JP2011183806A - Separating method for resin and fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method to separate a resin and a fiber by efficiently pulverizing a composite material containing the resin and the fiber. <P>SOLUTION: In the method for separating the resin and the fiber from the composite material containing the resin and fiber, after pulverizing the composite material in a space between the internal wall of a cylindrical container and a hitting member, the resin and the fiber are separated by the action of a centrifugal force. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for separating a resin and a fiber from a composite material including the resin and the fiber.

  Along with the recent increase in recycling, resin wallpaper made by bonding resin layers such as PVC and backing paper (pulp fiber layer), resin layers such as PVC and fiber layers made of nylon or polyester, or resin There is a need to efficiently recycle composite materials made of different materials such as tile carpets, soundproof sheets, waterproof sheets, construction safety nets, etc. with fiber layers sandwiched between layers, or fiber layers impregnated with resin. Yes. In order to recycle such a composite material, it is necessary to pulverize the composite material and separate the powder into materials, for example, resin powder and fibers.

  As a method for efficiently pulverizing such a composite material, a cutting method as described in Patent Document 1, a shredder method as described in Patent Document 2, and as described in Patent Documents 3 to 4 A shearing method and a rotating hammer method are known. Further, as a device for crushing harder materials such as concrete waste, a chain rotation type crushing method described in Patent Documents 5 to 6 and the like are known.

JP 2003-88772 A JP 2003-24817 A JP 2003-127140 A JP 2003-320532 A JP 2006-061898 A JP 2000-189823 A

  However, as a result of investigation by the present inventors, the conventional method cannot efficiently pulverize the composite material to about 300 μm or less, and the composite material is mechanically divided into constituent materials, for example, resin powder and fibers. It was difficult to separate.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said subject, and is providing the method of pulverizing and isolate | separating resin and a fiber efficiently from the composite material containing resin and fiber.

  The separation method according to the present invention is a method for separating a resin and a fiber from a composite material including the resin and the fiber. After the composite material is pulverized between the inner wall of the cylindrical container and the striking member, the centrifugal force is reduced. The resin and fiber are separated by the action.

  In the separation method of the present invention, the striking member is provided on a plurality of rods that are located near the inner wall of the cylindrical container and that are provided on the rod fixing member that is fixed to the rotating shaft and substantially parallel to the rotating shaft. Preferably it is.

  In the separation method of the present invention, the rod fixing member preferably has an opening or a notch.

  In the separation method of the present invention, it is preferable that the centrifugal force is generated by rotation of a rotating shaft that rotates in the cylindrical container.

  In the separation method of the present invention, the distance between the inner wall of the cylindrical container and the striking member is preferably 1 to 20 mm.

  In the separation method of the present invention, it is preferable that the composite material has a chip shape or a sheet shape that is 100 mm or less in advance.

  In the separation method of the present invention, it is preferable that the striking member rotates at a tip peripheral speed of 100 m / s or more.

  In the separation method of the present invention, it is preferable that the cylindrical containers are arranged in a substantially horizontal direction.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the method of pulverizing and isolate | separating resin and a fiber efficiently from the composite material containing resin and a fiber is provided.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view mainly explaining a cross section in the axial direction of the powdering apparatus according to the separation method of the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder in the pulverizer of FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing various forms (a) to (g) of the striking member. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a cross section perpendicular to the cylinder vicinity axial direction according to an embodiment different from FIG. 2. FIG. 5 is an SEM photograph of a resin compound powder composed of a vinyl chloride resin + plasticizer + filler. FIG. 6 is an SEM photograph of pulp.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The powdering apparatus 1 according to the separation method of the present embodiment mainly includes a cylindrical container 10, a rotating shaft 20, a rod 30, a rod fixing member 40, a striking member 50, and the like.

  The cylindrical container 10 is a cylindrical container that extends in a substantially horizontal direction. The cylindrical container 10 has a hollow jacket structure (cooling means), and a coolant such as water can flow through the inside of the jacket 10a. Refrigerant from the refrigerant supply device 5 is supplied to the jacket 10a via the line L1.

  Moreover, it is preferable to further include a cooling means for cooling the cylindrical container 10 and a refrigerant supply means for supplying a refrigerant into the cylindrical container 10. Resin consisting of resin and fiber as objects in the cylindrical container 10 by supplying refrigerant such as liquefied carbon dioxide gas, liquefied nitrogen gas, water vapor, water mist, cooling air, etc. into the cylindrical container 10 It is preferable because overheating of the powder obtained by pulverizing the composite material of the fiber and the striking member can be suppressed. It is also preferable to provide an object precooling device that precools an object to be put into the cylindrical container 10 in advance.

  In addition, when the cylindrical container 10 does not have a jacket structure, you may cool by dripping water etc. to the outer surface of the cylindrical container 10. FIG. The cylindrical container 10 may be divided in the vertical direction and / or the horizontal direction in consideration of maintainability. Both ends of the cylindrical container 10 are closed by discs 14 respectively.

  The rotating shaft 20 is preferably disposed coaxially with the axis of the cylindrical container 10 so as to penetrate both the disks 14 and along the axis of the cylindrical container 10. Bearings 15 capable of sealing gas and dust are provided at the portions of the disk 14 through which the rotary shaft 20 passes.

  The rotating shaft 20 is supported by bearings 22 arranged on both outer sides of the cylindrical container 10 so as to be rotatable around the axis. Further, a motor 24 is connected to the end of the rotary shaft 20 so that the rotary shaft 20 can be rotated at high speed. For example, the peripheral speed at the tip of the striking member 50, that is, the linear speed at the maximum rotational radius of the striking member 50 is 50 m / s or more, more preferably 100 m / s or more, and still more preferably 120 m / s or more. A speed is preferred for pulverization. In addition, at ultra-high speed rotation of 200 m / s or more, it is more powerful.

  The rotary shaft 20 has a large-diameter portion 20a whose diameter is widened in a portion inside the cylindrical container 10, and a circular frame-shaped rod fixing member 40 is connected to the large-diameter portion 20a. It is fixed to be coaxial. A large number of rod fixing members 40 are provided at predetermined intervals in the axial direction.

  Further, it is preferable that three or more plate-like rod fixing members 40 are provided in the axial direction, each rod 30 penetrates each rod fixing member 40, and a plurality of striking members 50 are provided between the respective fixing members. . As a result, the structure is simplified and manufacturing and maintenance are improved.

  The rod 30 extends parallel to the axial direction so as to penetrate each rod fixing member 40, and the rod 30 is fixed to the rotating shaft 20 by the rod fixing member 40.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of rods 30 are provided in parallel with the rotation axis at positions that are axially symmetric with respect to the rotation axis 20. In FIG. 2, the four rods are shifted by 90 °, but the two rods may be shifted by 180 °, and the three rods may be shifted by 120 °. Alternatively, it is preferable from the viewpoint of high-speed rotation that a plurality of n rods are shifted by (360 / n) °.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the position of the rod 30 is between the large-diameter portion 20 a of the rotary shaft 20 and the cylindrical container 10, and is separated from the large-diameter portion 20 a of the rotary shaft 20. It is arranged on the side close to.

  A plurality of striking members 50 are fixed to each rod 30. The striking member 50 has a main body 51 and a pipe 52 as shown in FIG. The pipe portion 52 is provided so as to penetrate the base portion 51 a of the main body portion 51, and the striking member 50 is fixed to the rod 30 by the rod 30 penetrating through the opening of the pipe portion 52. The main body 51 has a tapered shape so that the width 51H of the tip 51b is narrower than the width 51L of the root 51a when viewed from the axial direction of the pipe 52. The length 51W of the main body 51 in the axial direction of the pipe 52 is longer than the width 51H of the tip 51b.

  As shown in FIG. 1, each striking member 50 is fixed to the rod 30 so that a plurality of striking members 50 are arranged between the rod fixing members 40. The striking member 50 is fixed to the rod 30 so as to be rotatable around the axis of the rod 30. This can reduce the impact on the striking member 50 when the striking member 50 collides with a composite material containing resin and fibers (hereinafter referred to as “object”), and can reduce unnecessary cutting of the fibers. The life of the striking member 50 is extended. Normally, the distal end portion 51b of the striking member 50 faces outward in the radial direction of rotation due to the centrifugal force generated by the rotational motion of the striking member 50. In addition, it is preferable that the space | interval (refer FIG. 2) of the front-end | tip part 51b of the striking member 50 and the inner wall of the cylindrical container 10 shall be about 1-20 mm. Examples of the material of the striking member 50 and the rod 30 include metal materials such as stainless steel.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the rod fixing member 40 circulates gas or the like in the axial direction at least in a region where the radius of rotation is smaller than that of the rod 30 when viewed from the axial direction of the rotary shaft 20. An opening 42 is formed to enable this.

  As a result, gas can flow in the axial direction on the radially inner side, and the light powder segregated radially inward along with the gas flow can be selectively discharged to the outside, and the separation function can also be exhibited. .

  An object inlet 14a is formed in the disc 14 on the left end side in FIG. 1, and a screw feeder 70 for supplying the object is connected to the inlet 14a. The screw feeder 70 includes a cylinder 72, a screw 74 disposed in the cylinder 72, a motor 76 that rotates the screw 74, and a hopper 78 that supplies an object to one end of the cylinder 72, and the other end of the cylinder 72 is an object. It is connected to the material inlet 14a.

  The object supplied into the hopper 78 is not particularly limited, but a composite material including different materials, for example, a resin wallpaper in which a resin layer such as polyvinyl chloride and a backing paper (pulp fiber layer) are laminated, vinyl chloride, and the like Tile carpet, soundproof sheet, waterproof sheet, construction safety, with a resin layer of nylon and polyester fiber layer laminated together, or a fiber layer sandwiched between resin layers, or a fiber layer impregnated with resin Examples include composite resin materials such as nets. In particular, a composite material including fibers and a resin layer is preferable. In addition, a material having a single composition can be pulverized. In addition, raw materials for pharmaceuticals, foods, etc., for example, dried kelp, mushrooms, etc. can be pulverized.

  Here, the object supplied into the cylindrical container 10 is preferably coarsely crushed to 100 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or less in advance. The shape of the object is not particularly limited, and may be granular, chip-shaped, or sheet-shaped. Moreover, the target object may contain water.

  The left disk 14 further has a plurality of gas inlets 14b. The gas inlets 14b are provided so that their positions in the rotational radius direction are different from each other, and each can supply a gas such as air into the cylindrical container 10.

  An outlet 10 b is provided at the lower part of the circumferential surface of the cylindrical container 10. The container 12 is connected to the tip of the outlet 10b via a line L4.

  The right disk 14 is provided with a plurality of outlets 14c. The outlets 14c are arranged so that the positions in the rotational radius direction are different from each other. Each outlet 14c is provided with a bag filter 80 and a suction fan 82 via a line L2.

  The discharge method from these outlets 10b and 14c is not limited to this, A screw feeder etc. may be used and you may discharge naturally with the pressure in the cylindrical container 10. FIG. The residence time may be controlled by controlling the speed at which the pulverized object from the outlets 10b and 14c is discharged. Thus, by discharging the powder of the object pulverized from the outlet 10b and the outlet 14c, light powder and heavy powder can be separated and discharged as described later, Such a powdering device functions as a separation device. It is possible to provide three or more outlets. Further, instead of the outlet 10b, for example, as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 1, an outlet 14d is provided on the radially outermost side of the right disk 14, and a bag filter 80 and a suction fan 82 are provided via a line L5. Also good.

  Next, a method for separating an object into a resin and a fiber using the powdering apparatus 1 according to the separation method of the present embodiment will be described.

  First, the rotating shaft 20 is rotated. Here, as described above, it is preferable that the peripheral speed at the tip of the striking member 50 be a predetermined speed. A gas such as air is supplied from the inlet 14b.

  Subsequently, the object put into the hopper 78 is put into the cylindrical container 10 through the inlet 14a. Then, the object is rotated in the cylindrical container 10 by the striking member 50 that rotates at high speed, and rotates on the inner surface of the cylindrical container 10 by centrifugal force. At this time, the object is rapidly pulverized by collision with the striking member 50, collision or friction with the inner wall of the cylindrical container 10, or collision or friction between the objects.

  Further, it is preferable that irregularities are formed on the inner wall of the cylindrical container 10. When irregularities are formed on the inner wall of the cylindrical container 10, the object collides with the irregularities, and turbulent flow is generated by the irregularities so that the collision between the objects can be promoted. It is possible to further promote pulverization of the object that rotates and moves along the inner wall.

  And in this embodiment, since the rod 30 is arrange | positioned at the side near the inner wall of the cylindrical container 10 separated from the rotating shaft 20, and the striking member 50 is being fixed to this rod 30, the striking member 50 is made into the rotating shaft. Compared with fixing to the large diameter portion 20a, the length of the striking member 50 in the rotational radius direction can be made sufficiently small, and the air resistance required for the rotation of the rotary shaft 20 can be reduced. Therefore, it is easy to rotate the rotating shaft 20 at a higher speed than in the prior art, and the object 20 rotates at a high speed between the tip portion of the striking member 50 where the object rotates at a high speed and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical container 10. Thus, the object can be easily pulverized quickly, for example, 300 μm or less. When a composite material obtained by compounding different materials is pulverized, it can be physically separated into each material, for example, resin powder and fiber. Further, when the object includes a fiber material such as paper or fiber, the fiber is also unraveled in the cylindrical container 10. Furthermore, since the electric power required for rotation can also be reduced, energy saving is possible.

  If each of the rods 30 is provided with a plurality of striking members 50, a region where the striking member 50 rotates can be formed continuously in the direction of the rotation axis, and the efficiency of pulverization is improved.

  Furthermore, a strong centrifugal force acts on the powder that has been pulverized by high-speed rotation inside the cylindrical container 10, so that light powder such as fibers and heavy powder such as resin powder are in the radial direction. To separate. That is, the light powder is separated near the center in the radial direction and the heavy powder is separated outside in the radial direction. Moreover, since the opening 42 is formed in the rod fixing member 40, the movement of gas and light powder in the axial direction is possible. In particular, since the rod 30 is disposed on the side close to the inner wall of the cylindrical container 10 away from the rotating shaft 20, the opening 42 can be provided sufficiently wide, and the light powder gathering radially inward can be discharged. Is easy.

  Therefore, light powder segregated radially inward from the outlet 14c is discharged and collected in the filter 80, while heavy powder segregated radially outward is discharged from the outlet 10b and collected in the bag filter 80. . That is, this powdering apparatus 1 also functions as a centrifuge. In addition, since the outlets 14c and 14c are spaced apart from each other in the rotational radius direction, the bag filters 80 and 80 can be separated.

  Further, it is preferable that the outlet 14 c having the longest distance from the rotation shaft is formed on the peripheral surface of the cylindrical container 10. By doing in this way, there exists an advantage that the rotating powder can be discharged | emitted smoothly.

  The heavy powder thus pulverized, for example, a vinyl chloride resin powder, can be suitably used as a recycled polyvinyl chloride material such as a recycled vinyl chloride compound, and a light powder, for example, pulp is a material for fleece wallpaper, As a soil conditioner and the like, fibers can be used as recycled resin materials.

  In particular, waste materials of composite materials, such as PVC wallpaper (PVC resin and plasticizer about 40 wt%, filler about 20 wt%, backing paper about 40 wt%), are recycled as a total of about 100,000 tons per year. It is only 1000 tons, and it is the most difficult to recycle among construction waste. However, according to the above-described method of the present invention, fine powdering is performed to about 300 μm or less, and a powder separated into a resin compound powder consisting of a vinyl chloride resin + plasticizer + filler and fiber powder can be obtained. Moreover, since it is separated into heavy powder (for example, resin compound powder made of vinyl chloride resin + plasticizer + filler) and light powder (pulp derived from backing paper) by centrifugal force, it can be easily reused. .

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various deformation | transformation aspect is possible.

  For example, the cylindrical container 10 may not be disposed completely in the horizontal direction, and may be inclined by about 30 °, for example. Further, the cylindrical container 10 may have a tapered shape.

  Further, even if the rod 30 is not completely parallel to the rotating shaft 20, for example, the rod 30 may be inclined by about 10 ° so that one end of the rod 30 approaches or moves away from the rotating shaft 20. You may incline about 10 degrees to the rotation direction.

  Further, the shape of the rod fixing member 40 is not a frame shape having the opening 42 and surrounding the rotating shaft 20. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the axis of the rotating shaft 20 is a portion having a shorter rotation radius than the rod 30. A structure extending radially from the rotating shaft, in which cutouts 42a that allow gas flow in the direction, are formed. Even if there is no opening or notch, powdering to 300 μm or less is possible.

  Further, the striking member 50 may not have the shape as shown in FIG. 3A. For example, the main body 51 has a plate shape as shown in FIG. 3B, that is, in the axial direction. The length 51W may be smaller than the width 51H of the tip 51b. The root 51a is cylindrical as shown in FIG. 3C, the tip 51b is plate-shaped, and one side of the plate is connected to the pipe 52. The tip portion 51b may have a rod shape as shown in FIG. 3 (d), or the body portion 51 may have a ring shape surrounding the pipe portion 52 as shown in FIG. An eccentric ring shape in which a part of the inside of the part 51 is fixed in contact with the outer periphery of the pipe part 52 may be used, and the pipe part 52 does not have the pipe part 52 as shown in FIG. The hole 51c may be formed, and as shown in FIG. 3G, the rotation direction of the main body 51 in FIG. May be one further blade is formed on the side surface of the.

  It is also possible to supply static-removing ions into the cylindrical container 10. Further, the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical container 10 may be subjected to ceramic coating or may be uneven.

  Further, the position of the outlet 10b in the axial direction is not particularly limited, and two or more outlets 10b may be provided depending on the object and operating conditions.

  Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, 1000 kg of PVC wallpaper (resin compound of about 60 wt% made of PVC resin, plasticizer and filler, and about 40 wt% backing paper) was pulverized. The peripheral speed at the tip of the striking member 50 was 150 m / s.

  As a result, pulverization was performed to about 50 to 500 μm. The powder recovered in the container 12 was 550 kg, and the composition was 90 wt% of the resin compound powder composed of vinyl chloride resin + plasticizer + filler and 10 wt% of the pulp. The powder recovered in the bag filter 80 was 450 kg, and the composition was 20 wt% of the resin compound powder composed of a vinyl chloride resin + plasticizer + filler and 80 wt% of the pulp. These pulp and PVC resin compound powder have already been mechanically separated, and by further precise separation and classification using a sieve or the like, 99.5% of resin compound powder of 300 μm or less and pulp filament having a fiber length of 1 to 3 mm are obtained. It could be obtained with the above degree of separation. The SEM photograph of the resin compound powder and the SEM photograph of the pulp are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively.

    DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Powdering apparatus, 10 ... Cylindrical container, 10b ... Outlet, 14a ... Inlet, 14c ... Outlet, 20 ... Rotating shaft, 30 ... Rod, 40 ... Rod fixing member, 42 ... Opening, 42a ... Notch, 50 ... striking member.

Claims (8)

In a method for separating resin and fiber from a composite material including resin and fiber,
After the composite material is pulverized between the inner wall of the cylindrical container and the striking member,
A method for separating a resin and a fiber, wherein the resin and the fiber are separated by an action of a centrifugal force.   The striking member is provided at a plurality of rods provided at a position close to the inner wall of the cylindrical container and provided substantially parallel to the rotating shaft on a rod fixing member fixed to the rotating shaft. A method for separating the resin and the fiber according to claim 1.   The method for separating resin and fiber according to claim 2, wherein the rod fixing member has an opening or a notch.   The method for separating resin and fibers according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the centrifugal force is generated by rotation of a rotating shaft that rotates in the cylindrical container.   The method for separating the resin and the fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a distance between an inner wall of the cylindrical container and the striking member is 1 to 20 mm.   The method for separating the resin and the fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composite material is in a chip shape or a sheet shape that is previously set to 100 mm or less.   The method for separating the resin and the fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hitting member rotates at a peripheral speed of 100 m / s or more at a tip thereof.   The said cylindrical container is arrange | positioned in the substantially horizontal direction, The method to isolate | separate the resin and fiber as described in any one of Claims 1-7 characterized by the above-mentioned.