be produced.

本発明に係る冷凍サイクル装置は、蓄熱材に蓄積された熱の不足を補助的に補うことができるため、除霜運転を確実に行うことができるので、空気調和機、冷蔵庫、給湯器、ヒートポンプ式洗濯機等に有用である。   Since the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the present invention can supplement the shortage of heat accumulated in the heat storage material, the defrosting operation can be performed reliably, so that the air conditioner, refrigerator, water heater, heat pump Useful for type washing machines.

２ 室外機、 ４ 室内機、 ６ 圧縮機、 ８ 四方弁、 １０ ストレーナ、
１２ 膨張弁、 １４ 室外熱交換器、 １６ 室内熱交換器、 １８ 第１配管、
２０ 第２配管、 ２２ 第３配管、 ２４ 第４配管、 ２６ アキュームレータ、
２８ 第５配管、 ３０ 第１電磁弁、 ３２ 蓄熱槽、 ３４ 蓄熱熱交換器、
３６，１３６ 蓄熱材、 ３８ 第６配管、 ４０ 第７配管、 ４２ 第２電磁弁、
４４ 温度センサ、 ４６ 蓄熱材温度センサ、 ４８ コントローラ、 ５０，１５０ 蓄熱装置、 ５２ 電気ヒータ。 2 outdoor units, 4 indoor units, 6 compressors, 8 four-way valves, 10 strainers,
12 expansion valve, 14 outdoor heat exchanger, 16 indoor heat exchanger, 18 first piping,
20 second piping, 22 3rd piping, 24 4th piping, 26 accumulator,
28 5th piping, 30 1st solenoid valve, 32 heat storage tank, 34 heat storage heat exchanger,
36,136 heat storage material, 38 sixth piping, 40 seventh piping, 42 second solenoid valve,
44 temperature sensor, 46 heat storage material temperature sensor, 48 controller, 50,150 heat storage device, 52 electric heater.

Claims (5)

冷媒配管を介して接続された圧縮機、室内熱交換器、膨張弁および室外熱交換器と、前記圧縮機で発生した熱を蓄積する蓄熱材および前記蓄熱材に蓄積された熱と冷媒との間で熱交換を行う蓄熱熱交換器を有する蓄熱装置とを備える冷凍サイクル装置であって、
前記蓄熱装置は、前記蓄熱材を補助的に加熱する電気を用いた補助加熱装置をさらに備える、冷凍サイクル装置。 A compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an outdoor heat exchanger connected via a refrigerant pipe; a heat storage material that stores heat generated in the compressor; and heat and refrigerant stored in the heat storage material A refrigerating cycle device comprising a heat storage device having a heat storage heat exchanger for exchanging heat between,
The heat storage device is a refrigeration cycle device further comprising an auxiliary heating device using electricity to supplementarily heat the heat storage material. 圧縮機と、前記圧縮機に接続された室内熱交換器と、前記室内熱交換器と接続された膨張弁と、前記膨張弁と接続された室外熱交換器と、を備え、前記室外熱交換器と前記圧縮機とが接続された冷凍サイクル装置であって、
前記圧縮機を囲むように配置され、前記圧縮機で発生した熱を蓄熱する蓄熱材と、前記蓄熱材に蓄熱された熱とで熱交換を行う蓄熱熱交換器を有する蓄熱装置をさらに備え、
前記室外熱交換器の除霜運転時には、前記圧縮機の吐出冷媒が前記室外熱交換器に導かれるとともに、前記室内熱交換器を介して前記蓄熱熱交換器に導かれ、前記室外熱交換器を通った後の冷媒と、前記蓄熱熱交換器で前記蓄熱材と熱交換された冷媒と、が合流して前記圧縮機の吸入側に導かれ、
前記蓄熱装置は、前記蓄熱材を補助的に加熱する電気を用いた補助加熱装置をさらに備える、冷凍サイクル装置。 A compressor, an indoor heat exchanger connected to the compressor, an expansion valve connected to the indoor heat exchanger, and an outdoor heat exchanger connected to the expansion valve, the outdoor heat exchange A refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a compressor and the compressor are connected,
A heat storage device that is disposed so as to surround the compressor, and further includes a heat storage material that stores heat generated by the compressor, and a heat storage heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the heat stored in the heat storage material;
During the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is led to the outdoor heat exchanger and led to the heat storage heat exchanger via the indoor heat exchanger, and the outdoor heat exchanger The refrigerant after passing through and the refrigerant heat-exchanged with the heat storage material in the heat storage heat exchanger are joined together and led to the suction side of the compressor,
The heat storage device is a refrigeration cycle device further comprising an auxiliary heating device using electricity to supplementarily heat the heat storage material. 前記蓄熱装置は、液体を前記蓄熱材として収容する蓄熱槽をさらに備える、請求項１または２に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。   The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage device further includes a heat storage tank that stores liquid as the heat storage material. 前記蓄熱装置において、前記蓄熱材として金属材料が用いられる、請求項１または２に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。   The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a metal material is used as the heat storage material in the heat storage apparatus. 前記蓄熱材に蓄積された熱が前記蓄熱熱交換器を介して熱交換された冷媒を、前記室外熱交換器に循環させることで、前記室外熱交換器の除霜運転を開始させるコントローラと、
前記蓄熱材の温度を検出する蓄熱材温度センサとをさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、前記蓄熱材温度センサが検出した温度に基づいて、前記除霜運転を開始する前に前記補助加熱装置による前記蓄熱材の加熱を開始させる、請求項１から４のいずれか１つに記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 A controller that starts the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger by circulating the refrigerant in which heat accumulated in the heat storage material is heat-exchanged through the heat storage heat exchanger to the outdoor heat exchanger;
A heat storage material temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the heat storage material;
5. The controller according to claim 1, wherein the controller starts heating the heat storage material by the auxiliary heating device before starting the defrosting operation based on the temperature detected by the heat storage material temperature sensor. 6. The refrigeration cycle apparatus described in 1.
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