JP2011114900A - Apparatus and method for controlling supply and demand of micro-grid - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、マイクログリッドの需給制御装置およびマイクログリッドの需給制御方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a microgrid supply and demand control apparatus and a microgrid supply and demand control method.
電力系統においては、負荷と発電のバランス（需給バランス）が崩れると周波数変動が生じる。そのため、負荷変動の変動周期に応じた各種周波数制御によって、時々刻々変化する負荷と発電を常にバランスさせるように内燃力発電設備の発電機の出力増減調整を実施している。 In an electric power system, frequency fluctuations occur when the balance between load and power generation (supply-demand balance) is lost. For this reason, the output increase / decrease adjustment of the generator of the internal combustion power generation facility is performed so as to always balance the load and the power generation that change every moment by various frequency control according to the fluctuation cycle of the load fluctuation.
負荷変動の変動周期に応じて、変動周期が１分程度の負荷変動に対しては、発電機の回転数をガバナフリー運転することにより制御を行う。
変動周期が２０分程度の負荷変動に対しては、負荷周波数制御（ＬＦＣ： Ｌｏａｄ Ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ）により制御を行う。
Depending on the fluctuation cycle of the load fluctuation, the load fluctuation whose fluctuation cycle is about 1 minute is controlled by performing a governor-free operation on the rotational speed of the generator.
For load fluctuations with a fluctuation period of about 20 minutes, control is performed by load frequency control (LFC).
変動周期が６０分程度の変動に対しては、経済負荷配分制御（ＥＤＣ： Ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ Ｄｉｓｐａｔｃｈｉｎｇ Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ）で上下限制約、出力変化率制約などの発電機の特性を考慮した上で経済性を考慮した制御を行う。 For fluctuations with a fluctuation period of about 60 minutes, economic load distribution control (EDC) takes into account economic characteristics after taking into account generator characteristics such as upper and lower limit constraints and output change rate constraints. I do.
近年、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギを利用した発電設備（以下、再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備と記す）を含むマイクログリッドの開発が増加している。 In recent years, the development of microgrids including power generation facilities using renewable energy such as solar power generation facilities and wind power generation facilities (hereinafter referred to as power generation facilities using renewable energy) is increasing.
太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギを利用した発電設備は、日射量、風速などの自然条件に応じて時々刻々と出力が変動するため、特に電力過疎地域や離島など、脆弱な電力系統では系統の周波数や電圧の変動が生じ、運用上の技術的課題となることが想定される。 Power generation facilities that use renewable energy, such as solar power generation facilities and wind power generation facilities, are fragile, especially in areas where power is sparse and remote islands, because their output fluctuates momentarily according to natural conditions such as solar radiation and wind speed. In the electric power system, fluctuations in the system frequency and voltage occur, which are assumed to be technical problems in operation.
これに対し例えば、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギを利用した発電設備による出力変動を、電力貯蔵装置に充放電を行わせることで、ローカルに電力系統を安定化させる電力安定化装置として非特許文献１があげられる。 On the other hand, for example, power stability that stabilizes the power system locally by causing the power storage device to charge and discharge output fluctuations due to power generation facilities that use renewable energy such as solar power generation facilities and wind power generation facilities. Nonpatent literature 1 is mention | raise | lifted as a conversion apparatus.
しかしながら、上述の非特許文献１の電力安定化装置はローカル制御であり、広範囲な周波数補償はできていなかった。
本発明の目的は、電力過疎地域や離島などのマイクログリッドの周波数の安定性を向上させることが可能なマイクログリッドの需給制御技術を提供することにある。
However, the power stabilization device of Non-Patent Document 1 described above is local control, and a wide range of frequency compensation has not been achieved.
An object of the present invention is to provide a microgrid supply and demand control technology capable of improving the frequency stability of a microgrid such as a power depopulated area or a remote island.
本発明の第１の観点は、内燃力発電設備と、再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備と、電力貯
蔵装置と、電力を消費する負荷と、を含むマイクログリッドの需給制御装置において、
気象予報値および需要実績から、長期需要予測値および短期需要予測値を演算する予測手段と、
前記長期需要予測値から、前記内燃力発電設備の起動・停止状態、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の蓄電出力を演算する需給計画手段と、
前記短期需要予測値から、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力を演算する経済負荷配分制御手段と、
前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力、系統周波数、および外部の電力系統との連系線潮流から、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力を演算する負荷周波数制御手段と、
を備えるマイクログリッドの需給制御装置を提供する。
A first aspect of the present invention is a supply and demand control device for a microgrid including an internal combustion power generation facility, a renewable energy utilization power generation facility, a power storage device, and a load that consumes power.
A forecasting means for calculating long-term demand forecast values and short-term demand forecast values from weather forecast values and demand results;
From the long-term demand forecast value, the supply / demand planning means for calculating the start / stop state of the internal combustion power generation facility, the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the storage output of the power storage device,
Economic load distribution control means for calculating the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the power storage output of the power storage device from the short-term demand forecast value,
From the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the power storage output of the power storage device, the grid frequency, and the interconnection power flow with an external power system, the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the power storage output of the power storage device Load frequency control means for calculating;
A supply and demand control device for a microgrid comprising:
本発明の第２の観点は、内燃力発電設備と、再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備と、電力貯蔵装置と、電力を消費する負荷と、を含むマイクログリッドの需給制御方法において、
気象予報値および需要実績から、長期需要予測値および短期需要予測値を演算する予測ステップと、
前記長期需要予測値から、前記内燃力発電設備の起動・停止状態、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の蓄電出力を演算する需給計画ステップと、
前記短期需要予測値から、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力を演算する経済負荷配分制御ステップと、
前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力、系統周波数、および外部の電力系統との連系線潮流から、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力を演算する負荷周波数制御ステップと、
を含むマイクログリッドの需給制御方法を提供する。
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a microgrid supply and demand control method including an internal combustion power generation facility, a renewable energy utilization power generation facility, a power storage device, and a load that consumes power.
A forecasting step for calculating a long-term demand forecast value and a short-term demand forecast value from the weather forecast value and the demand record;
From the long-term demand forecast value, the supply / demand planning step of calculating the start / stop state of the internal combustion power generation facility, the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the storage output of the power storage device,
From the short-term demand forecast value, an economic load distribution control step of calculating the output of the internal combustion power generation facility and the storage output of the power storage device;
From the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the power storage output of the power storage device, the grid frequency, and the interconnection power flow with an external power system, the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the power storage output of the power storage device A load frequency control step to be calculated;
A supply and demand control method for a microgrid including
本発明によれば、電力過疎地域や離島などのマイクログリッドの周波数の安定性を向上させることが可能なマイクログリッドの需給制御技術を提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the supply-and-demand control technique of the microgrid which can improve the stability of the frequency of microgrids, such as a power depopulated area and a remote island, can be provided.
以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
図１は、本発明の一実施の形態であるマイクログリッドの需給制御方法を実施するマイクログリッドの需給制御装置の構成の一例を示す概念図である。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a configuration of a microgrid supply and demand control apparatus that implements a microgrid supply and demand control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
この図１に例示されるように、本実施の形態のマイクログリッド１００は、送電網１１０と、これに接続される複数の負荷１２０、内燃力発電設備１３０、電力貯蔵装置１４０、再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備１５０で構成されている。 As illustrated in FIG. 1, the microgrid 100 of the present embodiment includes a power transmission network 110, a plurality of loads 120 connected thereto, an internal combustion power generation facility 130, a power storage device 140, and use of renewable energy. The power generation facility 150 is configured.
本実施の形態のマイクログリッド１００は、例えば、離島や、特定地域等に設定される比較的小規模な電力網である。
そして、マイクログリッド１００の送電網１１０には、外部の他のマイクログリッドや、商用電力網等の外部電力系統１８０が、連携線１１１を介して接続されており、必要に応じて、外部電力系統１８０から電力の融通を受けることが可能になっている。
The microgrid 100 according to the present embodiment is a relatively small-scale power network set in, for example, a remote island or a specific area.
The power grid 110 of the microgrid 100 is connected to another external microgrid or an external power system 180 such as a commercial power network via a link line 111. The external power system 180 is used as necessary. It is possible to receive power interchange from
電力貯蔵装置１４０は、例えば、充放電可能な二次電池やキャパシタで構成される。本実施の形態では、一例として二次電池で構成されるものとする。
再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備１５０は、例えば、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギを利用した発電設備である。
The power storage device 140 is composed of, for example, a chargeable / dischargeable secondary battery or a capacitor. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the battery is constituted by a secondary battery as an example.
The renewable energy utilization power generation facility 150 is a power generation facility using renewable energy such as a solar power generation facility or a wind power generation facility.
この再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備１５０の出力は、天候や季節等に影響されて変動するため、電力貯蔵装置１４０に対する充電、放電を行って出力を可能な限り平準化するとともに、必要に応じて内燃力発電設備１３０を起動して補うことにより、負荷１２０による電力需要と、再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備１５０等の出力との需給バランスを保つ必要がある。 Since the output of the renewable energy utilizing power generation facility 150 fluctuates depending on the weather, season, etc., the power storage device 140 is charged and discharged to equalize the output as much as possible, and if necessary, the internal combustion engine It is necessary to maintain the supply and demand balance between the power demand by the load 120 and the output of the renewable energy utilizing power generation facility 150 and the like by starting up and supplementing the power generation facility 130.
そこで、本実施の形態の場合には、再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備１５０の出力の変動や、負荷１２０の消費電力の変動に応じて、マイクログリッド１００の平常の基準周波数ｆ０（例えば、５０Ｈｚまたは６０Ｈｚ）を可能な限り変化させることなく、内燃力発電設備１３０および電力貯蔵装置１４０の動作を制御するために、マイクログリッド需給制御システム２００が設けられている。 Therefore, in the case of the present embodiment, the normal reference frequency f 0 of the microgrid 100 (for example, 50 Hz or In order to control the operation of the internal combustion power generation facility 130 and the power storage device 140 without changing the frequency as much as possible, a microgrid supply and demand control system 200 is provided.
このマイクログリッド需給制御システム２００は、予測機能部２１０、需給計画部２２０、経済負荷配分制御部２３０、負荷周波数制御部２４０、実績データベース２５０、を備えている。 The microgrid supply and demand control system 200 includes a prediction function unit 210, a supply and demand planning unit 220, an economic load distribution control unit 230, a load frequency control unit 240, and a performance database 250.
マイクログリッド需給制御システム２００は、例えば、コンピュータシステムで構成され、予測機能部２１０〜経済負荷配分制御部２３０、および負荷周波数制御部２４０の一部の機能は、コンピュータシステムの図示しないマイクロプロセッサ等で実行されるソフトウェアで実現される。また、負荷周波数制御部２４０の他の一部の機能は、コントローラ等のハードウェア回路で構成することができる。 The microgrid supply and demand control system 200 is configured by a computer system, for example, and some functions of the prediction function unit 210 to the economic load distribution control unit 230 and the load frequency control unit 240 are performed by a microprocessor (not shown) of the computer system. Realized with executed software. Also, some other functions of the load frequency control unit 240 can be configured by a hardware circuit such as a controller.
また、実績データベース２５０は、マイクログリッド需給制御システム２００の内部に設けられた記憶装置、または、マイクログリッド需給制御システム２００の外部に設けられた専用のデータベースシステム等で構成することができる。 The performance database 250 can be configured by a storage device provided inside the microgrid supply and demand control system 200, a dedicated database system provided outside the microgrid supply and demand control system 200, or the like.
マイクログリッド需給制御システム２００の負荷周波数制御部２４０には、送電網１１０に接続された周波数検出器１６０で測定された当該送電網１１０の系統周波数ｆが入力される。 The system frequency f of the power transmission network 110 measured by the frequency detector 160 connected to the power transmission network 110 is input to the load frequency control unit 240 of the microgrid supply and demand control system 200.
同様に、連携線１１１には、有効電力演算器１７０が設けられ、測定結果である連系線潮流ΔＰＴがマイクログリッド需給制御システム２００に入力される。
図２は、本実施の形態のマイクログリッド需給制御システムにおける需給制御機能の構成例を示すブロック図である。
Similarly, the linkage line 111 is provided with an active power calculator 170, and the interconnected line power flow ΔP T as a measurement result is input to the microgrid supply and demand control system 200.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the supply and demand control function in the microgrid supply and demand control system of the present embodiment.
図２に例示されるように、本実施の形態のマイクログリッド需給制御システム２００では、マイクログリッド需給制御機能は、予測機能部２１０、需給計画部２２０、経済負荷配分制御部２３０、負荷周波数制御部２４０で構成されている。 As illustrated in FIG. 2, in the microgrid supply and demand control system 200 of the present embodiment, the microgrid demand and supply control function includes a prediction function unit 210, a supply and demand planning unit 220, an economic load distribution control unit 230, and a load frequency control unit. 240.
予測機能部２１０は、気象予報値２１１、需要実績２５１から長期需要予測値２１２、短期需要予測値２１３を演算する。
需給計画部２２０は、長期需要予測値２１２から内燃力発電設備１３０の起動・停止状態である内燃力発電機起動・停止状態２２３、内燃力発電設備の出力である内燃力発電機出力２２１、電力貯蔵装置１４０の蓄電池出力２２２を演算する。
The prediction function unit 210 calculates a long-term demand forecast value 212 and a short-term demand forecast value 213 from the weather forecast value 211 and the demand record 251.
The supply and demand planning unit 220 includes an internal combustion power generator start / stop state 223 that is the start / stop state of the internal combustion power generation facility 130, an internal combustion power generator output 221 that is the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, The storage battery output 222 of the storage device 140 is calculated.
経済負荷配分制御部２３０は、需給計画部２２０から得られる内燃力発電機起動・停止状態２２３、内燃力発電機出力２２１、蓄電池出力２２２と、予測機能部２１０から得られる短期需要予測値２１３に基づいて、内燃力発電設備の出力である内燃力発電機出力２３１、電力貯蔵装置１４０の蓄電池出力２３２を演算する。 The economic load distribution control unit 230 sets the internal combustion power generator start / stop state 223 obtained from the supply / demand planning unit 220, the internal combustion power generator output 221, the storage battery output 222, and the short-term demand forecast value 213 obtained from the prediction function unit 210. Based on this, the internal combustion power generator output 231 that is the output of the internal combustion power generation facility and the storage battery output 232 of the power storage device 140 are calculated.
負荷周波数制御部２４０は、経済負荷配分制御部２３０から得られる内燃力発電機出力２３１、蓄電池出力２３２と、系統周波数ｆ、外部電力系統１８０との連携線１１１から得られる連系線潮流ΔＰＴから、内燃力発電設備１３０の出力である内燃力発電機出力２４１、電力貯蔵装置１４０の蓄電池出力２４２を演算して、内燃力発電設備１３０および電力貯蔵装置１４０の動作を制御する。 The load frequency control unit 240 is connected to the internal power generator output 231 and the storage battery output 232 obtained from the economic load distribution control unit 230, the grid frequency f, and the interconnection line flow ΔP T obtained from the linkage line 111 with the external power system 180. Then, the internal combustion power generator output 241 that is the output of the internal combustion power generation facility 130 and the storage battery output 242 of the power storage device 140 are calculated, and the operations of the internal combustion power generation facility 130 and the power storage device 140 are controlled.
図３Ａは、本実施の形態のマイクログリッド需給制御システムを構成する予測機能部の構成および作用の一例を説明する概念図である。
図３Ｂおよび図３Ｃは、本実施の形態のマイクログリッド需給制御システムを構成する予測機能部の作用の一例を説明するグラフである。
FIG. 3A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of the configuration and operation of the prediction function unit that configures the microgrid supply and demand control system of the present embodiment.
FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C are graphs for explaining an example of the operation of the prediction function unit constituting the microgrid supply and demand control system of the present embodiment.
図３Ｂ、図３Ｃを参照して、本実施の形態のマイクログリッド需給制御システム２００における予測機能部２１０によって、気象予報値２１１、需要実績２５１から演算された長期需要予測値２１２、短期需要予測値２１３の一例を示す。 With reference to FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C, the forecast function part 210 in the microgrid demand-and-supply control system 200 of this Embodiment WHEREIN: The long-term demand forecast value 212 calculated from the weather forecast value 211 and the demand track record 251 and the short-term demand forecast value An example of 213 is shown.
図３Ｂにおける長期需要予測値２１２の例は、現在を起点とし未来２４時間先まで３０分刻みの需要予測値を表す。
図３Ｃにおける短期需要予測値２１３の例は、現在を起点とし未来１５分先まで１分刻みの需要予測値を表す。
The example of the long-term demand forecast value 212 in FIG. 3B represents the demand forecast value in increments of 30 minutes from the present to the future 24 hours ahead.
The example of the short-term demand forecast value 213 in FIG. 3C represents the demand forecast value in increments of 1 minute from the present to the future 15 minutes ahead.
図４は、本実施の形態のマイクログリッド需給制御システムを構成する需給計画部の作用の一例を説明する概念図である。
図４では、需給計画部２２０が、長期需要予測値２１２から内燃力発電設備の起動・停止状態である内燃力発電機起動・停止状態２２３、内燃力発電設備の出力である内燃力発電機出力２２１、電力貯蔵装置１４０の蓄電池出力２２２を演算する例を示している。
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the supply and demand planning unit that constitutes the microgrid supply and demand control system of the present embodiment.
In FIG. 4, the supply and demand planning unit 220 determines that the internal combustion power generator start / stop state 223 that is the start / stop state of the internal combustion power generation facility from the long-term demand forecast value 212, and the internal combustion power generator output that is the output of the internal combustion power generation facility. 221, the example which calculates the storage battery output 222 of the electric power storage apparatus 140 is shown.
需給計画部２２０は内燃力発電機出力上下限制約（すなわち、内燃力発電機出力上限制約３１１、内燃力発電機出力下限制約３１２）、内燃力発電機出力変化率制約３２０、蓄電池出力上下限制約（すなわち、蓄電池出力上限制約３３１、蓄電池出力下限制約３３２）、蓄電池出力変化率制約３４０、蓄電池電力量上下限制約（蓄電量制約、すなわち、蓄
電池電力量上限制約３５１、蓄電池電力量下限制約３５２）、需給バランス制約３６０の制約条件のもと、内燃力発電設備１３０の燃料費と起動費を最小化する演算を行う。
The supply and demand planning unit 220 includes an internal combustion power generator output upper and lower limit constraint (that is, an internal combustion power generator output upper limit constraint 311 and an internal combustion power generator output lower limit constraint 312), an internal combustion power generator output change rate constraint 320, and a storage battery output upper and lower limit constraint. (Ie, storage battery output upper limit constraint 331, storage battery output lower limit constraint 332), storage battery output change rate constraint 340, storage battery power upper / lower limit constraint (storage amount constraint, ie, storage battery power amount upper limit constraint 351, storage battery power amount lower limit constraint 352) Then, under the constraint condition of supply and demand balance constraint 360, an operation for minimizing the fuel cost and the startup cost of the internal combustion power generation facility 130 is performed.
すなわち、一例として、需給計画部２２０は、以下の式（１）および式（２）に例示される目的関数Ｆにて、燃料費と起動費を最小化する演算を行う。 That is, as an example, the supply and demand planning unit 220 performs an operation for minimizing the fuel cost and the start-up cost with the objective function F exemplified in the following equations (1) and (2).
Ｆ（ｔ）：時刻ｔの燃料費
Ｃｋ：内燃力発電機ｋの起動費
δｋ：内燃力発電機ｋの起動の有無
Ｍ：評価区間（時間）
Ｎ：内燃力，蓄電池の総台数
ａｋ，ｂｋ，ｃｋ：コスト係数
Ｐｋ（ｔ）：時刻ｔでの内燃力出力（内燃力発電機出力２２１），蓄電池出力（蓄電池出力２２２）
である。
F (t): Fuel cost at time t C k : Startup cost of internal combustion power generator k δ k : Presence or absence of startup of internal combustion power generator k M: Evaluation section (time)
N: internal combustion power, total number of storage batteries a k , b k , c k : cost coefficient P k (t): internal combustion power output at time t (internal combustion power generator output 221), storage battery output (storage battery output 222)
It is.
また、制約条件として、一例として、以下の式（３）〜式（６）で示される制約がある。
式（３）は、Ｐｋ（ｔ）に関する内燃力・蓄電池出力上下限制約（すなわち、内燃力発電機出力上限制約３１１、内燃力発電機出力下限制約３１２）を示している。
Further, as an example of the constraint condition, there are constraints represented by the following formulas (3) to (6).
Equation (3) shows the internal / combustion power / storage battery output upper and lower limit constraints (that is, the internal combustion power generator output upper limit constraint 311 and the internal combustion power generator output lower limit constraint 312) relating to P k (t).
Ｐｋ_L：内燃力，蓄電池出力の下限制約値
Ｐｋ_U：内燃力，蓄電池出力の上限制約値
である。
P k_L : Lower limit constraint value of internal combustion force and storage battery output P k_U : Upper limit constraint value of internal combustion force and storage battery output
式（４）は、内燃力・蓄電池出力変化率制約（内燃力発電機出力変化率制約３２０、蓄電池出力変化率制約３４０）を示している。 Formula (4) shows the internal combustion power / storage battery output change rate constraint (internal combustion power generator output change rate constraint 320, storage battery output change rate constraint 340).
ΔＰｋ（ｔ） ：時刻ｔの内燃力・蓄電池出力変化率
ΔＰｋ_L：内燃力・蓄電池出力変化率の下限制約値
ΔＰｋ_U：内燃力・蓄電池出力変化率の上限制約値
である。
ΔP k (t): Internal combustion force / battery output change rate at time t ΔP k_L : Lower limit constraint value of internal combustion force / battery output change rate ΔP k_U : Upper limit constraint value of internal combustion force / battery output change rate
式（５）は、電池電力量制約を示している。 Equation (5) shows the battery power amount constraint.
Ｗｋ（ｔ）：時刻ｔの蓄電池電力量
Ｗｋ_L：蓄電池電力量の下限制約値
Ｗｋ_U：蓄電池電力量の上限制約値
Ｗ0ｋ：蓄電池電力量の初期値
である。
W k (t): time t of battery power amount W k_L: battery power amount of the lower limit constraint value W k_U: battery power amount of the upper limit constraint value W 0k: is the initial value of the battery power consumption.
式（６）は、需給バランスの制約を示している。 Equation (6) shows the constraint on the supply and demand balance.
ＰＬ（ｔ）：時刻ｔでの総負荷
である。
P L (t): Total load at time t.
なお、上述の式（１）の目的関数Ｆによる燃料費と起動費を最小化する問題の求解としては、例えば、数理手法，メタヒューリスティク手法を用いることができる。具体的には、分枝限定法，遺伝的アルゴリズム（GA）とその改良手法、シミュレーティッドアニーリング（SA）とその改良手法、タブサーチ（以下TSと記す）とその改良手法およびParticle
Swarm Optimization（以下PSOと記す）とその改良手法などが用いることができる。
In addition, as a solution for the problem of minimizing the fuel cost and the start-up cost by the objective function F of the above equation (1), for example, a mathematical method or a metaheuristic method can be used. Specifically, branch and bound method, genetic algorithm (GA) and its improved method, simulated annealing (SA) and its improved method, tab search (hereinafter referred to as TS) and its improved method and Particle
Swarm Optimization (hereinafter referred to as PSO) and its improved methods can be used.
図５は、本実施の形態のマイクログリッド需給制御システムを構成する経済負荷配分制御部の作用の一例を説明する概念図である。
図５に例示されるように、本実施の形態の経済負荷配分制御部２３０は、予測機能部２１０から得られる短期需要予測値２１３と、需給計画部２２０から得られる内燃力発電機出力２２１、蓄電池出力２２２、内燃力発電機起動・停止状態２２３と、から内燃力発電設備の出力（内燃力発電機出力２３１）、電力貯蔵装置の蓄電池出力２３２を演算する。
FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the economic load distribution control unit constituting the microgrid supply and demand control system of the present embodiment.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, the economic load distribution control unit 230 of the present embodiment includes a short-term demand prediction value 213 obtained from the prediction function unit 210, an internal combustion power generator output 221 obtained from the supply and demand planning unit 220, From the storage battery output 222 and the internal combustion power generator start / stop state 223, the output of the internal combustion power generation facility (internal combustion power generator output 231) and the storage battery output 232 of the power storage device are calculated.
すなわち、本実施の形態の場合、一例として、経済負荷配分制御部２３０は、内燃力発電機出力上下限制約（内燃力発電機出力上限制約３１１、内燃力発電機出力下限制約３１２）、内燃力発電機出力変化率制約３２０、蓄電池出力上下限制約（蓄電池出力上限制約３３１、蓄電池出力下限制約３３２）、蓄電池出力変化率制約３４０、蓄電池電力量上下限制約（蓄電量制約：蓄電池電力量上限制約３５１、蓄電池電力量下限制約３５２）、需給バランス制約３６０の制約条件のもと、内燃力発電設備１３０の燃料費を最小化する。 That is, in the case of the present embodiment, as an example, the economic load distribution control unit 230 includes the internal combustion power generator output upper and lower limit constraints (the internal combustion power generator output upper limit constraint 311 and the internal combustion power generator output lower limit constraint 312), and the internal combustion force. Generator output change rate constraint 320, storage battery output upper / lower limit constraint (storage battery output upper limit constraint 331, storage battery output lower limit constraint 332), storage battery output change rate constraint 340, storage battery power upper / lower limit constraint (storage amount constraint: storage battery power amount upper limit constraint 351, storage battery power lower limit constraint 352) and supply / demand balance constraint 360, the fuel cost of internal combustion power generation facility 130 is minimized.
本実施の形態の場合、経済負荷配分制御部２３０は、一例として、以下の式（７）に例示される目的関数Ｆを用いて内燃力発電設備１３０の燃料費を最小化する。
なお、この式（７）は、上述の式（１）における内燃力発電設備１３０の起動費に関する第２項を省略したものであり、制約条件等は、式（１）の場合と同様である。
In the case of the present embodiment, as an example, the economic load distribution control unit 230 minimizes the fuel cost of the internal combustion power generation facility 130 by using an objective function F exemplified in the following equation (7).
In addition, this formula (7) is obtained by omitting the second term relating to the start-up cost of the internal combustion power generation facility 130 in the above-described formula (1), and the constraints and the like are the same as in the case of formula (1). .
図６は、本実施の形態のマイクログリッド需給制御システムを構成する負荷周波数制御部の構成例をさらに詳細に例示したブロック図である。
図６に例示されるように、本実施の形態の負荷周波数制御部２４０は、経済負荷配分制御部２３０から得られる内燃力発電機出力２３１および蓄電池出力２３２と、周波数検出器１６０から得られる系統周波数ｆと、外部電力系統１８０との連系線潮流ΔＰＴと、に基づいて、内燃力発電設備の出力（内燃力発電機出力２４１）、電力貯蔵装置１４０の蓄電池出力２４２を制御する。
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating in more detail a configuration example of a load frequency control unit constituting the microgrid supply and demand control system of the present embodiment.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, the load frequency control unit 240 of the present embodiment includes an internal combustion power generator output 231 and a storage battery output 232 obtained from the economic load distribution control unit 230, and a system obtained from the frequency detector 160. and frequency f, and the tie line power flow [Delta] P T with the external electric power system 180, based on the output of the internal combustion power generation facilities (internal combustion power generator output 241), controls the battery output 242 of the power storage device 140.
すなわち、本実施の形態の負荷周波数制御部２４０は、系統周波数判定機能２４３、ＬＰＦ（ローパスフィルタ）２４４ａ、ＬＰＦ２４４ｂ、加算器２４５ａ、加算器２４５ｂ、加算器２４５ｃ、不感帯設定器２４６ａ、不感帯設定器２４６ｂ、系統定数器２４６ｃ、リミッタ付きＰＩ制御器２４７、負荷周波数制御出力配分器２４８（ＫＧ１，・・・ＫＧＮ、およびＫＢ１，・・，ＫＢＮ）、変化率リミッタ２４９から構成される。 That is, the load frequency control unit 240 according to the present embodiment includes a system frequency determination function 243, an LPF (low pass filter) 244a, an LPF 244b, an adder 245a, an adder 245b, an adder 245c, a dead band setter 246a, and a dead band setter 246b. , System constant unit 246c, PI controller 247 with limiter, load frequency control output distributor 248 (K G1 ,... K GN , and K B1 ,..., K BN ), and change rate limiter 249.
基準周波数ｆ０の入力経路には、加算器２４５ａ、不感帯設定器２４６ａ、系統定数器２４６ｃ、加算器２４５ｂが配置され、加算器２４５ｂの出力が、リミッタ付きＰＩ制御器２４７への入力となっている。 The input path of the reference frequency f 0, the adder 245a, the dead zone setting unit 246a, system constants unit 246c, adder 245b is arranged, the output of the adder 245b is, it becomes the input to the limiter PI controller 247 Yes.
系統定数器２４６ｃには、不感帯設定器２４６ａからの出力に乗算される系統定数（Ｋ）が設定される。
そして、基準周波数ｆ０は、加算器２４５ａの加算入力となり、系統定数器２４６ｃの出力が加算器２４５ｂの減算入力となっている。
In the system constant unit 246c, a system constant (K) to be multiplied by the output from the dead band setting unit 246a is set.
Then, the reference frequency f 0 becomes a sum input of adder 245a, the output of the system constant unit 246c is a subtraction input of the adder 245b.
系統周波数ｆの入力経路には、ＬＰＦ２４４ａ、系統周波数判定機能２４３、が配置され、系統周波数判定機能２４３のＬＦＣ常時制御出力２４３ａが、加算器２４５ａの減算入力となっている。 An LPF 244a and a system frequency determination function 243 are arranged on the input path of the system frequency f, and the LFC constant control output 243a of the system frequency determination function 243 is a subtraction input of the adder 245a.
系統周波数判定機能２４３は、周波数−継続時間定義テーブル２４３ｔを備えており、入力される系統周波数ｆを、周波数−継続時間定義テーブル２４３ｔで判別することにより、ＬＦＣ常時制御出力２４３ａ、風力／太陽光発電出力抑制２４３ｂ、風力／太陽光発電解列２４３ｃ、負荷出力抑制２４３ｄ、負荷遮断２４３ｅを出力する判定機能を備えている。 The system frequency determination function 243 includes a frequency-duration definition table 243t, and by determining the input system frequency f using the frequency-duration definition table 243t, the LFC constant control output 243a, wind power / solar power The power generation output suppression 243b, the wind / solar electrolysis column 243c, the load output suppression 243d, and the determination function for outputting the load cutoff 243e are provided.
連系線潮流ΔＰＴの入力経路には、ＬＰＦ２４４ａ、不感帯設定器２４６ｂが設けられ、不感帯設定器２４６ｂの出力が、加算器２４５ｂの加算入力となっている。
リミッタ付きＰＩ制御器２４７の出力側には、内燃力発電設備１３０の数（Ｇ１〜ＧＮ）と、電力貯蔵装置１４０の数（Ｂ１〜ＢＮ）の数だけ、負荷周波数制御出力配分器２４８、変化率リミッタ２４９、加算器２４５ｃが並列に接続されている。
The input path tie-line power flow ΔP T, LPF244a, dead band setting unit 246b is provided, the output of the dead band setting unit 246b has a summing input of the adder 245b.
On the output side of the PI controller 247 with limiter, the load frequency control output distributor 248, the number of the internal combustion power generation facilities 130 (G1 to GN) and the number of the power storage devices 140 (B1 to BN) are changed. A rate limiter 249 and an adder 245c are connected in parallel.
変化率リミッタ２４９の各々の出力は、加算器２４５ｃにおける加算入力となっている。
そして、負荷周波数制御出力配分器２４８の各々には、対応する内燃力発電設備１３０および電力貯蔵装置１４０の各々の内燃力発電機出力２３１および蓄電池出力２３２が接続され、同様に、加算器２４５ｃには、対応する内燃力発電機出力２３１および蓄電池出力２３２が加算入力として接続されている。
Each output of the change rate limiter 249 is an addition input in the adder 245c.
Each load frequency control output distributor 248 is connected to each internal combustion power generator output 231 and storage battery output 232 of the corresponding internal combustion power generation facility 130 and power storage device 140, and similarly to the adder 245c. The corresponding internal combustion power generator output 231 and storage battery output 232 are connected as addition inputs.
そして、負荷周波数制御部２４０において、系統周波数判定機能２４３は、基準周波数ｆ０に対して、系統周波数ｆが所定の変動範囲の場合には、ＬＦＣ常時制御出力２４３ａを加算器２４５ａに出力し、偏差が不感帯を逸脱する大きさになると、系統定数器２４６ｃを介して加算器２４５ｂに減算入力され、連系線潮流ΔＰＴ側の加算入力の和がリミッタ付きＰＩ制御器２４７に入力される。 Then, the load frequency control unit 240, the system frequency determination function 243, the reference frequency f 0, if the system frequency f is in a predetermined variation range, and outputs the LFC constantly control output 243a to the adder 245a, When the deviation deviates from the dead zone, it is subtracted and input to the adder 245b via the system constant unit 246c, and the sum of the addition inputs on the interconnection power flow ΔP T side is input to the PI controller with limiter 247.
リミッタ付きＰＩ制御器２４７は、比例・積分制御によって、個々の負荷周波数制御出力配分器２４８による内燃力発電機出力２３１および蓄電池出力２３２の配分率を制御する。 The PI controller 247 with limiter controls the distribution ratio of the internal combustion power generator output 231 and the storage battery output 232 by the individual load frequency control output distributor 248 by proportional / integral control.
これにより、変化率リミッタ２４９によって変化の上限および下限が既定される範囲で、個々の内燃力発電設備１３０および電力貯蔵装置１４０の各々に対応して設けられた負荷設定器Ｇ１〜ＧＮおよび負荷設定器Ｂ１〜ＢＮの各々に対して、内燃力発電機出力２４１および蓄電池出力２４２を出力することで、個々の内燃力発電設備１３０および電力貯蔵装置１４０の動作を、が基準周波数ｆ０からの系統周波数ｆの逸脱量が所定の許容範囲に収まるように制御する。 Thus, the load setting devices G1 to GN and the load setting provided corresponding to each of the internal combustion power generation equipment 130 and the power storage device 140 within a range in which the upper limit and the lower limit of the change are defined by the change rate limiter 249. for each vessel Bl to BN, strains by outputting an internal combustion power generator output 241 and accumulators output 242, the operation of individual internal combustion power generation facility 130 and power storage device 140, from but the reference frequency f 0 Control is performed so that the deviation amount of the frequency f falls within a predetermined allowable range.
また、系統周波数判定機能２４３は、系統周波数ｆが基準周波数ｆ０から所定の継続時間以上にわたって許容範囲を逸脱して変化した場合には、周波数−継続時間定義テーブル２４３ｔに基づいて、風力／太陽光発電出力抑制２４３ｂ、風力／太陽光発電解列２４３ｃ、負荷出力抑制２４３ｄ、負荷遮断２４３ｅの各制御を行う。 Further, the system frequency determining function 243, if the change deviates from the allowable range from the reference frequency f 0 system frequency f is over the predetermined duration, frequency - based on the duration definition table 243T, wind / solar Each control of the photovoltaic power generation output suppression 243b, the wind / solar electrolysis column 243c, the load output suppression 243d, and the load cutoff 243e is performed.
以下、本実施の形態のマイクログリッド１００を制御するマイクログリッド需給制御システム２００の作用を説明する。
図２に例示されるように、まず、予測機能部２１０は、実績データベース２５０から読み出される過去の需要実績２５１および気象予報値２１１等の情報に基づいて、長期需要予測値２１２および短期需要予測値２１３を、需給計画部２２０および経済負荷配分制御部２３０に出力する。
Hereinafter, the operation of the microgrid supply and demand control system 200 that controls the microgrid 100 of the present embodiment will be described.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, first, the prediction function unit 210 determines the long-term demand forecast value 212 and the short-term demand forecast value based on information such as the past demand record 251 and the weather forecast value 211 read from the record database 250. 213 is output to the supply and demand planning unit 220 and the economic load distribution control unit 230.
需給計画部２２０では、長期需要予測値２１２に基づいて内燃力発電機出力２２１、蓄電池出力２２２、内燃力発電機起動・停止状態２２３の情報を経済負荷配分制御部２３０に出力する。 The supply and demand planning unit 220 outputs information on the internal combustion power generator output 221, the storage battery output 222, and the internal combustion power generator start / stop state 223 to the economic load distribution control unit 230 based on the long-term demand prediction value 212.
経済負荷配分制御部２３０は、予測機能部２１０から得られる短期需要予測値２１３と、需給計画部２２０から得られた内燃力発電機出力２２１、蓄電池出力２２２、内燃力発電機起動・停止状態２２３に基づいて、内燃力発電機出力２３１および蓄電池出力２３２の情報を負荷周波数制御部２４０に出力する。 The economic load distribution control unit 230 includes a short-term demand prediction value 213 obtained from the prediction function unit 210, an internal combustion power generator output 221 and a storage battery output 222 obtained from the supply and demand planning unit 220, and an internal combustion power generator start / stop state 223. Based on the above, information on the internal combustion power generator output 231 and the storage battery output 232 is output to the load frequency control unit 240.
負荷周波数制御部２４０は、経済負荷配分制御部２３０から得られる内燃力発電機出力２３１および蓄電池出力２３２に対して、マイクログリッド１００の現在の系統周波数ｆと、外部電力系統１８０の連系線潮流ΔＰＴに基づいて、マイクログリッド１００の系統周波数ｆの変動を所定の範囲に抑制して安定させつつ、内燃力発電設備１３０、電力貯蔵
装置１４０および再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備１５０と、負荷１２０との需給バランスを制御する。
The load frequency control unit 240 uses the internal grid power output 231 and the storage battery output 232 obtained from the economic load distribution control unit 230 and the current grid frequency f of the microgrid 100 and the grid line flow of the external power grid 180. Based on ΔP T , the fluctuation of the system frequency f of the microgrid 100 is controlled to be stabilized within a predetermined range, and the internal combustion power generation facility 130, the power storage device 140, the renewable energy utilization power generation facility 150, the load 120, Control the supply-demand balance.
図７は、本実施の形態のマイクログリッド需給制御システムにおける負荷周波数制御部における系統周波数判定機能の制御領域の一例を示す制御領域マップである。
すなわち、負荷周波数制御部２４０おいて、系統周波数判定機能２４３は、周波数−継続時間定義テーブル２４３ｔに基づいて、マイクログリッド１００の系統周波数ｆの基準周波数ｆ０に対する変動が所定の小さな範囲では、リミッタ付きＰＩ制御器２４７の制御系列により、負荷設定器Ｇ１〜ＧＮおよび負荷設定器Ｂ１〜ＢＮの各々に対する内燃力発電機出力２４１および蓄電池出力２４２の出力を制御する。
FIG. 7 is a control region map showing an example of a control region of the system frequency determination function in the load frequency control unit in the microgrid supply and demand control system of the present embodiment.
That is, the load frequency control unit 240 Oite, system frequency determination function 243, frequency - based on the duration definition table 243T, a small range variation is predetermined with respect to the reference frequency f 0 of the system frequency f of the micro grid 100, limiter The output of the internal combustion power generator output 241 and the storage battery output 242 for each of the load setting devices G1 to GN and the load setting devices B1 to BN is controlled by the control series of the attached PI controller 247.
これが、図７の負荷周波数常時制御（領域I）である。
また、系統周波数判定機能２４３は、周波数−継続時間定義テーブル２４３ｔに基づいて、系統周波数ｆが、上述の領域Iよりも所定の継続時間以上および所定値以上増大側に変動した場合には、風力／太陽光発電出力抑制２４３ｂを再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備１５０に出力して、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギを利用した発電設備の出力抑制を行う（領域IIＯ）。
This is the constant load frequency control (region I) in FIG.
Further, the system frequency determination function 243 determines the wind power when the system frequency f fluctuates more than a predetermined duration and a predetermined value or more from the above-described region I based on the frequency-duration definition table 243t. / Solar power generation output suppression 243b is output to the renewable energy utilization power generation facility 150 to suppress output of the power generation facility using renewable energy such as solar power generation facility or wind power generation facility (region IIO).
また、系統周波数判定機能２４３は、領域IIＯよりもさらに、系統周波数ｆが、所定の継続時間以上および所定値以上増大側に変動した場合には、再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備１５０に対して風力／太陽光発電解列２４３ｃを出力し、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギを利用した発電設備のマイクログリッド１００からの解列を行う（領域IIIＯ）。 Further, the system frequency determination function 243 further increases the wind power / power generation facility 150 with respect to the wind power / power generation facility 150 when the system frequency f fluctuates more than a predetermined duration and more than a predetermined value. The solar electrolysis column 243c is output, and the power generation facility using the renewable energy such as the solar power generation facility or the wind power generation facility is disconnected from the microgrid 100 (area IIIO).
また、系統周波数判定機能２４３は、周波数−継続時間定義テーブル２４３ｔに基づいて、系統周波数ｆが、上述の領域Iよりも所定の継続時間以上および所定値以上減少側に変動した場合には、負荷１２０に対して負荷出力抑制２４３ｄを出力することにより、負荷出力抑制を行う（領域IIＵ）。 In addition, the system frequency determination function 243 determines that the load is applied when the system frequency f changes to a decreasing side more than a predetermined duration and a predetermined value or more than the above-described region I based on the frequency-duration definition table 243t. The load output is suppressed by outputting the load output suppression 243d to 120 (area IIU).
また、系統周波数判定機能２４３は、系統周波数ｆが、領域IIＵよりもさらに所定の継続時間以上および所定値以上減少側に変動した場合には、負荷１２０に対して負荷遮断２４３ｅを出力して、負荷１２０をマイクログリッド１００から切り離す負荷遮断（領域IIIＵ）を行う。 Further, the system frequency determination function 243 outputs a load cutoff 243e to the load 120 when the system frequency f further fluctuates more than a predetermined duration and a predetermined value or more than the region IIU, A load interruption (area IIIU) for separating the load 120 from the microgrid 100 is performed.
このように、本実施の形態の場合には、例えば、電力過疎地域や離島などのマイクログリッド１００において、周波数の安定性を向上させつつ、マイクログリッドの需給制御を実現できる、という効果が得られる。 As described above, in the case of the present embodiment, for example, in the microgrid 100 such as a sparsely populated area or a remote island, there is an effect that the supply and demand control of the microgrid can be realized while improving the frequency stability. .
すなわち、本実施の形態によれば、内燃力発電設備１３０と、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギを利用した再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備１５０、電力貯蔵装置１４０で構成されるマイクログリッド１００において、太陽光発電設備における日射量変動、風力発電設備における風速変動等による出力変動に対してマイクログリッド１００の周波数を安定化し、電力品質を向上させることが可能となる。 That is, according to the present embodiment, the internal combustion power generation facility 130, the renewable energy utilization power generation facility 150 using the renewable energy such as the solar power generation facility and the wind power generation facility, and the power storage device 140 are used. In the grid 100, it is possible to stabilize the frequency of the microgrid 100 against output fluctuations due to fluctuations in solar radiation in the solar power generation equipment, wind speed fluctuations in the wind power generation equipment, etc., and improve power quality.
換言すれば、周波数変動等の電力品質の低下を懸念することなく、マイクログリッド１００に対する再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備１５０の接続数を増やして、自然エネルギ等の再生可能エネルギを利用した発電の割合を大きくすることにより、発電コストを引き下げることが可能になる。 In other words, the percentage of power generation using renewable energy such as natural energy can be increased by increasing the number of connected renewable energy power generation facilities 150 to the microgrid 100 without worrying about power quality degradation such as frequency fluctuations. By increasing the power generation cost, it becomes possible to reduce the power generation cost.
なお、本発明は、上述の実施の形態に例示した構成に限らず、その趣旨を逸脱しない範
囲で種々変更可能であることは言うまでもない。
例えば、再生可能エネルギとしては、太陽光や風力に限らず、廃棄物やバイオマス等の燃焼エネルギ等も含むことができる。
Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the configuration exemplified in the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, the renewable energy is not limited to sunlight and wind power, but can also include combustion energy such as waste and biomass.
１００ マイクログリッド
１１０ 送電網
１１１ 連携線
１２０ 負荷
１３０ 内燃力発電設備
１４０ 電力貯蔵装置
１５０ 再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備
１６０ 周波数検出器
１７０ 有効電力演算器
１８０ 外部電力系統
２００ マイクログリッド需給制御システム
２１０ 予測機能部
２１１ 気象予報値
２１２ 長期需要予測値
２１３ 短期需要予測値
２２０ 需給計画部
２２１ 内燃力発電機出力
２２２ 蓄電池出力
２２３ 内燃力発電機起動・停止状態
２３０ 経済負荷配分制御部
２３１ 内燃力発電機出力
２３２ 蓄電池出力
２４０ 負荷周波数制御部
２４１ 内燃力発電機出力
２４２ 蓄電池出力
２４３ 系統周波数判定機能
２４３ａ ＬＦＣ常時制御出力
２４３ｂ 風力／太陽光発電出力抑制
２４３ｃ 風力／太陽光発電解列
２４３ｄ 負荷出力抑制
２４３ｅ 負荷遮断
２４３ｔ 周波数−継続時間定義テーブル
２４４ａ ＬＰＦ
２４４ｂ ＬＰＦ
２４５ａ 加算器
２４５ｂ 加算器
２４５ｃ 加算器
２４６ａ 不感帯設定器
２４６ｂ 不感帯設定器
２４６ｃ 系統定数器
２４７ リミッタ付きＰＩ制御器
２４８ 負荷周波数制御出力配分器
２４９ 変化率リミッタ
２５０ 実績データベース
２５１ 需要実績
３１１ 内燃力発電機出力上限制約
３１２ 内燃力発電機出力下限制約
３２０ 内燃力発電機出力変化率制約
３３１ 蓄電池出力上限制約
３３２ 蓄電池出力下限制約
３４０ 蓄電池出力変化率制約
３５１ 蓄電池電力量上限制約
３５２ 蓄電池電力量下限制約
３６０ 需給バランス制約
ｆ 系統周波数
ｆ０ 基準周波数
ΔＰＴ 連系線潮流
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Micro grid 110 Power transmission network 111 Cooperation line 120 Load 130 Internal combustion power generation equipment 140 Electric power storage apparatus 150 Renewable energy utilization power generation equipment 160 Frequency detector 170 Active power calculator 180 External power system 200 Micro grid supply and demand control system 210 Prediction function part 211 Weather forecast value 212 Long-term demand forecast value 213 Short-term demand forecast value 220 Supply and demand planning section 221 Internal combustion power generator output 222 Storage battery output 223 Internal combustion power generator start / stop state 230 Economic load distribution control section 231 Internal combustion power generator output 232 Storage battery Output 240 Load frequency control unit 241 Internal power generator output 242 Storage battery output 243 System frequency determination function 243a LFC constant control output 243b Wind / solar power generation output suppression 243c Wind / solar electrolysis column 243d Load output suppression 243e Load interception 243t Frequency-duration definition table 244a LPF
244b LPF
245a Adder 245b Adder 245c Adder 246a Dead band setter 246b Dead band setter 246c System constant unit 247 PI controller with limiter 248 Load frequency control output distributor 249 Change rate limiter 250 Result database 251 Demand record 311 Internal combustion power generator output Upper limit constraint 312 Internal combustion power generator output lower limit constraint 320 Internal combustion power generator output change rate constraint 331 Storage battery output upper limit constraint 332 Storage battery output lower limit constraint 340 Storage battery output change rate constraint 351 Storage battery power upper limit constraint 352 Storage battery power lower limit constraint 360 Supply / demand balance Constraint f System frequency f 0 Reference frequency ΔP T- connected line power flow
Claims (9)
気象予報値および需要実績から、長期需要予測値および短期需要予測値を演算する予測手段と、
前記長期需要予測値から、前記内燃力発電設備の起動・停止状態、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の蓄電出力を演算する需給計画手段と、
前記短期需要予測値から、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力を演算する経済負荷配分制御手段と、
前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力、系統周波数、および外部の電力系統との連系線潮流から、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力を演算する負荷周波数制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするマイクログリッドの需給制御装置。 In a microgrid supply and demand control device including an internal combustion power generation facility, a renewable energy utilization power generation facility, a power storage device, and a load that consumes power,
A forecasting means for calculating long-term demand forecast values and short-term demand forecast values from weather forecast values and demand results;
From the long-term demand forecast value, the supply / demand planning means for calculating the start / stop state of the internal combustion power generation facility, the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the storage output of the power storage device,
Economic load distribution control means for calculating the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the power storage output of the power storage device from the short-term demand forecast value,
From the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the power storage output of the power storage device, the grid frequency, and the interconnection power flow with an external power system, the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the power storage output of the power storage device Load frequency control means for calculating;
A supply and demand control device for a microgrid characterized by comprising:
前記需給計画手段は、目的関数として前記内燃力発電設備の燃料費および起動費を用い、
前記目的関数の制約条件として、
前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力の上限制約および下限制約、
前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力の変化率制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の前記出力の上限制約および下限制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力の変化率制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の蓄電量の上限制約および下限制約、
前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力および前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力の和と前記負荷との需給バランス制約、
を用いることを特徴とするマイクログリッドの需給制御装置。 The supply and demand control device for a microgrid according to claim 1,
The supply and demand planning means uses the fuel cost and start-up cost of the internal combustion power generation facility as an objective function,
As a constraint condition of the objective function,
Upper limit and lower limit constraints on the output of the internal combustion power generation facility,
The rate of change restriction of the output of the internal combustion power generation facility,
Upper limit and lower limit constraints on the output of the power storage device,
Change rate constraint of the electricity storage output of the power storage device,
Upper limit and lower limit constraints on the amount of electricity stored in the power storage device,
Supply and demand balance constraint between the load and the sum of the output of the internal combustion power generation facility and the storage output of the power storage device;
A supply and demand control device for a microgrid characterized in that
前記経済負荷配分制御手段の目的関数に前記内燃力発電設備の燃料費を用い、
制約条件に前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力の上限制約および下限制約、
前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力の変化率制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力の上限制約および下限制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力の変化率制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の蓄電量の上限制約および下限制約、
前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力および前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力の和と前記負荷との需給バランス制約、
を用いることを特徴とするマイクログリッドの需給制御装置。 The supply and demand control device for a microgrid according to claim 1,
Using the fuel cost of the internal combustion power generation facility as an objective function of the economic load distribution control means,
An upper limit constraint and a lower limit constraint of the output of the internal combustion power generation facility as a constraint condition,
The rate of change restriction of the output of the internal combustion power generation facility,
An upper limit constraint and a lower limit constraint for the electricity storage output of the power storage device;
Change rate constraint of the electricity storage output of the power storage device;
Upper limit and lower limit constraints on the amount of electricity stored in the power storage device,
Supply and demand balance constraint between the load and the sum of the output of the internal combustion power generation facility and the storage output of the power storage device;
A supply and demand control device for a microgrid characterized in that
前記負荷周波数制御手段は、系統周波数判定手段と、ＰＩ（比例・積分）制御手段を含むことを特徴とするマイクログリッドの需給制御装置。 The supply and demand control device for a microgrid according to claim 1,
The load frequency control means includes a system frequency determination means and a PI (proportional / integral) control means.
前記系統周波数判定手段は、系統周波数と、予め決められた前記系統周波数と継続時間の関係を定義したテーブルとから、前記再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備の出力抑制、前記再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備の解列、負荷出力抑制、負荷遮断を判別することを特徴とするマイクログリッドの需給制御装置。 In the microgrid supply and demand control device according to claim 4,
The system frequency determination means is configured to suppress output of the renewable energy-based power generation facility and solve the renewable energy-based power generation facility from a system frequency and a table that defines a predetermined relationship between the system frequency and a duration. A supply and demand control device for a microgrid characterized by discriminating a row, load output suppression, and load interruption.
る負荷と、を含むマイクログリッドの需給制御方法において、
気象予報値および需要実績から、長期需要予測値および短期需要予測値を演算する予測ステップと、
前記長期需要予測値から、前記内燃力発電設備の起動・停止状態、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の蓄電出力を演算する需給計画ステップと、
前記短期需要予測値から、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力を演算する経済負荷配分制御ステップと、
前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力、系統周波数、および外部の電力系統との連系線潮流から、前記内燃力発電設備の出力、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力を演算する負荷周波数制御ステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするマイクログリッドの需給制御方法。 In a power supply and demand control method for a microgrid including an internal combustion power generation facility, a renewable energy utilization power generation facility, a power storage device, and a load that consumes power,
A forecasting step for calculating a long-term demand forecast value and a short-term demand forecast value from the weather forecast value and the demand record;
From the long-term demand forecast value, the supply / demand planning step of calculating the start / stop state of the internal combustion power generation facility, the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the storage output of the power storage device,
From the short-term demand forecast value, an economic load distribution control step of calculating the output of the internal combustion power generation facility and the storage output of the power storage device;
From the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the power storage output of the power storage device, the grid frequency, and the interconnection power flow with an external power system, the output of the internal combustion power generation facility, the power storage output of the power storage device A load frequency control step to be calculated;
A supply and demand control method for a microgrid characterized by comprising:
前記需給計画ステップでは目的関数として前記内燃力発電設備の燃料費および起動費を用い、
前記目的関数の制約条件として、
前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力の上限制約および下限制約、
前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力の変化率制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の前記出力の上限制約および下限制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力の変化率制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の蓄電量の上限制約および下限制約、
前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力および前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力の和と前記負荷との需給バランス制約、
を用いることを特徴とするマイクログリッドの需給制御方法。 In the microgrid supply and demand control method according to claim 6,
In the supply and demand planning step, the fuel cost and start-up cost of the internal combustion power generation facility are used as an objective function,
As a constraint condition of the objective function,
Upper limit and lower limit constraints on the output of the internal combustion power generation facility,
The rate of change restriction of the output of the internal combustion power generation facility,
Upper limit and lower limit constraints on the output of the power storage device,
Change rate constraint of the electricity storage output of the power storage device,
Upper limit and lower limit constraints on the amount of electricity stored in the power storage device,
Supply and demand balance constraint between the load and the sum of the output of the internal combustion power generation facility and the storage output of the power storage device;
A method for controlling supply and demand of a microgrid characterized by using the
前記経済負荷配分制御ステップでは、目的関数として前記内燃力発電設備の燃料費を用い、
制約条件に前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力の上限制約および下限制約、
前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力の変化率制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力の上限制約および下限制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力の変化率制約、
前記電力貯蔵装置の蓄電量の上限制約および下限制約、
前記内燃力発電設備の前記出力および前記電力貯蔵装置の前記蓄電出力の和と前記負荷との需給バランス制約、
を用いることを特徴とするマイクログリッドの需給制御方法。 In the microgrid supply and demand control method according to claim 6,
In the economic load distribution control step, the fuel cost of the internal combustion power generation facility is used as an objective function,
An upper limit constraint and a lower limit constraint of the output of the internal combustion power generation facility as a constraint condition,
The rate of change restriction of the output of the internal combustion power generation facility,
An upper limit constraint and a lower limit constraint for the electricity storage output of the power storage device;
Change rate constraint of the electricity storage output of the power storage device,
Upper limit and lower limit constraints on the amount of electricity stored in the power storage device,
Supply and demand balance constraint between the load and the sum of the output of the internal combustion power generation facility and the storage output of the power storage device;
A method for controlling supply and demand of a microgrid characterized by using the
前記負荷周波数制御ステップは、
系統周波数と、予め決められた前記系統周波数と継続時間の関係を定義したテーブルとから、前記再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備の出力抑制、前記再生可能エネルギ利用発電設備の解列、負荷出力抑制、負荷遮断を演算する系統周波数判定ステップを含むことを特徴とするマイクログリッドの需給制御方法。 In the microgrid supply and demand control method according to claim 6,
The load frequency control step includes
From a system frequency and a table that defines a predetermined relationship between the system frequency and the duration, output suppression of the renewable energy-use power generation facility, disconnection of the renewable energy-use power generation facility, load output suppression, load A method for controlling supply and demand of a microgrid, comprising a system frequency determination step for calculating a cutoff.
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