JP2011505145A - Vegf多型および抗脈管形成治療 - Google Patents
Vegf多型および抗脈管形成治療 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2007年11月30日に出願された米国仮出願第60/991,616号および2008年3月21日に出願された米国仮出願第61/038,699号(これらの開示は、それらの全体が参考として本明細書に援用される)の利益を主張する。
本発明は、抗脈管形成治療と関連するヒト疾患および障害の処置に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、単独で、または他の抗癌治療と組み合わせてかのいずれかでの、癌の抗脈管形成治療に関する。
癌は、未だにヒトの死亡に対する最も致命的な脅威のうちの1つであり、米国では、毎年100万人を超える新たな患者が罹患している。固形腫瘍は、これら死亡の大部分の原因である。特定の癌の医療的処置において顕著な進行があったが、現在の処置方法は、比較的非選択性であり:外科手術は、病的な組織を除去し;放射線療法は、固形腫瘍を縮小させ;そして化学療法は、迅速に分裂している細胞を死滅させる。これら処置は、いくつかの場合においては、与えられ得る投与量を制限するほどに非常に重篤であるように多くの副作用を生じ得るので、潜在的に有効な薬物の使用を妨げ得る。
本発明は、VEGFアンタゴニストでの処置から利益を受ける増大した可能性および/もしくは抗VEGF治療(アバスチン(登録商標)を用いるものを含む)を受けている最中の患者における高血圧症の増大した危険性を推定する、VEGFにおける多型の同定に一部依存する。
本発明の実施は、別段示されなければ、分子生物学(組み換え技術が挙げられる)、微生物学、細胞生物学、生化学、および免疫学の従来の技術を使用し、これら技術は、当該分野の技術範囲内である。このような技術は、文献(例えば、「Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual」,第二版(Sambrookら,1989);「Oligonucleotide Synthesis」(M.J.Gait,編,1984);「Animal Cell Culture」(R.I.Freshney,編,1987);「Methods in Enzymology」(Academic Press,Inc.);「Current Protocols in Molecular Biology」(F.M.Ausubelら,編,1987,おいよび周期的最新版);「PCR: The Polymerase Chain Reaction」,(Mullisら,編,1994))において十分に説明されている。
本明細書で使用される場合、単数形「1つの、ある(a)」、「1つの、ある(an)」および「上記、この、その(the)」とは、状況が明らかに別のものを示さない限り、複数形を含む。例えば、「1つの(ある)」細胞はまた、「細胞(複数)」を含む。
E2100は、以前に処置されていない転移性乳癌を有する女性に対して、パクリタキセルにベバシズマブを加える場合、無進行生存率(PFS)および奏効率(RR)における改善を実証した、第III相の集団間治験であった。ベバシズマブを受けた女性において、顕著により多くの高血圧およびタンパク尿が認められた。
本発明者らは、乳癌に対して、アバスチンのE2100治験からのデータの後ろ向き治験を行った。上記データセットは、673名の適格な患者を含め、623名の疾患進行事象および483名の死亡があった。これらのうち、本発明者らは、363名の適格な症例(43ヶ月のメジアン追跡)からのパラフィン包埋腫瘍ブロックを遺伝子型決定した。さらに、377名の適格な症例は、VEGF IHCに対して入手可能であった。341名は、VEGFR−2 IHCに対して入手可能であった。全ての標本を、患者識別子も、臨床結果情報もなしで、「ブラインド」で分析した。
本発明者らが試験した多型を、表1に示す。
1)これらが、脈管形成経路に関与している;2)これらが、確証された遺伝的多型を有していた;3)上記多型の頻度が、集団レベルにおいて薬物応答に対するその影響が重要であるに非常に十分であった;および/または4)上記多型は、生物学的に関連する様式で、上記遺伝子の機能を変化させることができた。
DNAを、DNeasy(登録商標)Tissue kit(Qiagen,Valencia,CA)を使用して、20マイクロメートルパラフィン包埋組織切片から抽出した。SNPを、Taqman(登録商標)ベースのリアルタイムPCRで遺伝子型決定した。各SNPに関する詳細は、Schneiderら(2007)「Association of polymorphisms of angiogenesis genes with breast cancer」Breast Cancer Res.Treatにおいて以前に記載された。全体的に、遺伝子型は、症例のうちの88.2%において首尾良く決定された。このことは、分析されるSNPに基づいて変動し、82%〜92%の成功率に及んだ。組み合わされた全てのSNPに関して、50%が、上記コントロールアームから正確に評価され、50%が、上記組み合わせアームから正確に評価された。
VEGFおよびVEGFR−2の両方のタンパク質発現を、上記付託された(submitted)腫瘍ブロックからIHCによって評価した。VEGF評価に関して、スライドを、脱パラフィン化し、再水和し、クエン酸緩衝液(pH6.0)とともに30分間にわたって蒸し器(vegetable steamer)中に置いた。スライドを室温へと冷却した後、それらを、蒸留水を2回交換し、続いて、0.05% TweenTM 20(Fisher Scientific,Pittsburgh PA)を含むリン酸緩衝化生理食塩水(PBST)を2回交換して、洗浄した。次いで、スライドを、Dako Autostainer(Dako Cytomation,Carpinteria CA)に置いた。スライドを、ペルオキシダーゼブロッキング溶液(Dako,S2001)とともに10分間にわたってインキュベートし、続いて、合計で最低10分間にわたって、PBSTを3回交換した。次いで、スライドを、1:100希釈した抗VEGF抗体(VG1,Lab Vision,Fremont CA)とともに60分間、Dako Envision +(Dako, K4001)とともに60分間、およびDAB基質−クロモゲンシステム(Dako,K3466)とともに逐次的にインキュベートし、各工程の間に、PBSTを3回交換した。スライドを、再水和したHarrisヘマトキシリン(Fisher)で対比染色し、きれいにし、カバースリップをかけた。VEGF−invスコアを、スライド全体から、細胞質VEGF染色を有する侵襲性腫瘍細胞の割合を概算することによって計算した。
事象時間分布を、Kaplan−Meier分析を使用して概算した。遺伝子型と時間 対 事象結果(PFSおよびOS)との関連を、Coxの比例ハザード法を使用して評価した。有意レベル=0.017は、マルチ比較のためのBonferroni較正に基づいて、各多型について0.05の全体のタイプI誤差率に対応した。各比較につき1.7%の擬陽性率を仮定すると、少なくとも1つの擬陽性が21比較の中で起こる確率は、約0.3であった。このことから、全ての比較が、独立しているということが想定された。遺伝子型とRR(完全奏効/部分奏効 対 安定疾患/進行性疾患として定義される)および毒性(グレード3/4の高血圧症)との関連を、有意レベルp=0.05でのFisherの正確度検定を使用して評価した。遺伝子型と発現との関連を、Kruskal−wallis検定を使用して調べた。RRおよび毒性については、各比較に付き5%の擬陽性率を仮定すると、7比較の中で少なくとも1個の擬陽性が起こる確率は、約0.3であった。このことから、全ての比較が、独立しているということが想定された。発現と、時間 対 事象結果(PFSおよびOS)およびRRとの関連を、それぞれ、Coxの比例ハザード法およびWilcoxon順位和検定を使用して評価した。全てのp値は、両側であった。
全ての候補遺伝子型(表1)を、E2100において評価したように、上記コントロールアーム(パクリタキセルのみ)および上記組み合わせアーム(パクリタキセルおよびベバシズマブ)の両方における効力と比較した。効力パラメーターは、PFS(E2100の主要エンドポイント)、OS、およびRRを含んでいた。上記VEGF−2578 AA遺伝子型および上記VEGF−1154 AA遺伝子型は、上記組み合わせアームにおける患者について有利なOSを推定した(表2)。
全ての候補遺伝子型(表1)を、最も一般的な、顕著な毒性のグレード3/4の高血圧(一般毒性基準(Common Toxicity Criteria)によって)と比較した。上記親治験においてベバシズマブを受けている全ての患者のうちの15%超が、グレード3/4の高血圧症を経験した。本発明者らは、VEGF−1498C/TおよびVEGF−634G/Cの両方における特異的対立遺伝子が、上記実験アームにおけるグレード3/4の高血圧症と関連していることを観察した。上記VEGF−634 CCおよびVEGF−1498 TTの遺伝子型は、代替の遺伝子型と比較した場合、グレード3/4未満の高血圧症と強く相関した(それぞれ、8%および0%)(表5)。上記CA遺伝子型(21%)およびAA(22%)遺伝子型と比較した場合、上記VEGF−2578 CC遺伝子型(12%)において、高血圧症は数的に少なかったが、このことは、統計的有意に達しなかった(p=0.32)。上記VEGF−2578 CC 対 上記組み合わせた代替の遺伝子型(CA/AA)を比較した場合、関連の傾向が認められた(p=0.16)。類似の様式で、上記VEGF−1154 GG遺伝子型は、上記GA(22%)およびGG(27%)の組み合わせた代替の遺伝子型と比較して少ない高血圧症を有した(14%)が、これは、統計的有意に達しなかった(p=0.15)。
全ての候補遺伝子型(表1)を、VEGFおよびVEGFR−2の両方について原発性腫瘍発現(IHCによって評価した)と比較した。VEGF発現の程度を、(侵襲性細胞のパーセンテージと細胞質VEGF染色とに基づいて)0〜100に及ぶVEGF_invスコアによって評価した。VEGFR−2発現の程度を、Hスコア(これは、0(発現が検出されない)から300(上記細胞のうちの100%が、最大3+発現を有した)までの範囲に及び得る)によって評価した。上記遺伝子型を、全コホートについてVEGF発現と比較したところ、統計的に有意な関連は決定されなかった。上記VEGF−2578遺伝子型については、遺伝子型とVEGF inv_スコアとの間の関連にある傾向があった。上記AA遺伝子型についての平均スコアは、上記代替の遺伝子型(CA=54(標準偏差=37)およびCC=61(標準偏差=37))と比較して低かった(AA=48(標準偏差=40))が、これは、統計的有意に達しなかった(p=0.08)。上記VEGF−1154 AA遺伝子型はまた、上記代替の遺伝子型(GA=53(標準偏差=38)およびGG=58(標準偏差=37))より低い平均発現(AA=42(標準偏差=40))を有したが、これも、統計的有意に達しなかった(p=0.13)。遺伝子型は、VEGFR−2の発現と相関しなかった。
原発性腫瘍発現(IHCによって評価した)を、E2100における結果(RR、PFSおよびOS)と比較した。VEGFもしくはVEGFR−2のいずれかの発現と結果との間に、統計学的に有意な関連はなかった。このことは、上記コントロールアーム、上記組み合わせアーム、もしくは全コホートを評価した場合に当てはまった。
Claims (24)
- 患者が、VEGFアンタゴニストでの処置と関連する高血圧症の増大したリスクがあるか否かを推定する方法であって、該方法は、VEGFにおけるゲノム多型(−1498C/T)について、該患者から単離されたサンプルをスクリーニングする工程を包含し、ここで該患者は、対応する遺伝子型が、VEGF(−1498C)を含む場合、VEGFアンタゴニストでの処置と関連する高血圧症の増大したリスクがある、方法。
- 患者が、VEGFアンタゴニストでの処置と関連する高血圧症の増大したリスクがあるか否かを推定する方法であって、該方法は、VEGFにおけるゲノム多型(−634G/C)について、該患者から単離されたサンプルをスクリーニングする工程を包含し、ここで該患者は、対応する遺伝子型が、VEGF(−634G)を含む場合、VEGFアンタゴニストでの処置と関連する高血圧症の増大したリスクがある、方法。
- 前記VEGFアンタゴニストは、抗VEGF抗体である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記抗VEGF抗体は、ベバシズマブである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記患者は、VEGFアンタゴニストで癌について処置されている、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 抗腫瘍組成物を投与する工程をさらに包含する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記癌は乳癌である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記VEGFアンタゴニストは、抗VEGF抗体である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記抗VEGF抗体は、ベバシズマブである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 抗腫瘍組成物を投与する工程をさらに包含する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 患者が、VEGFアンタゴニストでの処置と関連する高血圧症の増大したリスクがあるか否かを推定するためのキットであって、該キットは、VEGF(−1498C/T)およびVEGF(−634G/C)からなる群より選択されるVEGFにおける多型に対して特異的な第1のオリゴヌクレオチドおよび第2のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、キット。
- 前記第1のオリゴヌクレオチドおよび前記第2のオリゴヌクレオチドは、VEGF(−1498C/T)およびVEGF(−634G/C)からなる群より選択されるVEGFにおける多型を含むVEGF遺伝子の一部を増幅するために使用することができる、請求項11に記載のキット。
- 患者が、VEGFアンタゴニストでの処置から利益を受ける増大した可能性を有するか否かを推定する方法であって、該方法は、VEGFにおけるゲノム多型(−2578C/A)について、該患者から単離されたサンプルをスクリーニングする工程を包含し、ここで該患者は、対応する遺伝子型が、VEGF(−2578AA)を含む場合、VEGFアンタゴニストでの処置から利益を受ける増大した可能性を有する、方法。
- 患者が、VEGFアンタゴニストでの処置から利益を受ける増大した可能性を有するか否かを推定する方法であって、該方法は、VEGFにおけるゲノム多型(−1154G/A)について、該患者から単離されたサンプルをスクリーニングする工程を包含し、ここで該患者は、対応する遺伝子型が、VEGF(−1154AA)を含む場合、VEGFアンタゴニストでの処置から利益を受ける増大した可能性を有する、方法。
- 前記VEGFアンタゴニストは、抗VEGF抗体である、請求項13または14に記載の方法。
- 前記抗VEGF抗体は、ベバシズマブである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記患者は、VEGFアンタゴニストで癌について処置される、請求項13または14に記載の方法。
- 抗腫瘍組成物を投与する工程をさらに包含する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記癌は乳癌である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記VEGFアンタゴニストは、抗VEGF抗体である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記抗VEGF抗体は、ベバシズマブである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 抗腫瘍組成物を投与する工程をさらに包含する、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 患者が、VEGFアンタゴニストでの処置から利益を受ける増大した可能性を有するか否かを推定するためのキットであって、該キットは、VEGF(−2578C/A)およびVEGF(−1154G/A)からなる群より選択されるVEGFにおける多型に対して特異的な第1のオリゴヌクレオチドおよび第2のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む、キット。
- 前記第1のオリゴヌクレオチドおよび前記第2のオリゴヌクレオチドは、VEGF(−2578C/A)およびVEGF(−1154G/A)からなる群より選択されるVEGFにおける多型を含むVEGF遺伝子の一部を増幅するために使用することができる、請求項11に記載のキット。
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JP2014526901A (ja) * | 2011-08-31 | 2014-10-09 | エフ・ホフマン−ラ・ロシュ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 抗血管新生療法に伴う高血圧のリスクを予測する方法 |
JP2015516985A (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2015-06-18 | ミレニアム ファーマシューティカルズ, インコーポレイテッドMillennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 抗gcc抗体分子、およびgcc標的化療法への感受性を試験するためのその使用 |
JP2017131245A (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2017-08-03 | ミレニアム ファーマシューティカルズ, インコーポレイテッドMillennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 抗gcc抗体分子、およびgcc標的化療法への感受性を試験するためのその使用 |
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