JP2011184141A - Electromagnetic brake device and elevator device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electromagnetic brake device which can perform a stable brake operation, can reduce an impact on passengers in an emergency stop, and provides a proper braking distance. <P>SOLUTION: This electromagnetic brake device includes a fixed element for magnetic substances which is fixed to a frame, a movable element for magnetic substances which is disposed so as to face the fixed element, a brake shoe joined to the movable element, coils disposed on the fixed element, and a rotor facing the brake shoe. A cutting part is provided to the fixed element or the movable element, and an auxiliary magnetic substance smaller than the movable element is engaged with the cutting part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an electromagnetic brake device, and more particularly to a mechanism for adjusting a braking force of a brake.

In a traction type elevator apparatus, a rope is applied to a drive sheave (shelve) in a “slave” manner, and a car is moved up and down by using a frictional force (traction) between the rope and the drive sheave. The cage is connected to the counterweight and the rope, and the cage moves up and down by the rotation of the drive sheave. Electromagnetic brakes are used to brake rotors such as drive sheaves in moving bodies such as elevator devices and cars and trains.

Patent Document 1 proposes a device for braking an elevator car by pressing a brake shoe against a brake drum by the action of a spring force. The brake is installed on the hoist. When the coil provided in the electromagnet is energized to generate an electromagnetic force exceeding the spring force, the brake shoe is separated from the drum and the braking force is released. In this device, due to variations in electromagnets, the time required to release the brake becomes longer when the electromagnetic force is weak. On the other hand, when the electromagnetic force is strong, the sound when the brake is released increases and the brake operation time is delayed. For this reason, the brake operation was unstable. Further, when the brake device suddenly stopped the car during emergency braking, an impact was generated on the car.

In Patent Document 2, it is proposed to coat the entire main rope with a polymer compound in order to prevent the main rope from slipping with respect to the drive sheave. However, since the slip of the main rope with respect to the drive sheave becomes extremely small, as a result, the basket stops suddenly and the deceleration to the basket increases. For this purpose, a small resistance is connected in parallel to the electromagnetic brake coil of the electromagnetic brake device so that the braking force rises slowly. In the device of Patent Document 2, this configuration makes the braking distance of the basket longer than necessary.

As in Patent Document 3, there has also been proposed an apparatus that adjusts the braking force of an electromagnetic brake and adjusts the deceleration of a car during an emergency stop. Patent Document 4 proposes a braking force adjusting electromagnetic brake called an anti-skid brake for a vehicle.

In the devices of Patent Documents 3 and 4, the braking force is adjusted by the current supplied to the electromagnet. Since electromagnets vary, pulsation occurs in the braking force, resulting in a so-called pumping brake state. Therefore, in order to improve the ride comfort, it becomes a problem to reduce the impact on the passenger at the time of emergency stop and to keep the braking distance within an appropriate range. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to highly control the braking force in order to keep the deceleration constant.

JP 2003-176842 A JP 2003-221171 A JP 2006-8333 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-2222

The present invention has been made with the goal of solving the above problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electromagnetic brake device that has a stable braking operation, can reduce an impact on a passenger during an emergency stop, and can obtain an appropriate braking distance.

An electromagnetic brake device according to the present invention includes a stator made of a magnetic material, a magnetic mover disposed opposite to the stator, a brake shoe coupled to the mover, and a coil disposed on the stator. The brake shoe is provided with a facing rotor, and the stator or the mover is provided with a cutting part, and the cutting part is engaged with an auxiliary magnetic body smaller than the mover.

In the elevator apparatus equipped with the electromagnetic brake device according to the present invention, the brake operation and release are performed by the electromagnet in which the variation in electromagnetic force is corrected, so that the braking force can be adjusted with high accuracy and a stable brake operation can be obtained. In addition, the vehicle can be smoothly decelerated, the impact on the passenger during an emergency stop can be reduced, and the braking distance can be shortened.

It is the top view (A) which shows the outline of the elevator apparatus concerning this invention, and the cross-sectional block diagram (B) regarding the principal part. It is sectional drawing (A) which shows the principal part of the braking device by Embodiment 1 of this invention, and the lower figure is sectional drawing (B) of the broken-line part of an upper figure. It is sectional drawing (A) which shows the principal part of the braking device by Embodiment 2 of this invention, and the lower figure is sectional drawing (B) of the broken-line part of an upper figure. It is sectional drawing (A) which shows the principal part of the braking device by Embodiment 3 of this invention, and a lower figure is sectional drawing (B) of the broken-line part of an upper figure. It is sectional drawing (A) which shows the principal part of the braking device by Embodiment 4 of this invention, and the lower figure is the figure (B) seen from the downward direction of the upper figure. It is sectional drawing (A) which shows the principal part of the braking device by Embodiment 5 of this invention, and a lower figure is sectional drawing (B) of the broken-line part of an upper figure. It is sectional drawing (A) which shows the principal part of the braking device by Embodiment 6 of this invention, and the lower figure is sectional drawing (B) of the broken-line part of an upper figure.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a plan configuration diagram (A) and a sectional configuration diagram (B) showing an outline of an elevator apparatus according to the present invention. The elevator apparatus 200 is housed in a hoistway. Inside the hoistway, a hoisting machine 110 as a driving device is installed. The hoisting machine 110 includes a drive sheave 105, a rotor 106, a motor coil 107, a hoisting machine frame 108, a braking device 109, and an encoder 114. The hoisting machine frame 108 is provided with a motor coil 107 for rotating the rotor 106. The drive sheave 105 is integrated with the rotor 106 and is rotated by the rotor 106. The braking device 109 is fixed to the hoisting machine frame 108. The rotor of the rotor 106 is inserted into the hoisting machine frame 108.

The braking device 109 applies a braking force to the rotation of the drive sheave 105. The encoder 114 is a rotation detection unit of the drive sheave 105. In the vicinity of the drive sheave 105, a deflecting wheel 21 is provided. A main rope 103 that suspends the basket 101 and the counterweight 102 is wound around the driving sheave 105 and the deflecting wheel 21. The basket 101 and the counterweight 102 move up and down in the hoistway by the rotation of the drive sheave 105.

A governor sheave 111 is installed in the upper part of the hoistway. A tension wheel 112 is installed below the hoistway. A governor rope 116 is wound between the governor sheave 111 and the tension wheel 112. A part of the governor rope 116 is connected to the basket 101. The governor sheave 111 rotates at a speed corresponding to the lifting speed of the basket 101. The governor sheave 111 is provided with an encoder 113 and generates a signal corresponding to the rotational speed of the governor sheave 111. The control device 115 is a device that controls various controls such as speed and operation management.

Next, the operation will be described. A rotation amount signal from the encoder 113 and the encoder 114 is always input to the control device 115. The control device 115 constantly observes the rotational speeds of the drive sheave 105 and the governor sheave 111 based on information from the encoder 113 and the encoder 114. The basket 101 travels or stops by energization control to the hoisting machine 110 by the control device 115.

The control device 115 performs normal operation when the rotational speeds of the drive sheave 105 and the governor sheave 111 are within the normal speed range. After the car 101 stops, the braking device 109 is operated to keep the car 101 stopped. Before the car 101 starts traveling, the control device 115 releases the braking device 109.

If an abnormality occurs in the operation of the elevator apparatus 200 due to the rotational speeds of the drive sheave 105 and the governor sheave 111 exceeding the set overspeed, the control apparatus 115 performs a braking operation as an emergency brake mode. At this time, in order to control the deceleration of the car 101, the control device 115 adjusts the braking force of the braking device 109.

FIG. 2 is a main part configuration diagram for explaining the structure of the electromagnetic brake 40 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 (A) shows the relationship between the braking device and the rotor. FIG. 2B shows a cross section taken along the dotted line in FIG. 2A and shows the structure of the electromagnetic force adjusting unit. The fixed iron core (stator) 1 is fixed to the hoisting machine frame 108 and generates an opening force against the urging of the spring (braking force urging portion) 4. The coil 3 is disposed on the fixed iron core 1. The movable iron core (movable element) 2 is fixed to a brake shoe 10 as a braking member, and reciprocates. The spring 4 biases the movable iron core 2 in a direction in which the brake shoe 10 contacts the rotor 106. The fixed iron core 1, the movable iron core 2, the coil 3 and the spring 4 act as electromagnets. The fixed iron core 1 and the movable iron core 2 face each other. Two screw holes (cutting portions) 32 that are opened by cutting are provided at the bottom of the fixed iron core 1. A magnetic body (auxiliary magnetic body) 31 is inserted into each screw hole 32, and both are engaged.

Braking of the rotating drive sheave 105 is generated by pressing the brake shoe 10 against the rotor 106. When the brake shoe 10 comes into contact with the rotor 106 according to the operating state, the rotation of the drive sheave 105 is braked. Further, when the brake shoe 10 is separated from the rotor 106, braking of the drive sheave 105 is released. The brake operation and release can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the current supplied to the coil 3. The braking device 109 is composed of the fixed iron core 1, the movable iron core 2, the coil 3, the spring 4, and the brake shoe 10. The braking device 109 is provided inside the rotor 106, and the brake shoe 10 has a convex shape toward the outside of the braking device 109.

The fixed iron core 1 and the movable iron core 2 are made of a magnetic material. Since magnetic materials such as iron have variations in characteristics and dimensional errors, variations in electromagnetic force occur even when the current applied to the coil 3 is the same. The braking device 109 includes an electromagnetic force adjusting unit 33 that adjusts the electromagnetic force in order to correct the braking force. The electromagnetic force adjusting unit 33 includes a screw-like magnetic body 31 provided in the fixed iron core 1 and a screw hole 32 into which the magnetic body 31 is screwed. Prior to the operation of the elevator, the length of the magnetic body 31 in the screw hole 32 is changed so that a desired electromagnetic force is obtained with respect to the current. That is, when the coil 3 is energized, the long magnetic body 31 is used when it is weaker than the desired electromagnetic force, and the short magnetic body 31 is used when it is stronger than the desired electromagnetic force. Further, the magnetic body 31 having the same length can be used to change the screwing depth into the screw hole 32. Since the magnetic body 31 is a member provided for adjusting the electromagnetic force, its volume is smaller than that of the movable iron core 2.

It is highly effective to arrange the electromagnetic force adjusting unit 33 in a place having a small cross-sectional area in the magnetic circuit in adjusting the electromagnetic force. In this example, the magnetic path cross-sectional area at the lower position (bottom part) of the coil 3 of the fixed iron core 1 is minimized, and the electromagnetic force adjusting unit 33 is disposed there. In addition, although the configuration of the electromagnet is the E type for the fixed iron core 1 and the I type for the movable iron core 2, other types such as a solenoid type may be used. According to this configuration, since the electromagnetic force necessary for the brake operation and the brake release is adjusted, a stable brake operation can be performed.

The current of the coil 3 corresponds to the pressing force of the brake shoe 10. Further, since the pressing force corresponds to the braking force to the car 101, the deceleration of the car 101 can be adjusted smoothly by adjusting the current of the coil 3. As a result, the impact on the passenger during an emergency stop can be reduced, and the braking distance can be prevented from becoming longer than necessary. Furthermore, since the electromagnetic force adjustment mechanism is provided, large electromagnetic force variation before the electromagnetic force adjustment can be allowed. For this reason, it is not necessary to require a high level of the grade of the magnetic material of the stator of the electromagnet and the magnetic material of the mover and the processing / assembly accuracy, so that the cost can be reduced.

  In this embodiment, a part of the hoisting machine frame 108 opposite to the rotor 106 is removable, and the magnetic body 31 of the braking device 109 can be adjusted or replaced by removing this part. . That is, a screw hole 32 that is an opening for engaging the magnetic body 31 of the electromagnetic force adjusting unit 33 is provided on a surface parallel to the operation direction of the brake shoe 10, and the magnetic body 31 is further moved from the outside of the hoisting machine 110. Since a part of the hoisting machine frame 108 opposite to the rotor 106 can be opened so that it can be operated, the electromagnetic force of the braking device 109 can be adjusted as necessary even after the hoisting machine 110 is assembled. Can do.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In order to adjust the electromagnetic force variation in the left-right direction of the electromagnet, magnetic bodies 31a and 31b having different lengths on the left and right may be attached as shown in FIG. In this example, since the mover 2 moves equally left and right, the braking operation is more stable. In addition to changing the length of the magnetic body 31, the thickness (diameter) of the magnetic body 31 may be different.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
2 and 3, the electromagnetic force adjusting unit 33 is provided on the fixed iron core 1, but the electromagnetic force adjusting unit 33 may be provided on the movable iron core 2 as shown in FIG. In this case, since the movable iron core 2 can be reassembled after adjusting the length of the magnetic body 31 while being separated from the fixed iron core 1, the workability of electromagnetic force adjustment is improved.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, the magnetic body 31 may be attached to the lower side of the fixed iron core 1. In this example, a plate-like magnetic body 31 is attached to the fixed iron core 1 with screws 34. The bottom surface side of the bottom portion of the fixed iron core 1 is cut in accordance with the size of the magnetic body 31, and the magnetic body 31 is fitted and engaged with the concave portion of the bottom surface. The electromagnetic force can be adjusted by changing the thickness and length of the magnetic body 31. In this example, the electromagnetic force can be easily adjusted even when the workability from the side surface of the electromagnet is poor.

Embodiment 5 FIG.
The magnetic body 31 may be attached to the side surface of the fixed iron core 1 as shown in FIG. In this example, a plate-like magnetic body 31 is attached to the fixed iron core 1 with screws 34. The fixed iron core 1 is cut at the bottom side surface according to the size of the magnetic body 31, and the magnetic body 31 is fitted into and engaged with the concave portion on the side surface. The electromagnetic force can be adjusted by changing the thickness and length of the magnetic body 31. This example has the same effect as that of the first embodiment.

Embodiment 6 FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the present invention can also be applied to the case where the braking device 109 is outside the rotor 106. The brake shoe 10 provided outside the rotor 106 is convex toward the inside of the braking device 109. In this example, since the electromagnetic force adjustment work is performed outside the rotor 106, the electromagnetic force adjustment work is facilitated. In addition, since the heat dissipation of the generated coil 3 is improved, the current density of the coil 3 can be increased, and the electromagnet can be reduced in size.

  In addition, although the case where this invention was applied to the braking device of an elevator apparatus was shown above, you may apply to the braking device of the anti-lock brake system (ABS) mounted in a motor vehicle.

  1 Fixed Iron Core, 2 Movable Iron Core, 3 Coil, 4 Spring, 10 Brake Shoe, 31 Magnetic Body, 32 Screw Hole, 33 Electromagnetic Force Adjuster, 34 Screw, 40 Electromagnetic Brake, 101 Basket, 102 Counterweight, 103 Main Rope , 105 drive sheave, 106 rotor, 107 motor coil, 108 hoisting machine frame, 109 braking device, 110 hoisting machine, 111 governor sheave, 112 tensioning wheel, 113 encoder, 114 encoder, 115 control device, 116 governing Machine rope, 200 elevator equipment

Claims (9)

A stator made of a magnetic material, a magnetic mover disposed opposite to the stator, a brake shoe coupled to the mover, a coil disposed on the stator, and the brake shoe are opposed to each other. An electromagnetic brake device including a rotor that performs cutting, wherein the stator or the mover is provided with a cutting portion, and an auxiliary magnetic body smaller than the mover is engaged with the cutting portion. An electromagnetic brake device characterized by comprising: The electromagnetic brake device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary magnetic body is a screw screwed to a bottom portion of the stator. The electromagnetic brake device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of screws having different sizes are screwed together. The electromagnetic brake device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary magnetic body is a screw screwed to the mover. The electromagnetic brake device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary magnetic body is a plate engaged with a bottom surface of the stator. The electromagnetic brake device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary magnetic body is a plate engaged with a side surface of the stator. 2. The electromagnetic brake device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary magnetic body is provided in a region having a minimum magnetic path cross-sectional area. The electromagnetic brake device according to claim 1, wherein the brake shoe has an inwardly convex shape. In an elevator apparatus comprising: a cage connected to a weight by a rope; a hoisting machine that performs braking of a rotating rotor by an electromagnetic brake device and winding the rope; and a control device that controls braking of the electromagnetic brake device ,
The electromagnetic brake device includes: a magnetic stator fixed to a frame of the hoisting machine; a magnetic movable element disposed opposite to the stator; and a brake coupled to the movable element and opposed to the rotor. An auxiliary magnetic body having a shoe and a coil disposed on the stator, wherein the stator or the mover is provided with a cutting portion, and the cutting portion is smaller than the mover. An elevator apparatus characterized by being engaged.

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