JP4813605B2 - Solid fuel - Google Patents

Solid fuel Download PDF

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JP4813605B2
JP4813605B2 JP2010008343A JP2010008343A JP4813605B2 JP 4813605 B2 JP4813605 B2 JP 4813605B2 JP 2010008343 A JP2010008343 A JP 2010008343A JP 2010008343 A JP2010008343 A JP 2010008343A JP 4813605 B2 JP4813605 B2 JP 4813605B2
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solid fuel
weight
fuel according
pomace
seeds
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JP2011144327A (en
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通宏 木山
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Creative Co Ltd
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Creative Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2010008343A priority Critical patent/JP4813605B2/en
Application filed by Creative Co Ltd filed Critical Creative Co Ltd
Priority to AU2010342105A priority patent/AU2010342105B2/en
Priority to EP10843096.8A priority patent/EP2527419B1/en
Priority to RU2012135040/04A priority patent/RU2591853C2/en
Priority to CN2010800617942A priority patent/CN102712860A/en
Priority to SG2012051561A priority patent/SG182495A1/en
Priority to CA2786976A priority patent/CA2786976C/en
Priority to MX2012008275A priority patent/MX337961B/en
Priority to KR1020127021410A priority patent/KR101802544B1/en
Priority to BR112012017706A priority patent/BR112012017706B1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2010/068494 priority patent/WO2011086741A1/en
Priority to MYPI2012003158A priority patent/MY171639A/en
Priority to US13/521,774 priority patent/US8801812B2/en
Publication of JP2011144327A publication Critical patent/JP2011144327A/en
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Publication of JP4813605B2 publication Critical patent/JP4813605B2/en
Priority to ZA2012/05282A priority patent/ZA201205282B/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Description

本発明は固体燃料に関する。さらに詳しくは、自然界に大量に生息し、かつ油脂成分を多く含有する或る種の植物の果実（殊に種子）やその種子から油脂成分を搾ったかす（滓）を有効に利用した固体燃料に関する。より具体的には、前記果実（殊に種子）やその搾りかすを効果的に利用するとともに、燃焼後有害なガスや残渣が可及的に少なく、発熱量が大きくしかも二酸化炭素発生抑制につながる固体燃料、殊に火力発電用燃料に適した固体燃料に関する。   The present invention relates to a solid fuel. More specifically, a solid fuel that effectively uses fruits (especially seeds) of certain plants that inhabit a large amount in nature and contain a large amount of oil and fat components, and squeezed oil (oil) from the seeds. About. More specifically, the fruits (especially seeds) and their pomace are effectively used, and there are as little harmful gases and residues as possible after combustion, the calorific value is large, and carbon dioxide generation is suppressed. The present invention relates to a solid fuel, particularly a solid fuel suitable for a thermal power generation fuel.

世界的な環境問題のひとつでもある地球温暖化の原因に空気中に存在する二酸化炭素量の増加が挙げられる。昨今、二酸化炭素の発生抑制を行おうとの地球規模で様々な手法により取り組まれている。その手法の中の一つに石炭やガソリンといった化石燃料の代替として、バイオ燃料を造り、自動車や発電ボイラーへの利用が押し進められているが、バイオ燃料の原料として用いられているトウモロコシなどの食物を使用することにより、生態系および経済バランスが崩れつつあり、最善の手法とはいえない。このように従来、人間が生きていくうえで不可欠なバランスである衣・食・住への影響を最小限に抑えるべく、かつ同時に地球環境も考慮していく必要があるが、非常に困難な問題であるために、様々な研究がなされてはいるが、未だ、解決されていない。そこで、プラスチックを用いた固体燃料が発電用ボイラーで、石油や石炭の代替として利用されているが、二酸化炭素の発生抑制効果は、未だ十分とはいえない。   One cause of global warming, one of the global environmental problems, is an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide present in the air. In recent years, various approaches have been taken on a global scale to suppress the generation of carbon dioxide. As one of the methods, biofuel is made as an alternative to fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline, and its use in automobiles and power generation boilers is being promoted. However, food such as corn is used as a raw material for biofuel. Is not the best approach, as the ecosystem and economic balance is being disrupted. In this way, it has been necessary to consider the global environment at the same time in order to minimize the impact on clothing, food and living, which is an essential balance for human life, but it is very difficult. Various studies have been done because of the problem, but it has not been solved yet. Therefore, solid fuel using plastic is a boiler for power generation and is used as an alternative to oil and coal. However, the effect of suppressing the generation of carbon dioxide is still not sufficient.

一方自然界には食用には適さないが、比較的油脂成分の含有量が多い果実（殊に種子）が存在する。その果実（種子）から油脂成分を搾り、石鹸や工業製品などに利用されているものは多く知られている。そのうち、多量に種子が得られ、油脂成分も多く利用されているものが、例えば下記に挙げられる。
（１）唐胡麻（学名 Ｒｉｃｉｎｕｓ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓ）；
別名 ヒマ（蓖麻）とも称され、アフリカ、インドや中国に大量に生育する多年草である。一般にヒマシ油の原料として種子からの油脂は利用されているが、油脂は毒性が強く、食用としてはあまり利用されていない。
しかし油脂成分は、バイオ燃料、クールトオイルなどの代替燃料として検討されている。
（２）南京黄櫨（学名 Ｔｒｉａｄｉｃａ ｓｅｂｉｆｅｒａ）
別名 トウハゼ、カンテラギとも称され、中国と台湾に多く生息する。種子からの油脂成分は、石鹸や蝋燭の原料として利用され、一部薬用にも使用されている。
（３）南洋油桐（学名 Ｊａｔｒｏｐｈａ ｃｕｒｃａｓ）
別名 タイワンアブラギリ、ジャトロファまたはヤトロファとも称され、中南米原産ではあるが種子は油分に富み、収穫量も多いことからインド、中国、アフリカ、南米など多くの国で、多量に栽培されている。種子から搾った油脂は、石鹸や蝋燭として利用されているが、最近はバイオディーゼル燃料として脚光を浴びている。
（４）菜種（学名 Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａ ｒａｐａ Ｌ．ｖａｒ．ｎｉｐｐｏ−ｏｌｅｉｆｅｒａ）
通称 油菜とも称され、アブラナ科アブラナ属の二年生植物。古くから野菜として、また油を採るため栽培されてきた作物で、別名としてナノハナ（菜の花）、ナタネ（菜種、厳密には採取した種子のこと）などがあり、江戸時代には胡菜または菜薹と呼ばれた。
（５）ヤシ（椰子）（学名：Ｐａｌｍａｅ）
ヤシ科植物の総称。ココヤシ亜科、アレカ亜科、トウ亜科など１１亜科２９族（連）に分けられる。
熱帯地方に多く産生する。中近東では６０００年前からナツメヤシの糖分の多い果肉（中果皮）が食料として利用され、現代でも菓子、果糖、アルコールなどの用途に供される。ココヤシやアフリカアブラヤシなどの胚乳から多量の良質な油脂（コプラ）が得られ、工業用、せっけん、マーガリンなどに利用される。また数種のサトウヤシ類からは、花柄に切り傷をつけ、切り口から出る樹液を煮つめ、乾燥して糖蜜（とうみつ）、砂糖を得る。
（６）トウモロコシ（学名：Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓ）
イネ科の一年生植物。種子は穀物として人間の食料や家畜の飼料となるほか、デンプン（コーンスターチ）や油、バイオエタノールの原料としても重要で、年間世界生産量は６億トンに達する。そのうち約４億トンが飼料、約２億トンが人間の主食として利用される。
（７）ハニーメスキート：Ｈｏｎｅｙ ｍｅｓｑｕｉｔｏ（学名 Ｐｒｏｓｏｐｉｓ ｇｌａｎｄｕｌｏｓａ）
アメリカの南西部、テキサス州からカリフォルニア州それにメキシコ北部に分布している。乾燥した平原や丘陵、砂漠などに生え、高さは６メートルほどになる。春から夏にかけて、総状花序を下垂させ、芳香のある淡黄色の花を咲かせる。果実は莢果で、夏に熟します。南西部に住むインディアンは、この莢を食用とする。 On the other hand, there are fruits (especially seeds) that are not edible in nature but have a relatively high content of fats and oils. Many oils and fats are squeezed from the fruit (seed) and used in soaps and industrial products. Among them, the ones in which a large amount of seeds are obtained and the fats and oils components are also used are listed below.
(1) Kara sesame (scientific name Ricinus communis);
Also known as Hima (Hima), it is a perennial that grows in large quantities in Africa, India and China. In general, fats and oils from seeds are used as a raw material for castor oil, but fats and oils are highly toxic and are not often used for food.
However, oil and fat components are being investigated as alternative fuels such as biofuels and coult oils.
(2) Nanjing Twilight (Scientific name Triadica sebifera)
It is also known as Tohaze and Kanteragi, and it lives a lot in China and Taiwan. Oils and fats from seeds are used as raw materials for soaps and candles, and some are used for medicinal purposes.
(3) Nanyo Oil Tung (Scientific name: Jatropha curcas)
It is also called Taiwan Abragiri, Jatropha, or Jatropha. It is native to Central and South America, but its seeds are rich in oil and harvested in large quantities in many countries such as India, China, Africa, and South America. Oils and fats squeezed from seeds are used as soaps and candles, but recently they are attracting attention as biodiesel fuel.
(4) Rapeseed (scientific name: Brassica rapa L. var. Nippo-oleifera)
Commonly known as oil rape, a biennial plant of the Brassicaceae Brassica genus. Crops that have been cultivated for a long time as vegetables and for oil. Other names include nano-hana (rapeseed) and rapeseed (rapeseed, strictly speaking, collected seeds). Called.
(5) Palm (scientific name: Palmae)
A general term for palmaceous plants. It is divided into 29 subgroups (reams) of 11 subfamily such as coconut palm, areca, and tow.
Many are produced in the tropics. In the Middle East, flesh (medium peel) with a lot of sugar from date palm has been used as food since 6000 years ago, and even today it is used for confectionery, fructose, alcohol and so on. A large amount of high-quality oil (copra) is obtained from endosperm such as coconut palm and African oil palm, and is used for industrial, soap and margarine. Also, from several kinds of sugar palms, the flower pattern is cut, the sap from the cut is boiled and dried to obtain molasses and sugar.
(6) Maize (scientific name: Zea mays)
An annual plant of the grass family. Seeds are used as cereals as feed for human food and livestock, as well as starch (cornstarch), oil, and bioethanol. The annual global production reaches 600 million tons. Of this, about 400 million tons are used as feed and about 200 million tons are used as human staple food.
(7) Honey Mesquite: Honey Mesquito (Scientific name: Prosopis granulosa)
It is distributed in the southwestern United States, from Texas to California and northern Mexico. It grows on dry plains, hills, and deserts, and is about 6 meters high. From spring to summer, the inflorescences hang down and fragrant light yellow flowers bloom. The fruits are fruit and ripen in summer. Indians living in the southwestern part use this edible food.

そこで本発明者は、前記種子またはその油脂成分を搾り取った後の、かす（以下、“搾りかす”と略称する）が多量に発生することに着眼し、その有効利用、殊に二酸化炭素の発生抑制となる新しいエネルギー源として使用しうる固体燃料の開発を目的として鋭意研究を進めた。本発明者の知る限り、殊に搾りかすは、搾り取った油脂成分の量とほゞ同じ量が多量発生し、搾りかすは若干の油脂成分が残存していることもあって、それ自体種子片状であって、燃料として使用しうることが、一般的には知られていたが、その利用は小規模であった。   Therefore, the present inventor has focused on the generation of a large amount of residue (hereinafter abbreviated as “squeezed residue”) after squeezing the seed or its fat and oil component. Intensive research was carried out with the aim of developing a solid fuel that could be used as a new energy source to control generation. As far as the present inventor knows, in particular, squeezed residue is produced in a large amount almost the same amount as the amount of squeezed oil and fat component, and the squeezed residue may have some oil and fat components remaining, which is itself a seed. Although it was generally known that it was flaky and could be used as a fuel, its use was small.

本発明者は前記目的の達成のために研究を重ねた結果、前記種子、殊にその搾りかす或いはそれを主成分とする組成物を特定条件で加熱圧縮し成形すると、結合剤（例えばプラスチック）や形態保持剤（例えばゴムや粘着剤）などを意図的に可成りの量を配合しないでも、硬い成形物に成形し得ること、得られた成形物は、固体燃料として充分な発熱量を有すること、さらに驚くべきことには、成形物は、搾りかすが主成分であるにも拘わらず充分な硬度と強靭性を有していること、すなわち優れた形態保持安定性を有していることが判った。この形態保持安定性は、固体燃料として、殊に火力発電用燃料として極めて価値ある特性の1つである。固体燃料はその製造後（成形後）、貯蔵、輸送および積み卸しなどの工程が繰り返されて使用に供される。その間砕片化が起こり、小砕化が顕著になると工業用の固体燃料として不適切なものとなる。   As a result of repeated researches for achieving the above object, the present inventor, when the above-mentioned seeds, in particular, the pomace or the composition containing the seeds as a main component is heated and compressed under specific conditions, a binder (for example, plastic) It can be formed into a hard molded article without intentionally adding a considerable amount of a shape-retaining agent (for example, rubber or adhesive), and the obtained molded article has a sufficient calorific value as a solid fuel. More surprisingly, the molded product has sufficient hardness and toughness despite being the main component of the pomace, that is, it has excellent shape retention stability. understood. This form retention stability is one of extremely valuable properties as a solid fuel, particularly as a fuel for thermal power generation. After the production (after molding) of the solid fuel, processes such as storage, transportation and unloading are repeated for use. In the meantime, fragmentation occurs, and if the fragmentation becomes remarkable, it becomes unsuitable as an industrial solid fuel.

本発明による固体燃料は、成形後からユーザーが使用するまでの工程において、破片化や粉砕化が殆ど起らず、成形した適切な大きさで工業用燃料、殊に火力発電用燃料として長期間形状を保持しうるものであることが判明した。   The solid fuel according to the present invention has almost no fragmentation or pulverization in the process from molding to use by the user, and has a suitable size for industrial fuel, particularly thermal power generation fuel for a long time. It was found that the shape can be maintained.

本発明は、前記知見に基づいて到達されたものであって、本発明によれば、唐胡麻、南京黄櫨、南洋油桐、菜種、ヤシ、トウモロコシまたはハニーメスキートの果実の種子或いはその搾りかすを乾燥重量で７０重量％以上および天然物由来のゴムまたは澱粉を０〜３０重量％からなる組成物よりなり、かつ加熱圧縮成型されていることを特徴とする固体燃料が提供される。
また本発明の好ましい態様によれば下記の固体燃料が提供される。
（１） 該組成物は、前記果実の種子またはその搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する固体燃料。
（２） 該組成物は、前記果実の種子またはその搾りかすを乾燥重量で８５重量％以上含有する固体燃料。
（３） 該組成物を、８０〜１５０℃の温度で圧縮成型することにより得られた固体燃料。
（４） 該組成物は、唐胡麻の果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する固体燃料。
（５） 該組成物は、南京黄櫨の果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する固体燃料。
（６） 該組成物は、南洋油桐の果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する固体燃料。
（７） 該組成物は、菜種の果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する固体燃料。
（８） 該組成物は、ヤシの果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する固体燃料。
（９） 該組成物は、トウモロコシの果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する固体燃料。
（１０） 該組成物は、ハニーメスキートの果実の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する固体燃料。
（１１） 発熱量が１５〜３０Ｍｊ／ｋｇである固体燃料。
（１２） 1個当たりの大きさが平均１５〜３５００ｃｍ3である固体燃料。
（１３） 見掛け比重が０．３〜０．６ｇ／ｃｍ3である固体燃料。
（１４） 形態保持安定性の試験の結果、砕片化の割合が５重量％以下である固体燃料。
（１５） 発電用として使用するための固体燃料。
（１６） 前記記載の固体燃料の発電の燃料として使用。 The present invention has been achieved based on the above knowledge, and according to the present invention, the seeds of sesame seeds, sesame seeds, Nanjing yellow cocoons, Nanyang oil paulownia, rapeseed, coconut, corn or honey mesquite or squeezed scum thereof. There is provided a solid fuel comprising a composition comprising 70% by weight or more by dry weight and 0 to 30% by weight of rubber or starch derived from a natural product, and being heat compression molded.
Moreover, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, the following solid fuel is provided.
(1) The composition is a solid fuel containing 80% by weight or more by dry weight of the fruit seeds or pomace thereof.
(2) The composition is a solid fuel containing 85% by weight or more by dry weight of the fruit seeds or pomace thereof.
(3) A solid fuel obtained by compression-molding the composition at a temperature of 80 to 150 ° C.
(4) The composition is a solid fuel containing 80% by weight or more of dry seeds of sesame seeds of sesame seeds.
(5) The composition is a solid fuel containing 80% by weight or more of dry pomace of seeds of Nanjing Twilight fruit.
(6) The composition is a solid fuel containing 80% by weight or more of pomace of Nanyang oil paulownia fruit seeds by dry weight.
(7) The composition is a solid fuel containing at least 80% by weight of dry seeds of rapeseed fruit seeds.
(8) The composition is a solid fuel containing 80% by weight or more dry weight of pomace of palm fruit seeds.
(9) The composition is a solid fuel containing corn fruit seed pomace at 80% by weight or more by dry weight.
(10) The composition is a solid fuel containing 80% by weight or more of pomace of honey mesquite fruit by dry weight.
(11) A solid fuel having a calorific value of 15 to 30 Mj / kg.
(12) A solid fuel having an average size of 15 to 3500 cm 3 per piece.
(13) Solid fuel having an apparent specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm 3 .
(14) A solid fuel having a fragmentation ratio of 5% by weight or less as a result of the form retention stability test.
(15) Solid fuel for use in power generation.
(16) Use as a fuel for power generation of the solid fuel described above.

本発明によれば、自然界に大量に生息し、一部は食用或いは油脂として使用されている或る種の植物果実またはその搾りかす（滓）を利用して、形態保持安定性の優れた固体燃料成形物を提供し得たものである。特に植物の果実の搾りかすから実質的になる固形燃料として、殊に発電用の固形燃料として提供し得たものである。従って本発明の固体燃料は自然界の植物から実質的に形成されるものであり、有害なガスも発生せず、しかも二酸化炭素抑制につながるものである。   According to the present invention, a solid having excellent shape retention stability using a certain kind of plant fruit or a pomace (powder) thereof that inhabits a large amount in nature and partly used as food or oil. A fuel molding can be provided. In particular, it can be provided as a solid fuel consisting essentially of pomace of plant fruits, in particular as a solid fuel for power generation. Therefore, the solid fuel of the present invention is substantially formed from natural plants, does not generate harmful gas, and leads to carbon dioxide suppression.

本発明の固体燃料は、唐胡麻、南京黄櫨、南洋油桐、菜種、ヤシ、トウモロコシまたはハニーメスキートの果実の種子或いはその搾りかすを原料とし、これら果実の種子或いはその搾りかすより実質的になる組成物より形成される。前述したように、これら果実の種子はその一部が食用や油脂の原料として利用されているものである。従って本発明の固体燃料は前記果実の種子の搾りかすを原料とすることが好ましい。種子の搾りかすとは、乾燥した種子を圧搾し、油脂分を取り除いた残渣である。搾りかすは、若干の油脂分および水分を含有しているが、本発明ではそのまま原料として使用することができる。   The solid fuel of the present invention is made from the seeds of sesame seeds, sesame seeds, Nanjing yellow cocoons, Nanyang oil paulownia, rapeseed, coconut, corn or honey mesquite, or the pomace thereof, and substantially consists of these fruit seeds or the pomace thereof. Formed from the composition. As described above, some of these fruit seeds are used as edible and oily raw materials. Therefore, the solid fuel of the present invention is preferably made from the pomace of the fruit seeds. Seed pomace is a residue obtained by squeezing dried seeds and removing oils and fats. The pomace contains some oil and fat and moisture, but can be used as it is in the present invention.

本発明の固体燃料は、種子或いはその搾りかすを乾燥重量として７０重量％以上、好ましくは８０重量％以上、特に好ましくは８５重量％以上含有している。ここで乾燥重量とは、種子或いは搾りかす中の水分を除去した重量を意味する。   The solid fuel of the present invention contains 70% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more, particularly preferably 85% by weight or more of seeds or pomace thereof as a dry weight. Here, the dry weight means a weight obtained by removing moisture from seeds or pomace.

前記果実の種子或いは搾りかすは、油脂分を少なからず含んでいるため、特にバインダーを添加しなくとも加圧圧縮して成形することにより、形態保持安定性に優れ、且つ充分な発熱量を有する固体燃料とすることができる。   Since the fruit seeds or pomace contain not a small amount of oil and fat, they are excellent in shape retention stability and have a sufficient calorific value by molding by pressing and compressing without adding a binder. It can be a solid fuel.

本発明の固体燃料は前記種子或いはその搾りかす、好適には搾りかすが乾燥重量で７０重量％以上、好ましくは８０重量％以上の組成物であればよく、実質的に１００重量％でもよい。しかし組成物当り、０〜３０重量％、好ましくは０〜２０重量％、特に好ましくは０〜１５重量％は天然物由来のゴムまたは澱粉を含有している。 The solid fuel of the present invention may be a composition containing 70% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more by dry weight, or substantially 100% by weight of the above seeds or their pomace, preferably pomace. However, 0 to 30 % by weight, preferably 0 to 20 % by weight, particularly preferably 0 to 15 % by weight, based on the composition, contain rubber or starch derived from natural products .

前述した果実のうち、唐胡麻、南京黄櫨、南洋油桐、菜種またはヤシの果実が好ましく、殊に唐胡麻、南洋油桐またはヤシが好ましい。   Of the above-mentioned fruits, sesame, nanjing yellow cocoon, south sea oil paulownia, rapeseed or palm fruit are preferred, and sesame seeds, south sea oil paulownia or palm are particularly preferred.

本発明の固体燃料を成形するには、前述した組成物を８０〜１５０℃、好ましくは１００〜１３０℃の温度で圧縮成形すればよい。加熱圧縮するには一軸または二軸の加熱押出機を利用することができる。
特に二軸のスクリュー押出機の使用が望ましい。押出機より圧縮押出された組成物は、具体的に円形状のノズルから排出し、適当な長さに切断することにより、円筒状の形状した成形物となる。
この際、円形状のノズルの直径を２５〜５０ｍｍ、好ましくは３０〜４０ｍｍとすること、切断長さを２０〜７０ｍｍ、好ましくは２５〜６５ｍｍとすることにより、固体燃料として望ましい大きさのものとすることができる。 In order to mold the solid fuel of the present invention, the above-described composition may be compression molded at a temperature of 80 to 150 ° C, preferably 100 to 130 ° C. A uniaxial or biaxial heating extruder can be used for heat compression.
In particular, the use of a twin screw extruder is desirable. The composition compressed and extruded from the extruder is specifically discharged from a circular nozzle and cut into an appropriate length to form a cylindrical shaped product.
At this time, the diameter of the circular nozzle is set to 25 to 50 mm, preferably 30 to 40 mm, and the cutting length is set to 20 to 70 mm, preferably 25 to 65 mm. can do.

本発明の固体燃料は前記した成形方法で製造することが工業的に好ましいので、形状は円筒形乃至角柱形が望ましいが、特に円筒形が有利である。また大きさとしては、一個当たりの容積として平均で１５〜３５００ｃｍ３、好ましくは２０〜１０００ｃｍ３が望ましい。
また固体燃料の見掛け比重が０．３〜０．６ｇ／ｃｍ３、好ましくは０．４〜０．５ｇ／ｃｍ３の範囲が望ましい。 Since it is industrially preferable to produce the solid fuel of the present invention by the molding method described above, the shape is preferably cylindrical or prismatic, but the cylindrical shape is particularly advantageous. Moreover, as a magnitude | size, 15-3500 cm < 3 > on average as a volume per piece, Preferably 20-1000 cm < 3 > is desirable.
The apparent specific gravity of the solid fuel is 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.4 to 0.5 g / cm 3 .

固体燃料は発熱量が安定しておりその発熱量は１５〜３０ＭＪ／ｋｇ、好ましくは２０〜２８ＭＪ／ｋｇである。従って本発明の固体燃料は発熱量も高く安定し、しかも形態保持安定性がよく、従って火力発電用の燃料として有利に使用される。   Solid fuel has a stable calorific value, and the calorific value is 15-30 MJ / kg, preferably 20-28 MJ / kg. Therefore, the solid fuel of the present invention has a high calorific value and is stable and has good shape retention stability. Therefore, it is advantageously used as a fuel for thermal power generation.

実施例により得られた固体燃料の形態保持安定試験は下記方法により実施した。
固体燃料１００ｋｇを、容量２００リットルの金属缶（ドラム缶）の中に入れ、距離１００ｍの平坦なアスファルト路地上を3分間かけて回転させ、これを同様に繰り返し５往復させる（合計１０００ｍ）。その後、金属缶の中にある固体燃料をとり出し、目開きが１０ｍｍ以下の篩いを通過した量の割合（％）とする。 The form retention stability test of the solid fuel obtained in the examples was performed by the following method.
100 kg of solid fuel is put into a metal can (drum can) having a capacity of 200 liters, and is rotated over a flat asphalt road with a distance of 100 m over 3 minutes, and this is repeated 5 times (total 1000 m). Thereafter, the solid fuel in the metal can is taken out, and the ratio (%) of the amount passed through a sieve having an opening of 10 mm or less.

（評価基準）
目開きが１０ｍｍ以下の篩いを通過した割合（重量）を算出し、下記の基準で評価する。
・０％〜５％以下：良い
・６％〜１０％以下：普通
・１１％〜１５％：悪い (Evaluation criteria)
The ratio (weight) that passed through a sieve having an opening of 10 mm or less is calculated and evaluated according to the following criteria.
・ 0% to 5% or less: good ・ 6% to 10% or less: normal ・ 11% to 15%: bad

[実施例１〜７]
下記表１に示した種類の果実の種子の搾りかすを原料組成物（各組成物の組成は、搾りかすを８０重量％、天然ゴムを２０重量％とした）とし、１３０℃に加熱した二軸スクリュー押出機にて、押出し直径約５０ｍｍの円筒状の固体燃料を得た（長さ６５ｍｍ）。得られた固体燃料の見掛け比重（嵩比重）、発熱量および形態保持安定試験の結果を下記表１に示した。 [Examples 1-7]
The fruit seeds of the types shown in Table 1 below were used as raw material compositions (the composition of each composition was 80% by weight of pomace and 20% by weight of natural rubber), and heated to 130 ° C. A cylindrical solid fuel having an extrusion diameter of about 50 mm was obtained with a shaft screw extruder (length: 65 mm). The apparent specific gravity (bulk specific gravity), the calorific value, and the results of the shape retention stability test of the obtained solid fuel are shown in Table 1 below.

Figure 0004813605
Figure 0004813605

Claims (17)

唐胡麻、南京黄櫨、南洋油桐、菜種、ヤシ、トウモロコシまたはハニーメスキートの果実の種子或いはその搾りかすを乾燥重量で７０重量％以上および天然物由来のゴムまたは澱粉を０〜３０重量％からなる組成物よりなり、かつ加熱圧縮成型されていることを特徴とする固体燃料。 Kara sesame, Nanjing yellow cocoon, Nanyang oil paulownia, rapeseed, palm, corn or honey mesquite fruit seeds or pomace is 70 wt% or more in dry weight and natural product rubber or starch is 0 to 30 wt% A solid fuel comprising the composition and heat compression molded. 該組成物は、前記果実の種子またはその搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する請求項１記載の固体燃料。   The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the composition contains 80% by weight or more of the fruit seeds or pomace thereof by dry weight. 該組成物は、前記果実の種子またはその搾りかすを乾燥重量で８５重量％以上含有する請求項１記載の固体燃料。   The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the composition contains 85% by weight or more of the fruit seeds or pomace thereof by dry weight. 該組成物を、８０〜１５０℃の温度で圧縮成型することにより得られた請求項１記載の固体燃料。   The solid fuel according to claim 1, obtained by compression-molding the composition at a temperature of 80 to 150 ° C. 該組成物は、唐胡麻の果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する請求項１記載の固体燃料。   2. The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the composition contains 80% by weight or more of dried sesame seeds of sesame seeds. 該組成物は、南京黄櫨の果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する請求項１記載の固体燃料。   2. The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the composition contains 80% by weight or more of pomace of seeds of Nanjing Twilight fruit by dry weight. 該組成物は、南洋油桐の果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する請求項１記載の固体燃料。   2. The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the composition contains 80% by weight or more of pomace of seeds of Nanyang oil paulownia by dry weight. 該組成物は、菜種の果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する請求項１記載の固体燃料。   The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the composition contains 80% by weight or more of pomace of rapeseed fruit seeds by dry weight. 該組成物は、ヤシの果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する請求項１記載の固体燃料。   2. The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the composition contains at least 80 wt% of pomace of palm fruit seeds in dry weight. 該組成物は、トウモロコシの果実の種子の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する請求項１記載の固体燃料。   2. The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the composition contains corn fruit seed pomace 80% by weight or more in dry weight. 該組成物は、ハニーメスキートの果実の搾りかすを乾燥重量で８０重量％以上含有する請求項１記載の固体燃料。   2. The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the composition contains at least 80 wt% of honey mesquite fruit pomace by dry weight. 発熱量が１５〜３０Ｍｊ／ｋｇである請求項１記載の固体燃料。   The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the calorific value is 15 to 30 Mj / kg. 1個当たりの大きさが平均１５〜３５００ｃｍ3である請求項１記載の固体燃料。 The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the average size per one is 15 to 3500 cm 3 . 見掛け比重が０．３〜０．６ｇ／ｃｍ3である請求項１記載の固体燃料。 The solid fuel according to claim 1, having an apparent specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm 3 . 形態保持安定性の試験の結果、砕片化の割合が５重量％以下である請求項１記載の固体燃料。   The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein, as a result of the test of shape retention stability, the proportion of fragmentation is 5% by weight or less. 発電用として使用するための請求項１記載の固体燃料。   The solid fuel according to claim 1 for use in power generation. 請求項１記載の固体燃料の発電の燃料として使用。   Use of the solid fuel according to claim 1 as a fuel for power generation.
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