JP2011511656A - 有毒化学薬品および有毒材料を中和するための方法および製剤 - Google Patents
有毒化学薬品および有毒材料を中和するための方法および製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011511656A JP2011511656A JP2010544304A JP2010544304A JP2011511656A JP 2011511656 A JP2011511656 A JP 2011511656A JP 2010544304 A JP2010544304 A JP 2010544304A JP 2010544304 A JP2010544304 A JP 2010544304A JP 2011511656 A JP2011511656 A JP 2011511656A
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Abstract
【解決手段】一実施形態では、有効成分は2,3,ブタンジオンモノオキシム(ジアセチルモノオキシム(DAM)としても公知)、およびそのアルカリ塩、例えばカリウム2,3−ブタンジオンモノオキシム(KBDO)などを含む。本製剤にはまた、一般に、有効成分を分散させているキャリアが含まれる。一実施形態では、キャリアは、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、モノメトキシポリエチレングリコール(mPEG)、ならびにそれらの組合せおよび誘導体を含む。
【選択図】 無
Description
一実施形態では、本発明の製剤を用いて、それぞれTICSおよびTIMSと一般に呼ばれる、幅広い種類の有毒な工業用化学薬品および有毒工業用材料を中和することができる。多くのTICSおよびTIMSには、熱傷および皮膚への刺激作用を引き起こし得る酸および皮膚刺激剤が含まれている可能性がある。一実施形態では、本発明の製剤を用いてこれらの様々な毒物の有害な影響を中和させ、かつ/または緩和し、それにより、曝露の結果生じ得る熱傷および皮膚刺激作用を寛解させるのに役立たせることができる。一部の実施形態では、本発明の製剤はまた、TICSおよびTIMSに曝露された表面に適用されるように処方されてよい。TICSおよびTIMSには、製造設備、生産施設、およびメンテナンス設備に見出される化学物質が含まれてよく、必ずしも化学兵器、例えば、発疱剤(例えば、マスタード・ガス)および神経ガスなどを含むものではない。
一代替実施形態では、本発明の製剤を用いて様々な金属および放射性核種、例えば、重金属、鉛、遷移金属すなわち放射性金属Pu、Th、U、Zr、Nb、Ru、アクチニド、ランタニド、希土類およびそれらの組合せを、例えば、キレート化または環形成反応によって中和することができる。この実施形態では、DAMは、金属がキレート化剤の2個以上の原子に結合しているキレート錯体を形成するためのキレート化剤の役割を果たす。
一代替実施形態では、本発明の製剤を用いて、幅広い種類の農薬を中和することもできる。米国で使用されている農薬は、一般に数種類の主なクラスすなわち有機リン酸塩、カルバメート、有機塩素、およびピレスロイドに分類される。一実施形態では、本発明の製剤を用いて、有機リン酸塩(OPs)、ピレスロイド(SP)、カルボキシ部分、およびカルバメートを含有する農薬を中和することができる。農薬には、一般に、殺虫剤に多く用いられる化学薬品および材料が含まれ、必ずしも化学兵器、例えば発疱剤および神経ガスなどを含むものではない。
Claims (24)
- 広範囲の有毒工業用化学薬品および有毒工業用材料を中和するための方法であって、
前記方法が、
有効成分を有する組成物を有毒工業用化学薬品もしくは有毒工業用材料に適用する段階と、それにより前記有毒工業薬品または/および前記有毒工業用材料を中和する段階とを含み、前記有効成分が1種類以上の2,3,ブタンジオンモノオキシム、それらのアルカリもしくはアルカリ性塩、またはそれらの誘導体を含む、方法。 - 前記有毒工業用材料が、酸、または、求核性カルボニル原子もしくは求核性オキシム窒素原子もしくは酸素原子による求核攻撃を受けやすい部分を含む薬剤である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有毒工業用化学薬品もしくは前記有毒工業用材料が、1,1’−ビ(エチレンオキシド)、アクリロニトリル、アリルアルコール、塩化アリル、メチルメルカプタン、およびホスゲンからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記有毒化学薬品または前記有毒工業用材料が酸である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記酸が、硫酸(H2SO4)、塩酸(HCl)、フッ化水素酸(HF)、過塩素酸(HClO4)、臭化水素酸(HBr)、ヨウ化水素酸(HI)、硝酸(HNO3)、亜硝酸(HNO2)、酢酸、アルシン(AsH3)、セレン化水素、硫化水素(H2S)、二酸化窒素(NO2)の酸性副生成物、二酸化硫黄(SO2)、リン酸、無水酢酸、無水マレイン酸、混合無水物、フルオロ酢酸、およびクロロ酢酸からなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分が、ポリエチレングリコール、モノメトキシポリエチレングリコール、およびポリエチレングリコールエーテルからなる群から選択されるキャリア中に分散している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有毒工業用化学薬品もしくは前記有毒工業用材料が、ヒドラジン、塩素、およびアンモニアからなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分を含有する前記組成物が、有毒工業用化学薬品もしくは有毒工業用材料の量に基づいて、約1:1〜20:1の範囲の量で適用される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分が、2,3ペンタンジオンモノオキシム、3,4ペンタンジオンモノオキシム、3,4ヘキサノンモノオキシム、2,3ヘキサナノンモノオキシムおよび4,5ヘキサノンモノオキシム(代替名称には、2,3−ペンタンジオン3−オキシム(CAS609−29−0)2オキシモペンタン−3−オン,3,オキシモペンタン−4−オン、2,3−ペンタンジオン,3−オキシム、2,4−ペンタンジオンオキシム、ペンタン−2,3−ジオン2−オキシム、2,3,4−ペンタントリオン,3−オキシム、2,4−ペンタンジオン,ジオキシム、2,4−ペンタンジオン,2,4−ジオキシム、およびそれらの組合せが含まれ得る)からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有毒工業薬品または/および前記有毒工業用材料を中和する前記段階が、前記有毒工業薬品または/および材料を封鎖する段階を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 金属原子を中和するための方法であって、
前記方法が、
少なくとも1つの求核性カルボニル部分と少なくとも1つの求核性オキシム窒素部分とを有する有効成分を有する組成物を、金属と反応させる段階と、
前記金属をキレート化する段階と、前記少なくとも1つの求核性カルボニル部分と少なくとも1つの求核性オキシム窒素部分とが前記金属に結合している環構造を形成する段階と、
を含む、方法。 - 前記有効成分が、2,3,ブタンジオンモノオキシムまたはそのアルカリもしくはアルカリ性塩を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分が、カリウム2,3,ブタンジオンモノオキシムを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記金属が、重金属、鉛、遷移金属、放射性金属、Pu、Th、U、Zr、Nb、Ru、アクチニド、ランタニド、希土類金属、およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記環が、5〜7の間の側基を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分が、2,3ペンタンジオンモノオキシム、3,4ペンタンジオンモノオキシム、3,4ヘキサノンモノオキシム、2,3ヘキサナノンモノオキシムおよび4,5ヘキサノンモノオキシム(代替名称には、2,3−ペンタンジオン3−オキシム(CAS609−29−0)2オキシモペンタン−3−オン,3,オキシモペンタン−4−オン、2,3−ペンタンジオン,3−オキシム、2,4−ペンタンジオンオキシム、ペンタン−2,3−ジオン2−オキシム、2,3,4−ペンタントリオン,3−オキシム、2,4−ペンタンジオン,ジオキシム、2,4−ペンタンジオン,2,4−ジオキシム、およびそれらの組合せが含まれ得る)からなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分を含有する前記組成物が、金属の量に基づいて約1:1〜20:1の範囲の量で適用される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分が、2,3,ブタンジオンモノオキシムを含み、かつ、
前記金属と、2,3,ブタンジオンモノオキシムの第1の分子および第2の分子を反応させる段階と、平面正方形錯体を有するキレートされた金属を形成する段階とをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記組成物が、それを必要とする人の皮膚に適用される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 広範囲の農薬を中和する方法であって、前記方法が、
有効成分を有する組成物と農薬を反応させる段階と、それにより前記農薬を中和する段階とを含み、前記有効成分が、2,3,ブタンジオンモノオキシムまたはそのアルカリ塩を含み、かつ、前記農薬が、有機リン酸塩、カルバメート、有機塩素、およびピレトロイドからなる群から選択される、方法。 - 前記農薬に、2−メチル−2−(メチルチオ)プロピオンアルデヒドO−メチルカルバモイルオキシム、2,3−ジヒドロ−2,2−ジメチル−7−ベンゾフラニルメチルカルバメート、3−ヒドロキシカルボフラン、エチルN−[2−(4−フェノキシフェノキシ)エチル]カルバメート、1−ナフチルメチルカルバメート、エチエノカルブ(ethienocarb)、3−ヒドロキシカルボフラン、アルジカルブスルホン、アルジカルブスルホキシド、ブチレート、S−エチルジプロピルチオカルバメート、メチオカルブ、メトミル、モリネート、オキサミル、ペブレート、プロファム、プロポキスル、チオベンカルブ、トリアレート、および2−(1−メチルプロピル)フェニルN−メチルカルバメートからなる群から選択されるカルバメートが含まれる、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、それを必要とする人の皮膚に適用される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、クリーム、ゲル、またはローションである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分が、キャリア中に分散されていて、前記方法が、前記キャリアと前記農薬を反応させる段階と、それにより前記農薬を封鎖する段階とをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
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JP2022540737A (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2022-09-20 | ジーティーサイエン カンパニー リミテッド | 漏出化学物質除毒用中和吸収剤及びその製造方法と、これを充填した中和器 |
JP7288967B2 (ja) | 2020-03-31 | 2023-06-08 | ジーティーサイエン カンパニー リミテッド | 漏出化学物質除毒用中和吸収剤及びその製造方法と、これを充填した中和器 |
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