JP2012055239A - Seeding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a seeding machine capable of accurately seeding by reliably settling seeds in soil inside a seeding ditch even though the seeds are small and seeded at shallow locations.SOLUTION: The seeding machine 1 seeds while running in an agricultural field by being towed by a tractor T. The seeding machine includes: a ditch making machine 3 for forming the seeding ditch 8 in the agricultural filed; a seed paying-out part equipped with a seed paying-out mechanism for discharging the seeds 9 to the seeding ditch 8; and a seed suppressing wheel 5 for settling the seeds 9 in the soil of the seeding ditch 8. The seed suppressing wheel 5 has the width being the same as or smaller than the opening width of the seeding ditch 8, and is forcibly rotated by being connected to a driving shaft 10 for transmitting a rotation force to the seeding machine 1.

Description

  The present invention relates to a seeder, and particularly to a seeder that can improve seeding accuracy and obtain reliable germination in seeding small seeds such as sugar beet.

  Vegetables are cultivated mainly in Hokkaido as one of the crop crops. In order to achieve stable management of crop rotation farmers, it is necessary to expand the management scale of sugar beet and other crops and secure income, but the troublesome transplantation of sugar beet is an obstacle to scale up, As a labor-saving cultivation method, the spread of direct sowing cultivation using a seeder is desired.

  Conventionally, seeds of sugar beet have been used by using a general-purpose seeder having a grooving device, a soil covering device, a soil covering pressure ring, and the like. A general-purpose seeder is a device that forms a streak-like sowing groove on the surface of the soil with a grooving device, discharges seeds into the sowing groove, covers the soil, and then presses down the soil covering near the sowing position with a soil-covering wheel. is there. A shoe-type groove-grower is widely used as a groove-grower. The soil covering pressure reducing wheel is used to reduce the soil of the soil covering portion after sowing and to fix the seeds at the sowing position. In the seeder, the rotational force is transmitted through a chain or the like using the rotation of the drive wheel as a power source.

  In addition, sugar beet has a coating seed size as small as about 5 mm in diameter, and hardly absorbs moisture for germination from the soil around the seed. For this reason, it is necessary to suppress the seeds that have been sown so as to firmly settle the seeds in the soil and to absorb moisture from the soil. Therefore, in the case of sugar beet, a seed suppression wheel that suppresses the seed sowed and the vicinity of the seed may be provided before covering.

  A conventional seed suppression wheel is connected to the seeder body and rotates due to contact resistance with the ground during tractor travel. However, when the seed pressure wheel rotates on the ground, wet soil may adhere to the surface of the seed pressure wheel, and the seed may adhere to the soil. The seed suppression wheel is to press seeds against the sowing groove and bury them in the bottom of the sowing groove, but when the seeds attached to the soil are rotated along with the rotation of the seed suppression wheel, the seeds are buried in the sowing groove. Not sowed in place. Even if the seeds are detached during the rotation of the seed suppression wheel, the seeds are exposed to the ground surface, and even if they cannot emerge or emerge, the sowing interval becomes irregular and affects the yield.

  Therefore, as a means for suppressing the adhesion of soil to the seed pressure ring, there is a method in which a scraper is provided below the seed pressure ring and the attached soil and seeds are scraped off. However, the seed pressure wheel is a rotating body with a small diameter that is almost the same width as the sowing groove, and conventionally it is driven only by the rotational force due to the contact resistance with the ground during tractor travel, so that the driving force is The rotation may stop due to the resistance of the scraper. Then, the seed pressing wheel is dragged in the traveling direction with the rotation stopped, so that the seed is dragged and the sowing interval becomes irregular. Or, the seeding groove is drained in a raschel shape to destroy the shape of the seeding groove, so that the seeds soaked deeper or the seeding position is not covered with the seeds and exposed to the ground surface. .

  Patent Document 1 describes a paddy rice seeding machine that uses a seed pressure ring wider than the groover to deepen the pressure of the paddy rice. Patent Document 1 describes that a seed pressure wheel is forcibly driven.

JP-A-9-215409

  However, Patent Document 1 is for paddy rice larger than sugar beet seeds, and has the following problems regarding sowing of small sugar beet.

  As described above, the coated seeds of sugar beet are as small as about 5 mm in diameter, and in order to promote germination, it is important to press the seeds on the surrounding soil and supply moisture from the soil to the seeds. In some cases, the suppression method is insufficient. Therefore, it is difficult to absorb moisture for germination from the soil around the seeds, and when the seeds are not suppressed to a sufficient and appropriate depth in the soil in the sowing groove, the germination rate is lowered, which affects the yield. Furthermore, since the depth of the sowing groove is as shallow as 1 to 2 cm, the seeds released from the sowing machine may jump out of the sowing groove, leading to a decrease in sowing accuracy.

  A shoe-type groove-grower is well known as a groove-grower used when making a groove having a seeding depth of about 1 to 2 cm. As shown in FIG. 5, the side plate 12 of the conventional shoe-type groove-grower 3 is used. The lower end 12a of the V-shaped cross section does not extend below the upper end 11b of the groove-forming portion 11 having a V-shaped cross section. Therefore, a gap 16 is generated between the side plate 12 of the groove producing device 3 and the ground surface 15 as shown in FIG. The sugar beet seeds 9 are small and are usually sown at a depth of 1 to 2 cm, so that the seeds 9 are likely to jump out of the seeding groove 8 and the seeds that have jumped out from the gap 16 as shown in the figure. There is a problem that the sowing accuracy is lowered by rolling to the ground surface 15.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a seeder capable of accurately sowing seeds in a soil in a seeding ditch, even if the seeds are sowed in a shallow and shallow position.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a sowing machine that is towed by a tractor while traveling in a field, and is a sowing machine that forms a sowing groove in the field, and releases seeds into the sowing groove. A seed feeding part having a seed feeding mechanism, and a seed suppression wheel for fixing seeds to the soil of the sowing groove, wherein the seed suppression wheel has a width equal to or smaller than the opening width of the sowing groove. The seeder is connected to a drive shaft that transmits a rotational force to the seeder and is forcibly rotated.

  The groove producing device has a groove forming portion having a V-shaped cross section extending in the advancing direction of the tractor and a pair of side plates disposed on both sides of the groove forming portion, and the lower end of the side plate is from the upper end of the groove forming portion. Is also preferably located below. You may make it the lower end of the said side plate located above the lower end of the said groove part by the dimension of sowing depth.

  It is preferable that the peripheral speed of rotation of the seed suppression wheel is the same as the traveling speed of the tractor.

  According to the present invention, small seeds such as sugar beet are reliably fixed on the soil in the sowing groove by pulling with a tractor or the like and performing normal sowing work, so that stable budding can be obtained.

It is a side view which shows the outline of the seeder concerning this invention. It is an enlarged view of the principal part of FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 2. The groove production device of the present invention is shown, (a) is a side view, (b) is an AA cross-sectional view of (a). A conventional shoe type groove maker is shown, (a) is a side view, (b) is a BB cross-sectional view of (a). It is a figure which shows the relationship between the circumferential speed ratio of the seed suppression wheel and seeding interval in the case of setting seeding interval 18.6cm in an Example. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the circumferential speed ratio of the seed suppression wheel and seeding interval in the case of the setting seeding interval of 20.1 cm in an Example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same functional configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  1-3 show an example of a seeder of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the seeder 1 is connected to the rear in the traveling direction of the tractor T, and operates while being pulled by the tractor T using the rotation of the drive wheels W as a power source. That is, for example, the rotation of the drive wheel W is transmitted from the link member connected to the drive wheel W to the sowing frame F via a chain or the like. The sowing frame F is connected by an elastic body that pressurizes in the ground direction, and can run and operate while corresponding to the unevenness of the scene. In the present specification, the front or rear refers to the front or rear in the traveling direction of the tractor.

  The sowing machine 1 of the present invention includes, in order from the front side in the advancing direction of the tractor T, a sowing position suppression wheel 2, a grooving device 3, a seed feeding unit 4 including a seed feeding mechanism and a seed hopper, a seed pressing wheel 5, a soil covering device. 6, The soil covering pressure reducing wheel 7 is provided, and these are attached to the sowing frame F connected to the tractor T so as to be movable in the vertical direction. The seeding machines 1 are provided in, for example, four rows in the left-right direction of the tractor T, and can perform four seeding operations simultaneously.

  The sowing position suppression wheel 2 is a roller for leveling in the vicinity of the sowing position. For example, a roller having a width of about 10 to 20 cm is used. Behind the sowing position suppression wheel 2 is provided a shoe-type grooving device 3 that forms a V-shaped groove having a depth of about 1 to 2 cm. Further, a predetermined grain is formed in the sowing groove formed by the grooving device 3. A seed feeding unit 4 having a seed feeding mechanism for releasing a number of seeds at predetermined intervals is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the groove producing device 3 is provided with a groove producing portion 11 having a V-shaped cross section for forming a V-shaped seeding groove 8 on the ground along the traveling direction of the seeder 1. A seed discharge port 14 at the tip of the shooter 13 that discharges the seed 9 from the seed feeding part 4 is disposed behind the rear end of the groove part 11. Moreover, the side plate 12 which protrudes from the both sides of the groove forming part 11 to the back rather than the position of the seed discharge port 14 behind the rear end of the groove forming part 11 is provided. The lower end 12a of the side plate 12 is positioned, for example, 5 mm or more lower than the upper end 11b of the cross section of the groove 11 having a V-shaped cross section. The lower end 12a of the side plate 12 is preferably located above the lower end 11a of the grooved portion 11 by the dimension of the seeding depth of the seed 9 to be sown, so that the lower end 12a is at the same height as the ground surface 15. Become. When this groove producing device 3 is used, as shown in FIG. 4, since the lower end 12a of the side plate 12 is substantially in contact with the ground surface 15 at the position of the seed discharge port 14, the seeds can be used even if the sowing depth is shallow. 9 is prevented from jumping out of the seeding groove 8, so that the seed 9 is reliably seeded in the seeding groove 8.

  In sugar beet, the size of the coated seed is as small as about 5 mm in diameter, and it is difficult to absorb moisture for germination from the soil around the seed. For this reason, it is necessary to suppress the seed sowed so that the seed is firmly fixed on the soil and absorb moisture from the soil below the seed. A seed suppression wheel 5 for this purpose is provided behind the seed feeding unit 4. The seed pressing wheel 5 has a width that is the same as or smaller than the opening width of the upper end of the V-shaped seeding groove 8, that is, the width of the groove 11 of the groover 3. As the seed pressure reducing wheel 5, for example, a roller having a groove formed on the outer periphery and an O-ring made of rubber or the like on the outer periphery of the roller, or a rubber tire-shaped member having a hollow inside is used. By pressing the seed 9 in the sowing groove 8 on the surface, the seed 9 is pressed without being damaged and fixed on the soil.

  The seed pressure reduction wheel 5 is connected to a drive shaft 10 that is connected to a drive wheel W and serves as a drive source of the seeding machine 1 via a chain. In the example of FIGS. 2 and 3, the three chain systems are connected by three systems of the first chain system 21, the second chain system 22, and the third chain system 23. Not exclusively. By being connected in this way, the rotational force of the drive shaft 10 is transmitted to the seed pressure wheel 5 via the chain systems 21, 22, and 23, and the seed pressure wheel 5 is forcibly rotated. Thereby, the seed pressure wheel 5 always rotates at a constant speed with respect to the ground, and the rotation is not hindered by the resistance of the scraper 24 or the like. Therefore, soil and seeds are dragged by the seed suppression wheel 5 so that the seeding interval becomes irregular, the seeding grooves 8 are destroyed and the seeding depth varies, and the seeds 9 are exposed to the ground surface 15. Is less likely to occur and the germination rate is improved. It is preferable that the circumferential speed of the seed suppression wheel 5 is approximately the same as the traveling speed of the seeding machine 1 as a whole. In addition, since the seed suppression wheel 5 is provided in the position close | similar to the ground surface 15, it is preferable to cover drive systems, such as a chain, with a case so that dirt may adhere to a drive system and rotation may not become defective.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the seed suppression wheel 5 having the same width as or narrower than the opening width of the sowing groove 8 is surely rotated in the sowing groove 8, so It is suppressed in the groove 8 and reliably settles in the soil, and the emergence rate is improved. Further, when the seed 9 is released, the seed 9 is guided into the sowing groove 8 by the side plate 12 of the groover 3 and is prevented from jumping out of the sowing groove 8, so that more reliable sowing is performed. Can do.

  A soil covering device 6 for covering the sowing groove is provided behind the seed pressure wheel 5, and a soil covering pressure wheel 7 is further provided behind it. The soil covering pressure wheel 7 is a roller similar to the sowing position pressure wheel 2 at the front, and for example, a roller having a width of about 10 to 20 cm is used. The sowing position pressure wheel 2, the seed pressure wheel 5, and the cover soil pressure wheel 7 all rotate in the traveling direction around the rotation axis in the left-right direction of the tractor.

  Note that a fertilizer applicator may be provided between the tractor and the seeder 1. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the fertilizer machine includes a fertilizer groove 31 for digging a fertilizer groove, a fertilizer tank 32 having a fertilizer feeding mechanism that discharges fertilizer toward the fertilizer groove, and fertilizer that covers the fertilizer groove after fertilization. It consists of earthenware 33 The fertilizer applicator may be connected to the seeding frame F and driven together with the seeding applicator 1, or only the fertilizer applicator may be driven alone by a driving source such as a motor.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this example. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various changes or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. It is understood that it belongs to.

  In the field, the influence on the accuracy of the seeding interval when the circumferential speed of the seed suppression wheel and the traveling speed of the tractor were changed and when there was no seed suppression wheel was investigated.

  The progression speed is 1.3 m / s and 1.5 m / s, and the ratio of the circumferential speed of the seed pressure wheel and the progression speed is in the range of 0.90 to 1.20 in 0.05 increments. The side dishes were sown. FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are the results when the set seeding intervals are 18.6 cm and 20.1 cm, respectively, and for each circumferential speed ratio, from (average value−standard deviation) to (average value + standard deviation). The numerical value was displayed.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, when the circumferential speed ratio was 1.00, the standard deviation was the smallest, that is, the variation in the sowing interval was small.

  The present invention is applied as a seeder for small seeds such as sugar beet, and contributes to improvement of sowing accuracy and germination rate.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sowing machine 2 Seeding position pressure ring 3 Groover 4 Seed feeding part 5 Seed pressure wheel 6 Earth covering device 7 Cover soil pressure wheel 8 Seeding groove 9 Seed 10 Drive shaft 11 Groove part 12 Side plate 21 First chain system 22 Second chain Chain system 23 Third chain system 24 Scraper F Sowing frame

Claims (4)

It is a sowing machine that is towed by a tractor while traveling in the field,
A grooving device for forming a sowing groove in the field, a seed feeding part having a seed feeding mechanism for releasing seeds into the sowing groove, and a seed pressure ring for fixing seeds in the soil of the sowing groove,
The seed sowing wheel has a width equal to or smaller than the opening width of the sowing groove, and is forcibly rotated by being connected to a drive shaft that transmits a rotational force to the sowing machine. . The groove producing device has a groove forming portion having a V-shaped cross section extending in the traveling direction of the tractor, and a pair of side plates disposed on both sides of the groove forming portion,
The seeder according to claim 1, wherein a lower end of the side plate is located below an upper end of the groove forming portion.   The seeder according to claim 2, wherein a lower end of the side plate is positioned above the lower end of the groove producing part by a dimension of a seeding depth.   The seeding machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a peripheral speed of rotation of the seed suppression wheel is the same as a traveling speed of the tractor.

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