JP2011196741A - Visual inspection method and device of tire - Google Patents

Visual inspection method and device of tire Download PDF

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JP2011196741A
JP2011196741A JP2010061931A JP2010061931A JP2011196741A JP 2011196741 A JP2011196741 A JP 2011196741A JP 2010061931 A JP2010061931 A JP 2010061931A JP 2010061931 A JP2010061931 A JP 2010061931A JP 2011196741 A JP2011196741 A JP 2011196741A
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tire
camera
light
polarized light
polarization
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JP5837283B2 (en
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哲也 ▲鮭▼川
Tetsuya Sakegawa
Tomoyuki Kaneko
智之 金子
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Bridgestone Corp
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Bridgestone Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
    • G01B11/303—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces using photoelectric detection means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/02—Tyres
    • G01M17/027—Tyres using light, e.g. infrared, ultraviolet or holographic techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B2210/00—Aspects not specifically covered by any group under G01B, e.g. of wheel alignment, caliper-like sensors
    • G01B2210/10—Wheel alignment
    • G01B2210/28—Beam projector and related sensors, camera, inclinometer or other active sensing or projecting device
    • G01B2210/283—Beam projectors and related sensors
    • G01B2210/286—Projecting a light pattern on the wheel or vehicle body

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a visual inspection method and a device of a tire capable of performing the visual inspection of the shape of the tire in a shorter time by a processing method simpler than a conventional method and capable of detecting even the surface fine flaw of the tire.SOLUTION: In the visual inspection method of the tire, the surface of the tire 10 is irradiated with polarized light Lto detect the reflected light Lof the polarized light from the surface of the tire by a polarization camera 2 and the surface unevenness of the tire is detected from the intensity of the detected reflected light. As the polarization camera 2, a camera equipped with polarizers in at least three or more different directions is preferably used. Furthermore, as the polarized light, linear polarized light can be preferably used.

Description

本発明は、タイヤの外観検査方法および外観検査装置（以下、単に「検査方法」および「検査装置」とも称する）に関し、詳しくは、製品タイヤの外観形状を自動的に検査することが可能なタイヤの外観検査方法および外観検査装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a tire appearance inspection method and an appearance inspection apparatus (hereinafter also simply referred to as “inspection method” and “inspection apparatus”), and more specifically, a tire capable of automatically inspecting the appearance shape of a product tire. The present invention relates to an appearance inspection method and an appearance inspection apparatus.

従来、タイヤの外観形状の良否を検査する方法として、図４に示すような、光切断法を用いた検査方法が知られている。この検査方法は、検査するタイヤ６０を回転装置７１に搭載して回転させるとともに、半導体レーザなどを用いた投光装置７２によりタイヤ６０のサイド部６０Ｋにスリット光を照射して、上記サイド部６０Ｋのスリット像をＣＣＤカメラなどのエリアカメラ７３により撮影した後、このスリット像Ｓの画像データ（輝度データ）からサイド部６０Ｋの形状を求め、これを基準となるサイド部６０Ｋの画像と比較して、その形状の良否を判定するものである。   Conventionally, an inspection method using a light cutting method as shown in FIG. 4 is known as a method for inspecting the quality of the appearance of a tire. In this inspection method, the tire 60 to be inspected is mounted on the rotating device 71 and rotated, and the light projecting device 72 using a semiconductor laser or the like irradiates the side portion 60K of the tire 60 with slit light, thereby the side portion 60K. After the slit image is taken by an area camera 73 such as a CCD camera, the shape of the side portion 60K is obtained from the image data (luminance data) of the slit image S, and this is compared with the reference image of the side portion 60K. The quality of the shape is determined.

タイヤ等の外観検査に係る技術としては、例えば、特許文献１に、被検体の検査対象面にスリット光を照射する投光手段と上記スリット光の照射部を撮影するエリアカメラとを備えた撮影手段と被検体とを相対的に移動させて上記被検体を撮影し、この撮影されたエリアカメラの画素データから上記被検体の座標と輝度とを算出して上記被検体の形状と濃淡とを検出し、上記被検体の形状及び外観を同時に検査するようにした被検体の外観・形状検査方法が開示されている。また、タイヤ等の外観検査を精度良く行うための技術としては、例えば、特許文献２〜４に開示されている技術も公知である。   As a technique related to an appearance inspection of a tire or the like, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-228867 includes a light projecting unit that irradiates slit light onto a surface to be inspected of an object and an area camera that photographs the irradiation part of the slit light. The subject and the subject are relatively moved to photograph the subject, and the coordinates and brightness of the subject are calculated from the pixel data of the photographed area camera to obtain the shape and shading of the subject. A method for inspecting the appearance and shape of a subject that is detected and simultaneously inspected for the shape and appearance of the subject is disclosed. Moreover, as a technique for accurately performing an appearance inspection of a tire or the like, for example, techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 2 to 4 are also known.

特開２００３‐２４０５２１号公報（特許請求の範囲等）JP 2003-240521 A (Claims etc.) 特開２００１‐２４９０１２号公報（特許請求の範囲等）JP 2001-249012 A (claims, etc.) 特開２００５‐１４８０１０号公報（特許請求の範囲等）JP-A-2005-148010 (Claims etc.) 特開２００８‐２３２７７９号公報（特許請求の範囲等）JP 2008-232779 (Claims etc.)

しかしながら、従来のタイヤの外観検査方法は、断面画像データを立体（３Ｄ）処理して形状データを取得するものであるため、１個のタイヤの検査に要する計算量が多く、処理が煩雑で、時間がかかるという問題があった。また、従来の光切断法を用いた外観検査方法では、分解能はカメラの性能およびラインレーザーの線幅により制限されるため、微細な凹凸欠陥を検出するためにはレーザーおよびカメラの両方の性能を向上させる必要があった。したがって、より短時間で、かつ、簡素な処理方法で、タイヤ表面の微小欠陥を検出することができる検査技術が求められていた。   However, the conventional tire appearance inspection method is to obtain the shape data by processing the cross-sectional image data three-dimensionally (3D), so the amount of calculation required for the inspection of one tire is large, the processing is complicated, There was a problem that it took time. In addition, in the conventional visual inspection method using the light cutting method, the resolution is limited by the performance of the camera and the line width of the line laser, so the performance of both the laser and the camera must be used to detect fine irregularities. There was a need to improve. Therefore, there has been a demand for an inspection technique that can detect minute defects on the tire surface in a shorter time and with a simple processing method.

そこで本発明の目的は、上記問題を解消して、タイヤの外観形状の検査を、従来法と比較してより短時間で、かつ、簡素な処理方法により行うことができ、さらにはタイヤ表面の微小欠陥についても検出することが可能なタイヤの外観検査方法および外観検査装置を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to inspect the external shape of the tire in a shorter time and with a simple processing method compared to the conventional method, and further, on the tire surface. An object of the present invention is to provide a tire appearance inspection method and appearance inspection apparatus that can detect even minute defects.

本発明者は鋭意検討した結果、タイヤ表面に対し偏光を照射して、その反射光の偏光状態の変化を分析する手法を用いることで、上記問題を解決できることを見出して、本発明を完成するに至った。   As a result of intensive studies, the present inventor has found that the above problem can be solved by irradiating the tire surface with polarized light and analyzing the change in the polarization state of the reflected light, thereby completing the present invention. It came to.

すなわち、本発明のタイヤの外観検査方法は、タイヤの表面に対し偏光を照射して、該タイヤ表面からの該偏光の反射光を偏光カメラにより受光し、受光した反射光の光強度から該タイヤ表面の凹凸を検出することを特徴とするものである。   That is, in the tire appearance inspection method of the present invention, the surface of the tire is irradiated with polarized light, the reflected light of the polarized light from the tire surface is received by a polarization camera, and the tire is determined from the light intensity of the received reflected light. It is characterized by detecting surface irregularities.

また、本発明のタイヤの外観検査装置は、タイヤの表面に対し偏光を照射する光照射手段と、該タイヤ表面からの該偏光の反射光を受光する偏光カメラと、該偏光カメラで受光した反射光の光強度から該タイヤ表面の凹凸を検出する凹凸検出手段と、を備えることを特徴とするものである。   The tire appearance inspection apparatus according to the present invention includes a light irradiation means for irradiating polarized light on the surface of the tire, a polarized camera for receiving reflected light of the polarized light from the tire surface, and a reflection received by the polarized camera. And unevenness detecting means for detecting unevenness on the surface of the tire from the light intensity of light.

本発明において好適には、前記偏光カメラとして、少なくとも３以上の異なる方向の偏光子を備えるものを用いる。また、本発明において、前記偏光としては、直線偏光を用いることが好ましい。さらに、前記偏光カメラは、前記タイヤ表面に対し垂直な方向に配置することが好ましい。さらにまた、前記偏光カメラとしてラインカメラを用いて、前記タイヤを周方向に回転させながら連続的に検査を行うことが好ましく、この場合、本発明の検査装置は、前記タイヤを周方向に回転させることが可能な回転手段を備えるものとすることができる。   In the present invention, it is preferable to use a camera having at least three polarizers in different directions as the polarization camera. In the present invention, it is preferable to use linearly polarized light as the polarized light. Furthermore, it is preferable that the polarization camera is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the tire surface. Furthermore, it is preferable that the line camera is used as the polarization camera to continuously inspect while rotating the tire in the circumferential direction. In this case, the inspection apparatus of the present invention rotates the tire in the circumferential direction. It is possible to provide rotating means capable of this.

本発明によれば、タイヤの外観形状の検査を、従来法と比較してより短時間で、かつ、簡素な処理方法により行うことができ、しかも、従来方法では不可能だったタイヤ表面の微小欠陥の検出が可能であるタイヤの外観検査方法および外観検査装置を実現することが可能となった。   According to the present invention, the inspection of the appearance shape of a tire can be performed in a shorter time and by a simple processing method compared to the conventional method, and the tire surface minuteness that has been impossible with the conventional method can be performed. A tire appearance inspection method and appearance inspection apparatus capable of detecting defects can be realized.

本発明のタイヤの外観検査装置の一構成例を示す概略斜視図およびその部分上面図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a configuration example of a tire appearance inspection apparatus according to the present invention and a partial top view thereof. 偏光子方向θと受光強度（透過光強度）Ｉとの関係を示すグラフである。4 is a graph showing a relationship between a polarizer direction θ and received light intensity (transmitted light intensity) I. 本発明のタイヤの外観検査装置の他の構成例を示す概略斜視図およびその部分上面図である。It is the schematic perspective view which shows the other structural example of the external appearance inspection apparatus of the tire of this invention, and its partial top view. 従来の光切断法を用いたタイヤの外観検査方法を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the external appearance inspection method of the tire using the conventional light cutting method.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。
図１に、本発明のタイヤの外観検査装置の一構成例を示す概略斜視図およびその部分上面図を示す。図示するように、本発明の検査装置は、タイヤ１０の表面に対し偏光Ｌ１を照射する光照射手段１と、タイヤ１０の表面からの偏光の反射光Ｌ２を受光する偏光カメラ２と、偏光カメラ２で受光した反射光Ｌ２の光強度からタイヤ１０の表面の凹凸を検出する凹凸検出手段（図示せず）とを備える。図中のＸは偏光カメラ２の視野を示す。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a configuration example of a tire appearance inspection apparatus according to the present invention and a partial top view thereof. As shown in the drawing, the inspection apparatus of the present invention includes a light irradiation means 1 that irradiates polarized light L 1 on the surface of the tire 10, a polarization camera 2 that receives reflected light L 2 of polarized light from the surface of the tire 10, and and a concave-convex detecting means for detecting the unevenness of the surface of the tire 10 from the light intensity of the reflected light L 2 received by the polarization camera 2 (not shown). X in the figure indicates the field of view of the polarization camera 2.

タイヤ１０の表面に対し偏光を照射すると、表面の局所的な形状や粗さの違いによって偏光の入射角が異なる結果、その反射光の偏光状態も局所的に変化する。したがって、タイヤ表面に凹凸が存在すると、その凹凸部分では、反射光の偏光状態が他の部分とは異なるものとなる。本発明においては、これを利用して、偏光カメラを用いてこの偏光の反射光における偏光状態の変化、すなわち偏光角度の変化を取得、分析することで、タイヤ１０の表面の凹凸情報を得るものである。これにより、従来の形状計測方法では不可能だったタイヤ表面の微小欠陥、例えば、目視では確認するのが困難なレベルの浅く小さな凹凸欠陥や、異種ゴムが加硫成型された欠陥などの検出が可能となる。また、従来法よりも簡便な方法で、高速かつ高精度に、タイヤの表面情報を取得することが可能であり、タイヤ表面の欠陥を自動的に判別することができるものである。さらに、従来の光切断法による３次元形状測定は、タイヤ表面の汚れや色むら等により多少とも影響を受け、特に微小欠陥を検出する際には、このような汚れや色むら等の影響が小さくないと考えられる。これに対し、本発明で用いる偏光の偏光角は、このような汚れや色むら等に影響されず、表面の凹凸のみにより決まるものであるので、本発明においては、この点からも、従来法と比較して、より精度の高い検出を行うことが可能である。   When the surface of the tire 10 is irradiated with polarized light, the incident angle of the polarized light varies depending on the local shape and roughness of the surface, and the polarization state of the reflected light also changes locally. Therefore, when unevenness exists on the tire surface, the polarization state of the reflected light is different from the other portions in the uneven portion. In the present invention, by using this, a polarization camera is used to obtain and analyze a change in polarization state of reflected light of this polarized light, that is, a change in polarization angle, thereby obtaining uneven information on the surface of the tire 10. It is. This makes it possible to detect small defects on the tire surface that were impossible with conventional shape measurement methods, such as shallow small irregularities that are difficult to see visually, or defects in which different types of rubber were vulcanized. It becomes possible. Further, it is possible to acquire tire surface information at a high speed and with high accuracy by a simpler method than the conventional method, and it is possible to automatically determine a tire surface defect. Furthermore, the three-dimensional shape measurement by the conventional light cutting method is slightly affected by dirt and color unevenness on the tire surface, and particularly when detecting a micro defect, the influence of such dirt and color unevenness is affected. It is not considered small. On the other hand, the polarization angle of the polarized light used in the present invention is not affected by such stains and color unevenness, and is determined only by the surface irregularities. Therefore, in the present invention, the conventional method is also used. It is possible to carry out detection with higher accuracy than

本発明においては、まず、タイヤ１０の表面に対し偏光Ｌ１を照射する。偏光Ｌ１を照射するための光照射手段１としては、偏光を照射できるものであれば、いかなる照明を用いてもよい。具体的には例えば、ＬＥＤ（Ｌｉｇｈｔ Ｅｍｉｔｔｉｎｇ Ｄｉｏｄｅ，発光ダイオード）等の照明器具と、この照明器具から出射した光を偏光させる偏光板とを組み合わせたものを用いることができる。中でも、受光感度の高い赤色のＬＥＤを偏光板とを組み合わせたものを用いることが好ましい。また、本発明においては、タイヤ表面で反射した偏光の反射光における偏光角度の変化が検出できるものであればよいので、使用する偏光については特に制限はないが、通常は、直線偏光を用いる。直線偏光の偏光角度は、特に制限されるものではないが、ｐ波およびｓ波による情報がバランスよく得られることから、４５°偏光とすることが好ましい。 In the present invention, first, irradiated with polarized L 1 with respect to the surface of the tire 10. As the light irradiation means 1 for irradiating a polarized light L 1, as long as it can emit polarized light, it may use any illumination. Specifically, for example, a combination of a lighting fixture such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode) and a polarizing plate that polarizes light emitted from the lighting fixture can be used. Among them, it is preferable to use a combination of a red LED having a high light receiving sensitivity and a polarizing plate. In the present invention, any polarized light can be used as long as it can detect a change in the polarization angle in the reflected light of the polarized light reflected from the tire surface. However, the polarized light to be used is not particularly limited, but usually linearly polarized light is used. The polarization angle of the linearly polarized light is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 45 ° polarized light because information by the p wave and s wave can be obtained in a balanced manner.

タイヤ１０の表面からの偏光の反射光Ｌ２は、偏光カメラ２により受光される。本発明に用いる偏光カメラ２は、ＣＣＤ等のセンサより手前に、通常、少なくとも３以上の異なる方向の偏光子を備えるものである。このような偏光カメラ２を用いて反射光を受光することで、対応する画素単位ごとに３方向以上の偏光子のそれぞれの透過光強度を得て、この透過光強度から、反射光の偏光角度（偏光長軸方向）を画像化することができる。 Polarized reflected light L 2 from the surface of the tire 10 is received by the polarization camera 2. The polarization camera 2 used in the present invention usually includes at least three or more polarizers in different directions before a sensor such as a CCD. By receiving the reflected light using such a polarization camera 2, the transmitted light intensity of the polarizer in three or more directions is obtained for each corresponding pixel unit, and the polarization angle of the reflected light is obtained from the transmitted light intensity. (Polarization major axis direction) can be imaged.

偏光カメラで受光した上記反射光の透過光強度データからのタイヤ表面の凹凸の検出は、以下のようにして行われる。すなわち、角度θ（θ＝０〜１８０°）の偏光子を透過する光強度Ｉは、下記式、
Ｉ＝Ｍ＋Ａｃｏｓ（２（θ−α））
（式中、αは、偏光子を回転した場合に最も透過光強度が大きくなる方向（偏光長軸方向）を示し、Ａは、光強度のうち偏光子を回転した場合に偏光子の角度に応じて変動する成分の振幅（偏光振幅）を示し、Ｍは、偏光子を回転しても変動しない成分（平均値）を示し、Ａ／Ｍは偏光している成分の度合い（偏光度）を意味する）により定義される（図２参照）。したがって、上記式に基づき、３方向以上の偏光子のそれぞれの方向および透過光強度のデータを用いて演算することにより、各画素単位ごとの偏光角度を導出することができるので、偏光角度の異なる凹凸部分の検出を容易に行うことが可能となる。また、この画素単位ごとの偏光角度のデータを、例えば、偏光方向により色相を変えたカラー画像として出力すれば、凹凸部分の色が他の部分と異なって表示された画像データとしても得ることができる。ここで、３方向以上の偏光子の角度としては、例えば、０°、９０°および１３５°の組合せとすることができる。なお、上記凹凸の検出は、凹凸検出手段としての、一般的な演算処理装置（ＰＣ）を用いて行えばよい。 Detection of unevenness on the tire surface from the transmitted light intensity data of the reflected light received by the polarization camera is performed as follows. That is, the light intensity I transmitted through the polarizer at an angle θ (θ = 0 to 180 °) is expressed by the following equation:
I = M + Acos (2 (θ−α))
(In the formula, α indicates the direction in which the transmitted light intensity is greatest when the polarizer is rotated (polarization major axis direction), and A indicates the angle of the polarizer when the polarizer is rotated out of the light intensity. The amplitude (polarization amplitude) of the component that fluctuates accordingly is shown, M represents the component (average value) that does not vary even when the polarizer is rotated, and A / M represents the degree of polarization component (polarization degree). (See Fig. 2). Therefore, the polarization angle for each pixel unit can be derived by calculating using the direction and transmitted light intensity data of the polarizers in three or more directions based on the above formula, and therefore the polarization angles are different. It is possible to easily detect the uneven portion. In addition, if the polarization angle data for each pixel unit is output as, for example, a color image whose hue is changed according to the polarization direction, it can be obtained as image data in which the color of the uneven portion is displayed differently from the other portions. it can. Here, the angle of the polarizer in three or more directions can be, for example, a combination of 0 °, 90 °, and 135 °. The detection of the unevenness may be performed using a general arithmetic processing unit (PC) as the unevenness detecting means.

上記のような画像処理により、タイヤ１０の表面における微小な凹凸欠陥を検出することができ、また、タイヤ１０の表面に形状変化なしで異種ゴムが加硫成型された部分があった場合にも、その検出を行うことが可能となる。   By the image processing as described above, it is possible to detect minute irregularities on the surface of the tire 10, and also when there is a portion where the rubber 10 is vulcanized and molded without changing its shape on the surface of the tire 10. The detection can be performed.

なお、本発明においては、照射光の波長と反射光側の波長とが揃っていることが必要であるので、照射光に赤色光を用いる場合には、偏光カメラ側にも赤色フィルタを用いて、赤色光のみを受光することが必要である。   In the present invention, since it is necessary that the wavelength of the irradiated light and the wavelength of the reflected light are aligned, when using red light for the irradiated light, a red filter is also used on the polarizing camera side. It is necessary to receive only red light.

本発明において偏光カメラ２としては、エリアカメラを用いてもラインカメラを用いてもよいが、好ましくは、ラインカメラを用いる。偏光カメラ２としてラインカメラを用いることで、図示するように、タイヤ１０を周方向に一定速度で回転させながら撮影を実施して、連続的に検査を行うことが可能となる。タイヤ１０の回転は、例えば、タイヤ１０を図示しない回転台上に載置して、この回転台を回転させることにより行うことができる。なお、このタイヤ１０の回転手段としては、タイヤ１０を周方向に回転させることができるものであれば、回転台には特に制限されない。   In the present invention, as the polarization camera 2, an area camera or a line camera may be used, but a line camera is preferably used. By using a line camera as the polarization camera 2, as shown in the figure, it is possible to continuously perform inspection by performing imaging while rotating the tire 10 at a constant speed in the circumferential direction. The rotation of the tire 10 can be performed, for example, by placing the tire 10 on a turntable (not shown) and rotating the turntable. The rotating means of the tire 10 is not particularly limited to a turntable as long as the tire 10 can be rotated in the circumferential direction.

本発明において、光照射手段１と偏光カメラ２との配置条件としては、図１に示すように、タイヤ１０の表面に対し、偏光Ｌ１が斜めから、例えば、５４〜６０°の角度から照射されるよう光照射手段１を配置して、偏光カメラ２をタイヤ１０の表面に対し垂直な方向に配置することが好ましい。このような配置とすることで、カメラの視野Ｘがタイヤ半径方向に沿うものとなるので、本発明により得られた画像データと、従来法に従い３次元計測したタイヤ形状データとの位置合わせを行うことにより、タイヤ表面のうちデザイン領域部分について、マスクを行うことなどが可能となる。また、図３に示すように、光照射手段１と偏光カメラ２とを、照射光がタイヤ表面に対しブリュースター角で入射するよう配置することもでき、この場合、入射角と反射角とをブリュースター角に近づけることで、欠陥部での偏光角度変化を最大にして、検出精度を高めることができる。但し、図３に示す配置の場合、タイヤ表面が曲面であるために、偏光カメラ２の視野も、符号Ｙで示すように曲線状となる。したがって、この場合、得られる画像データが歪んでしまい、タイヤ表面に文字形状等が形成されている場合には、文字形状データとの対応が困難となるとともに、斜めからの撮影であるために文字部分等の凸部の背面側にカメラの死角が生ずるという難点がある。 In the present invention the irradiation, the arrangement condition of the light irradiation means 1 and the polarizing camera 2, as shown in FIG. 1, to the surface of the tire 10, from the polarization L 1 is an oblique, for example, from an angle of 54 - 60 ° It is preferable to arrange the light irradiation means 1 and arrange the polarization camera 2 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the tire 10. With such an arrangement, the field of view X of the camera is along the tire radial direction, so that the image data obtained by the present invention is aligned with the tire shape data measured three-dimensionally according to the conventional method. This makes it possible to mask the design area of the tire surface. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the light irradiation means 1 and the polarization camera 2 can be arranged so that the irradiation light is incident on the tire surface at a Brewster angle. In this case, the incident angle and the reflection angle are By bringing the angle closer to the Brewster angle, it is possible to maximize the change in the polarization angle at the defective portion and improve the detection accuracy. However, in the case of the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, since the tire surface is a curved surface, the field of view of the polarizing camera 2 is also curved as indicated by the symbol Y. Therefore, in this case, when the obtained image data is distorted and a character shape or the like is formed on the tire surface, it is difficult to correspond to the character shape data, and the character is captured because it is taken from an oblique direction. There is a drawback that a blind spot of the camera is generated on the back side of the convex part such as a part.

１ 光照射手段
２ 偏光カメラ
１０ タイヤ
Ｌ１，Ｌ２ 偏光
Ｘ，Ｙ 偏光カメラの視野 First light emitting means 2 polarization camera 10 tires L 1, L 2 polarization X, the field of view of the Y polarization camera

Claims (10)

タイヤの表面に対し偏光を照射して、該タイヤ表面からの該偏光の反射光を偏光カメラにより受光し、受光した反射光の光強度から該タイヤ表面の凹凸を検出することを特徴とするタイヤの外観検査方法。   A tire characterized by irradiating polarized light on a tire surface, receiving reflected light of the polarized light from the tire surface by a polarization camera, and detecting irregularities on the tire surface from the light intensity of the received reflected light Visual inspection method. 前記偏光カメラとして、少なくとも３以上の異なる方向の偏光子を備えるものを用いる請求項１記載のタイヤの外観検査方法。   The tire appearance inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the polarizing camera includes at least three or more polarizers in different directions. 前記偏光として直線偏光を用いる請求項１または２記載のタイヤの外観検査方法。   The tire appearance inspection method according to claim 1, wherein linearly polarized light is used as the polarized light. 前記偏光カメラを、前記タイヤ表面に対し垂直な方向に配置する請求項１〜３のうちいずれか一項記載のタイヤの外観検査方法。   The tire appearance inspection method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polarizing camera is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the tire surface. 前記偏光カメラとしてラインカメラを用い、前記タイヤを周方向に回転させながら連続的に検査を行う請求項１〜４のうちいずれか一項記載のタイヤの外観検査方法。   The tire appearance inspection method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a line camera is used as the polarization camera, and the inspection is continuously performed while rotating the tire in a circumferential direction. タイヤの表面に対し偏光を照射する光照射手段と、該タイヤ表面からの該偏光の反射光を受光する偏光カメラと、該偏光カメラで受光した反射光の光強度から該タイヤ表面の凹凸を検出する凹凸検出手段と、を備えることを特徴とするタイヤの外観検査装置。   Light irradiation means for irradiating polarized light to the tire surface, a polarized camera for receiving reflected light of the polarized light from the tire surface, and detecting unevenness on the tire surface from the light intensity of the reflected light received by the polarized camera And an unevenness detecting means for performing tire appearance inspection. 前記偏光カメラが、少なくとも３以上の異なる方向の偏光子を備える請求項６記載のタイヤの外観検査装置。   The tire appearance inspection apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the polarization camera includes at least three or more polarizers in different directions. 前記偏光が直線偏光である請求項６または７記載のタイヤの外観検査装置。   The tire appearance inspection apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the polarized light is linearly polarized light. 前記偏光カメラが、前記タイヤ表面に対し垂直な方向に配置されている請求項６〜８のうちいずれか一項記載のタイヤの外観検査装置。   The tire appearance inspection apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the polarization camera is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the tire surface. 前記偏光カメラがラインカメラであり、かつ、前記タイヤを周方向に回転させることが可能な回転手段を備える請求項６〜９のうちいずれか一項記載のタイヤの外観検査装置。   The tire appearance inspection apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the polarization camera is a line camera and includes a rotating unit capable of rotating the tire in a circumferential direction.
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