JP2011157550A - Solid fuel - Google Patents
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- JP2011157550A JP2011157550A JP2011026048A JP2011026048A JP2011157550A JP 2011157550 A JP2011157550 A JP 2011157550A JP 2011026048 A JP2011026048 A JP 2011026048A JP 2011026048 A JP2011026048 A JP 2011026048A JP 2011157550 A JP2011157550 A JP 2011157550A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
Description
本発明は固体燃料に関する。さらに詳しくは、比較的大量に栽培される自然界に生息している植物から、有用な種子、穀類や球根などを採取した後の残渣を有効に利用した固体燃料に関する。
より具体的には、特定の植物からの前記した残渣を効果的に利用するとともに、燃焼後有害なガスや残渣が可及的に少なく、発熱量が大きくしかも二酸化炭素発生抑制につながる固体燃料、殊に火力発電用燃料に適した固体燃料に関する。
The present invention relates to a solid fuel. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solid fuel that effectively uses a residue after harvesting useful seeds, cereals, bulbs, and the like from plants that are cultivated in a relatively large amount in nature.
More specifically, the above-mentioned residue from a specific plant is effectively used, and there are as few harmful gases and residues as possible after combustion, a solid fuel that generates a large amount of heat and leads to suppression of carbon dioxide generation, In particular, the present invention relates to a solid fuel suitable for a fuel for thermal power generation.
世界的な環境問題のひとつでもある地球温暖化の原因に空気中に存在する二酸化炭素量の増加が挙げられる。昨今、二酸化炭素の発生抑制を行おうとの地球規模で様々な手法により取り組まれている。その手法の中の一つに石炭やガソリンといった化石燃料の代替として、バイオ燃料を造り、自動車や発電ボイラーへの利用が押し進められているが、バイオ燃料の原料として用いられているトウモロコシなどの食物を使用することにより、生態系および経済バランスが崩れつつあり、最善の手法とはいえない。このように従来、人間が生きていくうえで不可欠なバランスである衣・食・住への影響を最小限に抑えるべく、かつ同時に地球環境も考慮していく必要があるが、非常に困難な問題であるために、様々な研究がなされてはいるが、未だ、解決されていない。そこで、プラスチックを用いた固体燃料が発電用ボイラーで、石油や石炭の代替として利用されているが、二酸化炭素の発生抑制効果は、未だ十分とはいえない。 One cause of global warming, one of the global environmental problems, is an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide present in the air. In recent years, various approaches have been taken on a global scale to suppress the generation of carbon dioxide. As one of the methods, biofuel is made as an alternative to fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline, and its use in automobiles and power generation boilers is being promoted. However, food such as corn is used as a raw material for biofuel. Is not the best approach, as the ecosystem and economic balance is being disrupted. In this way, it has been necessary to consider the global environment at the same time in order to minimize the impact on clothing, food and living, which is an essential balance for human life, but it is very difficult. Various studies have been done because of the problem, but it has not been solved yet. Therefore, solid fuel using plastic is a boiler for power generation and is used as an alternative to oil and coal. However, the effect of suppressing the generation of carbon dioxide is still not sufficient.
そこで本発明者は、有用な種子、穀類や球根などを採取した後の残渣や自然界に生息する他の植物であって比較的大量に発生する植物もしくはその残渣の有効利用、殊に二酸化炭素の発生抑制となる新しいエネルギー源として使用しうる固体燃料の開発を目的として鋭意研究を進めた。その結果、或る種の植物もしくはその残渣を固体化することにより、固体燃料として有効に利用できることが判った。殊に発電用の固体燃料として利用でき、新しいエネルギー源として残渣を活用できることが判った。 Therefore, the present inventor has made effective use of residues after harvesting useful seeds, cereals, bulbs, etc., other plants inhabiting the natural world, which are generated in a relatively large amount, or in particular, carbon dioxide. Intensive research was carried out with the aim of developing a solid fuel that could be used as a new energy source to control generation. As a result, it was found that by solidifying a certain plant or its residue, it can be effectively used as a solid fuel. In particular, it has been found that the residue can be used as a solid fuel for power generation and a new energy source.
すなわち、特定植物から有用種子、穀類や球根を採取した後の残渣を特定条件で加熱圧縮し成形すると、結合剤（例えばプラスチック）や形態保持剤（例えばゴムや粘着剤）などを意図的に可成りの量を配合しないでも、硬い成形物に成形し得ること、得られた成形物は、固体燃料として充分な発熱量を有すること、さらに驚くべきことには、成形物は、残渣が主成分であるにも拘わらず充分な硬度と強靭性を有していること、すなわち優れた形態保持安定性を有していることが判った。この形態保持安定性は、固体燃料として、殊に火力発電用燃料として極めて価値ある特性の1つである。固体燃料はその製造後（成形後）、貯蔵、輸送および積み卸しなどの工程が繰り返されて使用に供される。その間砕片化が起こり、小砕化が顕著になると工業用の固体燃料として不適切なものとなる。 That is, if the residue after harvesting useful seeds, cereals and bulbs from a specific plant is heated and compressed under specific conditions, a binder (for example, plastic) or a shape-retaining agent (for example, rubber or adhesive) can be used intentionally. It can be molded into a hard molded product without blending a certain amount, the obtained molded product has a sufficient calorific value as a solid fuel, and more surprisingly, the molded product is mainly composed of residues. Nevertheless, it has been found that it has sufficient hardness and toughness, that is, excellent shape retention stability. This form retention stability is one of extremely valuable properties as a solid fuel, particularly as a fuel for thermal power generation. After the production (after molding) of the solid fuel, processes such as storage, transportation and unloading are repeated for use. In the meantime, fragmentation occurs, and if the fragmentation becomes remarkable, it becomes unsuitable as an industrial solid fuel.
本発明による固体燃料は、成形後からユーザーが使用するまでの工程において、破片化や粉砕化が殆ど起らず、成形した適切な大きさで工業用燃料、殊に火力発電用燃料として長期間形状を保持しうるものであることが判明した。 The solid fuel according to the present invention has almost no fragmentation or pulverization in the process from molding to use by the user, and has a suitable size for industrial fuel, particularly thermal power generation fuel for a long time. It was found that the shape can be maintained.
本発明は、前記知見に基づいて到達されたものであって本発明によれば、海藻、海草または藻の乾燥物を、乾燥重量として７０重量％以上含有する組成物よりなり、かつ加熱圧縮成型されていることを特徴とする固体燃料が提供される。
また本発明の好ましい態様によれば、下記固体燃料が提供される。
（１）該組成物は、海藻、海草または藻の乾燥物を乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する前記記載の固体燃料。
（２）該組成物は、海藻、海草または藻の乾燥物を乾燥重量で８５重量％以上含有する前記記載の固体燃料。
（３）該組成物を、８０〜１５０℃の温度で圧縮成型することにより得られた前記記載の固体燃料。
（４）該組成物は、海藻を乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する前記記載の固体燃料。
（５）該組成物は、海草を乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する前記記載の固体燃料。
（６）該組成物は、藻を乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する前記記載の固体燃料。
（７）発熱量が１５〜３０Ｍｊ／ｋｇである固体燃料。
（８）1個当たりの大きさが平均１５〜３５００ｃｍ3である固体燃料。
（９）見掛け比重が０．３〜０．６ｇ／ｃｍ3である固体燃料。
（１０）形態保持安定性の試験の結果、砕片化の割合が５重量％以下である固体燃料。
（１１）発電用として使用するための固体燃料。
（１２）前記記載の固体燃料の発電の燃料として使用。
The present invention has been achieved based on the above knowledge, and according to the present invention, the present invention comprises a composition containing 70% by weight or more of a dry product of seaweed, seaweed or algae as a dry weight, and is heat compression molded. A solid fuel is provided.
Moreover, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, the following solid fuel is provided.
(1) The solid fuel as described above, wherein the composition contains a dried product of seaweed, seaweed or algae in a dry weight of 80% by weight or more.
(2) The solid fuel according to the above, wherein the composition contains a dried product of seaweed, seaweed or algae in a dry weight of 85% by weight or more.
(3) The said solid fuel obtained by compression-molding this composition at the temperature of 80-150 degreeC.
(4) The solid fuel as described above, wherein the composition contains seaweed at 80% by weight or more by dry weight.
(5) The solid fuel as described above, wherein the composition contains seaweed at 80% by weight or more by dry weight.
(6) The solid fuel as described above, wherein the composition contains algae in a dry weight of 80% by weight or more.
(7) Solid fuel having a calorific value of 15 to 30 Mj / kg.
(8) Solid fuel having an average size of 15 to 3500 cm 3 per piece.
(9) A solid fuel having an apparent specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm 3 .
(10) A solid fuel having a fragmentation ratio of 5% by weight or less as a result of the form retention stability test.
(11) Solid fuel for use in power generation.
(12) Use as a fuel for power generation of the solid fuel described above.
本発明によれば、大量に栽培され、食用や飼料として使用されている或る種の植物または自然界に大量に存在する未利用の植物を利用して、形態保持安定性の優れた固体燃料成形物を提供し得たものである。特に未利用の植物から実質的になる固形燃料として、殊に発電用の固形燃料として提供し得たものである。従って本発明の固体燃料は自然界の植物から実質的に形成されるものであり、有害なガスも発生せず、しかも二酸化炭素抑制につながるものである。 According to the present invention, a solid fuel molding having excellent shape retention stability is obtained by utilizing a certain plant that is cultivated in large quantities and used as food or feed, or an unused plant that exists in large quantities in nature. The thing was able to be provided. In particular, it can be provided as a solid fuel substantially composed of unused plants, particularly as a solid fuel for power generation. Therefore, the solid fuel of the present invention is substantially formed from natural plants, does not generate harmful gas, and leads to carbon dioxide suppression.
本発明の固体燃料は、海藻、海草または藻の乾燥物を主たる原料として使用する。これらは、採取した後、茎や葉の乾燥物が使用される。
これら乾燥物は、若干の水分を含有しているが、或る程度の乾燥物であればよい。これら乾燥物は、そのまゝ或いは切断して使用することができる。
次に前記植物について説明する。
（ａ）海藻（英：Ｓｅａｗｅｅｄ）は、肉眼的大きさ以上の海産藻類の総称である。海産の「藻類」を指し、種子植物を含まない。
（ｂ）海草（英：Ｓｅａｇｒａｓｓ）は、海域に生育する種子植物のことで、海産の水草である。藻類である海藻とは同音異義であるが、海草を「かいそう」と読むと区別しにくいので「うみくさ」と呼ぶこともある。
（ｃ）藻は、水生の光合成真核生物全般を云う。
The solid fuel of the present invention uses seaweed, seaweed, or dried algae as the main raw material. After these are collected, dried stalks and leaves are used.
These dried products contain some moisture but may be a certain amount of dried products. These dried products can be used as they are or cut.
Next, the said plant is demonstrated.
(A) Seaweed (English: Seaweed) is a general term for marine algae that are larger than macroscopic size. It refers to marine “algae” and does not contain seed plants.
(B) Seagrass (English: Seagrass) is a seed plant that grows in the sea and is a marine aquatic plant. Although it is synonymous with seaweed, which is an algae, it is sometimes called “Umikusa” because it is difficult to distinguish seaweed as “Kaisou”.
(C) Algae refers to all aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotes.
本発明の固体燃料は前記の乾燥物が乾燥重量で７０重量％以上、好ましくは８０重量％以上の組成物であればよく、実質的に１００重量％でもよい。しかし組成物当り、３０重量％未満、好ましくは２０重量％未満、特に好ましくは１５重量％未満は他の天然物由来の成分、例えばゴム、澱粉などの結合剤を含有していてもよい。 The solid fuel of the present invention may be a composition in which the dry matter is 70% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more by dry weight, and may be substantially 100% by weight. However, less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 20% by weight, particularly preferably less than 15% by weight, may contain other natural-derived components such as binders such as rubber and starch.
本発明の固体燃料を成形するには、前述した組成物（特に細片化した乾燥物）を８０〜１５０℃、好ましくは１００〜１３０℃の温度で圧縮成形すればよい。加熱圧縮するには一軸または二軸の加熱押出機を利用することができる。
特に二軸のスクリュー押出機の使用が望ましい。押出機より圧縮押出された組成物は、具体的に円形状のノズルから排出し、適当な長さに切断することにより、円筒状の形状した成形物となる。
この際、円形状のノズルの直径を２５〜５０ｍｍ、好ましくは３０〜４０ｍｍとすること、切断長さを２０〜７０ｍｍ、好ましくは２５〜６５ｍｍとすることにより、固体燃料として望ましい大きさのものとすることができる。
In order to mold the solid fuel of the present invention, the above-described composition (particularly, the dried product that has been cut into small pieces) may be compression molded at a temperature of 80 to 150 ° C, preferably 100 to 130 ° C. A uniaxial or biaxial heating extruder can be used for heat compression.
In particular, the use of a twin screw extruder is desirable. The composition compressed and extruded from the extruder is specifically discharged from a circular nozzle and cut into an appropriate length to form a cylindrical shaped product.
At this time, the diameter of the circular nozzle is set to 25 to 50 mm, preferably 30 to 40 mm, and the cutting length is set to 20 to 70 mm, preferably 25 to 65 mm. can do.
本発明の固体燃料は前記した成形方法で製造することが工業的に好ましいので、形状は円筒形乃至角柱形が望ましいが、特に円筒形が有利である。また大きさとしては、一個当たりの容積として平均で１５〜３５００ｃｍ３、好ましくは２０〜１０００ｃｍ３が望ましい。
また固体燃料の見掛け比重が０．３〜０．６ｇ／ｃｍ３、好ましくは０．４〜０．５ｇ／ｃｍ３の範囲が望ましい。
Since it is industrially preferable to produce the solid fuel of the present invention by the molding method described above, the shape is preferably cylindrical or prismatic, but the cylindrical shape is particularly advantageous. Moreover, as a magnitude | size, 15-3500 cm < 3 > on average as a volume per piece, Preferably 20-1000 cm < 3 > is desirable.
The apparent specific gravity of the solid fuel is 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.4 to 0.5 g / cm 3 .
固体燃料は発熱量が安定しておりその発熱量は１５〜３０ＭＪ／ｋｇ、好ましくは２０〜２８ＭＪ／ｋｇである。従って本発明の固体燃料は発熱量も高く安定し、しかも形態保持安定性がよく、従って火力発電用の燃料として有利に使用される。 Solid fuel has a stable calorific value, and the calorific value is 15-30 MJ / kg, preferably 20-28 MJ / kg. Therefore, the solid fuel of the present invention has a high calorific value and is stable and has good shape retention stability. Therefore, it is advantageously used as a fuel for thermal power generation.
実施例により得られた固体燃料の形態保持安定試験は下記方法により実施した。
固体燃料１００ｋｇを、容量２００リットルの金属缶（ドラム缶）の中に入れ、距離１００ｍの平坦なアスファルト路地上を3分間かけて回転させ、これを同様に繰り返し５往復させる（合計１０００ｍ）。その後、金属缶の中にある固体燃料をとり出し、目開きが１０ｍｍ以下の篩いを通過した量の割合（％）とする。
The form retention stability test of the solid fuel obtained in the examples was performed by the following method.
100 kg of solid fuel is put into a metal can (drum can) having a capacity of 200 liters, and is rotated over a flat asphalt road with a distance of 100 m over 3 minutes, and this is repeated 5 times (total 1000 m). Thereafter, the solid fuel in the metal can is taken out, and the ratio (%) of the amount passed through a sieve having an opening of 10 mm or less.
（評価基準）
目開きが１０ｍｍ以下の篩いを通過した割合（重量）を算出し、下記の基準で評価する。
・０％〜５％以下：良い
・６％〜１０％以下：普通
・１１％〜１５％：悪い
(Evaluation criteria)
The ratio (weight) that passed through a sieve having an opening of 10 mm or less is calculated and evaluated according to the following criteria.
・ 0% to 5% or less: good ・ 6% to 10% or less: normal ・ 11% to 15%: bad
[実施例１〜３]
下記表１に示した種類の植物の乾燥物を原料組成物（各組成物の組成は、乾燥残渣を８０重量％、天然ゴムを２０重量％とした）とし、１３０℃に加熱した二軸スクリュー押出機にて、押出し直径約５０ｍｍの円筒状の固体燃料を得た（長さ６５ｍｍ）。得られた固体燃料の見掛け比重（嵩比重）、発熱量および形態保持安定試験の結果を下記表１に示した。
[Examples 1 to 3]
A biaxial screw heated to 130 ° C. with a dried plant product of the type shown in Table 1 below as a raw material composition (the composition of each composition is 80% by weight of dry residue and 20% by weight of natural rubber) A cylindrical solid fuel having an extrusion diameter of about 50 mm was obtained with an extruder (length: 65 mm). The apparent specific gravity (bulk specific gravity), the calorific value, and the results of the shape retention stability test of the obtained solid fuel are shown in Table 1 below.
Claims (13)
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| JP2011026048A JP2011157550A (en) | 2011-02-09 | 2011-02-09 | Solid fuel |
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| JP2010016978A Division JP4814381B2 (en) | 2010-01-28 | 2010-01-28 | Solid fuel |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014224616A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2014-12-04 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Biomass power generation system |
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| JPH03154616A (en) * | 1989-11-10 | 1991-07-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Recovery and fixation of carbon dioxide |
| JP2003181691A (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-07-02 | Chugoku Regional Development Bureau Ministry Of Land Infrastructure & Transport | Compression molding method for cut grass |
| JP2006517000A (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2006-07-13 | ヴェルナー ハンス | Method and apparatus for producing fuel from compressed biomass and method for using this fuel |
| JP2009051985A (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-12 | Toshihiko Maruyama | Manufacturing method of biomass-based molded fuel |
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| JPS57111391A (en) * | 1980-12-27 | 1982-07-10 | Oo Kiyatan Jiyunia Gonzaro | Green charcoal and manufacture |
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| JPS62263287A (en) * | 1986-05-10 | 1987-11-16 | Boruneo Baiomasu Kenkyusho:Kk | Production of solid fuel from chaff and rice straw |
| JPH03154616A (en) * | 1989-11-10 | 1991-07-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Recovery and fixation of carbon dioxide |
| JP2003181691A (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-07-02 | Chugoku Regional Development Bureau Ministry Of Land Infrastructure & Transport | Compression molding method for cut grass |
| JP2006517000A (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2006-07-13 | ヴェルナー ハンス | Method and apparatus for producing fuel from compressed biomass and method for using this fuel |
| JP2009051985A (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-12 | Toshihiko Maruyama | Manufacturing method of biomass-based molded fuel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2014224616A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2014-12-04 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Biomass power generation system |
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