JP2011513338A - 細胞障害のための併用療法 - Google Patents
細胞障害のための併用療法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011513338A JP2011513338A JP2010548987A JP2010548987A JP2011513338A JP 2011513338 A JP2011513338 A JP 2011513338A JP 2010548987 A JP2010548987 A JP 2010548987A JP 2010548987 A JP2010548987 A JP 2010548987A JP 2011513338 A JP2011513338 A JP 2011513338A
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- resveratrol
- nad
- acid
- disease
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、被検者内で、DNA修復およびNAD+合成を誘起するための方法および組成物に関する。本発明は、さらに、酸化ストレスおよび/またはDNA損傷に関連する状態および疾病を予防および治療するための方法および医薬組成物に関する。
ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド(NAD+)は、アルコール代謝、乳酸代謝、およびアミノ酸代謝ならびにエネルギー(ATP)生成などの複数の代謝過程において、必須の補助因子および電子トランスポーターとして作用する補酵素(NADH、NADP、NADPH)のピリジンヌクレオチドファミリーの親化合物である。NAD+は、ポリ(ADP−リボース)ポリメラーゼ(PARP)、Sir2相同体(SIRT1)、およびNADグリコヒドラーゼ(CD38+)などの重要な複数のNAD依存性酵素にとって、必須の基質である。PARPは、DNAにおける二本鎖または一本鎖の切断の修復を媒介する核内酵素であり、また、NAD依存性脱アセチル化酵素SIRT1は、遺伝子サイレンシングおよび細胞の寿命延長に影響する。NADグリコヒドラーゼは、NAD+から環状ADP−リボース(cADPR: cyclic ADP−ribose)の生成を触媒し、細胞内のカルシウムシグナリングに影響する。これらの細胞機能およびその他の細胞機能におけるNAD+の役割は、NAD+が代謝活性の制御因子であることに加えて、NAD+が細胞の素過程のコントロールにおいて中心的な役割を果たすことを示唆している。
1つの態様において、本発明は、被検者においてNAD+の合成を誘起する方法であって、治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を、被検者に対して投与することを包含する方法を提供する。第1の態様の一実施形態では、NAD+の合成の上記誘起は、ポリ(ADP−リボース)ポリメラーゼ(PARP)酵素の活性を増加させる。第1の態様の一実施形態では、上記PARP酵素は、PARP−1またはPARP−2である。
本願において、「a」、「an」、および「the」という単数形には、文脈と明らかに矛盾しないかぎり、複数の部材に言及している場合が含まれる。例えば、「幹細胞(a stem cell)」という表現には、複数個の幹細胞が含まれる。
つぎに、本発明の好適な実施形態を、添付の図面を参照して記載するが、これは単なる例にすぎない。
本発明は、細胞内でのNAD+合成がリスベラトロール(3,5,4’−トリヒドロキシスチルベン)によって増加する、という知見に関連している。特定のメカニズムに制限または限定されるものではないが、発明者は、リスベラトロールが、サルベージ経路(図1に示す)を介して、具体的には、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドアデニリルトランスフェラーゼ(NMNAT)活性をアップレギュレートすることによって、NAD+の合成を誘起することを実証した。そこで本発明は、被検者において細胞内のNAD+の合成の誘起を可能にする手段を提供する。
ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド(NAD+)は、いくつかの異なる出発化合物から合成され得る。(図2に示す)「新生」経路では、NAD+が、必須アミノ酸トリプトファンから生成される。この経路には、トリプトファンからのキノリン酸の生成が伴う。なお、このキノリン酸は、ホスホリボース基の転移を通じて変換されて、ニコチン酸モノヌクレオチド(NaMN)になる。つぎに、アデニル酸基が転移されて、ニコチン酸アデニンジヌクレオチド(NaAD)を形成する。つぎに、NaADのニコチン酸基がアミド化されてニコチンアミド基になり、NAD+を形成する。あるいは、ニコチンアミド、または予め形成された、ニコチンアミドを含有する化合物(例えばニコチンアミドリボシド)が、「サルベージ」経路(図1を参照)を介したNAD+の生成に用いられれる。新生経路またはサルベージ経路のいずれかにおける酵素の阻害により、NAD+が顕著に枯渇する。このことは、細胞のNAD+レベルを維持するためには、これらの経路がどちらも重要であることを明確に示している。
本発明は、治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を包含する医薬組成物を提供する。本発明の医薬組成物は、NAD+を必要とする被検者においてNAD+の合成を増加させるために使用されてもよい。上記の構成に加えて、あるいは、上記の構成の替わりに、本発明の医薬組成物は、酸化ストレスおよび/またはDNA損傷に関連する疾病または状態を、予防する、あるいは治療するために使用されてもよい。
本発明では、UVによって誘起される皮膚細胞のDNA損傷を含めた、酸化ストレスおよび/またはDNA損傷に関連する疾病および状態を治療するための方法について考察する。一実施形態において、該方法は、治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を、被検者に対して投与することを包含する。別の一実施形態において、該方法は、NAD+の合成を誘起する少なくとも1つの薬剤と、効果的な量の、少なくとも1つの抗酸化剤および少なくとも1つのキレート薬のいずれかまたは両方との、相乗的な組み合わせを含有する治療有効量の医薬組成物を、被検者に対して投与することを包含する。
本発明は、リスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を包含する、NAD+の合成を増加させるためのキットを提供する。
実施例1:ヒトの胎児のアストロサイトにおける、IDO阻害剤1−MTによる、NAD+合成の新生経路の抑制。
・単剤療法としての、100μMのクリオキノール(C)、100μMピコリンアミド(P)、100μMメラトニン(M)、または100μMのリスベラトロール(R)と、
・二剤併用療法としての、10μM(R) + 50μM(M)、10μM(R) + 0.1μM(C)、または90μM(R) + 0.08μM(P)と、
・三剤併用療法としての、0.65μM(P) + 33μM(C) + 5μM(R)または0.3μM(P) + 33μM(C) + 5μM(R)とのうちのいずれかである。
図30は、細胞がH2O2で処理されると、その結果、細胞内のNADレベルが大きく減少することを示している。この結果は、ヒドロキシラジカル(フェントン反応)によって誘起されるDNA損傷、およびその結果生じる、NADを基質として使用するDNA修復酵素PARPの、過度な活性化に起因する。
強力な抗酸化性を有するメラトニンまたはFe++/Cu+のキレート剤であるクリオキノールを用いて事前処理することによって、NAD+の枯渇が大幅に低減される(図30)。ただし、リスベラトロールだけを用いた事前処理では、酸化性を有する(H2O2)傷害だけの場合と比較して、細胞内のNAD+の大きな変化を示さなかった。
クリオキノール、メラトニン、またはリスベラトロールのうちの任意の2つの薬剤を用いた事前処理では、どの単剤療法と比較しても、酸化性を有する(H2O2)傷害の後、NAD+レベルがかなり高い程度に保存された(図19)。リスベラトロール(resveratol)を包含する二剤併用療法では、リスベラトロールを包含しない処理法と比較してNAD+レベルがかなり高い程度に保存され(図19)、相乗効果があることを示唆している。
クリオキノール+メラトニン+リスベラトロールの3つの薬剤すべてを用いて事前処理することによって、どの単剤療法または二剤併用療法と比較しても、酸化性を有する(H2O2)傷害の後、NAD+レベルがかなり高い程度に保存された(図19)(*p<0.05、H2O2だけの場合に比較すると**p<0.05、二剤併用療法による処理それぞれに比較すると***p<0.05)。
本発明は、被検者においてDNA修復およびNAD+の合成を誘起するための方法および組成物に関して使用され得る。特に、本発明は、酸化ストレスおよび/またはDNA損傷に関連する状態および疾病を予防および治療するための方法および医薬組成物に関して使用され得る。
本発明は、被検者内で、DNA修復およびNAD+合成を誘起するための方法および組成物に関する。特に、本発明は、リスベラトロール(3,5,4’−トリヒドロキシスチルベン)が、サルベージ経路を介して、具体的には、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドアデニリルトランスフェラーゼ(NMNAT)活性のアップレギュレーションによって、NAD + 合成を誘起するという知見に関する。そこで、本発明は、被検者において細胞内でのNAD + 合成の誘起を可能にする手段を提供する。本発明は、さらに、酸化ストレスおよび/またはDNA損傷に関連する状態および疾病を予防および治療するための方法および医薬組成物に関する。
リスベラトロールは、周知の化合物であり、その使用法はこれまでに複数の異なる研究分野において調べられてきた。例えば、「Howitz KT, Bitterman KJ, Cohen HY, Lamming DW, Lavu S, Wood JG, Zipkin RE, Chung P, Kisielewski A, Zhang LL, Scherer B, Sinclair DA (2003). “Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan" Nature 425 (6954): 191-196」では、リスベラトロールが出芽酵母の寿命を大幅に延長することが報告されている。
第7段落および第8段落では、NADの増加が、NAD自体、または任意の前駆体、中間体、もしくはNADを生成する物質(例えばNMNAT)、またはSIRT1を直接活性化する任意の化合物の供給によってなされてもよいことが明瞭に記載されている。第7段落および第8段落には以下の記載がある。
「さまざまな実施形態において、上記薬剤は、SIRT1活性を直接増加させるようにも作用し、したがって、該薬剤は(中略)でき、このような化合物は、リスベラトロール…からなる群より選択されるスチルベンを含んでもよい。」
第10段落では、第7段落の内容がさらに議論され、NADを直接増加させる特定された薬剤に、NADを生成する経路において酵素の活性および/または安定性を増加させる薬剤が含まれている。
(例えば、NMNATの活性を増加させることによって)NADレベルに対して直接影響を与える際に、リスベラトロールについて言及され、また、リスベラトロールがSIRT1活性に関連して使用されてはいるが、スクリーニング法もしくはリスベラトロールの有効性、または任意の関連する薬剤については言及がない。
この文献のページ6には、「NMNAT修正化合物」を以下のように規定する。
ただし、国際特許出願公開第WO2003/082187号で与えられている例は、わずかに、生成物(例えばNMNAT酵素)をコード化する遺伝子治療法用組成物だけである(遺伝子材料、例えばDNAまたはRNAなどの応用)、またはNMNAT自体の使用だけである。この文献には、リスベラトロールの用について、いかなる開示も議論もなく、特に、NMNAT酵素の活性を増加させるリスベラトロールの使用についての開示がない。
1つの態様において、本発明は、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドアデニリルトランスフェラーゼ(NMNAT)活性をアップレギュレートすることによって被検者においてNAD+の合成を誘起する方法であって、治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を、被検者に対して投与することを包含する方法を提供する。第1の態様の一実施形態では、リスベラトロールの投与を介したNMNAT活性の上記アップレギュレートは、NAD + の前駆体であり、ポリ(ADP−リボース)ポリメラーゼ(PARP)酵素の副産物であり、かつ、PARP酵素および哺乳類のサーチュイン酵素のファミリーメンバーの阻害剤であるニコチンアミド(NAM)の代謝を増加させる。NAMの代謝の上記増加は、PARP活性を相対的に増加させることでDNA修復を促進させるとともに、哺乳類のサーチュイン酵素活性を相対的に増加させることで。細胞の生存および長寿を促進させる。
本願において、「a」、「an」、および「the」という単数形には、文脈と明らかに矛盾しないかぎり、複数の部材に言及している場合が含まれる。例えば、「幹細胞(a stem cell)」という表現には、複数個の幹細胞が含まれる。
つぎに、本発明の好適な実施形態を、添付の図面を参照して記載するが、これは単なる例にすぎない。
本発明は、細胞内でのNAD+合成がリスベラトロール(3,5,4’−トリヒドロキシスチルベン)によって増加する、という知見に関連している。特定のメカニズムに制限または限定されるものではないが、発明者は、リスベラトロールが、サルベージ経路(図1に示す)を介して、具体的には、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドアデニリルトランスフェラーゼ(NMNAT)活性をアップレギュレートすることによって、NAD+の合成を誘起することを実証した。そこで本発明は、被検者において細胞内のNAD+の合成の誘起を可能にする手段を提供する。
ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド(NAD+)は、いくつかの異なる出発化合物から合成され得る。(図2に示す)「新生」経路では、NAD+が、必須アミノ酸トリプトファンから生成される。この経路には、トリプトファンからのキノリン酸の生成が伴う。なお、このキノリン酸は、ホスホリボース基の転移を通じて変換されて、ニコチン酸モノヌクレオチド(NaMN)になる。つぎに、アデニル酸基が転移されて、ニコチン酸アデニンジヌクレオチド(NaAD)を形成する。つぎに、NaADのニコチン酸基がアミド化されてニコチンアミド基になり、NAD+を形成する。あるいは、ニコチンアミド、または予め形成された、ニコチンアミドを含有する化合物(例えばニコチンアミドリボシド)が、「サルベージ」経路(図1を参照)を介したNAD+の生成に用いられれる。新生経路またはサルベージ経路のいずれかにおける酵素の阻害により、NAD+が顕著に枯渇する。このことは、細胞のNAD+レベルを維持するためには、これらの経路がどちらも重要であることを明確に示している。
本発明は、治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を包含する医薬組成物を提供する。本発明の医薬組成物は、NAD+を必要とする被検者においてNAD+の合成を増加させるために使用されてもよい。上記の構成に加えて、あるいは、上記の構成の替わりに、本発明の医薬組成物は、酸化ストレスおよび/またはDNA損傷に関連する疾病または状態を、予防する、あるいは治療するために使用されてもよい。
本発明では、UVによって誘起される皮膚細胞のDNA損傷を含めた、酸化ストレスおよび/またはDNA損傷に関連する疾病および状態を治療するための方法について考察する。一実施形態において、該方法は、治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を、被検者に対して投与することを包含する。別の一実施形態において、該方法は、NAD+の合成を誘起する少なくとも1つの薬剤と、効果的な量の、少なくとも1つの抗酸化剤および少なくとも1つのキレート薬のいずれかまたは両方との、相乗的な組み合わせを含有する治療有効量の医薬組成物を、被検者に対して投与することを包含する。
本発明は、リスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を包含する、NAD+の合成を増加させるためのキットを提供する。
次に、特定の例を参照して本発明を説明するが、これは、本発明の範囲を限定すると解釈すべきものではない。
実施例1:ヒトの胎児のアストロサイトにおける、IDO阻害剤1−MTによる、NAD+合成の新生経路の抑制。
・単剤療法としての、100μMのクリオキノール(C)、100μMピコリンアミド(P)、100μMメラトニン(M)、または100μMのリスベラトロール(R)と、
・二剤併用療法としての、10μM(R) + 50μM(M)、10μM(R) + 0.1μM(C)、または90μM(R) + 0.08μM(P)と、
・三剤併用療法としての、0.65μM(P) + 33μM(C) + 5μM(R)または0.3μM(P) + 33μM(C) + 5μM(R)とのうちのいずれかである。
図30は、細胞がH2O2で処理されると、その結果、細胞内のNADレベルが大きく減少することを示している。この結果は、ヒドロキシラジカル(フェントン反応)によって誘起されるDNA損傷、およびその結果生じる、NADを基質として使用するDNA修復酵素PARPの、過度な活性化に起因する。
強力な抗酸化性を有するメラトニンまたはFe++/Cu+のキレート剤であるクリオキノールを用いて事前処理することによって、NAD+の枯渇が大幅に低減される(図30)。ただし、リスベラトロールだけを用いた事前処理では、酸化性を有する(H2O2)傷害だけの場合と比較して、細胞内のNAD+の大きな変化を示さなかった。
クリオキノール、メラトニン、またはリスベラトロールのうちの任意の2つの薬剤を用いた事前処理では、どの単剤療法と比較しても、酸化性を有する(H2O2)傷害の後、NAD+レベルがかなり高い程度に保存された(図19)。リスベラトロール(resveratol)を包含する二剤併用療法では、リスベラトロールを包含しない処理法と比較してNAD+レベルがかなり高い程度に保存され(図19)、相乗効果があることを示唆している。
クリオキノール+メラトニン+リスベラトロールの3つの薬剤すべてを用いて事前処理することによって、どの単剤療法または二剤併用療法と比較しても、酸化性を有する(H2O2)傷害の後、NAD+レベルがかなり高い程度に保存された(図19)(*p<0.05、H2O2だけの場合に比較すると**p<0.05、二剤併用療法による処理それぞれに比較すると***p<0.05)。
本発明は、被検者においてDNA修復およびNAD+の合成を誘起するための方法および組成物に関して使用され得る。特に、本発明は、酸化ストレスおよび/またはDNA損傷に関連する状態および疾病を予防および治療するための方法および医薬組成物に関して使用され得る。
Claims (42)
- 被検者においてNAD+の合成を誘起する方法であって、
治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を、被検者に対して投与することを包含する方法。 - NAD+の合成の上記誘起は、ポリ(ADP−リボース)ポリメラーゼ(PARP)酵素の活性を増加させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- NAD+の合成の上記誘起は、サーチュイン酵素の活性を増加させる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 上記PARP酵素は、PARP−1またはPARP−2である、請求項2または3に記載の方法。
- 上記サーチュイン酵素は、SIRT1、SIRT2、SIRT3、SIRT4、SIRT5、SIRT6、およびSIRT7からなる群より選択される、請求項2〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 酸化ストレスに関連する疾病または状態を防止または治療する方法であって、
治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を、被検者に対して投与することを包含し、
上記投与は、被検者においてNAD+の合成を誘起する方法。 - DNA損傷に関連する疾病または状態を防止または治療する方法であって、
治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を、被検者に対して投与することを包含する方法。 - 上記疾病または状態は神経変性疾患である、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- 上記神経変性疾患はアルツハイマー病またはパーキンソン病である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 上記疾病または状態は、皮膚の加速的な老化に関連する、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- 上記疾病または状態は、UVによって誘起される皮膚細胞のDNA損傷である、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- 上記皮膚細胞は、ケラチノサイトおよび線維芽細胞である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- DNA損傷に関連する上記疾病または状態は、癌である、請求項7または10に記載の方法。
- 上記疾病または状態は、紫外光に対する曝露、電離放射線、化学薬品に対する曝露、感染、炎症、ミトコンドリアの効率の低下、またはこれらの組み合わせによってもたらされる、請求項7〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 上記リスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体は、トランス異性体である、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 機能的に同等な上記類似体は、リスベラトロールのヒドロキシル化類似体、リスベラトロールのメトキシル化類似体、シス−リスベラトロールグルコシド(シス−piceid)、およびトランス−リスベラトロール−3−O−β−グルコシド(トランス−piceid)からなる群より選択される、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 上記治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体は、三剤併用療法として投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- NAD+の合成を増加させるために使用される医薬組成物であって、
治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を包含する医薬組成物。 - 酸化ストレスに関連する疾病または状態を予防または治療するために使用される医薬組成物であって、
治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を包含し、
被検者においてNAD+の合成を誘起する医薬組成物。 - DNA損傷に関連する疾病または状態を予防または治療するために使用される医薬組成物であって、
治療有効量のリスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を含み、
被検者においてNAD+の合成を誘起する医薬組成物。 - 上記疾病または状態は、UVによって誘起される皮膚細胞のDNA損傷である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 上記皮膚細胞は、ケラチノサイトおよび線維芽細胞である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 酸化ストレスに関連する疾病または状態を予防または治療するために使用される医薬組成物であって、
NAD+の合成を誘起することができる少なくとも1つの薬剤と、有効量の、下記の(a)および(b)のうち1つまたは両方との相乗的な組み合わせを含み、
(a)は、少なくとも1つの抗酸化剤であり、
(b)は、少なくとも1つのキレート薬である医薬組成物。 - NAD+の合成を誘起することができる少なくとも1つの上記薬剤が、リスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体である、請求項23に記載の医薬組成物。
- 上記抗酸化剤は、メラトニン、ビタミンE、ビタミンC、メチオニン、タウリン、スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ(SOD)、カタラーゼ(CAT)、およびグルタチオンペルオキシダーゼ(GPX)、L−エルゴチオネインN−アセチルシステイン(NAC)、ビタミンA、βカロチン、レチノール、カテキン、エピカテキン、エピガロカテキン−3−没食子酸、フラベノイド、L−エルゴチオネイン、イデベノン、およびセレンからなる群より選択される、請求項23または24に記載の医薬組成物。
- 上記キレート薬が、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(ベルサンテ二ナトリウムカルシウム)(CaNa2−EDTA)、エチレングリコール四酢酸(EGTA)、ジメルカプトコハク酸(DMSA)、αリポ酸(ALA)、2,3−ジメルカプト−1−プロパンスルホン酸(DMPS)、ジメルカプロール(BAL)、デフェロキサミン、D−ペニシラミン、ジメルカプロール、アミノフェノキシエタン−四酢酸(BAPTA)デファラシロックス、ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸(DTPA)、2−ピリジンカルボン酸(ピコリン酸)、2,3−ピリジンジカルボン酸(キノリン酸)、2−アミノ安息香酸(アントラニル酸)、キヌレン酸、キサンツレン酸、および8−ヒドロキシキノリン(およびこれらの機能性誘導体)からなる群より選択される、請求項23〜25のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 酸化ストレスに関連する疾病または状態を治療するための方法であって、
NAD+の合成を誘起することができる少なくとも1つの薬剤と、有効量の、下記の(a)および(b)のうち1つまたは両方との相乗的な組み合わせを含有する、治療有効量の医薬組成物を、被検者に対して投与することを包含し、
(a)は、少なくとも1つの抗酸化剤であり、
(b)は、少なくとも1つのキレート薬である方法。 - DNA損傷に関連する疾病または状態を治療するための方法であって、
NAD+の合成を誘起することができる少なくとも1つの薬剤と、有効量の、下記の(a)および(b)のうち1つまたは両方との相乗的な組み合わせを含有する、治療有効量の医薬組成物を、被検者に対して投与することを包含し、
(a)は、少なくとも1つの抗酸化剤であり、
(b)は、少なくとも1つのキレート薬である方法。 - 上記疾病または状態は、UVによって誘起される皮膚細胞のDNA損傷である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 上記皮膚細胞は、ケラチノサイトおよび線維芽細胞である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- NAD+の合成を誘起することができる少なくとも1つの上記薬剤が、リスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体である、請求項27または28に記載の方法。
- 上記リスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体が、三剤併用療法として、治療有効量で投与される、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 上記抗酸化剤が、メラトニン、ビタミンE、ビタミンC、メチオニン、タウリン、スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ(SOD)、カタラーゼ(CAT)、およびグルタチオンペルオキシダーゼ(GPX)、L−エルゴチオネインN−アセチルシステイン(NAC)、ビタミンA、βカロチン、レチノール、カテキン、エピカテキン、エピガロカテキン−3−没食子酸、フラベノイド、L−エルゴチオネイン、イデベノン、およびセレンからなる群より選択される、請求項27〜29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 上記キレート薬が、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(ベルサンテ二ナトリウムカルシウム)(CaNa2−EDTA)、エチレングリコール四酢酸(EGTA)、ジメルカプトコハク酸(DMSA)、αリポ酸(ALA)、2,3−ジメルカプト−1−プロパンスルホン酸(DMPS)、ジメルカプロール(BAL)、デフェロキサミン、D−ペニシラミン、ジメルカプロール、アミノフェノキシエタン−四酢酸(BAPTA)デファラシロックス、ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸(DTPA)2−ピリジンカルボン酸(ピコリン酸)、2,3−ピリジンジカルボン酸(キノリン酸)、2−アミノ安息香酸(アントラニル酸)、キヌレン酸、キサンツレン酸、および8−ヒドロキシキノリン(およびこれらの機能性誘導体)からなる群より選択される、請求項27〜32のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 被検者においてNAD+の合成を増加させるためのキットであって、
リスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を包含するキット。 - 被検者において酸化ストレスに関連する疾病または状態を治療するためのキットであって、
リスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を包含するキット。 - 被検者においてDNA損傷に関連する疾病または状態を治療するためのキットであって、
リスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体を包含するキット。 - 上記リスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体が、三剤併用療法として、治療有効量で投与される、請求項35〜37のいずれか一項に記載の疾病または状態を治療するためのキット。
- 上記疾病または状態が、UVによって誘起される皮膚細胞のDNA損傷である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 上記皮膚細胞が、ケラチノサイトおよび線維芽細胞である、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 上記リスベラトロールまたは機能的に同等なリスベラトロールの類似体もしくは誘導体が、トランス異性体である、請求項35〜37のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 機能的に同等な上記類似体が、リスベラトロールのヒドロキシル化類似体、リスベラトロールのメトキシル化類似体、シス−リスベラトロールグルコシド(シス−piceid)、およびトランス−リスベラトロール−3−O−β−グルコシド(トランス−piceid)からなる群より選択される、請求項35〜38のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
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