JP2011502186A - ポリマー凝固剤を含む逆乳化ポリマー - Google Patents
ポリマー凝固剤を含む逆乳化ポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011502186A JP2011502186A JP2010530324A JP2010530324A JP2011502186A JP 2011502186 A JP2011502186 A JP 2011502186A JP 2010530324 A JP2010530324 A JP 2010530324A JP 2010530324 A JP2010530324 A JP 2010530324A JP 2011502186 A JP2011502186 A JP 2011502186A
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- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XUWVIABDWDTJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ylazanide Chemical compound CC(C)[NH-] XUWVIABDWDTJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOODSCBKXPPKHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanethioic s-acid Chemical compound CCC(S)=O KOODSCBKXPPKHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000276 sauconite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019337 sorbitan trioleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000391 sorbitan trioleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001589 sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011078 sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004129 sorbitan tristearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005472 straight-chain saturated fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CAYKLJBSARHIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroalumane;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Al](Cl)Cl CAYKLJBSARHIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003176 water-insoluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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Abstract
Description
(a)水、油性物質、油中水乳化剤、ポリマー凝固剤(coagulant)、ラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体、および、場合によって、1種または複数のラジカル重合性、エチレン性不飽和コモノマーを含む油中水モノマー分散液を調製する工程、および
(b)ラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体、および、場合によって存在する1種または複数のラジカル重合性、エチレン性不飽和コモノマーをラジカル重合させ、それにより介在ポリマー(intercalated polymer)を得る工程、
を含む方法によって得られる油中水ポリマー分散液によって、歩留りおよび脱水(排水)特性が改善されることが分かり、
ここで、ポリマー凝固剤は、(アルク)アクリルアミドアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、(アルク)アクリロイルオキシアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、およびアルケニルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の陽イオン性モノマーから誘導される。
(a)水、油性物質、油中水乳化剤、ポリマー凝固剤、ラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体、および、場合によって、1種または複数のラジカル重合性、エチレン性不飽和コモノマーを含む油中水モノマー分散液を調製する工程、および
(b)ラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体、および、場合によって存在する1種または複数のラジカル重合性、エチレン性不飽和コモノマーをラジカル重合させ、それにより介在ポリマーを得る工程
を含む油中水ポリマー分散液の調製方法に関する。ここで、ポリマー凝固剤は、(アルク)アクリルアミドアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、(アルク)アクリロイルオキシアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、およびアルケニルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の陽イオン性モノマーから誘導される。
-30から100重量%の(アルク)アクリルアミドアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、(アルク)アクリロイルオキシアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライドおよび/またはアルケニルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、および
-0から70重量%の非イオン性コモノマー
から誘導(合成)される。
R1は、直鎖または分枝C1〜8アルキレン、好ましくはエチル、プロピル、ブチルまたはペンチルであり;
R2, R3, R4およびR5は、互いに独立に水素、C1〜C6アルキル、好ましくはメチル、エチルまたはプロピル;C5〜C10アリール、好ましくはフェニル;またはC6〜C16アリールアルキル、好ましくはベンジルであり;
Aは、O、NHまたはR6がC1〜C6アルキルであるNR6であり、好ましくはNHであり;
Xは、ハロゲン、擬ハロゲン、アルキルカルボキシレートまたはアルキルサルフェート、好ましくは塩素である]。
R7は、水素またはメチルを表し、
R8およびR9は、互いに独立に、水素、1から5個のC原子を有するアルキルまたはヒドロキシアルキルを表す]。
R10は、水素またはメチルを表し、
R11は、2から6個の炭素原子を有するアルキレンを表し、
R12は、8から32個の炭素原子を有する水素、アルキル、アリールまたはアラルキルを表し、
Bは、OまたはNR13を表し、R13は、1から4個の炭素原子を有するアルキルを表し、
nは、1から50、好ましくは1から20の整数を表す]。
- 油性物質は、6から30個の炭素原子を含む脂肪族炭化水素であり、
- ポリマー凝固剤は、(アルク)アクリルアミドアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライドを含む1種または複数のモノマーから誘導され、
- ラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体は、(アルク)アクリロイルオキシアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライドであり、かつ/または
- ラジカル重合性、エチレン性不飽和コモノマーは、(アルク)アクリルアミドを含む。
(a)以下を含む油中水モノマー分散液を調製する工程
- 水、
- 油性物質、
- 油中水乳化剤、
- 75,000から350,000g/molの重量平均分子量Mwを有し、
・ 30から100重量%の(アルク)アクリルアミドアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、(アルク)アクリロイルオキシアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、および/またはアルケニルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、および
・ 0から70重量%の非イオン性エチレン性不飽和コモノマー
から合成されるポリマー凝固剤、および
- 以下のモノマー混合物
・ 1から99重量%、好ましくは1から60重量%の(アルク)アクリルアミドアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、(アルク)アクリロイルオキシアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、アルケニルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライドおよび/またはジアルケニルジアルキルアンモニウムハライド、および
・ 1から99重量%、好ましくは40から99重量%の非イオン性エチレン性不飽和コモノマー;ならびに
(b)ラジカル開始剤を添加し、それによってモノマー混合物のラジカル重合を実施する工程
を含む。
- 1重量%水性分散液中で、3,000から20,000mPas、より好ましくは4,000から18,000mPas、さらにより好ましくは5,000から16,000mPas、最も好ましくは6,000から14,000mPas、および、特には7,000から9,000mPasの範囲内の溶液粘度(Brookfieldによる);ならびに/または
- 少なくとも750mPas、より好ましくは、少なくとも1,000mPas、さらにより好ましくは、少なくとも1,250mPas、最も好ましくは、少なくとも1,500mPas、および、特には、少なくとも1,750mPasの塩粘度
を有する。
- とりわけ、以下の油中水ポリマー分散液の改善されたレオロジー特性をもたらすより高分子量を有する介在ポリマーを得ることができ、
- ポリマー凝固剤中および/または介在ポリマー中のイオン性モノマーの非イオン性モノマーに対するモル比は、油中水ポリマー分散液の本質的な性質を著しく低下させることなく広い範囲内で変えることができ、
- ポリマー凝固剤の化学的性質は、介在ポリマーの化学的性質とは実質的に無関係であり、
- 分岐剤、架橋剤および他の重合助剤は、重合プロセスを複雑にすることなく組み込むことができる。
- 30から100重量%の(アルク)アクリルアミドアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、(アルク)アクリロイルオキシアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、アルケニルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライドおよび/もしくはジアルケニルジアルキルアンモニウムハライド;および0から70重量%の非イオン性コモノマー;または
- エピクロロヒドリンおよびジアルキルアミンの共重合物
から誘導(合成)される。
粘度測定方法
溶液粘度-水性ポリマー組成物1重量%ポリマー含有量:
ブルックフィールド粘度を、RVT-DV II ブルックフィールド粘度計を用いて測定する。300mlの(ポリマー含有量に対して)1.0重量%溶液を調製するのに必要な量を、シリンジを用いて化学天秤上で秤量する。ビーカーに300mlの脱塩水を満たす。次いで、最初に導入した水を、磁気撹拌機(40/7)を用いて、ビーカーの底に達するコーンが形成されるような強度(約900Upm)で撹拌する。ここで、ポリマーをこの「撹拌漏斗」中に急速に注入する。1分後、磁気撹拌機を取り外し、撹拌を300±10Upmでフィンガー攪拌機(finger agitator)を用いて30分間続ける。温度を20±1℃に調節し、この混合物を5分間静置する。次いで、割線値は1分間一定であるという条件で、スピンドルno.3を混合物中にゆっくりと浸し、粘度を5Upmで測定する。
活性ポリマー含有量に対して0.9重量%のポリマーを含む水性混合物を調製する。30gの前記水性混合物を、270mlの水中の30gの塩化ナトリウムの溶液を添加することによって希釈する。混合物全体を30分間撹拌する。温度を20℃に調節し、混合物を5分間静置する。次いで、割線値は1分間一定であるという条件で、スピンドルno.1を混合物中にゆっくりと浸し、粘度を10Upmで測定する。スピンドルにおける気泡は厳重に避ける必要がある。
(比較例C-1)
油中水モノマー分散液を、15.744kgの水、25.111kgのC16〜C20アルカン、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルおよび脂肪アルコールエトキシレートを含む3.348kgの乳化剤組成物、10.613kgのADAME-quat.(80重量%)(すなわち、塩化メチルで四級化されたジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート)、および59.929kgのアクリルアミド(50重量%)から調製した。硫酸を添加することによって、pH値を3に調節した。アゾ開始剤を添加することによってラジカル重合を開始した。
油中水モノマー分散液を、21.440kgの水、25.890kgのC16〜C20アルカン、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルおよび脂肪アルコールエトキシレートを含む3.702kgの乳化剤組成物、12.750kgのADAME-quat. (80重量%)、および50.162kgのアクリルアミド(50重量%)から調製した。硫酸を添加することによって、pHを3に調節した。比較例C-1と同じ開始剤系を添加することによって、ラジカル重合を開始した。
油中水モノマー分散液を、16.836kgの水、22.474kgのC16〜C20アルカン、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルおよび脂肪アルコールエトキシレートを含む3.532kgの乳化剤組成物、20.811kgのADAME-quat. (80重量%)、および44.495kgのアクリルアミド(50重量%)から調製した。硫酸を添加することによって、pH値を3に調節した。比較例C-1およびC-2と同じ開始剤系を添加することによって、ラジカル重合を開始した。
水中水モノマー分散液を、31.953kgの水、5.569kgのADAME-quat.(80重量%)、26.720kgのアクリルアミド(50重量%)、および31.572kgのポリマー凝固剤PC-2から調製した。硫酸を添加することによって、pH値を5に調節した。ラジカル開始剤を添加することによって、ラジカル重合を開始した。
油中水モノマー分散液を、296.7gのC16〜C20アルカン、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルおよび脂肪アルコールエトキシレートを含む58.2gの乳化剤組成物、125.4gのADAME-quat. (80重量%)、708.0gのアクリルアミド(50重量%)、および170.2gのポリマー凝固剤PC-1から調製した。開始剤系を添加することによって、ラジカル重合を開始した。
油中水モノマー分散液を、0.827kgの水、24.067kgのC16〜C20アルカン、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルおよび脂肪アルコールエトキシレートを含む5.856kgの乳化剤組成物、10.172kgのADAME-quat.(80重量%)、57.430kgのアクリルアミド(50重量%)、および13.806kgのポリマー凝固剤PC-2から調製した。開始剤系を添加することによって、ラジカル重合を開始した。
(応用例A-1)
BTG Mutek製のDFS 03装置を使用して、本発明による油中水ポリマー分散液を特定の紙パルプ懸濁液に添加することによって、歩留りを測定した。
PD流出:重量%で示した濾液(背水)のパルプ密度
灰分流出:濾液(背水)の重量%で示したパーセント無機燃焼残渣
灰分流入:流入液(パルプ懸濁液)の重量%で示したパーセント無機燃焼残渣。
BTG Mutek製DFS 03装置を使用して、歩留りを、応用例1の実験条件と同様に測定した。
C-1 39%活性 7.520mPa*s
C-5 37%活性 6.980mPa*s
I-1 37%活性 8.540mPa*s(1重量%溶液中で測定された粘度)
添加:約5g(乾燥器)において200、400および600ppm
結果をtable(下表)に要約し、図2から4に示す。
脱水測定を、修正したショッパー-リーグラー法によって実施した。歩留りおよび灰分歩留りをBritt-Jar法に従って測定した。紙の実験室シートを、形成を測定するために作製した。
本発明による油中水ポリマー分散液(I-1)の歩留りおよび排水性能を、先行技術による水中水ポリマー分散液(C-4)の歩留りおよび排水性能と比較した。
Claims (14)
- (a)水、油性物質、油中水乳化剤、ポリマー凝固剤、ラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体、および場合によって1種または複数のラジカル重合性、エチレン性不飽和コモノマーを含む油中水モノマー分散液を調製する工程と、
(b)ラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体および場合によって存在する1種または複数のラジカル重合性、エチレン性不飽和コモノマーをラジカル重合させ、それによって介在ポリマーを得る工程と、
を含み
前記ポリマー凝固剤は、(アルク)アクリルアミドアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、(アルク)アクリロイルオキシアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、およびアルケニルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の陽イオン性モノマーから誘導される、油中水ポリマー分散液の調製方法。 - 前記油性物質が、脂肪族炭化水素である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記油中水乳化剤が、2から9の範囲内のHLB値を有する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記ラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体が、(アルク)アクリルアミドアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、(アルク)アクリロイルオキシアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド、アルケニルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライドおよびジアルケニルジアルキルアンモニウムハライドからなる群から選択される陽イオン性モノマーである、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記1種または複数のエチレン性不飽和コモノマーが、(アルク)アクリルアミドを含む、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体の含有量が、前記ラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体および前記ラジカル重合性、エチレン性不飽和コモノマーの合計量に対して、0.1から50mol%の範囲内である、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- - 前記油性物質が、6から30個の炭素原子を含む脂肪族炭化水素であり、かつ/または
- 前記ポリマー凝固剤が、(アルク)アクリルアミドアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライドを含む1種または複数のモノマーから誘導され、かつ/または
- 前記ラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体が、(アルク)アクリロイルオキシアルキルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライドであり、かつ/または
- 前記ラジカル重合性、エチレン性不飽和コモノマーが、アクリルアミドを含む、
請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 水、油性物質、油中水乳化剤、ポリマー凝固剤、および介在ポリマーを含み、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の方法によって得られる油中水ポリマー分散液。
- 前記介在ポリマーの重量平均分子量Mwが、前記ポリマー凝固剤の重量平均分子量Mwより大きい、請求項8に記載の油中水ポリマー分散液。
- - 3,000から20,000mPasの範囲内の溶液粘度、および/または
- 少なくとも750mPasの塩粘度
を有する、請求項8または9に記載の油中水ポリマー分散液。 - - 10から90重量%の水、
- 0.1から60重量%の少なくとも1種の油性物質、
- 0.1から25重量%の少なくとも1種の油中水乳化剤、
- 0.1から30重量%の少なくとも1種のポリマー凝固剤、および
- 少なくとも1種の介在ポリマーであって、
- 0.1から30重量%の少なくとも1種のラジカル重合性(アルク)アクリル酸誘導体、および
- 1.0から90重量%の少なくとも1種のラジカル重合性エチレン性不飽和コモノマーから誘導される介在ポリマー
を含み、全ての百分率は、前記分散液の総重量に基づく、請求項8から10のいずれかに記載の油中水ポリマー分散液。 - 請求項8から11のいずれかに記載の油中水ポリマー分散液の凝集剤としての使用。
- 請求項8から12のいずれかに記載の油中水ポリマー分散液を水性セルロース懸濁液に添加する工程を含む、紙、板紙またはカード用厚紙の製造方法。
- 追加のポリマー凝固剤が、前記セルロース懸濁液に添加される、請求項13に記載の方法。
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