JP2011522684A - エナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料 - Google Patents
エナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011522684A JP2011522684A JP2011508763A JP2011508763A JP2011522684A JP 2011522684 A JP2011522684 A JP 2011522684A JP 2011508763 A JP2011508763 A JP 2011508763A JP 2011508763 A JP2011508763 A JP 2011508763A JP 2011522684 A JP2011522684 A JP 2011522684A
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- chiral
- zwitterionic
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- ion exchange
- acid
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Abstract
Description
前記キラルセレクター成分は非-大環状形状(non-macrocyclic fashion)で前記イオン交換基を接続するための少なくとも一つのキラルリンカー部分を含み、及び
前記キラルリンカー部分は少なくとも一つのπ-π相互作用部位(例えば選択的に電子吸引性または電子供与性置換基)を含有する。
全ての化学反応は、他に記載しない限り、窒素雰囲気下及びオーブン乾燥済みガラス器具を使用して無水条件下で実施した。1H及び13C NMRスペクトルは、Bruker DRX 400MHz分光計で実施した。化学シフト(δ)は、内部標準としてテトラメチルシランを使用して100万部分の1(ppm)で表す。質量分析法は、標準電気スプレー源を装備したPESciex API365三連四重極質量分析計(Applied Biosystems/MDS Sciex、Concord、カナダ)上で実施した。特定の旋光度値は、PerkinElmer(Vienna、オーストリア)製Polarimeter341上、20℃で測定した。元素分析はCarlo Erba製EA 1108 CHNS-Oで実施した。薄層クロマトグラフィーは、Merck(Darmstadt、ドイツ)製TLCアルミニウムシートシリカゲル60 F254で実施した。フラッシュクロマトグラフィーは、Merck(Darmstadt、ドイツ)製シリカ60(0.040-0.063mm粒径)を使用して実施した。
チオール-変性シリカゲルは、既報手順(文献35)と同様に球形シリカゲル(Daisogel 120-5、孔径120Å、粒径5μm、Daiso Chemical Co.,Ltd.,日本)から製造した。チオール基グラフトレベル940μmol/gは、2,2'-ジチオジピリジンを使用する分光学的定量法により評価した(文献36)。トランス-2-アミノシクロヘキサンスルホン酸は、既報手順(文献13、37)に従って製造した。合成に使用した全ての薬品は、Sigma-Aldrich(Vienna、オーストリア)より購入の試薬等級の品質またはそれ以上であり、以下のものを除き、さらに精製することなく使用した。ジクロロメタン(Sigma-Aldrich、オーストリア)は、使用前に水素化カルシウムで蒸留し、キニンは、Buchler(Baunschweig、ドイツ)より入手した。HPLC用溶媒としてのメタノール及びアセトニトリルは、Merck(Darmstadt、ドイツ)製のHPLC-等級のものであった。移動相添加剤の酢酸(HOAc)、蟻酸(FA)、ジエチルアミン(DEA)及び酢酸アンモニウム(NH4OAc)は、分析等級(Sigma-Aldrich、オーストリア)のものであった。本明細書で使用するキラル塩基性分析物質及び両性イオン性アミノ酸分析物質は市販品であるか、または研究パートナーからの現物寄付であった。酸性分析物質としてのN-ブロック化アミノ酸は、市販品であるか、または文献手順(文献38)に従って合成した。
クロマトグラフィー測定は、溶媒脱気装置、ポンプ、オートサンプラー、カラムサーモスタット及び、UV検出用に十分な発色団を含有する分析物質検出用の多波長UV-Vis検出器からなるAgilent Technologies(Waldbronn、ドイツ)製1100シリーズHPLCシステムで実施した。弱UV吸収特性の分析物質に関しては、ESA Biosciences,Inc.(Chelmford、アメリカ合衆国)製Corona(登録商標)帯電エアロゾル検出器(CAD:登録商標)を代わりに使用した。図及び表に示されているデータに関してUVまたはCAD検出を適用するかは、説明文で具体的に述べられる。データ取得及び分析は、Agilent Technologies製ChemStation(登録商標)クロマトグラフデータソフトウエアで実施した。選択した溶質のエナンチオマーの溶出順を評価するために、既知の絶対配置の単一エナンチオマーまたは具体的にエナンチオ富化(enantioenriched)サンプルを注入するか、あるいはJasco OR-990旋光度検出器(Jasco、Gross-Umstadt、ドイツ)をオンラインで使用した。溶出は、移動相流速1ml/分の定組成(isocratic)モードで実施した。他に記載しない限り、カラム温度は25℃であった。UV検出は、230〜280nmの間の選択波長で実施した。カラムの空隙容量は280nmでの検出でアセトンを注入することにより測定した。全ての分析物質は、0.5〜1.0mg/mlのメタノール性溶液として適用した。
シンコナ活性化のための一般的な手順(文献39)
一般的に、シンコナ・アルカロイド1(5.0g,10mmol)をトルエン(150ml)に溶解し、ディーンスターク装置を使用してこの溶液を共沸により乾燥した。周囲温度に冷却した後、4-ニトロクロロフォーメート(2.0g,11mmol)を滴下添加した。得られた混合物を一晩攪拌した。薄黄色沈殿物が形成し、これを濾過により集めた。n-ヘキサン(3×50ml)で洗浄し、減圧乾燥すると、薄黄色固体状の2(7.0g,殆ど定量的収率)が得られ、これをさらに精製することなく次段階で使用した。
MS(ESI、ポジティブ):490.5[M+H]+,979.5[2M+H]+。
O9-(4-ニトロフェニル)オキシカルボニルキニジン塩酸塩2b
MS(ESI、ポジティブ):490.5[M+H]+,979.5[2M+H]+。
91%、薄茶色固体。
1H NMR[CD3OD]:δ=8.68(d,1H),7.97(d,1H),7.55(d,1H),7.53(d,1H),7.45(dd,1H),6.93(d,1H),5.75(m,1H),5.09(d,1H),5.01(d,1H),4.02(s,3H),3.75(m,1H),3.64(m,1H),3.53(m,1H),3.48-3.33(m,2H),3.27-3.14(m,2H),2.73(m,1H),2.47(m,2H),2.21-2.08(m,2H),2.03(m,1H),1.84(m,1H),1.71(m,1H)。13C NMR:δ=176.6(COOH),160.4(Car),156.2(C=O),148.1(CarH),145.0(Car),143.6(Car),139.4(CH=),131.8(CarH),127.4(Car),123.9(CarH),119.7(CarH),117.1(CH2=),102.5(CarH),71.4(CH),59.8(CH),57.1(OMe),55.7(CH2),44.8(CH2),38.6(CH),38.5(CH2),36.1(CH2),28.3(CH),25.2(CH2),20.9(CH2).MS(ESI,ポジティブ):440.4[M+H]+,462.4[M+Na]+,879.6[2M+H]+,901.5[2M+Na]+。
55%、薄黄色固体。
1H NMR[CD3OD]:δ=8.73(d,1H),8.00(d,1H),7.64(d,1H),7.50(s,1H),7.48(d,1H),6.94(s,1H),5.78(m,1H),5.14(d,1H),5.05(d,1H),4.05(s,3H),3.87-3.74(m,2H),3.65(m,2H),3.50(m,1H),3.37(m,2H),3.01(m,2H),2.84(m,1H),2.30-2.19(m,2H),2.13(m,1H),1.99(m,1H),1.75(m,1H)。13CNMR:δ=160.5(Car),155.9(C=O),147.8(CarH),144.4(Car),143.6(Car),138.9(CH=),131.4(CarH),127.4(CarH),124.3(CarH),119.5(CarH),117.4(CH2=),102.3(CarH),71.1(CH),60.0(CH),57.1(OMe),55.8(CH2),51.5(CH2),45.5(CH2),38.4(CH2),38.3(CH),28.2(CH),25.0(CH2),20.7(CH2).MS(ESI,ポジティブ):476.4[M+H]+,498.4[M+Na]+。MS(ESI,ネガティブ):474.2[M-H]~。
64%、オフホワイト結晶。
1H NMR[CD3OD]:δ=8.70(d,1H),7.95(d,1H),7.60(d,1H),7.40(dd,1H),7.30(d,1H),6.85(s,1H),5.77(m,1H),5.23(d,1H),5.04(d,1H),4.03(m,1H),3.92(s,3H),3.81(m,1H),3.73(m,2H),3.38(m,1H),2.85(s,1H),2.70(m,1H),2.39(m,1H),2.31(m,1H),2.21(m,1H),2.12(s,1H),1.95(m,2H),1.85-1.68(m,3H),1.52(m,1H),1.30(m,4H)。13CNMR:δ=160.3(Car),155.6(C=O),148.2(CarH),145.0(Car),143.1(Car),139.2(CH=),131.9(CarH),127.1(Car),123.6(CarH),119.9(CarH),117.3(CH2=),102.2(CarH),71.0(CH),63.6(CH),60.0(CH),56.5(OMe),56.0(CH2),53.2(CH),46.1(CH2),38.5(CH),35.0(CH2),29.4(CH2),28.2(CH),26.1(2xCH2),25.3(CH2),20.8(CH2)。MS(ESI,ポジティブ):530.5[M+H]+,552.3[M+Na]+,1059.7[2M+H]+,1081.7[2M+Na]+。
55%,オフホワイト固体。
1H NMR[CD3OD]:δ=8.77(d,1H),8.05(d,1H),7.71(d,1H),7.54(d,1H),7.41(s,1H),6.76(s,1H),5.75(m,1H),5.12(d,1H),5.06(d,1H),4.03(s,3H),3.88(m,2H),3.71(m,1H),3.65(m,1H),3.44(m,1H),3.38(m,1H),3.08(m,1H),2.85(s,1H),2.40-2.05(m,5H),1.95(m,2H),1.75(m,1H),1.66(m,1H),1.58(m,1H),1.48(m,1H),1.40-1.19(m,2H)。13C NMR:δ=160.0(Car),155.3(C=O),148.4(CarH),144.4(Car),142.7(Car),138.7(CH=),131.8(CarH),126.8(Car),123.7(CarH),120.2(CarH),117.2(CH2=),101.9(CarH),71.1(CH),61.5(CH),59.8(CH),57.0(OMe),55.6(CH2),53.4(CH),45.4(CH2),37.7(CH),33.4(CH2),29.0(CH2),27.5(CH),25.8(CH2),25.7(CH2),24.8(CH2),20.7(CH2)。MS(ESI,ポジティブ):530.3[M+H]+,552.4[M+Na]+,1059.7[2M+H]+,1081.7[2M+Na]+。
90%,黄色結晶。
1H NMR[CD3OD]:δ=8.79(d,1H),7.96(d,1H),7.78(d,1H),7.56-7.50(m,2H),7.11(s,1H),6.14(m,1H),5.33-5.24(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),3.87(m,1H),3.65-3.51(m,5H),3.37(m,1H),3.02(m,2H),2.77(m,1H),2.42(m,1H),2.06(m,1H),2.02-1.83(m,2H),1.47(m,1H)。13C NMR:δ=161.2(Car),155.7(C=O),146.8(Car),145.8(CarH),141.2(Car),137.9(CH=),128.8(CarH),127.9(Car),126.1(CarH),120.1(CarH),118.4(CH2=),102.6(CarH),71.4(CH),59.8(CH),57.4(OMe),51.5(CH2),51.0(CH2),50.1(CH2),38.5(CH2),38.2(CH),28.7(CH),23.7(CH2),20.4(CH2).MS(ESI,ポジティブ):476.2[M+H]+,498.2[M+Na]+,951.4[2M+H]+,973.4[2M+Na]+。
ジアステレオマー5及び6の定組成セミ分取クロマトグラフィー分割は、自動化分別捕集用にUV検出器直後の流路と接続された、Agilient Technologies製12/13切り替えバルブと組み合わせた上記標準分析HPLC系で実施した。使用した固定相は、ステンレススチールカラム(150×4mm I.D.)に社内で充填したβ-アラニン-ベースのCSP1であった。移動相としてMeOH中25mM(0.142%,v/v)HOAcを使用し、フローは1.0mm/分に設定し、温度は25℃であった。アミノ酸ジアステレオマーを濃度100mg/mlでMeOHに溶解し、標準HPLCバイアルに分配した。カラムに注入したサンプル量はそれぞれ85μlまたは8.5mgであった。一連の注入において、ジアステレオマーを分離し、二つの画分に集め、これを真空乾燥した。集めたジアステレオマーの純度は、同様の条件(CSP1;MeOH中25mM HOAc)を使用して分析的に評価した。最初に溶離したジアステレオマー5は、シクロヘキサンスルホン酸サブユニット中で(1"S,2"S)-配置であると帰属されたので、二番目に溶離したジアステレオマー6は(1"R,2"R)-配置であると帰属された。これらの帰属のベースは、5における予備X-線結晶学的データである。
両性イオン性SO-ベースのCSPを調製するための一般的な手順
通常、オーブン乾燥したチオール-変性シリカゲル(2.20g)をMeOH(10ml)中に懸濁させた。それぞれMeOH(それぞれ5ml及び1ml)に溶解させたSO(380mg,0.89mmol)及びアゾビスイソブチロニトリルAIBN(30mg,0.18mmol)を添加した。懸濁液を還流下で6時間攪拌した。冷却及び濾過後、シリカゲルをMeOH(3×20ml)、ジエチルエーテル(2×20ml)で洗浄し、真空下60℃で乾燥すると、新しいCSPが得られた。SO被覆率は、元素分析により得られた窒素含有量より計算した:CSP 1(SO 3をベースとする):w-%C 10.60,w-% H 1.85,w-% N 0.825,w-% S 2.56;196μmol SO/g CSP。CSP 2(SO 4をベースとする):w-% C 10.48,w-% H 1.85,w-% N 0.863,w-% S 3.26;205μmol SO/g CSP。CSP 3(SO 5をベースとする):w-% C 11.53,w-% H 1.96,w-% N 0.905,w-% S 3,19;215μmol SO/g CSP。CSP 4(SO 6をベースとする):w-% C 11.83,w-% H 1.92,w-% N 0.961,w-% S 3.19;229μmol SO/g CSP。CSP 5(SO 7をベースとする):w-% C 10.14,w-% H 1.78,w-% N 0.881,w-% S 3.15;210μmol SO/g CSP。CSP1〜5は社内またはVDS Optilab GmbH(ベルリン、ドイツ)のいずれかでステンレススチールカラム(150×4mmI.D.)にスラリー充填した。
セレクター設計
本発明は、正及び負の両方に帯電したキラル分析物質に対処するイオン交換体型キラル固定相の鋭意開発を目的とする。本目的は、本発明者らによりカチオン及びアニオン交換型エナンチオ選択的クロマトグラフィーで良好な低分子量SOとして既に使用されてきた酸性及び塩基性セレクター単位を新規両性イオン性セレクター構造体に融合させることであった。図1に示されているスルホン酸ベースのSCX CSPは、HPLCにおける種々のキラルアミンのエナンチオ分離用として報告されてきた。そのキラル部分はトランス-2-アミノシクロヘキサンスルホン酸によって表されるので、両性イオン性CSP用のカチオン交換部位として選択された。キニンtert-ブチルカルバメート誘導体WAX(図1参照)もキラルアニオン交換体CSPとして十分に確立されている。エナンチオ分離手法におけるシンコナ型受容体で報告されてきた綿密な研究から、エナンチオ選択的な特性が大きく変化せずに残ったままであるという条件のもとで、カルバメート結合を介してアミノスルホン酸を導入するためにキニンのO9-位置が提案されてきた。図2の新規両性イオン性CSPは、CSP3及び4がWAX-及びSCX同族の重要なモチーフとアルカロイド塩基及びシクロヘキサンスルホン酸と共に含む単一のセクターにカチオン及びアニオン交換部分を融合する概念を示す。エナンチオ選択的イオン相互作用プロセスのより詳細な研究用に、β-位置にアミノ酸をもつアキラルカルボン酸及びスルホン酸をCAP1、2及び5に含めた。またCSP5においては、アルカロイド塩基キニンはその擬似的エナンチオマーキニジンと置き換わり、これはエナンチオ分離の際に溶離順に影響すると予想されるので、根本的な分子認識プロセスの解明に役立った。
O9-位置におけるアミノ酸とのカルバメート型誘導体形成に関しては、キニン1a及びキニジン1bはそれぞれ、4-ニトロクロロホーメート[39]との反応により活性化し、すぐに塩酸塩2a及び2bが反応溶液から沈殿し、濾過により集めることができた(図3)。結合すべきアキラルなβ-アミノ酸はタウリン及びβ-アラニンのような市販品であったが、キラルトランス-2-アミノシクロヘキサンスルホン酸ビルディングブロックは、刊行文献[13,37]に従ってラセミ化合物として製造した。
以下において、エナンチオマー分離用HPLCにおけるCSP1〜5のクロマトグラフィー的評価結果を示し、考察する。最初に、酸性分析物質種に関して、第二に塩基性アミン分析物質、そして最終的に両性イオン性分析物質に関して行う。極性有機移動相条件を、これらの測定に関して選択した。というのも、これらは親、純粋なアニオンまたはカチオンイオン交換体CSPに関して成功裏且つ広範囲に使用されてきたからである[13,41]。極性有機モードでは、メタノール及びアセトニトリルのような極性有機バルク溶媒(bulk solvent)を使用するが、酸性及び塩基性添加剤は共-イオン(co-ion)及び対イオンとして行動し、帯電したSOと溶質との間のイオン相互作用を調節する。
一連の実験において、シンコナ型WAX CSPの主な特性−即ちN-保護化アミノ酸のようなキラル酸分析物質のエナンチオ分離が新規両性イオン性CSPで維持され得るかどうかを評価するために、CSP1〜5を種々のキラル酸のエナンチオ分離に関して試験した。この目的に関して、芳香族、脂肪族及び帯電側鎖をもつN-ブロック化アミノ酸を含み、通常使用されるN-保護基または誘導体形成基(derivatizating group)を使用する8つの小さいが代表的なセットを集めた。分析物質の構造並びにクロマトグラフィー的結果の両方を表1に列記する。
シンコナベースモチーフによるキラル酸性分析物質に対するエナンチオ選択性を確認後、そのカチオン交換部位をベースとしてキラルアミンエナンチオマーに対するその分離能力に関して両性イオン性CSPを研究した。エナンチオ選択性がSCX CSPから新規両性SOへトランス-2-アミノシクロヘキサンスルホン酸部分を含むことによって転移するか、またはアルカロイド構造と組み合わせたアキラルな酸性側鎖がキラルアミン溶質に対してエナンチオ選択性を提供し得るかを評価することは特に興味深かった。この目的に関して、β-ブロッカー、β-交感神経様作用薬及び他の薬剤などの大部分は薬品を含んでいた一連の12種の塩基を研究した(表2参照)。SCX CSPに関して最近報告された研究[13]から直接採用された非最適化移動相条件を使用して実施した。結果を表2にまとめる。
両性イオン性SOをベースとするCSPによって保護されていないアミノ酸などの両性イオン性分析物質を直接クロマトグラフィー上でエナンチオマー分離することにより、エナンチオ選択的イオン交換体の新規用途を開拓することができた。従って、最初にこの現象が広範囲に及ぶものであるかということ、及び我々がキラル両性イオン性イオン交換体のこの幅広い相互作用機構に関する見識を得られるかどうかを究明することが重要であった。この目的に関して、両性イオン性の分析物質のかなり広い多様な集合体を集めた(表3)。これは一つ及び二つのキラル中心、1級及び2級アミノ基、カルボン酸及びスルホン酸並びに、脂肪族、芳香族及び側鎖並びに幾つかのジペプチドを含む官能基をもつ、環式及び非環式の天然及び非天然α-及びβ-アミノ酸を含んでいた。
両性イオン性SOをベースとする新規イオン交換体型CSPを製造し、HPLCにおいてキラル酸、キラルアミン及びキラルアミノ酸のエナンチオマー分離に関して評価した。
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Claims (9)
- 少なくとも一つのカチオン交換基と少なくとも一つのアニオン交換基とを含むキラルセレクター成分(SO)と、前記セレクター成分を保持するキャリヤとを含むエナンチオ選択的両性イオン的イオン交換材料であって、
前記キラルセレクター成分は非-大環状形状で前記イオン交換基を接続するための少なくとも一つのキラルリンカー部分を含み、及び
前記キラルリンカー部分は少なくとも一つのπ-π相互作用部位を含有する、前記エナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料。 - 前記少なくとも一つのカチオン交換基がpka<5.5をもち、且つ前記少なくとも一つのアニオン交換基がpka>8.0をもつ、請求項1に記載のエナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料。
- 前記カチオン交換基がpka<3.0をもち、且つ前記アニオン交換基がpka>8.0をもつ、請求項2に記載のエナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料。
- 前記セレクター化合物SOがpka値<5.5の少なくとも二つの酸性基と、pka>8.0の少なくとも一つの塩基性基とを含む、請求項1〜3に記載のエナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料。
- 前記セレクター化合物SOがpka値>8.0の少なくとも二つの塩基性基と、pka<5.5の少なくとも一つの酸性基とを含む、請求項1〜4に記載のエナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料。
- 前記カチオン交換基がカルボン酸、スルホン酸、スルフィン酸、燐酸、ホスホン酸またはホスフィン酸基であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5に記載のエナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料。
- 前記アニオン交換基が一級、二級、三級または四級アミノ基であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5に記載のエナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料。
- 前記少なくとも一つのアニオン交換基がキニンまたはキニジン残基である、請求項1〜7に記載のエナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料。
- 前記少なくとも一つのカチオン交換基がスルホン酸基である、請求項1〜8に記載のエナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料。
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WO2013168783A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-10 | 2013-11-14 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 光学異性体用分離剤 |
JP2015129121A (ja) * | 2009-03-25 | 2015-07-16 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングMerck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung | 3,6−ジヒドロ−1,3,5−トリアジン誘導体の鏡像異性体の分離方法 |
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JP5689791B2 (ja) | 2008-05-13 | 2015-03-25 | ウニベルジテート ウィーン | エナンチオ選択的両性イオン性イオン交換材料 |
PL2812091T3 (pl) | 2012-09-17 | 2021-07-19 | W.R. Grace & Co. - Conn. | Podłoża chromatograficzne i urządzenia |
JP6914189B2 (ja) | 2014-05-02 | 2021-08-04 | ダブリュー・アール・グレース・アンド・カンパニー−コーンW R Grace & Co−Conn | 官能化担体材料並びに官能化担体材料を作製及び使用する方法 |
US10695744B2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2020-06-30 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Adsorbent biprocessing clarification agents and methods of making and using the same |
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WO1997046557A1 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-11 | Wolfgang Lindner | Cinchonan based chiral selectors for separation of stereoisomers |
JP2005517196A (ja) * | 2002-02-15 | 2005-06-09 | リンドナー,ヴォルフガング | エナンチオ選択的カチオン交換材料 |
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JP2015129121A (ja) * | 2009-03-25 | 2015-07-16 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングMerck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung | 3,6−ジヒドロ−1,3,5−トリアジン誘導体の鏡像異性体の分離方法 |
WO2013168783A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-10 | 2013-11-14 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 光学異性体用分離剤 |
JPWO2013168783A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-10 | 2016-01-07 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 光学異性体用分離剤 |
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